Abstract: A non-aqueous metal catalytic composition includes (a) a complex of silver and a hindered aromatic N-heterocycle comprising reducible silver ions in an amount of at least 2 weight %, (b) a silver ion photoreducing composition in an amount of at least 1 weight %, and (c) a photocurable component, a non-curable polymer, or a combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer. This non-aqueous metal catalytic composition can be used to form silver metal particles in situ during suitable reducing conditions. The silver metal can be provided in a suitable layer or pattern on a substrate, which can then be subsequently subjected to electroless plating to form electrically-conductive layers or patterns for use in various articles or as touch screen displays in electronic devices.

Abstract: Processes for separating conjunct polymer from an organic phase are described. A mixture comprising an ionic liquid phase and the organic phase into the ionic phase and an organic phase comprising the conjunct polymer and at least one silyl or boryl compound. The organic phase is separated in a fractionation column into an overhead fraction comprising unreacted silane or borane compound and a bottoms fraction comprising the conjunct polymer and the silyl or boryl compound. The bottoms fraction is passed through an adsorption zone, and the silyl or boryl compound is recovered. Alternatively, the organic phase is passed through an adsorption zone first to remove the conjunct polymer and then a fractionation zone to separate the unreacted silane or borane compound from the silyl or boryl compound.

Abstract: The present invention is an in-situ cleaning procedure for the recovery of catalytic activity of a based alumina HDS catalyst, molybdenum, nickel coated coke and contaminants and it has an HDS activity seriously diminished. The catalyst under study had between 13 and 18 wt % total carbon. Reformate, half the total volume, industrial toluene=35 volume % and Iso-propylic alcohol, 15 volume %, in order to reactivate a deactivated catalyst, a solvent mixture with the following volumetric ratio is prepared. Or it can also be used only reformate (100% volume). The solvent mixture is passed using a LHSV of 2 hr?1 for 72 hours at 50° C. or also using a recirculating three 24-hour cycles at 50° C. Option lasts 24 hours pure reformate LHSV=2h?1 to 50° C. The washed catalyst is fed back to the load reaction conditions maintained for 36 hours at 340° C., to initiate HDS activity balances. During this treatment oxides of molybdenum and nickel in the active phase are re-sulfided by increasing the HDS activity.

Abstract: A cross-linked anionic polyelectrolyte resulting from the polymerization, for 100 mol %: (i) of a proportion no smaller than 30 mol % and smaller than 99.5 mol % monomer units from a monomer having a partially or totally salified strong acid function; (ii) of a proportion no smaller than 0.5 mol % and no greater than 5 mol % monomer units from at least one monomer having Formula (I): CH2?CH(CH3)—C(=0)-OR1 (I), wherein Ri is an alkyl radical including 6 to 18 carbon atoms; (iii) of a proportion greater than 0 mol % and no greater than 5 mol % monomer units from at least one diethylene or polyethylene cross-linking monomer; and (iv) optionally, of a proportion smaller than 69.5 mol % monomer units from a neutral monomer. Also, a method for preparing the polyelectrolyte and to the use thereof as a thickener in topical compositions.

Abstract: Provided in part herein are static-defeating apparatus for use in multipipettor systems. Multiple pipette tips can be retained by a static-defeating sheet of material. A multipipettor, having multiple pipettes or nozzles, can engage the pipette tips retained by the sheet. After use, the multipipettor can eject the pipette tips, which sometimes are ejected as a single unit due to the pipette tips being retained by the sheet. In certain embodiments, an apparatus includes a snap plate having one or more holes, and a base rack for ease of mounting.

Abstract: A lateral flow assay test device providing a structure for the lateral flow assay reactions provides for a continuous flow path of bibulous material provided in separate but contiguous regions of the device in which the bibulous layers are in fluid contact with each other thereby providing flow control of the timing and speed of the assay reaction. Increased flow control results in increasing reliability of use, increasing sophistication of reactions and increases the range of molecules or diagnosis that can be identified. Such flow control can extend processing times and allow users or test givers to manually delay test processing providing enhanced test results.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for the directed capillary transport of liquids, comprising at least two capillaries (8, 9, 33, 54, 55), the at least two capillaries (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) being designed such that the liquid can be transported in at least some regions in a passive, directed and capillary manner, characterised in that at least two of the capillaries (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) are interconnected in the direction of transport of the liquid via at least one capillary passage conduit (20, 23, 28, 29, 34, 40, 41, 59, 63). The invention is intended for use in the separation of components from a fluidic substance and/or in oil/water separation. A production method is characterised in that at least one part of the capillary structure is generated by means of laser irradiation, by means of a moulding tool, in particular a sintering mould, by means of a milling process, in particular by means of a micro-milling process, or by means of EDM.

