Abstract: A device for individually packaging medication comprises: a conveyance member for conveying a long packaging sheet, the packaging sheet being folded in two along the longitudinal direction thereof with a fold line disposed on the lower side; and a sealing member for sealing the packaging sheet. The sealing member is configured by integrating longitudinal and lateral sealing units. The longitudinal sealing unit being adapted to seal the edge of the packaging sheet, located on an opposite side of the fold line, and the lateral sealing unit being adapted to seal the packaging sheet at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction. The device further comprises: a support member for supporting the sealing member; and a control unit causing the sealing member to rotate idle while separating the longitudinal sealing unit from the packaging sheet and thereafter causing the longitudinal sealing unit to come into contact again with the packaging sheet.

Abstract: Crosslinked, melt-shaped articles are manufactured by a process that does not require the use of post-shaping external heat or moisture, the process comprising the steps of: A. Forming a crosslinkable mixture of a 1. Organopolysiloxane containing one or more functional end groups; and 2. Silane-grafted or silane-copolymerized polyolefin; and B. Melt-shaping and partially crosslinking the mixture; and C. Cooling and continuing crosslinking the melt-shaped article. Crosslinking is promoted by the addition of a catalyst to the mixture before or during melt-shaping or to the melt-shaped article.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of making a fiber-reinforced composite. Glass fibers may be provided. These glass fibers may be treated with a sizing composition that has a coupling-activator compound with the formula: S—X-(A)n, where S represents a silicon-containing coupling moiety capable of bonding to the surface of glass fibers, X represents a linking moiety, and (A)n represents one or more polymerization activator moieties. The treated glass fibers may be combined with a resin to make a fiber-resin mixture. The resin may have a monomer, a catalyst, and an activator compound capable of initiating a polymerization of the monomer. The monomer may be a lactam or lactone having 3-12 carbon atoms in the main ring. The fiber-resin mixture may then be cured so that the monomer polymerizes to form a thermoplastic polymer matrix of the fiber-reinforced composite. The thermoplastic polymer matrix may be formed by in situ polymerization initiated from both the surface of the glass fibers and the resin.

Abstract: A hands-free method and related apparatus are used to shape, place and compact a composite stringer on a composite skin of an aircraft. A composite charge is placed on a tool assembly that used to shape the charge into a preformed stringer. With the stringer held on the tool assembly, the tool assembly is used to move the preformed stringer into proximity with the skin and both place and compact the stringer against the skin. Following compaction of the stringer, the tool assembly is removed and the skin and the stringer are co-cured.

Abstract: Method and tooling apparatus for forming a composite charge into a stringer having an I-shaped cross-section. A substantially flat composite charge is placed on a die set and pressed formed into a die set cavity to form a stringer hat. A stringer base is formed by press forming the composite charge against the die set. The die set is used to compress the stringer hat into a stringer web having a bulb on one end thereof. A stringer cap is formed by press forming the bulb within a recess in the die set.

Abstract: There is provided a method of making a composite hat stiffener. The method has the steps of curing a composite hat stiffener in a hat tool to form a pre-cured composite hat stiffener. The pre-cured composite hat stiffener has a composite hat section, a plurality of composite stiffening plies with a body ply, a wrap ply, and a base ply, all coupled to the composite hat section, wherein the body ply is coupled to a first side of the composite hat section, the wrap ply is coupled to the body ply, and the base ply is coupled to the body ply and the wrap ply, a pair of radius filler noodles coupled to the composite hat section and disposed between the plurality of composite stiffening plies, and an outer ply coupled to the composite hat section. The method further includes bonding the pre-cured composite hat stiffener to a structure surface.

Abstract: According to one aspect, a method of forming foam composites. The method includes providing a plurality of microspheres in contact with a fiber pre-form having a plurality of fibers, inserting at least one penetrating element into the fiber pre-form, and repeatedly moving the at least one penetrating element within the fiber pre-form so as to encourage the plurality of microspheres to disperse within the fiber pre-form. The fiber pre-form with the microspheres dispersed therein is then heated, causing the microspheres to expand and fuse together to form the foam composite.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens includes molding the lens (1) between a first mold portion (6A) and a second mold portion (6B) with the first entry surface (4A) formed by making in the lens a molded cavity by means of a stud (6C) secured to the second mold portion (6B), and that the light guide (4) is temporarily secured to the stud (6C) prior to molding. The second entry surface (4B) is formed by making in the lens a molded cavity by means of a mold insert (7) temporarily secured to the light guide (4) prior to molding, the first mold portion (6A) being placed above said insert (7).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a cylindrical part from composite material, and a molding device to implement the method, the method including: installation of a fibrous structure on a horizontal mandrel; formation of an annular enclosure for molding around the fibrous structure and the mandrel; supply of the enclosure with resin via a first axial end, while keeping a second axial end of the enclosure at a pressure lower than a supply pressure of the resin. The second end includes at least two sectors of vents in a form of ring sectors, each being independently kept at a pressure lower than the supply pressure.

