Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes: an modulation circuit that generates a modulated signal by pulse-modulating a source signal through self-oscillation; a transistor that amplifies the modulated signal to generate an amplified modulated signal; a low-pass filter that includes an inductor and a capacitor and smoothes the amplified modulated signal to generate a drive signal; a feedback circuit that allows the drive signal to return to the modulation circuit; a piezoelectric element that is displaced by application of the drive signal thereto; a cavity that is filled with a liquid inside and has an internal volume which changes when the piezoelectric element is displaced; and a nozzle that is provided to discharge the liquid inside the cavity in response to the change of the internal volume of the cavity. In this configuration, a self-resonant frequency of the capacitor is higher than a frequency of the self-oscillation.

Abstract: The degree of thickening of ink for each of nozzles based on dot pattern data is calculated based on a thickening value Z (n+1)=Z (n)×a×bss×bmm×bll, and information the dot pattern data corresponding to the nozzle, which indicates that small dots are formed in when the thickening value is equal to or greater than a threshold is replaced with information indicating that middle dots which are larger than the small dots are formed. On the other hand, in a case where the thickening value is returned to be smaller than the threshold (a previous state) when after the thickening value becomes equal to or greater than the threshold, information of the dot pattern data corresponding to the nozzle, which indicates that the small dots are formed is maintained as it is without being replaced.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes: a modulation circuit that generates a modulated signal by pulse-modulating a source signal; a transistor that amplifies the modulated signal to generate an amplified modulated signal; a low-pass filter that includes an inductor and a capacitor and smoothes the amplified modulated signal to generate a drive signal; a feedback circuit that returns the drive signal to the modulation circuit; a circuit board; a piezoelectric element that is displaced by application of the drive signal thereto. The circuit board has a first mounting surface and a second mounting surface. The capacitor and the feedback circuit are mounted and a first ground wiring connected to the capacitor and a second ground wiring connected to the feedback circuit are provided on the first mounting surface. At least one of the modulation circuit, the transistor, and the inductor is mounted on the second mounting surface.

Abstract: In one example, a printhead structure includes: a first layer; an array of openings in the first layer to form printing fluid ejection chambers; a second layer on the first layer; an array of orifices through the second layer, each orifice located adjacent to one of the openings in the first layer; a groove in the first layer spanning substantially a full length of the array of openings; and multiple holes through the second layer to the groove in the first layer.

Abstract: An ink printing process employs per-nozzle droplet volume measurement and processing software that plans droplet combinations to reach specific aggregate ink fills per target region, guaranteeing compliance with minimum and maximum ink fills set by specification. In various embodiments, different droplet combinations are produced through different printhead/substrate scan offsets, offsets between printheads, the use of different nozzle drive waveforms, and/or other techniques. These combinations can be based on repeated, rapid droplet measurements that develop understandings for each nozzle of means and spreads for expected droplet volume, velocity and trajectory, with combinations of droplets being planned based on these statistical parameters. Optionally, random fill variation can be introduced so as to mitigate Mura effects in a finished display device. The disclosed techniques have many possible applications.

Abstract: An electric connection method for connection between a semiconductor substrate and an electric wiring substrate includes a first process for providing the semiconductor substrate having a heating member and a pad and the electric wiring substrate having first wiring and second wiring, a second process for electrically connecting the first wiring and the heating member, a third process for causing the heating member to generate heat by supplying power to the heating member through the first wiring, and a fourth process for electrically connecting the pad and the second wiring at a temperature higher than a temperature for electrically connecting the first wiring and the heating member.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head is disclosed. The liquid ejecting head includes a liquid inlet which is provided on one surface of the liquid ejecting head and to which a liquid maintaining portion that maintains liquid is connected, a recessed portion in which the liquid inlet is provided on an inner side and which is open to the one surface, a groove portion which is continuously provided across a vicinity of the recessed portion on an outer side of the recessed portion, and open to the one surface, and a communication path which communicates with a side surface where the groove portion and the one surface intersect with each other, or with a surface opposite to the one surface.

Abstract: A method for determining an issue in an inkjet nozzle with impedance measurements, includes taking a first impedance measurement to detect a drive bubble with an impedance sensor; and taking a second impedance measurement to detect said drive bubble with said impedance sensor after said first impedance measurement.