Abstract: An interface is provided for storing microfluidic samples in a nanoliter sample chip. A fluid access structure provides a fluid access region to a selected subset of sample wells from an array of sample wells. A fluid introduction mechanism introduces a sample fluid to the fluid access region so that the sample wells in the selected subset are populated with the sample fluid without the unselected sample wells being populated with the sample fluid.

Abstract: A microfluidic device and method comprises a rotatable substrate configured to be rotated at various angular velocities in order to accomplish a series of media exchanges with a sample chamber for containing a sample. A plurality of media reservoirs and waste reservoirs are connected to the sample chamber via channels forming capillary valves in which the capillary valves have varying burst frequencies of rotation of the substrate. The substrate can then be rotated through a series of angular velocities to automate media exchanges between the sample chamber and the respective media reservoirs and waste reservoirs. A pair of media reservoirs are located radially inward of the sample chamber and a pair of waste reservoirs are located radially outward of the sample chamber in an “X” configuration such that centrifugal forces cause fluid media to open the capillary valves and flow among the sample chamber, media reservoirs and waste reservoirs.

Abstract: A rigid mask protects selective portions of a chip including a plurality of wells for biochemical reactions. The rigid mask includes a supporting portion and a plurality of legs, where each leg is provided with a rigid stem and a plate. The plurality of legs are arranged and fixed with respect to the supporting portion in a way aligned to the spatial arrangement of the wells, and are configured in such a way that, when each leg is inserted into the corresponding well, the respective plate covers at least in part the bottom of the well, protecting it during a chemical/physical treatment of side walls of the wells.

Abstract: A microfluidic flow cell having a dry substance arranged within the flow cell in a cavity for interaction with a fluid located in the cavity. A passage opens into the cavity and a carrier element that can be inserted into the passage is provided with a carrier surface for the dry substance, adjoining the cavity.

Abstract: A microfluidic device, for use in separation systems, includes a substrate having a fluidic channel. One or more heaters made of a thick film material are integrated with the substrate and in thermal communication with the fluidic channel of the substrate. The one or more heaters produce a thermal gradient within the fluidic channel in response to a current flowing through the one or more heaters. A plurality of electrically conductive taps can be in electrically conductive contact with the one or more heaters. The plurality of electrically conductive taps provides an electrically conductive path to the one or more heaters by which an electrical supply can produce the current flowing through the one or more heaters. Alternatively, the thick film material can be ferromagnetic, and the electrical supply can use induction to cause the current to flow through the one or more heaters.

Abstract: Provided is a flow cell for nucleic acid analysis used for a sequence reaction with photocleavable nucleotides where an efficiency of the photocleaving reaction can be enhanced and noise upon florescence detection can be mitigated, thereby improving the accuracy of sequencing, shortening a runtime, and extending a read length. The flow cell for nucleic acid analysis includes a first substrate 101 provided with an optical filter 102 reflecting first light for changing a chemical structure of a substance in a flow passage, a hollow sheet 103 having a hollow portion for forming the flow passage, and a second substrate 105 transmitting the first light, in which the first substrate, the hollow sheet, and the second substrate are attached to each other.

Abstract: A valve for a fluidic cartridge is provided. The valve comprises a valve cavity having first and second openings connected to first and second passageways, respectively; and a flexible membrane within the valve cavity, the flexible membrane having a first portion actuatable to seal against the first opening and a second portion actuatable to seal against the second opening; wherein the valve cavity is configured such that the first flexible membrane portion may be actuated independently of the second flexible membrane portion to enable the first opening to be sealed independently of the second.

Abstract: Microfluidic devices and methods that use cells such as cancer cells, stem cells, blood cells for preprocessing, sorting for various biodiagnostics or therapeutical applications are described. Microfluidics electrical sensing such as measurement of field potential or current and phenomena such as immiscible fluidics, inertial fluidics are used as the basis for cell and molecular processing (e.g., characterizing, sorting, isolation, processing, amplification.) of different particles, chemical compositions or biospecies (e.g., different cells, cells containing different substances, different particles, different biochemical compositions, proteins, enzymes etc.). Specifically, the present invention discloses a number of sorting schemes for stem cells, whole blood and circulating tumor cells, and extracting serum from whole blood.

