Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst system is provided. The catalyst system includes a metal complex of Formula (I), an organic lithium compound and an organic compound having a cyclic structure including at least one double bond. In Formula (I), M is transition metals. R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different, including hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, and C1-8 alkoxy, or two of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are linked together to form a ring. X1, X2 and X3 are a cyclic group, hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, alkyl or alkoxy, wherein when one of X1, X2 and X3 is a cyclic group, and the others are the same or different, including hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, alkyl or alkoxy. The invention also provides a selective hydrogenation process utilizing the catalyst system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isomerizing linear alpha-olefins having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms over a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a hydrogenation metal and a selectivity promoter selected from among selenium and tellurium on a support, and also a process for preparing 1-olefins by a metathesis reaction of 2-olefins with ethene, wherein the 2-olefins are prepared by the above mentioned isomerization process.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion processes, to equipment useful in such processes, to the products of such hydrocarbon conversion processes and the use thereof, and to the use of energy derived from such processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a composition that is very rich in squalene produced by fermentation of micro-organisms. The method is characterized in that it comprises a purification step selected from the group including: supercritical CO2 extraction in a multi-stage counter-current fractionation column with extract reflux, and short-path molecular distillation.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene comprising: a fluoridation reaction of a halopropane and/or halopropene into 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by means of hydrogen fluoride; the recovery of a gas stream resulting from the reaction; the cooling and partial condensation of the gas stream resulting from the reaction into a partially condensed stream; the separation of the partially condensed stream into a gas fraction and a liquid fraction; the compression of the gas fraction into a compressed gas fraction; the compression of the liquid fraction into a compressed liquid fraction; the distillation of the compressed gas fraction and compressed liquid fraction in order to provide a stream of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, a stream of hydrochloric acid, and a stream of unreacted hydrogen fluoride. The invention also concerns an installation suitable for implementing said method.

Abstract: A method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, including: a) heating and vaporizing hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene (TCP), and introducing hydrogen fluoride and TCP to a first reactor for reaction in the presence of an A-type catalyst to yield a first product mixture including 2,3-dichloro-3,3-difluoropropene (“HCFO-1232xf”), where the mole ratio between hydrogen fluoride and TCP is between 5:1 and 60:1, the reaction temperature is between 200 and 500° C., and the space velocity is between 200 and 2000 h?1; b) preheating the first product mixture including HCFO-1232xf, introducing the first product mixture including HCFO-1232xf to a second reactor for reaction in the presence of a B-type catalyst to yield a second product mixture including HFO-1234yf, where the temperature of the preheated first product mixture including HCFO-1232xf is higher than the reaction temperature of the first reactor and lower than the reaction temperature of the second reactor.

Abstract: Process for production of a higher alcohol product from an alcohol synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and lower alcohols, comprising a carbon dioxide and optional alkane removal step. Use a stripper using synthesis gas as stripping gas to purify the liquid phase containing the lower and highers alcohols, in order to strip the lower alcohol from the alcohol stream. Synthesis gas used for stripping is used as recycle stream in the reactor.

Abstract: A process for producing a composition which is particularly rich in D-mannitol, the latter being present in the form of crystals having a volume average diameter greater than 20 pm, wherein the crystals correspond to a very large extent to the ? polymorph. This process makes use of the evaporative crystallization technique, in which the seeding and then the controlled growth of the crystals is carried out at different evaporation rates. Finally, very pure ? crystals are advantageously obtained, which have a better compressibility than the ? and ? homologues thereof and which, by virtue of the sizes thereof, result in a powder which is not subject to caking.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process to make and isolate methylal by reacting formaldehyde and methanol with an acid catalyst under at least partial formation of methylal and water, to form a mixture M2 comprising formaldehyde, methanol, methylal, and water, separating the said mixture M2 in a distillation column B into three distinct product streams, one being a distillate taken from the column head BH which is rich in methylal, one taken from the column bottom stream BB being almost pure water, and one taken from the side of the column B below the reaction zone which stream is rich in methanol, characterised in that the ratio of the amount of substance of methanol to the amount of substance of formaldehyde in the mixture M1 is at least 3 mol/mol, and to an apparatus to be used with this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into products containing aldehydes and/or alcohols. The invention also relates to producing olefins from the aldehyde and alcohol, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Abstract: The invention describes methods and systems for making particular organic compounds from unsaturated fatty acids derived from biological materials. Particular embodiments describe synthesizing civetone and olefins from a mixture of palmitoleic and oleic unsaturated fatty acid esters. The inventive methods use reaction steps such as metathesis, cyclization, hydrolysis, and/or decarboxylation.