Abstract: An encapsulated electronic device includes a magnetically permeable core structure which is exposed within and coplanar with a flat top surface of the device. A bottom surface of the core may be exposed within the bottom surface of the device. The bottom core surface may be recessed beneath, coplanar with, or protruding from the bottom surface of the device. Alternatively the bottom surface may be encapsulated within the device. A method for manufacturing the exposed core package includes positioning a first component relative to a second component before encapsulating the device. An improved planar magnetic core structure includes internal bevels having a radius greater than or equal to 15% and preferably 25%, 35%, or as much as 50% of the core thickness to reduce concentration of the magnetic field around the internal corners.

Abstract: The present system, method and apparatus are adapted for the quick and easy patching of inflatable devices. More specifically, the system, apparatus and methods comprise a tip, a body portion, an adhesive, a patch and a probe, wherein the tip and body portion are inserted into the inflatable device so as to apply the adhesive and patch to the interior of the device to create an air-tight seal. The disclosure thus provides an improved patching system, apparatus and method.

Abstract: Particular embodiments of the invention include methods and apparatus for deforming a tire sidewall. Such methods include the step of providing a tire having at least one sidewall connected to a corresponding bead. A further step includes constraining at least one of the sidewall and bead from moving laterally toward the other. Yet another step of such methods includes engaging the sidewall with an inclined member. Another step of such methods includes moving at lest one of the sidewall and bead in a lateral direction away from the other until the sidewall is laterally deformed into a laterally deformed configuration.

Abstract: A repair method according to the present invention is a method for repairing a honeycomb core sandwich panel, the method including: a repair patch disposing step of disposing a repair patch and an adhesive on at least one of a first surface and a second surface of the panel, the first outer skin being located on the first surface, and the second outer skin being located on the second surface; a panel restraining step of sandwiching the panel and the repair patch from both surface sides of the first surface and the second surface and thereby restraining the panel; and a heating step (thermal curing step) of heating the adhesive while the panel is restrained.

Abstract: A method for molding a non-pneumatic tire includes placing a hub into a lower mold portion, and associating at least one temperature sensor with the lower mold portion. The method further includes placing an upper mold portion onto the lower mold portion and the hub, heating the mold assembly, heating a molding material, and transferring the heated molding material into the interior of the mold assembly. The method further includes heating the mold assembly and molding material until the at least one temperature sensor indicates that the molding material has reached a first temperature, and maintaining the temperature of the molding material at the first temperature for a first predetermined period of time. The method further includes reducing the temperature of the molding material to a second temperature after the first predetermined period of time, and separating the upper mold portion and molded tire from the lower mold portion.

Abstract: A vulcanization apparatus provided with a vulcanization vessel for vulcanizing a green tire and a suction line for sucking out gas from inside the vulcanization vessel after the vulcanization vessel has been opened. Accordingly, oily smoke generated when vulcanized rubber has been removed from a bladder and an inner wall of a mold can be more efficiently discharged than in cases in which gas inside a vulcanization vessel is sucked out and additional air is introduced into the vulcanization vessel only prior to opening the vulcanization vessel.

Abstract: A method of building a sequence of tires different from each other, includes generating a first deposition surface by a first series of consecutive circumferential sectors. The first deposition surface is selected as a function of the type of a first tire to be built. Each circumferential sector of the first series is removably coupled to a central body of a forming drum. The method further includes manufacturing at least one component of the at least one first tire by deposition of the at least one component at a radially external position to the first deposition surface of the forming drum, removing the at least one component from the forming drum and replacing each circumferential sector of the first series with a circumferential sector of a second series for generating a second deposition surface selected as a function of the type of a second tire to be built which is different from the first tire.