Abstract: A liquid jet head includes an actuator substrate having an alternating array of ejection grooves and non-ejection grooves which penetrate from an upper surface to a lower surface of the actuator substrate and are longer in a substrate surface direction than in a depth direction. A cover plate attached to the actuator substrate covers upper surface openings of the grooves, and a nozzle plate attached to the actuator substrate covers lower surface openings of the grooves. The grooves are formed in such a manner that configurations of the lower surface openings of the ejection grooves and the non-ejection grooves are different.

Abstract: An ink ejection device comprises: an ink supply section including a plurality of ink chambers respectively containing the plural kinds of inks; and a head section having plural groups of nozzles and ejecting the plural kinds of inks to be supplied from the ink supply section. The head section includes a plurality of supply ports which are aligned in the scanning direction and through which the plural kinds of inks are supplied. The ink supply section includes: a plurality of connection passages respectively connecting the plurality of supply ports to the ink chambers containing the inks to be supplied respectively to the supply ports; and a plurality of air discharge passages connected respectively to the plurality of ink chambers. Then, the plurality of ink chambers are aligned in the conveying direction.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid discharging head includes an element substrate provided with a discharge opening for discharging a liquid and a supporting member that supports the element substrate, the element substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the supporting member having a height reference surface and an element-substrate bonding surface to which the first surface is bonded with an adhesive. The method includes the steps of measuring a height h of the element-substrate bonding surface from the height reference surface; applying the adhesive to the element-substrate bonding surface; and causing the first surface to oppose the element-substrate bonding surface with the adhesive being provided therebetween, and disposing the second surface at a predetermined height m from the measured height h to harden the adhesive at a portion between the element-substrate bonding surface and the element substrate.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a fluid ejection device includes a thin-film layer formed over a substrate, a chamber layer formed over the thin-film layer, the chamber layer defining a fluidic channel that leads to a firing chamber, a slot extending through the substrate and into the chamber layer through an ink feed hole in the thin-film layer, and a particle tolerant thin-film extension of the thin-film layer that protrudes into the slot from between the substrate and the chamber layer.

Abstract: An ink jet recording method is provided in which an ink jet head having a first nozzle array and a second nozzle array which is arranged along the first nozzle array, in which the distance between the first nozzle array and the second nozzle array is 15 mm or greater and a nozzle density of the first nozzle array and a nozzle density of the second nozzle array are 600 dpi or greater is used, and while varying the relative position of the ink jet head in a direction intersecting an array direction of the first nozzle array and the second nozzle array with respect to a recording medium, an ink composition is adhered to the recording medium by performing a scanning which discharges the ink composition at a frequency of 12 kHz or greater from nozzles in the first nozzle array and the second nozzle array.

Abstract: A control unit 6 of a printer 1 determines the combination of conditions of regular flushing that ejects ink into a maintenance unit 5, and onto-paper flushing that ejects ink onto printing paper P, based on the set print mode. To achieve the dot density defined by the selected combination, flushing dots Df are added to the input data 10 to be printed and are printed. When printing, regular flushing is executed at the frequency and strength determined by the selected combination of conditions.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a first heating unit which heats liquid ejected onto a medium for recording; a first collecting unit which is provided at a position facing a first face of the medium for recording at a portion at which a heating process is performed with respect to the liquid using the first heating unit; and a second collecting unit which is provided at a position facing a second face of the medium for recording at a portion at which the heating process is performed, in which the first collecting unit and the second collecting unit include a vapor collecting unit which collects vapor which is generated in the heating process from a vapor intake port, and a vapor liquefying unit which liquefies the collected vapor.

Abstract: An apparatus detects inoperative inkjets during printing of three-dimensional objects. The apparatus includes an optical sensor that generates measurements of a height, a diameter, and a position for test dots formed on a substrate with material ejected from a printhead. These measurements are analyzed to detect inoperative inkjets to enable printhead maintenance at appropriate times to maintain the operational status of the inkjets in the printhead.

