Abstract: A shroud sealing arrangement for a gas turbine engine, which comprises a static shroud assembly mounted to an engine case and having a platform surrounding a rotatable airfoil array. The platform has an inner side and an outer side and extends from a leading edge to a trailing edge. A shroud support structure mounts the shroud platform to the case. A circumferential groove is defined on the outer side of the shroud platform proximal to one of the leading edge and the trailing edge. A sealing ring is set in the groove and adapted to seal cooling air from escaping directly to the gas path.

Abstract: A turbine component including a first frame and a second frame coupled to the first frame. The second frame includes an impingement hole to direct a fluid at the first frame.

Abstract: A component for a turbomachine includes an annular body defining an inner diameter portion and an outer diameter portion, and a crack guiding slot defined in a surface of the annular body extending from the inner diameter portion radially outward toward the outer diameter portion or extending from the outer diameter portion radially inward toward the inner diameter portion. The outer diameter portion can be mountable to a stationary structure of a turbomachine. The inner diameter portion can be mountable to a turbine vane.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes sealing systems comprising a secondary seal with one or more of a knife edge seal and a discourager. The secondary seal may act to isolate an interface between an inner and outer shaft and a bearing compartment. The inner and outer shafts may be high pressure compressor and low pressure turbine shafts, respectively.

Abstract: A device for protecting against oil leaks towards the rotors of a turbomachine turbine includes an upstream cavity in which an oil/air mixture can circulate, the upstream cavity being delimited downstream by a journal of the turbine rotor and on the outside by a sealing flange of the journal extending axially in an upstream direction, a downstream cavity opening towards the discs of the turbine and communicating with the upstream cavity via a plurality of ventilation holes provided in the journal, and an upstream annular deflector fixed to the sealing flange of the journal and extending radially inwards towards the ventilation holes The upstream deflector has oil passage ports provided at the end of same secured to the sealing flange of the journal.

Abstract: A method of maintaining a gas-turbine engine is provided. The method includes the steps of removing a conduit from the gas-turbine engine, installing a temporary oil filter in place of the conduit in the gas-turbine engine, and starting the gas-turbine engine with the temporary oil filter installed. A fan-drive gear system is also provided and comprises a journal bearing, a main oil pump fluidly coupled to the journal bearing, a main oil filter fluidly coupled between the journal bearing and the main oil pump, and an auxiliary oil pump fluidly coupled to the journal bearing. The auxiliary oil pump may be configured to supply oil to the journal bearing on startup. An auxiliary oil filter may also be installed between the auxiliary oil pump and the journal bearing.

Abstract: There is proposed a fan casing arrangement for a gas turbine engine (10) of a type having a propulsive fan (12), the fan casing arrangement being configured to circumscribe the fan (12) and having a fan case (24) and a fan track liner. The fan track liner is provided around the inside of the fan case (24) so as to adopt a radial position between the fan (12) and the fan case (24), and the arrangement is configured such that the fan track liner includes a liner ring (25) which is radially outwardly biased against the inside of the fan case (24). A related method of installing a fan track liner in a gas turbine engine is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a liner for a turbomachinery case includes overlaying a reinforcing layer and a release layer. The method also includes spiral coiling the reinforcing layer and the release layer about the axis of the liner such that a radially inner surface of the release layer radially overlays a radially outer surface of the reinforcing layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a turbine engine casing (1), characterised in that said method includes the steps of: manufacturing (E1) a plurality of sectors (2), at least one portion of the sectors (2) being manufactured by casting and including, on the surface thereof, fastening elements (3) produced during the casting step, assembly bands (8) being produced at the ends of the sectors (2) during the step of manufacturing the sectors (2) by casting, by means of which the sectors (2) can be assembled; and assembling (E2) the sectors (2) end-to-end such as to form a ring (5) of the casing (1). The invention also relates to a turbine engine casing (1).

Abstract: A fan casing for a gas turbine includes an improved clipping member for attaching various fan case externals and units. The clipping member may include I-Shaped or C-shaped cross sectional stiffened rib sections that afford enhanced load carrying capabilities while providing mounting surfaces for being connected to structures of the fan case. The I-Shaped or C-Shaped cross sectional stiffened rib also affords an enhanced natural frequency tuning characteristic. Hardware may be formed within the clipping member and become an integral part of the structure which may be tuned to specific design preferences.