Abstract: A compounding system for feed material containing plastic waste comprises a chamber assembly, a shaft, a sleeve, and a plurality of arms. The chamber assembly defines a working chamber. The sleeve is supported on the shaft for movement between an operating position and a maintenance position. The sleeve is located within the chamber assembly when the shaft supports the sleeve in the operating position and is located outside of the chamber assembly when the shaft supports the sleeve in the maintenance position. The plurality of arms is supported by the sleeve such that the arms radially extend from the sleeve. Feed material is processed with the sleeve in the operating position. The sleeve and arms may be accessed with the sleeve in the maintenance position.

Abstract: A solid-liquid separation device includes a plurality of fixed members and movable members that are movably disposed between the adjacent fixed members, and a screw extending through the fixed members and the movable members in a state where the screw is not in contact with the fixed members and the movable members. The screw is rotationally driven about a center axis line thereof. A filtrate separated from an object is discharged to the outside of the solid-liquid separation portion through filtrate discharge gaps, and the object that has a reduced liquid content ratio is discharged from the outlet to the outside. In order to increase significantly a dewatering ratio, the movable members are formed to move while penetrating closer to the center axis line of the screw than an outer circumferential edge of the blade of the screw, without coming into contact with the screw.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a heat insulation container mainly includes preparing a coating material by mixing a binder and a thermo-expandable powder, coating such coating material on a surface of a container and then heating the container to foam the coated material after the container is shaped. The foamed coating material is therefore provides the container with heat insulation property. The thermo-expandable powder consists of a plurality of thermo-expandable microcapsules, each of which consists of a thermoplastic polymer shell and a solvent wrapped by the thermoplastic polymer shell. To obtain a smooth surface, the soften point of the binder is required to be lower than the boiling point of the solvent.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus comprises a pressing member configured to press a fold line portion of a folded sheet bundle; and moving unit configured to move a position of pressing by the pressing member in a direction of a fold line of the folded sheet bundle, wherein the moving unit is configured to stand by at a pressing start position in which the pressing member is in a non-pressing state, before the folded sheet bundle is conveyed to the pressing member.

Abstract: The present invention provides ballistic resistant armor including a first ballistic resistant layer including non-woven material, a second ballistic resistant layer comprising woven material, the first ballistic resistant layer coupled to the second ballistic resistant layer by stitches, and methods of making the same.

Abstract: A vehicle interior panel includes a decorative skin and a polymer coating provided to increase material thickness at a desired portion of the decorative skin The polymer coating may be formed by a thermal spraying process in which a polymeric material is heated and deposited along an inner side of the decorative skin The decorative skin may be thermoformed from a uniformly thick sheet of thermoplastic material so that it includes a reduced thickness portion after forming. The polymeric material can be deposited along the reduced thickness portion to form the polymer coating, thereby restoring integrity or providing enhanced integrity to the decorative skin to aid subsequent material processes such as sewing or foam backfilling.

Abstract: Fabrics, laminates and assembles formed from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene tape articles. The tape articles have an average cross-sectional aspect ratio of at least about 10:1 and have a ratio of the low temperature area under the curve (120° C. to Tm-onset) to the total area under the curve (120° C. to 165° C.) of less than about 0.15 as calculated from an increasing temperature DSC scan from a temperature of 30° C. to a temperature of 200° C. at a constant rate of 10° C. per minute.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a case having an opening, an electronic circuit and a dust cover. The electronic circuit is disposed in the case and includes a circuit board, a switch, and an expansion card slot. The switch and the expansion card slot are electrically connected at the circuit board. The opening exposes the switch and the expansion card slot. The expansion card slot includes an electrical connector used for electrical connection with an expansion card. The dust cover is detachably disposed at the opening. The dust cover includes a cap portion, a press portion and an elastic portion. The cap portion closes the opening. The press portion faces the switch. The elastic portion is respectively connected to the cap portion and the press portion, so the press portion is capable of moving relative to the cap portion and hence has a trigger position and a release position.

Abstract: Laminated articles and layered articles, for example, low alkali glass laminated articles and layered articles useful for, for example, electrochromic devices are described.