Abstract: A microfluidic system comprises a liquid reservoir containing a liquid and having a capillary pipe opening. The microfluidic system also comprises an elongated bar having a proximal end contacting the liquid reservoir in the opening, a distal section at which a micro-droplet is formed, and a middle section continuously maintaining thereon a liquid bridge between the reservoir and the micro-droplet.

Abstract: An article for forming emulsion droplets includes a body having an inlet port, an outlet, and a reservoir configured to receive both an aqueous phase and an organic phase through the inlet port. By applying a force to the contents of the reservoir, an aqueous phase stream and a separate organic phase stream from the reservoir are generated and later combined to form emulsion droplets which are dispensed through the outlet, typically into a receptacle for analysis or further processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermal cycling device comprising: a sample location; a first heating means, wherein advantageously said first heating means is a contact heating means; a second heating means, wherein said second heating means is configured to bring said sample to a second temperature by directing electromagnetic radiation to the first light pipe section end and the light pipe section is configured to direct said electromagnetic radiation through its second end to the sample location, its uses and methods based thereon.

Abstract: Apparatus to deliver predetermined forces, containers to hold particulate material and media, media, and the associated parameters for operating such equipment along with methods and compositions provided by the apparatus and methods.

Abstract: An organizational recycling assembly is disclosed that includes a housing having a shredding assembly disposed within a recyclable waste channel. The shredding assembly is operable to shred and/or crush a piece of consumer waste. The shredding assembly is upstream of at least one waste distribution divider, and a plurality of waste containers disposed below a plurality of recyclable waste distribution channels. At least one button is coupled to the housing and is operably configured to selectively move the at least one waste distribution divider to an open position fluidly coupling the recyclable waste channel to at least one of the first recyclable waste distribution channel and the second recyclable waste distribution channel. The open position results in an alternative recyclable waste distribution channel being sealed from the recyclable waste channel. The waste distribution dividers open and close based on a type of consumer waste selected by a user.

Abstract: A mineral material processing plant includes a frame, and a crusher and a screen which are supported on the frame, and a conveyor which is, in an operation position, arranged to discharge material which is fed into the plant to said crusher or screen. The conveyor includes separate first conveyor and second conveyor which are connectable successively to a transport connection, and the first conveyor is arranged to be moved to a transport position mainly to a first side of the crusher, and the second conveyor is fixed above the screen to be moved with the screen to the transport position mainly to a second side of the crusher. A method for operating a processing plant is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating a target element from a mixed material uses a barrel with one or more helical threads on its surface. The barrel is rotated as the mixed material is introduced into the barrel via a hopper. A water nozzle sprays the mixed material as the mixed material is added so that the target element moves towards the top of the barrel while other parts of the mixed materials are washed towards the bottom. In some embodiments the barrel is made of a color that contrasts the target material.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for a wall plug-in ion generator device that includes a base, a housing selectively secured to the base, at least one electrode for generating ions, a fan disposed within the housing, and a power supply for providing voltage to the at least one electrode for producing ions.

Abstract: In a method for recovering a copper sulfide concentrate by froth flotation from an ore containing an iron sulfide, hydrogen peroxide is added to the conditioned mineral pulp before or during flotation, a concentration of dissolved oxygen is determined in the mineral pulp after addition of hydrogen peroxide and the amount of hydrogen peroxide added is adjusted to maintain a concentration of dissolved oxygen of from 1 to 5 times a predetermined target concentration, in order to adjust the amount of hydrogen peroxide to changes in ore composition.

Abstract: A method and system for buoyant separation of a target constituent of a sample, the method comprising: at a process chamber, combining a volume of substrates having a first density with the sample, thereby producing a population of target-bound complexes comprising the target constituent bound to at least a portion of the volume of substrates; within the process chamber, physically separating the population of target-bound complexes from the sample based upon interaction between the volume of substrates and an applied force; aggregating the population of target-bound complexes at a collection region of the process chamber; extracting the population of target-bound complexes from the process chamber; and processing the target constituent from the population of target-bound complexes for further analysis.