Abstract: A support block for a steam turbine casing, a related assembly and apparatus. Various embodiments include a steam turbine casing support block having: a body portion sized to substantially fill a pocket in a steam turbine casing, the body portion having a greater length than a depth or a width; a set of tabs extending from the body portion, each of the set of tabs sized to substantially fill a corresponding slot in the steam turbine casing, wherein the set of tabs are located at a radially outwardly facing wall of the body portion; and a pin hole on a bottom surface of the body portion for receiving a retaining member.

Abstract: A containment arrangement for a gas turbine engine comprises: a radially outer annular casing (12); a fan track liner (28) radially within the casing comprising: an impact region (30) comprising a cellular material having a first compressive strength; at least one elongate ridge portion (26) extending through the impact region in a direction having an axial component, the ridge portion having a second compressive strength higher than the first compressive strength; and a gas-washed layer (38) radially within the fan track liner.

Abstract: A pre-diffuser of an inner diffuser case of a gas turbine engine may comprise an annular outer wall and an annular inner wall radially inside of the annular outer wall to define a passage for primary airflow therebetween. The pre-diffuser may further comprise at least one strut extending radially between the annular inner wall and the annular outer wall and at least one aperture formed in the strut that extends radially through the strut, the annular inner wall, and the annular outer wall. The pre-diffuser may further comprise at least one hollow cavity formed in the strut, and the hollow cavity may be separate from the aperture.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine mid-turbine frame includes an annular case that has a hole. A tie rod with a first end extends through the hole. The first end includes a threaded portion. A nut is secured to the threaded portion to clamp the tie rod to the annular case. A tab washer is arranged between the nut and the annular case. The tab washer interlocks the nut to the case to prevent relative rotation therebetween.

Abstract: A hollow portion is formed inside a stator blade, and a slit, extending in a height direction b of the stator blade, opens to a surface of the stator bade and is in communication with the hollow portion. The slit is carved on the surface of the stator blade and includes a recess portion being flat and having a long side extending in the height direction b of the stator blade, and at least one through hole which opens to the bottom surface of the recess portion and to the hollow portion. In a projection plane to which a cross section of the slit is projected in the height direction of the stator blade, an area of the inlet opening c of the through hole opening to the bottom surface occupies a part of a projection width of the recess portion.

Abstract: A rotating gas turbine blade is disclosed which includes an airfoil with a suction side and a pressure side, the airfoil extending in a radial direction from a blade root to a blade tip. The blade tip includes a tip shroud, the airfoil having internal cooling passages for a cooling medium, which extend through the tip shroud. Outlet ports are provided above a selected internal airfoil cooling passage for the cooling medium to be ejected above the tip shroud in a direction of the blade's pressure side. Dust accumulation is avoided at the tip end of the selected internal cooling passage.

Abstract: A turbine condenser includes an area with condenser tubes for liquefying waste steam from the steam turbine, a chamber formed by condenser walls for receiving the waste steam, and a diverted steam channelling system for channelling diverted steam into the chamber in the turbine condenser, wherein the diverted steam channelling system includes an annular nozzle extending into the turbine condenser, the outlet end of which has an uneven edge.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an exhaust chamber cooling apparatus measures output of a generator driven by a steam turbine, a temperature in an exhaust chamber of the turbine, and a pressure in a condenser that changes steam from the turbine back to water. The apparatus further outputs a first signal when it is detected that a measurement value of the output is larger than a first setting value and a measurement value of the temperature is larger than a second setting value, and a second signal when it is detected that the measurement value of the output is smaller than the first setting value and a measurement value of the pressure or a calculation value obtained from the measurement value of the pressure is larger than a third setting value. The apparatus further controls supply of a cooling fluid into the chamber, based on the first or second signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermodynamic circuit process device comprising a working medium having a lubricant additive; an expansion machine (5) for converting enthalpy in the working medium into mechanical energy; a multi-stage pressure-increasing apparatus (1) for the step-by-step pressurisation of the working medium; a means (4) for branching a part of the working medium between two stages of the multi-stage pressure-increasing apparatus (1); and a means (4) for feeding the branched off part of the working medium to one or a plurality of bearing points of the expansion machine. The invention further relates to a corresponding method for lubricating an expansion machine in a thermodynamic circuit process device.