Abstract: Laminated structures for use in building construction are fabricated by a manufacturing process such that the laminating steps to not require elevated drying temperatures or an extended dwell time at any point. The process employs stock materials that simultaneously reduce cost and improve performance. This is accomplished using a specially formulated viscoelastic glue and ambient temperature drying apparatus. As a result, the production capacity of the manufacturing facility, cost of goods, and delivered performance are greatly improved over existing methods.

Abstract: A laminate structure having a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and at least one polymer interlayer intermediate the first and second glass layers. The first glass layer is comprised of a thin, chemically strengthened glass having a surface compressive stress of between about 250 MPa and about 350 MPa and a depth of layer (DOL) of compressive stress greater than about 60 ?m. The second glass layer can also be comprised of a thin, chemically strengthened glass having a surface compressive stress of between about 250 MPa and about 350 MPa and a depth of layer (DOL) of compressive stress greater than about 60 ?m.

Abstract: This invention relates to labels, particularly removable polymeric labels for use on reusable containers. The labels contain at least two polymeric layers having different coefficients of linear thermal expansion, such that, upon exposure to elevated temperatures, the label is reversibly curled.

Abstract: The purpose is to provide a protective layer transfer sheet and an intermediate transfer medium, in which the protective layer has excellent foil tearing property during transfer and in which sufficient durability can be imparted to the thermally transferred image. The above problem is solved by a protective layer transfer sheet in which a transferable protective layer (20) is provided on one surface of a substrate (1) so as to be peelable from the substrate (1), wherein the transferable protective layer (20) has a layered structure in which a first protective layer (3A), and a second protective layer (3B) which is in contact directly with the first protective layer (3A), are provided in this order from the substrate (1); the first protective layer contains an epoxy-cured resin in which a reactive resin having a functional group capable of reacting with an epoxy group and having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of not less than 60° C.

Abstract: The patentable subject matter is the method for joining foamed copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA) with polyurethane (PU) by combining hot PU mixture with a solid substrate made of foamed EVA. The method as per the invention is intended to be used largely in footwear manufacture processes. The joining method wherein the surfaces of an element being joined made of foamed EVA (polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate) are prepared by mechanical grinding of the surface and subsequent degreasing, characterized in that the surfaces of the element made of foamed EVA (polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate) are heated to and kept at the temperature of 45-55° C. and then 2-butanol activator is applied which is then cured with UV rays for 15 seconds and subsequently POLYOL GF 422 and IZO GT 991 are heated for 10-12 hours with POLYOL being heated to 70-80° C. combining with the catalyst and IZO being heated to 65-75° C.

Abstract: A method of joining two articles through a nano-enhanced joining medium is described. Nanomaterials are applied to the surfaces of sheets made of the joining medium via casting or spraying. Said sheets with nanomaterial coatings are then placed between the joining surfaces of the articles, and then application of pressure and heating is used to form a nano-engineered structural joint at the interface of said articles. The distinctly high specific surface area of nanomaterials and the energetic preference of their functionalized surfaces for bonding facilitate the joining process. Nano-engineered structural joints complement high strength levels with desired toughness and the compliance needed for accommodating deformation (e.g. thermal expansion) mismatches of joined articles without generating high stress levels near their interface. The limited quantity (per unit joint surface area) of nanomaterials utilized in nano-engineered joints benefits their economic viability.

Abstract: A method for connecting component parts (1, 2, 3) of a fuel cell. A photochemically curable adhesive (5) is applied in liquid form at least regionally to at least one component part (1, 2, 3) of the fuel cell, is photochemically pre-cured, is brought into contact with at least one further component part (1, 2, 3) of the fuel cell and is cured. The photochemically curable adhesive (5) is photochemically pre-cured to differing degrees in at least two component part regions (B1, B2) of the component part (1, 2, 3). Furthermore, an apparatus for connecting component parts (1, 2, 3) of a fuel cell.

Abstract: A method is provided of fabricating a composite stiffener having a curved web and at least one curved flange. A substantially straight length of unidirectional prepreg tape is placed on a carrier. The at least one curved flange is formed by using the carrier to steer a first portion of the tape onto a first curved tool surface. The curved web is formed by using the carrier to form a second portion of the tape onto a second curved tool surface.

Abstract: A method of three-dimensional printing of the disclosure is used to form a three-dimensional object stacked by a plurality of layers of object unit. The method of three-dimensional printing includes: forming and curing a layer of uncolored body; forming a color layer at the contour of the layer of uncolored body so that the layer of uncolored body and the color layer form a layer of object unit; and forming a cover layer at the contour of the layer of object unit so that the color layer is located between the layer of uncolored body and the cover layer.