Abstract: The present patent application discloses a fluid switching apparatus. The fluid switching apparatus includes a positioning device, a second rotor, a first rotor, and a button which is mounted on a side of the first rotor. The positioning device, the second rotor and the first rotor are arranged coaxially from left to right. Two or more nozzles are arranged circumferentially on the positioning device. A plurality of blocks is provided on the second rotor. As the rotation of the second rotor, the blocks may sequentially block different nozzles. The button is used for driving the first rotor to rotate. The first rotor drives the second rotor to rotate. The transmission of the first rotor and the second rotor is unidirectional.

Abstract: Nozzle for thermal spray gun, thermal spray gun and method for forming nozzle. Nozzle includes a nozzle body having a central bore and an exterior surface structured for insertion into a thermal spray gun and a water coolable surface coating applied onto at least a portion of the exterior surface. The water coolable surface coating is structured to protect the exterior surface from a chemical interaction with cooling water guided through the thermal spray gun.

Abstract: A controller for a nozzle, in particular, a nozzle of a rinsing head of an inspection or cleaning system is provided, wherein a setting means made from a shape memory member is assigned to the nozzle, by means of which an operational state (open/closed), a cross section of the fluid outlet opening of the nozzle, or an outlet angle of the fluid being discharged from the nozzle are adjustable.

Abstract: A system capable of depositing a matrix film containing a low amount of impurities (e.g. neutral particles) is provided. The system includes: a first plate electrode 120 having an attachment surface on which a sample plate P is to be attached; a second plate electrode 130 arranged so as to face the attachment surface; a nozzle 110 for spraying a liquid containing a matrix substance into the space between the two electrodes 120 and 130 by an electrospray method, the nozzle 110 arranged so that none of the electrodes 120 and 130 lies on the central axis A of a spray flow of the liquid; and an electric field creator 140 for creating, between the two electrodes 120 and 130, an electric field for forcing electrically charged droplets contained in the spray flow of the liquid containing the matrix substance to move toward the attachment surface.

Abstract: A control method for a two-component spray system having first and second pumps for separate fluid components includes registering a target spray pressure, registering a target primary-to-secondary spray component flow ratio, sensing an output pressure of the first pump, controlling the first pump to a first speed set via a proportional-integral-derivative loop using the sensed output pressure and the target spray pressure, and controlling the second pump to a second speed equal to the first speed multiplied by the target primary-to-secondary spray component flow ratio.

Abstract: An injector head for delivering particulate material from a feeder source to a receiver is fitted with a plurality of splitter bars extending generally laterally from the sidewalls thereof into the space through which particulate material is fed as it flows into a receiver. Spray nozzles mounted to said sidewalls below said splitter bars spray coating material generally laterally relative to said sidewalls and generally laterally relative to the length of said splitter bars so as to coat particulate material as it passes over and to the sides and ends of said splitter bars.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to improvements related to the generation of aerosols and outlines an apparatus and methods which supports deagglomeration and counteracts reagglomeration of aerosol particles. The apparatus is provided with an arrangement of inlet conduits for pressurized gas that promote transportation with a rotational flow towards an exit conduit. In order to further support production of high quality aerosols, the apparatus can be provided with an impactor aligned with the exit conduit with at least one impacting surface that minimizes formation of impact residues.

Abstract: A LED-illuminated water spraying gun may include a spray gun, a cover body, a base, a LED light, a diversion piece, and a water cover. The base has a first chamber and a second chamber, and a through hole is formed between the first chamber and the second chamber, and the power generator of the LED light can be disposed inside the first chamber and a shaft of the power generator is protruding into the second chamber. A plurality rotating blades are connected to the shaft, and by rotating the blade with water flow, the power generator can further power the LED light. A diversion hole that is outside of first chamber of the base is connected to the second chamber and the water cover covers the base of the cover body. By rotating the water cover, different types of water spraying holes can be selected.

Abstract: An LED-illuminated water spraying gun may include a water spraying gun, a fixed sleeve, a nozzle, an illumination device and a movable sleeve, which the nozzle has assembly hole to set the LED lamp on, and set power generating device on holding chamber. It can let the power generating device's rotary disc on shaft can be rotated by water flow, and let the LED lamp can generate illumination at movable sleeve's guide ring, which movable sleeve's forth thread lock on nozzle's third thread, it makes water flow can flow through from nozzle's side hole to movable sleeve's through hole, and can adjust the hole to spray the water. The movable sleeve can move and make adjusting hole move between nozzle's ring part and tapered part, which can change the spray and the move will not influence the LED lamp.