Abstract: A process for repairing a section of a rotatable shaft is disclosed. The section of the rotatable shaft has a surface portion having a surface parallel to an axis of rotation of the rotatable shaft and axial ends perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotatable shaft. The process includes preparing a well region extending over a perimeter of the section and extending downward in the surface portion, depositing material into the well region to fill the well region using a welding process and displacing a portion of the material that was deposited in the well region. The well region has a bottom portion that is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation and includes opposing sidewalls. Each sidewall extends proximate to the axial ends of the rotatable shaft and directly adjoins a remaining portion of the surface portion.

Abstract: A control method using a continuous variable duration apparatus provided to adjust opening duration of an intake valve of an engine includes: determining a reduction amount of a compression ratio to prevent knocking, when knocking of an engine is expected, setting a desired effective compression ratio required for the reduction amount of the effective compression ratio, setting desired duration for the set desired effective compression ratio, and controlling duration of the intake valve on the basis of the set desired duration.

Abstract: A piston machine including: a crankshaft; a cylinder defining an internal chamber; a piston positioned in the chamber, the piston being connected to the crankshaft and being configured to reciprocate inside the chamber; a head attached to the cylinder and closing the chamber at an end opposing the piston. The head includes at least one port group including ports for allowing fluid communication between the chamber and a respective manifold; and for each port group, a valve arrangement coupled to the head, each valve arrangement including, a valve for operatively controlling fluid flow through the respective port and a bridge coupled to the valves, wherein movement of the bridge relative to the head causes synchronised operation of the valves; and, an actuator for causing the bridge to move based on the reciprocation of the piston.

Abstract: A method for reducing noise in an engine is disclosed whereby a camshaft phaser is modified by a lockout to limit the movement of the phaser during operation. The lockout is inserted into the phaser's gear without removing the front engine cover using a novel method.

Abstract: A camshaft phaser includes an input member; an output member defining a phasing advance chamber and a phasing retard chamber with the input member; and a rotary valve spool coaxially disposed within the output member such that the rotary valve spool is rotatable relative to the output member and the input member, the valve spool defining a rotary valve spool advance chamber and a rotary valve spool retard chamber. Oil supplied to the rotary valve spool advance chamber causes the rotary valve spool to rotate relative to the output member and relative to the input member in a retard direction and oil supplied to the rotary valve spool retard chamber causes the rotary valve spool to rotate relative to the output member and relative to the input member in an advance direction.

Abstract: A valve opening and closing timing control device includes a vane selectively moving a relative rotational phase of a driven-side rotary member relative to a driving-side rotary member between a retarded direction and an advance direction, an intermediate lock mechanism being switchable between a lock state and an unlock state, and a phase control portion performing a control of a supply of a fluid to a retard chamber and a discharge of the fluid from an advance chamber, or a control of a discharge of the fluid from the retard chamber and a supply of the fluid to the advance chamber, in order for a lock member to reach an intermediate locked phase by reducing a travelling speed of the relative rotational phase from a reference phase to the intermediate locked phase to be slower than the travelling speed of the relative rotational phase to the reference phase.

Abstract: A system includes a reciprocating engine, the reciprocating engine includes a poppet valve having a first valve end and a second valve end. The poppet valve includes a valve head having the first valve end. The valve head may open and close a fluid passageway within the reciprocating engine. The poppet valve also includes a stem extending from the valve head and having a first length. The stem has the second valve end and the second valve end is substantially opposite the first valve end. The poppet valve also includes a cavity aligned with a centerline axis of the poppet valve. The cavity includes a first region disposed within the valve head and a second region disposed within the stem, and the second region has a second length that is shorter than the first length. The poppet valve further includes a metal alloy disposed within the cavity. The metal alloy is in a liquid-phase during operation of the reciprocating engine and may transfer heat from the valve head to the stem.