Abstract: A printing system comprising two or more groups of ink, wherein each group of ink includes ink based upon a unique formulation. This enables a user to select an ink type for printing an image without requiring extra printers or replacement of printing components. Additionally, the user can print a single image using inks of two different base formulations. The system comprises at least two groups of ink storage containers, each group containing a group of ink volumes, each group of ink volumes having a unique ink base formulation. The system further comprises at least two groups of ink formulation specific print heads, each group being associated with the compatible ink formulation. A controller enables the user to selectively print an image using ink having one or more ink base formulations. The system can use any configuration of ink storage configurations and print heads arrangements.

Abstract: A fluid ejection device includes a fluid container having a fluid accommodation portion that has formed therein a fluid outlet and accommodates a fluid. A fluid pressing unit presses the fluid accommodation portion to cause the fluid to flow out of the fluid outlet. Connection piping has an end that is connected to the fluid outlet. A fluid ejection unit has a fluid intake port connected to the other end of the connection piping, and ejects in a pulsed manner the fluid received from the fluid intake port. A pressure detection unit detects pressure of the fluid accommodation portion when the fluid pressing unit presses the fluid accommodation portion, and outputs a level of a detection signal corresponding to the pressure. A press control unit stops the fluid pressing unit from pressing the fluid accommodation portion when the pressure indicated by the detection signal is a predetermined value or higher.

Abstract: A drop in the throughput of continuous printing operations caused by refilling a subtank with ink is suppressed. The control unit of an inkjet printer 1 fills subtanks 11a-11d with ink whenever ink consumption exceeds a reference volume q during continuous printing. Ink is suctioned by producing negative pressure in subtanks 11a-11d during the ink refill operation while ink continues being supplied to the inkjet head 7 from pressure adjustment chambers 13a-13d disposed between subtanks 11a-11d and inkjet head 7. Ink ejection from the inkjet head 7 can therefore continue even during the ink ref ill operation. By setting the volume of the pressure adjustment chambers 13a-13d greater than at least the amount of ink that is ejected during the ink refill operation, there is no need to interrupt printing in order to replenish the ink supply.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a liquid storage chamber capable of holding a liquid, a liquid communication pipe communicating with the liquid storage chamber and being configured to supply the liquid from a liquid tank to the liquid storage chamber by installing the liquid tank to the pipe to communicate with the liquid tank, a discharge port communicating with the liquid storage chamber to discharge the liquid, an electrode pair each having an outside end portion located outside the liquid storage chamber and detecting a liquid level of the liquid storage chamber, and an electric contact portion connected to the outside end portion of each of the electrode pair. The electric contact portion is located above the liquid communication pipe with a discharge port surface on which the discharge port opens taking a position facing perpendicularly downward.

Abstract: An ink tank includes: a reservoir that stores ink; a supply port that supplies ink stored in the reservoir to a printer; a supply port sealing member that seals the supply port; an air port that communicates between an inside of the reservoir and an atmospheric space above an upper side of a liquid surface of the ink; and an air port sealing member which a needle tube is capable of inserting and pulling out of, and which seals the air port in a state where the needle tube is not inserted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling light emission of an ink cartridge, a control unit, a circuit board, an ink cartridge and an imaging device, to decrease misjudgment rate of the imaging device. The control method includes: receiving and identifying a light emitting control instruction from the imaging device main body; starting a light-on delay timing when identifying the light emitting control instruction is a light-on instruction; controlling the light emitting unit of the ink cartridge to stop emitting light when identifying the light emitting control instruction is a light-off instruction; controlling the light emitting unit to emit light when detecting a timing value of the light-on delay timing reaches a delay threshold value. The present invention avoids misjudgment problem of unable to pass position detection due to light amount inconsistent caused by manufacturing errors of the light emitting unit, when setting a light-on delay timing.

Abstract: In a passage unit of a recording head, a first ink introduction port of a first reservoir and a second ink introduction port of a second reservoir are formed between the first and second reservoirs. The first and second ink introduction ports are formed at different positions in a nozzle line direction perpendicular to a main scanning direction and are formed to overlap each other in the main scanning direction.

Abstract: A printer with adhesive capabilities is presented. A printer includes one or more printing elements to image one or two sides of print media. The printer also includes an adhesive element to apply or activate adhesive material on at least one of the two sides of the print media.

Abstract: A decoloring apparatus includes a reading unit that reads a recording medium to generate a read result, a decoloring unit that decolors an image formed on the recording medium, and a control unit that determines a printable area of the recording medium based on the read result of the reading unit, and whether or not the image formed on the recording medium has been decolored.

