Abstract: The present invention is related to a nucleic acid, preferably binding to MCP-1, selected from the group consisting of Type 1A nucleic acids, type 1B nucleic acids, Type 2 nucleic acids, Type 3 nucleic acids, Type 4 nucleic acids and nucleic acids comprising SEQ ID NOs:87-115

Abstract: This invention provides a novel delivery means that enables efficient delivery of an active ingredient to a target cell. Such novel delivery means is a liposome for topical administration that consists of dioleylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), phosphatidylcholine, and cationic lipid, that is not modified with PEG, and that is free of cholesterol.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to antisense oligomers and related compositions and methods for inducing exon inclusion as a treatment for glycogen storage disease type II (GSD-II) (also known as Pompe disease, glycogenosis II, acid maltase deficiency (AMD), acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency, and lysosomal alpha-glucosidase deficiency), and more specifically relates to inducing inclusion of exon 2 and thereby restoring levels of enzymatically active acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) protein encoded by the GAA gene.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds, compositions and methods for modulating the expression of human GST-? using RNA interference. The RNA interference molecules can be used in methods for preventing or treating diseases such as malignant tumor. Provided are a range of siRNA structures, having one or more of nucleotides being modified or chemically-modified. Advantageous structures include siRNAs with 2?-deoxy nucleotides located in the seed region, as well as other nucleotide modifications.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of medicinal research, cartilage physiology and diseases involving the degeneration of cartilage tissue. More specifically, the invention relates to methods and means for identifying compounds that inhibit catabolic processes in chondrocytes and that decrease the degradation of cartilage and/or ECM. The invention also relates to the compounds that are useful in the treatment of osteoarthritis. The invention also relates to targets, the modulation of which results in a decrease in the degradation of ECM and/or cartilage and decrease inflammation. In addition, the invention relates to compositions and methods for the use thereof in treating conditions that are characterized by the degradation of ECM and/or cartilage and inflammation.

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common human neurodegenerative disease of the CNS resulting in progressive neuronal death and memory loss. Despite intense investigations, no effective therapy is available to stop its onset or halt its progression. It was discovered that antisense oligonucleotide against neutral sphingomyelinase and GW4869, a chemical inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase, inhibit activation of glial cells and protect neurons in AD cell culture and animal models. These results suggest the following new treatment options for AD patients: Antisense oligonucleotide against neutral sphingomyelinase and GW4869.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for expression of a nucleic acid construct comprising nucleic acids encoding a) a recombinant polypeptide, and b) a prototrophy-restoring enzyme in a host cell that is auxotrophic for at least one metabolite. In various embodiments, the host cell is auxotrophic for a nitrogenous base compound or an amino acid. The invention involves introducing an analogue into the growth media for the host cell such that the analogue is incorporated into the recombinant polypeptide or a nucleic acid coding sequence thereof. In various embodiments, the compositions and methods disclosed herein result in improved recombinant protein expression compared to expression of recombinant protein in an antibiotic selection system, or compared to expression of the recombinant protein in an expression system that lacks a metabolite analogue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to host cells that produce compounds that are characterized as benzylisoquinolines, as well as select precursors and intermediates thereof. The host cells comprise one, two or more heterologous coding sequences wherein each of the heterologous coding sequences encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolic pathway of a benzylisoquinoline, or its precursors or intermediates from a starting compound. The invention also relates to methods of producing the benzylisoquinoline, as well as select precursors and intermediates thereof by culturing the host cells under culture conditions that promote expression of the enzymes that produce the benzylisoquinoline or precursors or intermediates thereof.