Abstract: In an engine having an electronically controlled hydraulic system for variable actuation of intake valves, an operating step of refilling, prior to ignition of the engine, is activated to refill a pressure chamber of the system with fluid when, after prolonged engine inactivity, the chamber has been emptied. In this refilling step, fuel supply to the engine is inhibited, and a camshaft is rotationally driven following upon activation of an engine-starting electrical machine. In this way, a pumping member associated to a tappet for actuating an intake valve is used as a pump for drawing fluid into the pressure chamber from an auxiliary fluid tank. During this step, a control valve is opened and closed in synchronism with movement of the pumping member so as to be open when the pumping member advances towards the pressure chamber and closed when the pumping member moves away from the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A method for optimizing response time of a latch in a cylinder deactivation rocker arm assembly is provided. The latch is configured to move between an engaged position with an inner arm of the rocker arm assembly and a retracted position. A major outer diameter (L1) of the latch is determined. An installed length (L2) of a spring biasing the latch is determined. A clearance (L3) between L1 and a major inner diameter of an outer arm of the rocker arm assembly is determined. A radial clearance (L4) between a cage coupled to the outer arm and a major inner diameter of the latch is determined. A minor diameter (L5) of the latch is determined. A relationship between the response time of the latch and L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 is established. Components of the cylinder deactivation rocker arm assembly are selected based on the relationship.

Abstract: A system for monitoring operation of an internal combustion engine having a rocker arm assembly for actuating an engine valve is disclosed. The rocker arm assembly includes a first arm with a first end, a second arm also having a first end pivotally connected near the first end of the first arm, a latch that when latched secures the first arm relative to the second arm in a latched mode, and when unlatched allows the first arm to move relative to the second arm in an unlatched mode. The system also employing a sensor attached to one of the first and second arms that can detect when the arms are moving relative to each other, and adapted to provide a signal indicating the sensed movement.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus may include a camshaft, first and second cam portions, of which the camshaft is inserted thereto, of which relative phase angles with respect to the camshaft are variable, a first and a second inner brackets transmitting rotation of the camshaft to the first and second cam portions respectively, a slider housing of which the first and second inner brackets are rotatably inserted thereto, of which relative position with respect to the camshaft is variable and of which a guide protruded portion is formed to an upper side thereof, cam caps of which each cam cap engaging portion is rotatably connected thereto, a connecting bracket connecting the cam caps and of which a guide slot for the guide protruded portion to be inserted thereto is formed thereto and a control portion selectively changing a position of the slider housing.

Abstract: A variable valve lift apparatus operated to change lift of a valve provided to an engine may include an outer body having an inside space formed therein, an inner body arranged in the inside space of the outer body, the inner body being selectively secured to the outer body to make a lever motion centered on a lever motion pivot shaft together with the outer body as a cam rotates, a connection shaft arranged to pass through the first end of the outer body and the first end of the inner body to connect the outer body to the inner body, a lost motion spring provided to return the inner body rotated relative to the outer body centered on the connection shaft to an original position, and a latching device provided to the outer body for selectively securing the inner body to the outer body.

Abstract: The technology disclosed herein generally relates to a turbine bearing lubricant filtration system. A lubricant pump is configured to be disposed in communication with a lubricant reservoir. A dry gas source is configured to be in fluid communication with the lubricant reservoir. A breather filter is configured to be in communication with the lubricant reservoir, and a filter manifold assembly having media incorporating electrostatic reduction technology. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a blow-by device comprising a connection piece and a coupling piece that can be connected to each other. A ring is provided on which a connector collar for a connector is provided in order to establish an electrical connection in connection pieces that are connected to the coupling piece. The ring may be positioned on the connection piece.

Abstract: A pipe (11), carrying exhaust gas, of an exhaust system (1) of an internal combustion engine (9), with a tubular body (15) carrying exhaust gas, and with at least one attachment part (12) separate with respect to the tubular body (15), which is added laterally to the tubular body (15) so that externally on the tubular body (15) a cavity (13) is arranged delimited at least partially by the attachment part (12), which extends in the circumferential direction (14) of the tubular body (15) over less than 360°.

Abstract: A combined heat and power system comprising an electric power generator configured to receive gaseous fuel and output electricity at a voltage level to an electrical grid and hot exhaust, a heat exchanger comprising a water input line, a water output line and a heat exchanger coil connecting the water input line and the water output line, wherein the heat exchanger coil is thermally adapted to the hot exhaust and a blower configured for selectively drawing ambient air to be mixed with the hot exhaust, whereby when hot water is demanded, the blower is not enabled and when hot water is not demanded, the blower is turned on to draw ambient air that is mixed with the hot exhaust such that the temperature of the hot exhaust can be reduced.