Abstract: Ablation-type printing plates having improved exposure sensitivity are produced using a thin imaging layer—i.e., the plate layer that absorbs and ablates in response to imaging radiation—whose composition includes a large proportion of radiation absorber.

Abstract: Ablation-type printing plates having increased shelf-life are produced using a melamine resin free of water prior to use. A representative production sequence includes providing a substrate having an oleophilic surface; coating, over the substrate, an oleophilic resin composition having (A) a resin phase consisting essentially of a melamine resin substantially free of water and a resole resin, the resole resin being present in an amount ranging from 0% to 28% by weight of dry film, (B) a near-IR absorber dispersed within the resin phase, and (C) a sulfonic acid catalyst dispersed within the resin phase and being present in an amount ranging from 0.7% to 1.6% by weight of dry film; curing the resin composition to produce a dry film; following resin curing, coating an oleophobic polymer composition over the cured resin composition; and curing the oleophobic polymer composition.

Abstract: An ink-based digital printing dampening fluid delivery system useful for printing with an ink-based digital printing system, the ink-based digital printing system having an imaging member, includes a supply chamber; and a supply channel, the supply channel being configured to deliver fluid onto a surface of the imaging member, wherein a width of the surface of the imaging member onto which dampening fluid is applied is twenty percent greater, or more, than a diameter of the supply chamber.

Abstract: Provided is an intaglio printing press including: a gravure printing device, which performs gravure printing on one surface of a sheet of paper; dryers, which dry the one surface of the sheet of paper, on which gravure printing is performed by the gravure printing device; an intaglio printing device, which performs intaglio printing on the sheet of paper having been dried by the dryers; and a printing surface switching device, which transfers the sheet of paper from the gravure printing device to the intaglio printing device in a manner that a surface of the sheet of paper on which the intaglio printing device performs intaglio printing is switched between any one of the one surface and the other surface of the sheet of paper.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for adjusting a gap in a printing system in which a first roller and a second roller are provided, wherein at least one of said first roller and said second roller comprises a seam, said seam corresponding to a variation of the diameter of said first roller and said second roller, respectively, along a circumference thereof. An interaction zone is provided, wherein said second roller is in rolling contact with said first roller under pressure, said interaction zone defining a gap for inserting a media to be printed. A size of said gap is controlled by varying a relative position of said first roller and said second roller when said at least one seam passes through said interaction zone, and said gap is adjusted in accordance with a length of said media to be printed and/or in accordance with a length of an image to be printed.

Abstract: A slit-type scraper device includes: a body, a first scraper portion, a cover, a second scraper portion, an air pressure through hole and a side cover unit. The body includes a groove and a slit portion abutting against the groove. The first scraper portion is abutting against the slit portion. The cover includes a plate portion. The second scraper portion is abutting against the plate portion, wherein the position of the second scraper portion is corresponding to the first scraper portion. The air pressure through hole is disposed on the body, in communication with the groove, and adapted to connect an air pressure connection member to input air pressure. The side cover unit is adapted to form an ink storage space between the plate portion and the groove, and form an ink output slit between the slit portion and the plate portion.

Abstract: The in-register arrangement of at least two printing plates on at least two plate cylinders of a printing press, with respect to each other, is accomplished. Settings for a temperature of a printing plate, which is arranged on one of the plate cylinders or of a cylinder barrel of the plate cylinder or of a temperature control assembly, which interacts with the printing plate or the at least one printing cylinder, are determined depending on a printing image which is printed onto a printing material. One temperature of the printing plate or of the cylinder barrel or of the temperature control assembly is changed according to the settings in such a way that subsequently, an image form element, which is arranged on the printing plate, and an image form element, which is arranged on another of the printing plates, are situated in a predefined relative position with respect to one another, at least in an axial direction relating to a plate cylinder.

Abstract: A method is provided for processing a relief raster image, comprising customary color channels for indicating a color of each pixel and a height channel for indicating a height of each pixel into several pass images that are printed using a printer with several colorants including a white colorant. For each pixel a relief part, a white part and a skin part are discriminated in order to combine the demands for height and color variation across the surface of the image. The skin part comprises pixels for which a colorant composition based on the color channels of the relief raster image is established. In order to print a color in the skin part that is independent of a height of the pixel, the relief part comprises an arbitrary colorant composition and the white part comprises mainly white colorant.