Abstract: A color erasing apparatus according to an embodiment includes a color erasing unit that heats a recording medium having an image formed with a plurality of decolorable materials to a setting temperature. A controller sets the setting temperature of the color erasing unit to be lower than a highest color erasing temperature among plural color erasing temperatures of the plurality of decolorable materials, and to be equal to or higher than a lowest color erasing temperature among the plural erasing temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermal recording material having a thermosensitive layer comprising single phase diffuser polymer particles. Each of the diffuser polymer particles has a refractive index at the center thereof (RIcenter) different from a refractive index at the surface thereof (RIsurface), and a continuous refractive index gradient, sometimes referred to as GRIN technology. The diffuser polymer particles may have a RIcenter of from 1.46 to 1.61 and a particle size of 0.85 to 15 microns. Additionally, the thermal recording material of the present invention may also include heat deformable particles and a binder. The present invention also provides a method for providing an image by subjecting selected portions of a recording material such as that described above to a physical agent selected from the group consisting of heat, pressure, and combinations thereof, sufficient to reduce the opacity of said selected portions.

Abstract: A printing apparatus that is capable of obtaining density more than density that is obtained by repeating the same printing process a plurality of times without affecting resolution and tone expression. A printing unit prints an image by transferring ink to a printing sheet with a thermal head according to print data of a multiple value. A control unit controls the printing unit so as to change a maximum exothermic frequency in one dot according to a transfer frequency at the time of transferring ink of a same color a plurality of times to overlap, when an image is printed based on the print data by transferring ink of the same color the plurality of times to overlap.

Abstract: The object is to provide a thermal print head capable of improving printing quality on a medium. The Solution is to provide a base member 11 including a recess 113a, a heat storage region 2 formed in the recess 113a, a resistor layer 4 formed on the base member 11, and an electrode layer 3 formed on the base member 11 and electrically connected to the resistor layer 4. The resistor layer 4 includes a heating portion 41 spanned between two portions of the electrode layer 3 spaced from each other as viewed in a thickness direction Z of the base member 11. The heating portion 41 is located so as to overlap the recess 113a as viewed in the thickness direction Z. The base member 11 is made of a material having a thermal conductivity of 100 to 300 W/(m·K).

Abstract: Method for printing patterns onto three-dimensional articles mounted respectively on rotary receiving elements, including a step of generating, for each receiving element, a set of several digital images for respectively printing parts of a same pattern onto an article mounted on the receiving element, a step of printing successively parts of a same pattern onto a same article respectively from the digital images of the set associated with the receiving element for the article, the digital images of a same set having a same length, and a step of printing simultaneously several parts of distinct patterns respectively onto several articles, each simultaneous printing of a part of a pattern onto an article being performed from a digital image of the set associated with the receiving element for the article.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes: an elimination unit that includes a contact portion in contact with a medium containing a plasticizer and that eliminates at least a part of the plasticizer; and a liquid ejecting unit that ejects liquid onto the medium from which at least a part of the plasticizer is eliminated by the elimination unit. Here, the contact portion is adapted to contact the entire medium in the intersection direction intersecting the transportation direction of the medium and is formed such that the contact distance with respect to the medium in the transportation direction of the medium is different in the intersection direction and an SP value as a soluble parameter is 8.0 or more and 10.0 or less.

Abstract: Systems and methods for collapsible energy source in a drum dryer of a print system. One system includes a dryer with a thermally conductive drum to dry a colorant applied to a web of print media in contact with the drum. A radiant energy source disposed inside the drum includes segments that transfer heat to a surface of the drum. Each segment is attached to another segment about a hinge that allows the segments to pivot with respect to one another. A movement mechanism applies a force to the radiant energy source toward a center of the drum to cause the segments to pivot to a folded position with respect to one another, and applies a force to the radiant energy source toward the surface of the drum to cause the segments to pivot to expand with respect to a circumferential direction of the drum.

Abstract: A modification device includes: a plasma processing unit that performs plasma processing on a processed object such that a surface of the processed object has a predetermined water contact angle; and a cooling unit that cools the surface of the processed object at least from when the plasma processing is performed to when ink is discharged such that a surface temperature of the processed object during discharge of the ink to the processed object is a temperature at which a target water contact angle range is achieved.