Abstract: A dispenser device including a dispenser head (1), an outlet (10); an air expeller (20), and a reservoir (30). The reservoir includes an air inlet (31) connected to the air expeller and a composition outlet (32) connected to the dispenser outlet. The air inlet includes a composition retainer member (40), and the composition outlet (32) is closed by a closure element (50) force fitted in the composition outlet. A mechanical opening system (61, 62) co-operates with the closure element (50) to expel it. The reservoir removably mounted on the air expeller, so that after actuation, the empty reservoir can be removed and replaced. The air expeller is returned to its rest position while an empty reservoir is replaced. A breakable part (70) is assembled on the reservoir and/or the dispenser head and includes an indicator element (71) connected by a breakable bridge (72).

Abstract: A manually operated pump (1) for dispensing a fluid substance in which the movable element (16) of the delivery valve has an at least partially conical surface adapted to be coupled with a corresponding surface of a seat of the delivery valve, in a manner so as to be fit therein due to the action of the spring (10) that loads the movable element (16).

Abstract: The invention relates to a soap dispenser that is designed to be mounted on a vertical surface such as a wall. More particularly, the soap dispenser defines a reservoir that is designed to accept bulk quantities of soap. The soap is dispensed from the top of the reservoir by a pump.

Abstract: Dentifrice dispenser (1), comprising: an elongate container (10) defining a chamber (14) storing a dentifrice and having an opening (16) through which the dentifrice is dispensable from the chamber (14); a pump for pumping the dentifrice from the chamber (14) to an exterior of the container (10) through the opening (16); and an elongate handle (20) movably attached to the container (10) to operate the pump; wherein a longitudinal axis of the elongate handle (20) is at an angle of between 0 and 60 degrees to a longitudinal axis of the container (10) when the elongate handle (20) is at a rest position. Kit comprising the dentifrice dispenser (1) and a mount for attaching a toothbrush to the dentifrice dispenser (1).

Abstract: A foamer dispenser including a mesh filter that is disposed in a mixture flow path of a jet ring to allow a mixture to pass is provided. A connecting flow path area between a liquid flow path and the mixture flow path and a connecting flow path area between an ambient air flow path and the mixture flow path have the relation 2.8?S1/S2?3.8, and/or, a smallest flow path area of the mixture flow path is located on an immediately upstream side of the mesh filter, and the smallest flow path area and a flow path area of the mesh filter have the relation 4?S4/S3?10.3.

Abstract: A method for a system having a plurality of primary fluid sources and a fluid output with a common pump includes halting pumping of a first fluid, isolating the common pump from the fluid output and the primary fluid sources, connecting an inlet of the common pump to a solvent source and an outlet of the common pump to a waste fluid dump, actuating the common pump first in a pumping mode, then in a recirculation mode, and then in a flush mode, connecting an inlet of the common pump to a second primary fluid source, and an outlet of the common pump to the output line, and starting pumping mode pumping of a second fluid from the second primary fluid source through the output line.

Abstract: The invention refers to devices which utilize periodic blast waves for dispersion of liquids, when these waves are created in the supersonic gas jet upon its slowing down by the hollow resonator. The technical outcome of the invention is the increased dispersity of the produced drops. The technical result is achieved by the installation of the resonator inside the body of the pneumoacoustic atomizer of liquids, which create (at the distance l from the deflector) the groove which width is ? and the depth is h. The internal part of the resonator is shaped as the conical funnel of the outlet diameter dk. Diffusion element has been attached to the conical funnel. The inlet channel for liquids was made as the nipple. The diameter of the critical cross section has been selected based on the condition providing that one of the lateral resonances must be obtained at the operational frequency of the gas jet generator.