Abstract: A process for producing furfural and levulinic acid from lignocellulose-comprising biomass is disclosed. The biomass is slurried using water and optionally an acid, subjected to hydrolysis, and then subjected to a solid/liquid separation to yield at least an aqueous fraction comprising C5 and C6 sugars and a solid fraction comprising cellulose and lignin. Furfural is obtained by adding an organic solvent to the aqueous fraction, heating at 120-220° C. for a sufficient time to form furfural, cooling, and separating an organic phase comprising at least part of the furfural from an aqueous phase. Levulinic acid is obtained by suspending the solid fraction in water and optionally an acid, heating the suspension to 140-220° C., and separating an aqueous fraction comprising the levulinic acid from a solid fraction.

Abstract: A method and integrated system for producing levulinic acid from the sludge of a pulp and paper mill and other lignocellulosic biomass is provided.

Abstract: A continuous process for the oxidative cleavage of vegetable oils containing triglycerides of unsaturated carboxylic acids, to obtain saturated carboxylic acids, comprising feeding to a first continuous reactor a vegetable oil, an oxidizing compound and catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of the olefinic double bond to obtain an intermediate compound containing vicinal diols: feeding to a second continuous reactor said intermediate compound, a compound containing oxygen and a catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of the vicinal diols to carboxylic groups, to obtain saturated monocarboxylic acids (i) and triglycerides containing saturated carboxylic acids with more than one acid function (ii); separating the saturated monocarboxylic acids (i) from the triglycerides (ii); hydrolyzing in a third reactor the triglycerides (ii) to obtain glycerol and saturated carboxylic acids with more than one acid function; and purifying said saturated carboxylic acids by fractioned crystalliza

Abstract: Eductor mixers are used to mix the reaction medium in a carbonylation reactor. A portion of the reaction solution withdrawn from the reactor and directed through a pump around loop. The pump around loop is fed back to the reactor through the eductor mixers. In addition, a pump around loop may pass through one or more steam generators and/or heat exchangers.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for removing aromatics from the reactants that are fed to a carbonylation reactor. The aromatics are removed using a guard bed that comprises an adsorbent.

Abstract: A method for efficiently producing t-butanol as a raw material of a methacrylic resin from isobutanol is described, including a step (1) of dehydrating isobutanol to obtain butenes, and a step (2) of hydrating the butenes to obtain t-butanol. A method for producing methacrolein and methacrylic acid is also described, which further includes a step (3) of dehydrating and oxidizing the obtained t-butanol to obtain methacrolein and methacrylic acid. An apparatus for performing the steps (1) to (3) is also described.

Abstract: A process utilizing nitric acid and oxygen as co-oxidants to oxidize aldehydes, alcohols, polyols, preferably carbohydrates, specifically reducing sugars to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids.

Abstract: This invention relates to hydrogenation processes for making cyclohexane compounds. More specifically, this invention relates to hydrogenation processes in the presence of tertiary amide solvent compounds, as well as compositions that can result from such processes. The invention thus provides processes for making cyclohexanecarboxylic acid compounds and processes for making hydroxymethylcyclohexane compounds.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of treprostinil and its derivatives is described. In contrast to prior art, this method utilizes an easily scalable enzymatic resolution of a key intermediate for making these compounds. Another significant improvement of the described method over prior methods is the regioselective Claisen rearrangement of a 5-allyloxy-benzaldehyde precursor, which is facilitated by a bromo substituent in 2-position.