Abstract: A sheet feeder, including: a sheet supply roller configured to supply a sheet to a sheet feeding path; a sheet feed roller configured to feed the sheet supplied to the sheet feeding path by the sheet supply roller to a downstream side in a sheet feeding direction in which the sheet is fed; a discharge roller configured to discharge the sheet fed by the feed roller to a downstream side in the sheet feeding direction; a drive motor configured to drive a first shaft for rotating the feed roller; a first transmitting mechanism configured to transmit a rotary motion of the first shaft to a second shaft for rotating the discharge roller; and a second transmitting mechanism configured to transmit a rotary motion of the second shaft to a third shaft for rotating the sheet supply roller.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present disclosure, a power conversion apparatus comprises a power motor and a power converter configured to selectively convert rotation power of the power motor into a gear train 340 for transferring and a gear train for cutting, respectively, depending on a rotation direction of the power motor. The power converter comprises a sun gear configured to receive power from the power motor, a planetary gear configured to receive a rotating force while being engaged with the sun gear and to selectively couple with the gear train for cutting and the gear train for transferring, respectively, a rotating link configured to constrain a position of the sun gear, and a pressing means configured increase an adhesion between the sun gear and the rotating link.

Abstract: A liquid discharging apparatus includes a discharge unit capable of discharging a liquid to a discharge region, a medium movement unit capable of moving in movement directions while supporting a medium onto which the liquid is discharged, a base unit that constitutes a movement path along which the medium movement unit moves, a detected unit, and a detector unit capable of detecting a position of the medium movement unit by detecting the detected unit. The detected unit and the detector unit are disposed so that the detected unit is detected by the detector unit when the medium movement unit is at a protrusion position at which a one direction-side end portion of the medium movement unit which is at a one direction side in the movement directions protrudes more toward the one direction side than does a one direction-side end portion of the base unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: a housing; a display whose display surface is provided on a front-surface side of the housing; an image forming unit provided in the housing and configured to form an image on a recording sheet; and an ejector configured to eject the recording sheet with the image formed thereon from inside to outside of the housing in a direction approaching the display surface.

Abstract: Articles each having a reference mark located around a respective extension axis, are loaded on piece-holder assemblies distributed around a central axis of a rotatable drum, and each including a pair of spindles operable in rotation by a same motor, each around a respective longitudinal axis. The drum rotates about said central axis to transfer said piece-holder assembly to a printing station, where a printing pattern is formed on a side surface of each article driven in rotation by the respective spindle. Before transferring to the printing station, at least one of the articles is oriented around the respective spindle, to place the reference marks of the articles along a same angular orientation around the respective extension axes.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a head; a scanning section; and a transport section. A first region is formed in the head between a nozzle formed at a first end and a first nozzle that is a first predetermined distance away, in the sub-scanning direction, from the nozzle formed at the first end. A second region is formed in the head between a nozzle formed at a second end and a second nozzle that is a second predetermined distance away, in the sub-scanning direction, from the nozzle formed at the second end. When the head, the scanning section, and the transport section form an image on the medium, a moving-average nozzle usage ratio within a region between the first region and the second region changes at a lower rate than moving-average nozzle usage ratios within the first region and the second region.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a first transport roller, and a second transport roller which transports a medium; and a liquid ejecting head which includes a plurality of nozzle openings, and ejects liquid toward the medium which is transported, a pressure generation unit which causes a change in pressure in liquid in a flow path, and a wiring board of which one face is arranged so as to face a direction in which the liquid is ejected, and is electrically connected to the pressure generation unit, in which the wiring board is arranged between the first transport roller and the second transport roller, and is arranged at a position at which the wiring board does not overlap with the first transport roller and the second transport roller and the first transport roller or the second transport roller is arranged at a position at which the roller overlaps with the liquid ejecting head.

Abstract: A paper ejector unit which transports paper printed by a printing mechanism of a printer along a transport path includes a paper accumulator provided ahead of an end-of-transport path on a downstream side in a transport direction of the paper, the paper accumulator accumulating the paper ejected from the end, a door which opens and closes between a closed condition in which the paper accumulator is separated from an outside and an open condition in which the paper accumulator communicates with the outside, and a door opening and closing controller which maintains the door in the closed condition with no reception of input of an opening operation signal which opens the door, and changes the door from the closed condition to the open condition with reception of the input of the opening operation signal.