Abstract: One variation may include a method of controlling exhaust gas flow in an internal combustion engine system, and products and systems using same.

Abstract: A system and method for diagnosing selective catalytic reduction system of a motor vehicle, the system including an internal combustion engine connected by an exhaust manifold to, successively, an assembly including a nitrogen oxide catalyst and a particle filter and a selective catalytic reduction system, a mechanism draining mass of ammonia stored in the selective catalytic reduction system, a mechanism controlling draining, and a mechanism injecting urea positioned upstream of the selective catalytic reduction system, a mechanism measuring quantity of ammonia at an outlet of the selective catalytic reduction system, a system determining maximum mass of ammonia stored in the selective catalytic reduction system, and a comparison mechanism configured to transmit a fault signal based on a result of a comparison between the maximum mass of ammonia stored in the selective catalytic reduction system and a threshold.

Abstract: An aftertreatment system for an engine is disclosed. The aftertreatment system may include an exhaust passage configured to receive an exhaust flow from the engine, and an injector disposed in the exhaust passage and configured to inject reductant into the exhaust flow. The aftertreatment system may also include a bypass conduit fluidly connected to the exhaust passage downstream of the injector, at least one valve disposed in the bypass conduit and configured to divert exhaust gases from the exhaust passage into the bypass conduit, and a reductant storage device disposed in the bypass conduit and configured to store ammonia in the exhaust gases. The aftertreatment system may also include a control module configured to selectively operate the at least one valve.

Abstract: A combination exhaust gas heat exchanger and noise reduction unit is disclosed, whereby a heat exchanger and a noise reduction member are arranged side-by-side and integrated as a unit. A heat exchanger outlet opens directly into a chamber of the noise reduction member. In one arrangement, a bypass valve serves to selectively direct exhaust gas into either the heat exchanger or the noise reduction member, depending on an operating condition of an associated engine.

Abstract: A method for monitoring an oxidation catalysis device or DOC arranged in an exhaust line of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, in a predetermined range of inlet (2) and outlet (3) temperatures of the DOC, includes injecting predetermined successive quantities of fuel in stages (5, 6) into the inlet of the DOC, recording the outlet (3) temperature of the DOC after each injected quantity of fuel, recording the total quantity injected for a given stage, for which the outlet temperature (3) of the DOC begins to decrease, determining a characterization of the DOC monitored, then comparing this characterization with a test characterization of a similar DOC which has been established beforehand in order to determine a threshold degradation of the DOC monitored that is not to be exceeded.

Abstract: A system includes a controller that has a processor configured to receive a first signal from a first oxygen sensor indicative of a first oxygen measurement, wherein the first oxygen sensor is disposed upstream of a catalytic converter system; and to receive a second signal from a second oxygen sensor indicative of a second oxygen measurement, wherein the second oxygen sensor is disposed downstream of the catalytic converter system; and to execute a catalyst estimator system, wherein the catalyst estimator system is configured to derive an oxygen storage estimate based on the first signal, the second signal, and a catalytic converter model. The processor is configured to derive a system oxygen storage setpoint for the catalytic converter system based on the catalytic converter model and the oxygen storage estimate.

Abstract: An exhaust gas system of a motor vehicle which has an internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinder groups, with a first exhaust gas section which is assigned to a first cylinder group of the internal combustion engine, and with a second exhaust gas section which is assigned to a second cylinder group of the internal combustion engine, each exhaust gas section comprising in each case one exhaust gas purification device, and a common silencer interacting with the first exhaust gas section and the second exhaust gas section, namely in such a way that, starting from the exhaust gas purification device of the first exhaust gas section and starting from the exhaust gas purification device of the second exhaust gas section, in each case, a first part exhaust gas section opens into an interior of the common silencer.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a pump, an evaporator, and an expander in sequential fluid communication in a closed loop containing a condenser configured to transfer heat between a working fluid and ambient air. The vehicle has a generator driven by the expander. The evaporator is configured to transfer heat from at least one of an engine coolant, a battery coolant, an engine lubricant, a transmission lubricant, an exhaust gas in an exhaust system, and an exhaust gas in an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to the working fluid.