Abstract: A method of producing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester such as (meth) acrylic acid or alkyl esters thereof, for example, methyl methacrylate is described. The process comprises the steps of contacting formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester, for example, propionic acid or alkyl esters thereof in the presence of a catalyst and optionally an alcohol. The catalyst comprises group II metal phosphate crystals having rod or needle like morphology or a suitable source thereof. The phosphate may be a hydroxyapatite, pyrophosphate, hydroxyphosphate, PO42? phosphate or mixtures thereof. The group II metal may be selected from Ca, Sr, Ba or mixtures thereof, for example, strontium hydroxyapatite and calcium hydroxyapatite. A catalyst system comprising a crystalline metal phosphate catalyst and a catalyst support is also described. The metal phosphate has rod/needle like morphology.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a 2-alkenylamine compound efficiently and at low cost, using a primary or secondary amine compound and a 2-alkenyl compound as the starting materials therefor. The 2-alkenyleamine compound is produced by 2-alkenylating a primary or secondary amine compound, using a specified 2-alkenylating agent and in the presence of a catalyst comprising a complexing agent and a transition metal precursor stabilized by a monovalent anionic five-membered conjugated diene.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are di-substituted aryl polyamine compounds and methods of making and using the same. The di-substituted polyamine compounds act as PTS targeting agents, which selectively target the polyamine transport system (PTS) with high efficacy and have improved stability in the presence of amine oxidases.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for the treatment of fibromyalgia pain may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of injury, post-operative pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, migraine, HIV related neuropathic pain, post herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, bipolar depression, stress, cancer pain, and lower back pain.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for the synthesis of a 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxybenzamide and other benzamides of Compound I: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen, a C1-C6 alkyl, or a C1-C6 alkoxy; and wherein R6 and R7 each independently represent a hydrogen, a C1-C6 alkyl, a protecting group, or a directing group.

Abstract: An improved, cost effective process for the preparation of Lacosamide is disclosed. A novel intermediate of formula (IV) and a process for preparation of the novel intermediate is also disclosed. wherein, X is halogen.

Abstract: A new route of synthesis of the compound Aliskiren of formula (I), used in the treatment of hypertension, is described.

Abstract: The subject invention provides R(+)-N-formyl-propargyl-aminoindan and a composition containing N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a compound of R(+)-N-formyl-propargyl-aminoindan.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for, when stopping an ammoxidation reaction of propane, stopping the ammoxidation reaction safely and quickly, without causing a deterioration in catalytic activity or acrylonitrile yield. The method for stopping an ammoxidation reaction includes a supply stopping step of stopping a supply of propane, an oxygen-containing gas, and ammonia to a reactor where an ammoxidation reaction of propane is being carried out using a catalyst, and a reaction stopping step of supplying an inert gas to the reactor in an amount 10 to 300 times the catalyst volume per hour until the catalyst temperature reaches 380° C. or less, wherein after the supply stopping step, a time required until the catalyst temperature decreases to 360° C. or less is within 10 hours.

Abstract: Provided are a functional-group-modified carbon material modified with an isocyanate group or amino group, and a method for producing the material. The material is an isocyanate-group-modified carbon material in which an isocyanate group of a diisocyanate compound is bonded to a graphene-like carbon material, or an amino-group-modified carbon material in which a fragment obtained by radical-decomposing an amino-group-containing azo-type radical initiator is added to the graphene-like carbon material by radical-trapping. The method is a method for producing a functional-group-modified carbon material, including heating and stirring, in a solvent, a graphene-like carbon material, and a diisocyanate compound or an amino-group-containing azo-type radical initiator.

Abstract: Disclosed are 1,3-Dioxoindene derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or enantiomers, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of viral diseases, comprising the same as an active ingredient. The 1,3-Dioxoindene derivatives have excellent inhibitory activity against picornaviruses including coxsackie-, entero-, echo-, Polio-, and rhinoviruses, as well as exhibiting low cytotoxicity, so that they can be useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of viral diseases including poliomyelitis, paralysis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, viral meningitis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular disease, hepatitis A, myositis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, diabetes, epidemic myalgia, encephalitis, flu, herpangina, foot-and-mouth disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, sinusitis or otitis media.