Abstract: A printer including an optical moving amount calculator, an angle calculator, and a moving amount corrector is provided. The optical moving amount calculator calculates a moving amount of the printer or an object to be irradiated after a movement thereof, based on a difference in image data generated before and after the movement. The image data is generated by emitting light to the print medium or the object and receiving light reflected therefrom. The angle calculator calculates a deviation angle of an installation angle of the optical moving amount calculator installed in the printer, based on a calibration moving amount of the printer or the object after a calibration movement thereof that is a parallel translation. The moving amount corrector corrects the moving amount of the printer after the movement thereof, based on the calculated deviation angle of the optical moving amount calculator.

Abstract: A tape cartridge includes a printing tape, an ink ribbon, a platen roller that receives power from a tape feeding mechanism portion and faces a printing head portion so that the printing tape and the ink ribbon are provided between a platen roller and a printing head at a printing position, a cartridge casing that accommodates the printing tape, the ink ribbon, and the platen roller, an insertion opening that is provided on the cartridge casing and in which a head cover is inserted when the tape cartridge is installed on the cartridge installation portion, and a facing portion that is provided on an opening peripheral wall portion of the insertion opening and receives a convex portion to restrict a displacement of the tape cartridge in the cartridge installation portion.

Abstract: A tape cassette includes a cassette case, a tape roll housed in the cassette case, an arm portion that guides a tape, and a long hole extending in a left-right direction of the cassette case and formed straddling a center position of the cassette case in the left-right direction, wherein a first distance (a length of the long hole in the left-right direction) is larger than a second distance (a length from an end portion of the tape cassette in an opposite direction to a feed direction of the tape fed in the arm portion, to an end portion of the long hole in the opposite direction), and a center of gravity of the tape cassette is located in a specific area whose both end positions in the left-right direction are the same as those of the long hole, and which extends in a front-rear direction.

Abstract: A transfer medium manufacturing method for manufacturing a transfer medium in which a foil forming recording material containing metallic particles capable of being transferred onto a target has been applied to a base material includes: applying the foil forming recording material to the base material; and smoothing the surface of the foil forming recording material applied to the base material in the applying, the foil forming recording material being in a partially-melted state.

Abstract: A lithographic printing plate precursor includes a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order on a support, the photosensitive layer contains a sensitizing dye, a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable compound and a binder polymer, and the protective layer contains a polymer which has a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) as defined herein and a repeating unit represented by the formula (2) as defined herein in which a sum of the repeating unit represented by the formula (1) and the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) is 90% by mole or more based on total repeating units constituting the polymer.

Abstract: While a sheet on an intermediate processing tray is being processed, a plurality of sheets to be processed next are kept on standby by a standby portion arranged between the intermediate processing tray and a conveyance roller and a separation roller. When conveying the plurality of sheets that have been kept on standby in an overlapped state while successively shifting the sheets from each other in the sheet conveyance direction, the shift amount is successively reduced.

Abstract: To provide a sheet processing device that performs saddle stitching processing that binds a bundle of stacked paper sheets at a position around a center thereof and then folds in half the paper sheet bundle at the binding portion, the device being capable of selectively performing both saddle stitching using a metallic staple and saddle stitching not using the metallic staple for environmental protection and capable of reducing a size.

Abstract: An expandable pocket, including only a single sheet of material having A) a front panel, B) a back panel, C) a pleated spine extending along a pocket bottom and, on a first side, connected to the front panel along the front length and, on a second side, connected to the back panel along the back panel length, the spine further extending to form a first pocket side, and a second pocket side, D) a first wing connected to the spine or the front panel and, on a first face, secured to a front panel face, E) a second wing connected to the spine or the back panel and, on a first face, secured to a back panel face, F) a first back tab secured between the back panel and the second wing, and G) a first front tab secured between the front panel and the first wing.

Abstract: A binder arrangement comprising, a pair of binder covers pivotable about an axis into an opposed orientation, a single set of binder rings attached to said binder covers, a pair of hinges for pivoting said pair of covers into an opposed orientation; and a spine for separating said pair of binder covers, wherein said binder covers have a slot for slidably attaching said binder covers to said spine.