Abstract: An exhaust heat recovery system may include a coolant circulation circuit arranged to connect an engine, an exhaust heat exchanger, a radiator, a water-cooled intercooler, and a sub-radiator, and controls each valve arranged on a passage which connects the engine, the exhaust heat exchanger, the radiator, the water-cooled intercooler, and the sub-radiator to the coolant circulation circuit according to the coolant temperature so as to control temperatures of coolant and intake air, thereby enabling the engine to be rapidly warmed up.

Abstract: Provided is an engine cooling system including: a first coolant circulation channel passing through an engine; a second coolant circulation channel bypassing the engine; an electric water pump (EWP); a connection channel connecting the first coolant circulation channel and the second coolant circulation channel; an electromagnetic valve arranged in the connection channel to change a flow rate of a coolant passing through the engine and flowing from the first coolant circulation channel to the second coolant circulation channel; an EGR cooler, a heater core, and an exhaust heat collection device arranged in the second coolant circulation channel; and a control unit, wherein closing of the electromagnetic valve is prohibited if there is an actuation request of the EGR cooler, the heater core, and the exhaust heat collection device when there is a valve closing request of the electromagnetic valve.

Abstract: A hydraulic circuit associated with an internal combustion engine comprising a main cooling circuit of the engine provided with a circulation pump for a cooling fluid, and an auxiliary preheating circuit branched from the main circuit; the pump is a rotary volumetric pump dimensioned so as to generate, at least during a warm-up transient of the engine, a flow rate greater than that required for the cooling of the engine; at least one fraction of the flow rate generated by the pump is sent to the auxiliary circuit where it recovers heat from a fluid at higher temperature, such as the exhaust gases and/or the supercharging compressed air of the engine, and gives it to a fluid at lower temperature, such as for example the engine oil or the passenger compartment air.

Abstract: A method for first filling of cooling circuits of a motor vehicle. During a filling sequence, the cooling circuits are connected via at least one fluid-conductive connection established therebetween, and are filled simultaneously by via the fluid-conductive connection. The fluid-conductive connection is permanently closed after the filling sequence.

Abstract: An expansion tank for the coolant of a fluid-cooled machine, in particular a machine-operated water-borne vehicle or a truck includes at least one inlet connection arranged in the lower region of the expansion tank, and an outlet connection for connection of the expansion tank to a cooling circuit of an internal combustion engine. A filler nozzle is arranged in the upper region of the expansion tank and has a lower edge spaced from an expansion tank cover to limit the fill level. At least one valve seals the filler nozzle for filling the expansion tank and protects the cooling system from over-pressure. Furthermore, an air volume in the expansion tank, which remains on maximum filling of the expansion tank with coolant, can be adjusted.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, in particular a gas Otto-cycle engine, comprising a plurality of cylinders, wherein each cylinder is provided with a respective pre-chamber, a pre-chamber gas supply conduit through which the pre-chambers can be supplied with fuel gas by way of a pre-chamber gas valve associated with the respective pre-chamber, wherein a respective aperture is arranged between the pre-chamber gas supply conduit and the pre-chamber gas valve, wherein at least one and preferably all of the apertures associated with a pre-chamber gas valve has such a small through-flow coefficient that the pressure which occurs at a maximum between the combustion cycles in the volume between the pre-chamber gas valve and the aperture does not reach the pressure prevailing in the pre-chamber gas supply conduit.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine includes an engine cylinder, a piston, a cylinder head, a combustion chamber, and a fuel injector. The cylinder head has a depression of predefined shape such that an effective width of the depression of cylinder head is greater than a diameter of the engine cylinder. The combustion chamber is defined as an enclosure between the depression of the cylinder head and a crown of the piston. The fuel injector is adapted to supply fuel to the combustion chamber via a number of orifices. In an alternate embodiment, the combustion chamber is provided with a number of ducts adapted to provide a passage to the fuel exiting from the orifices. The ducts extend at a predefined angle with an axis of the engine cylinder to facilitate injection of the fuel towards the depression of the cylinder head within the combustion chamber.