Abstract: A salt represented by the formula (X): wherein Q1 and Q2 each independently represent a fluorine atom etc., L1 and L2 independently each represent a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, ring W1 represents a C3-C36 saturated hydrocarbon ring, R2 is independently in each occurrence a hydroxyl group etc., s represents an integer of 0 to 2, Z+ represents an organic counter ion, and W10 represents a group represented by the formula (X-1): wherein ring W2 represents a C4-C36 saturated hydrocarbon ring in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O— or —CO—, with the proviso that at least one —CH2— in the C4-C36 saturated hydrocarbon ring is replaced by —CO—, R3 is independently in each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl group etc., and t represents an integer of 0 to 2, or a group represented by the formula (X-2): wherein ring W3 represents a C3-C36 saturated hydrocarbon ring, R4 is independently in each occurrence a hydroxyl group etc., R5 is independently in each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl group etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing (R)-5-(2-(benzylamino)ethyl)-1-(6,8-difluorochroman-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2(3H)-thione, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, especially the hydrochloride salt. The invention also relates to a process for making intermediates useful in the formation of said compound, and to the intermediates, per se.

Abstract: Embodiment of the present disclosure can include a compound, a structure bonded to the compound, and the like. In an embodiment, the compound can be a linker between an agent and a structure, where the agent can be a dye or a pigment and the structure can be a fiber, hair, or another structure.

Abstract: Provided are dithiol mucolytic agents. These agents increase the liquefaction of mucus in a patient with excessive mucus or mucus with increased viscoelastic, cohesive, or adhesive properties. Also provided are a variety of methods of treatment using these inventive mucolytic agents.

Abstract: A compound of Formula (I): or a metabolite thereof, or an ester of the compound of Formula (I) or the metabolite thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each thereof, wherein m, n, X1 and X2 are as defined herein, is useful for inhibiting or treating advanced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, conditions leading to or arising from it, and/or negative effects of each thereof.

Abstract: While methodologies for the Kinetic Resolution of alcohols are well established, no analogous direct methods exist for the highly selective, direct catalytic Kinetic Resolution of thiols (i.e., R—SH). The present invention relates to a method for resolving stereoisomeric mixtures of thiols. In particular, the present invention relates to purely organocatalytic mediated resolution of enantiomeric mixtures of thiols without the need for enzymes. Also disclosed are some novel catalysts. Such catalysts may comprise a cinchona alkaloid-derived moiety.