Abstract: There is described an inspection system (10) for inspecting the quality of printed sheets which are transported by a sheet conveyor system comprising at least one sheet gripper system (3a, 3b) including a plurality of spaced-apart gripper bars (32) for holding the printed sheets by a leading edge thereof. The inspection system (10) comprises an optical quality control apparatus for carrying out inspection of a first side of the printed sheets while the printed sheets are being transported by the sheet gripper system (3b). The optical quality control apparatus includes a line camera (11) for scanning the first side of the printed sheets at an inspection location which is situated at a location proximate to a portion of the sheet gripper system (3b) where the gripper bars (32) transporting the printed sheets undergo a change of direction of displacement while the printed sheets are still being scanned by the line camera (11).

Abstract: According to one example, there is provided a printing system. The printing system comprises a printhead receiver to receive a printhead, the printhead to eject printing fluid drops from an array of printhead nozzles to a first printing fluid receiving zone. The printing system further comprises an electrostatic imaging member to store a latent image comprising charged and non-charged portions representing an image to be printed. Part of the electrostatic imaging member is arranged in close proximity to the array of nozzles such that ejected printing fluid drops are electrostatically deflected by charged portions of the electrostatic imaging member to a second printing fluid receiving zone.

Abstract: A test method includes preparing a test medium including a base and an ink-receiving layer that absorbs ink to swell in the thickness direction thereof, applying an ink onto the ink-receiving layer by ejecting droplets of the ink from a liquid ejecting apparatus, and observing the test medium.

Abstract: A method for adjusting an encoder pulse count delay in a printing system for printing on a continuous web of print media using first and second printheads. First and second encoders are provided at different positions along the media transport path. An initial encoder pulse count delay is provided for use in printing with the second printhead. An initial ratio of the first encoder pulse rate to the second encoder pulse rate is determined. At a subsequent time a subsequent ratio of the first encoder pulse rate to the second encoder pulse rate is determined. An adjusted encoder pulse count delay is determined by adjusting the initial encoder pulse count delay responsive to the initial ratio and the subsequent ratio and used to control printing by the second printhead.

Abstract: The invention is concerning a head driving device that drives a recording head including a plurality of nozzles and a plurality of pressure generating elements corresponding to the respective nozzles. The head driving device comprises: a plurality of drive waveform generating units corresponding to the respective pressure generating elements, wherein the drive waveform generating units drive the respective pressure generating elements on the basis of pieces of drive waveform information that are set for the respective nozzles so as to approximately equalize ejection characteristics of droplets ejected from the nozzles.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus has a configuration in which a drive pulse is selectable from a first ejection drive pulse adjusted to be generated at a first ejection timing with respect to an LAT signal, a second ejection drive pulse adjusted to be generated at a second ejection timing which is earlier than the first ejection timing with respect to the LAT signal, and a third ejection drive pulse adjusted to be generated at a third ejection timing which is later than the first ejection timing with respect to the LAT signal, and is selected according to a transporting speed of a recording medium.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a piezoelectric element having a first electrode on a vibration plate, a piezoelectric layer on the first electrode, and a second electrode on the piezoelectric material layer. The piezoelectric layer has functional portions sandwiched between the first and second electrodes; the second electrode configures a common electrode provided continuously across a plurality of the functional portions; the piezoelectric layer extends to an outer side of an end of the first electrode; the vibration plate has a first region opposing the first electrode, a second region opposing an area of the piezoelectric layer extending further toward an outer side than the first electrode, and a third region further toward the outer side than the piezoelectric layer; the second region has a thickness substantially equal to or greater than the thickness of the first region; and the third region is thinner than the first region.

Abstract: A flow path unit includes a pressure chamber substrate in which a plurality of pressure chambers are arranged in a first direction; and a piezoelectric element that changes a volume of the pressure chamber, in which a plane shape of an active section of the piezoelectric element is contained such that a width on one side thereof in a second direction crossing the first direction is wider than that on the other side in the second direction. The side on which the width of the active section of the piezoelectric element is great and the side on which the width thereof is smaller in the second direction be alternately disposed each other so that the active sections adjacent to each other are arranged differently from each other in the first direction.