Abstract: An aerosol generator (100) has a vibratable plate (1) with apertures therein and an annular piezo (2) which causes movement of the vibratable plate (1). An annular support member (3) supports the piezo (2) and the vibratable plate (1). A first electrical power conducting pin (10) engages directly with a first, top, surface of the piezo (2). A second electrical power conducting pin (11) indirectly conducts electrical power to a second surface of the piezo (2), by contacting an extension tab (103) of the support member (20), also on its top side. There is a film of cured epoxy adhesive on the tab (103), providing excellent gripping force between the pin (11) and the support (3). The aerosol generator (100) avoids need for soldered joints for electrical contact, and the pins are conveniently mounted parallel to each on the on the same lateral and top side of the piezo and support member. The pins may have multi-point tips (50) for particularly effective electrical contact.

Abstract: There is provided a coating method which can apply a coating solution uniformly onto a substrate surface while reducing the amount of the coating solution supplied. The coating method for applying a coating solution onto a wafer includes the steps of: supplying a solvent for the coating solution onto the wafer to form an annular liquid film of the solvent in a peripheral area of the wafer; supplying the coating solution to the center of the wafer while rotating the wafer at a first rotational speed (time t1-t2); and allowing the coating solution to spread on the wafer by rotating the wafer at a second rotational speed which is higher than the first rotational speed (time t4-t5). The supply of the solvent is continued until just before the coating solution comes into contact with the liquid film of the solvent (time t0-t3).

Abstract: A coating device is provided, and includes a coater and an electrical field generator. The coater contains a slurry or ink and has an outlet. The slurry or ink is coated on a substrate through the outlet. The substrate is disposed adjacent to the outlet, and loads the slurry or ink from the outlet of the coater to form a wet film. The electrical field generator is disposed under the substrate and provides the electrical field, and thus the wet film stacks tightly on the substrate due to the attraction of the electrical field.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nozzle for a silicon container, in which scrapers are horizontally and perpendicularly provided at the front end of the nozzle, thereby preventing silicon from unintentionally spreading during the application of silicon. The nozzle for a silicon container includes: a nozzle body configured to provide a discharge path for silicon discharged from a nozzle container; and a horizontal scraper disposed on the nozzle body, and configured to prevent silicon, discharged from the nozzle body, from unintentionally spreading; wherein the horizontal scraper is horizontally disposed along a longitudinal direction of the nozzle body, and is formed to protrude to left, right, and front sides of the nozzle body. The present invention has advantages in that the waste of silicon is prevented and also work efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A dispensing gun assembly includes a frame, a rod, a piston, a driver, a trigger, and a linkage. The rod slideably connects with the frame for linear movement with respect to the frame. The piston connects with the rod for movement with the rod. The driver selectively engages with the rod to move the rod in a linear direction when engaged with the rod. The trigger slideably connects with the frame. The linkage connects the trigger with the driver such that linear movement of the trigger with respect to the frame in a rearward direction results in the driver engaging the rod and linear movement of the rod and the piston in a forward direction.

Abstract: A mask frame assembly includes a frame and a mask including a pattern portion having a pattern hole and a shape memory alloy portion. A method of manufacturing a mask frame assembly includes forming a pattern portion having a pattern hole and a shape memory alloy portion on a mask, the shape memory alloy portion extending in a first direction at a deposition temperature, and coupling the mask to a frame by extending the mask at a room temperature in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: An attachment coating method including, mixing a conductive attachment into an insulating liquid, immersing an attachment target in the insulating liquid in which the attachment is mixed, and applying ultrasonic vibration to the insulating liquid in which the attachment target is immersed and causing friction between the attachment target and the attachment to charge the attachment target and the attachment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water-based coating and/or coating system that can be used to form sag resistant wet layers or coatings on a wide range of substrates. The coating system is particularly effective for protecting metal-containing substrates, such as intermodal cargo containers, against corrosion. As an overview, the present invention provides water-based compositions suitable to form primer coats on substrates. Desirably, the primer incorporates a high level of one or more CAS agents for excellent sag resistance while drying in a broad range of relative humidity environments. Alternatively, modifications can be made to control temperature and humidity during spray application and drying as a way to increase sag resistance of the coating.

Abstract: Provided herein are multi-layered structures comprising coated substrates, and methods for producing the layered structures provided. Coatings according to the disclosure are provided in greatly reduced time frames as compared to coatings of the prior art. Coating structures as provided herein can be applied to a substrate such as a garage floor, a truck bed, railcar, seatainer, tractor-trailers and the like within a single day, and are sufficiently cured to withstand heavy traffic such as motorized vehicle traffic in as little as two hours after application of the polymer precursor layer material employed.