Abstract: The present invention demonstrates a newly designed and synthesized carbazole scaffold based electro-fluorescent emitter, 9-butyl-2,7-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)-9H-carbazole (Cz(APhOMe)2), for ultra-violet OLED. This novel emitter has showed a high quantum yield of ˜78%. By doping in a host light-emitting layer of an OLED, the Cz(APhOMe)2 guest light-emitting material shows a UV light belong to the near-UV region with high external quantum efficiency. Most importantly, a variety of experiment results have proved that this UV light is a pure UV light having only one peak wavelength in the emission spectrum thereof. Ascertainably, this pure UV light can be applied in numerous applications, such as biological sensors chemical sensors, leakage detection in automobiles, crack detection in airplanes, high density information storage devices, water treatment for germicidal protection, forensic investigations, sanitation and sterilization, laboratory researches, food industries, and fraud detection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I), wherein the residues R1 to R6, V, G and M have the meanings indicated in the claims. The compounds of the formula I are valuable pharmacologically active compounds for use in the treatment of diverse disorders, for example cardiovascular disorders like thromboembolic diseases or restenoses. The compounds of the invention are effective antagonists of the platelet LPA receptor LPAR5 (GPR92) and can in general be applied in conditions in which an undesired activation of the platelet LPA receptor LPAR5, the mast cell LPA receptor LPAR5 or the microglia cell LPA receptor LPAR5 is present, or for the cure or prevention of which an inhibition of the platelet, mast cell or microglia cell LPA receptor LPAR5 is intended. The invention furthermore relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of the formula I, their use, in particular as active ingredients in medicaments, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: A compound which is a compound of formula (I) or any salt thereof: wherein R1 is a Ci-C6 alkyl group, R2 is H or a Ci-C6 alkyl group, R3 is H or a Ci-C6 alkyl group, and n is an integer from 0 to 5.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel polymorphic crystal forms of a 5-(2-{[6-(2,2-difluoro-2-phenylethoxy)hexyl]amino}-1-(R)-hydroxyethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one, heminapadisylate. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said polymorphic crystal forms, methods of using them to treat respiratory diseases associated with ?2 adrenergic receptor activity and a process for preparing such polymorphic crystal forms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for the preparation of substituted optically pure (S)-(+)- or (R)-(?)-10-hydroxy-dihydrodibenz[b,f]azepines or derivatives thereof, starting from 10,11-dihydro-10-oxo-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepines using boronate esters or their derivatives. The present invention also provides use of thus prepared (S)-(+)- or (R)-(?)-10-hydroxy-dihydrodibenz[b,f]azepines for the preparation of their ester such as (S)-(?)-10-acetoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide or (R)-(+)-10-acetoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide. The present invention also provides novel solid state crystalline forms J1, J2, J3, J4 and amorphous form of eslicarbazepine and the process for the preparation thereof. Also, the present invention provides novel solid state crystalline form and amorphous form of eslicarbazepine acetate and the process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Compounds described herein are useful for inhibiting arginine methyltransferase activity. Methods of using the compounds for treating arginine methyltransferase-mediated disorders are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I), wherein the residues R1 to R5, V, G and M have the meanings indicated in the claims. The compounds of the formula (I) are valuable pharmacologically active compounds for use in the treatment of diverse disorders, for example cardiovascular disorders like thromboembolic diseases or restenoses. The compounds of the invention are effective antagonists of the platelet LPA receptor LPAR5 (GPR92) and can in general be applied in conditions in which an undesired activation of the platelet LPA receptor LPAR5, the mast cell LPA receptor LPAR5 or the microglia cell LPA receptor LPAR5 is present or for the cure or prevention of which an inhibition of the platelet, mast cell or microglia cell LPA receptor LPAR5 is intended. The invention furthermore relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of the formula (I), their use, in particular as active ingredients in medicaments, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of a pyrazole carboxylic acid derivative of the formula wherein R1 is C1-7-alkyl and R3 is C1-7-alkyl which is optionally substituted with halogen or C1-4-alkoxy. The pyrazole carboxylic acid derivative of the formula I can be used as building block in the preparation of pharmaceutically active principles e.g. for compounds acting as phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, particularly PDE10 inhibitors. PDE10 inhibitors have the potential to treat psychotic disorders like schizophrenia.

Abstract: Provided are imidazolidinedione compounds of formula (I), processes for preparation, uses and pharmaceutically compositions thereof. The imidazolidinedione compounds posses androgen receptor antagonist activity and can be used for preventing and treating diseases and disorders related to androgen receptor, such as prostate cancer, alopecia, hair regeneration, acne and adolescent acne.

Abstract: The present invention provides 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds that inhibit the IgE and/or IgG receptor signaling cascades that lead to the release of chemical mediators, intermediates and methods of synthesizing the compounds and methods of using the compounds in a variety of contexts, including in the treatment and prevention of diseases characterized by, caused by or associated with the release of chemical mediators via degranulation and other processes effected by activation of the IgE and/or IgG receptor signaling cascades.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the synthesis of N-protected bis-3,6-[4-aminobutyl]-2,5-diketopiperazine including the step of heating a solution of ?-amino protected lysine in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and phosphorus pentoxide.

Abstract: Described include (1) a substituted pyrazine compound of general formula (VIII): and (2) a process for producing the substituted pyrazine compound of general formula (VIII), where R1 is hydrogen, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and R4 is a protecting group. The process comprises (1) the step of reacting 2-amino-3,5-dibromo-6-chloropyrazine with R1MgX and ZnCl2 in the presence of a palladium catalyst to produce a compound of general formula (V); (2) the step of reacting the compound of general formula (V) with a compound of general formula (VI) to produce a compound of general formula (VII); and (3) the step of reacting the compound of formula (VII) with tributyl(vinyl)tin in the presence or a palladium catalyst to given the compound of general formula (VIII).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound having Formula I: or a salt thereof, in which R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein. Also disclosed are processes to prepare compounds of Formula I and use of compounds of Formula I to prepare stable glassy phases.