Abstract: A recombinant yeast cell having a decreased RGT1 protein activity and an increased ability to produce a glycolytic intermediate or a glycolytic intermediate-derived substance, compared to a parent cell; methods of producing the same; and methods of producing the glycolytic intermediate or the glycolytic intermediate-derived substance using the same.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for genome modification of a target sequence in the genome of a plant or plant cell, without incorporating a selectable transgene marker. The methods and compositions employ a guide polynucleotide/Cas endonuclease system to provide an effective system for modifying or altering target sites within the genome of a plant, plant cell or seed, without incorporating a selectable transgene marker. Once a genomic target site is identified, a variety of methods can be employed to further modify the target sites such that they contain a variety of polynucleotides of interest. Breeding methods and methods for selecting plants utilizing a guide polynucleotide/Cas endonuclease system are also disclosed. Compositions and methods are also provided for editing a nucleotide sequence in the genome of a cell, without incorporating a selectable transgene marker.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for genome modification of a target sequence in the genome of a plant or plant cell. The methods and compositions employ a guide RNA/Cas endonuclease system to provide an effective system for modifying or altering target sites within the genome of a plant, plant cell or seed. Also provided are compositions and methods employing a guide polynucleotide/Cas endonuclease system for genome modification of a nucleotide sequence in the genome of a cell or organism, for gene editing, and/or for inserting or deleting a polynucleotide of interest into or from the genome of a cell or organism. Once a genomic target site is identified, a variety of methods can be employed to further modify the target sites such that they contain a variety of polynucleotides of interest. Breeding methods and methods for selecting plants utilizing a two component RNA guide and Cas endonuclease system are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to systems, methods, and devices for inducing and/or repressing the expression of proteins. More particularly, the invention relates to systems, methods, and devices for inducing and/or repressing the expression of proteins in plastids. An exemplary embodiment involves the regulation of the expression of proteins involved in hydrogen production to stimulate the production of hydrogen gas using the methods, systems, and devices described herein.

Abstract: Transgenic plants in which blood-clot dissolving proteins are produced in seeds of the plants are provided. Expression of the proteins is driven by a seed specific or selective promoter. Exemplary blood-clot dissolving proteins produced in this manner include recombinant Desmodus rotundus salivary plasminogen activator ?1 (DSPA?1) and recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Recombinant proteins isolated from seeds dissolved blood clots.

Abstract: The field of the invention relates to a method for the production of a recombinant protein in a plant-based system comprising the steps of providing a plant-based system comprising a modulation for a plant endogenous prolyl-4-hydroxylase gene, delivering a gene encoding the recombinant protein into the plant-based system, and cultivating the plant-based system for the expression of the gene encoding the recombinant protein. The field of the invention further relates to a recombinant protein, which has been produced in a plant-based system. A plant-based system and use of the recombinant protein are also provided.

Abstract: A process of expressing a sequence of interest in a plant, plant part, or plant cell culture, comprising: (a) providing a plant, plant part, or plant cell culture containing in cell nuclei a heterologous DNA having a sequence encoding an RNA replicon operably linked or linkable to a transcription promoter, wherein said sequence encoding an RNA replicon contains (i) sequences for replicon function of said RNA replicon, said sequences being derived from a sequence of a plant RNA virus, (ii) a sequence of interest, whereby said sequences for replicon function exhibit at selected localities of said sequences of said plant RNA virus function-conservative differences from said sequence of said plant RNA virus, said differences causing an increased frequency of replicon formation compared to an RNA replicon not exhibiting said differences; and (b) causing expression of said sequence of interest.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ALS inhibitor herbicide tolerant polyploid plants, such as B. napus or B. juncea plants, progeny and parts thereof comprising mutations in all acetolactase genes.

Abstract: Provided are transgenic plants expressing MtDef5 antifungal proteins and peptides exhibiting high levels of resistance to susceptible fungi. Such transgenic plants contain a recombinant DNA construct comprising a natural or heterologous signal peptide sequence operably linked to a nucleic acid sequence encoding these molecules. Also provided are methods of producing such plants, methods of protecting plants against susceptible fungal infection and damage, as well as compositions that can be applied to the locus of plants, comprising microorganisms expressing these molecules, or these molecules themselves, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing these molecules. Human and veterinary therapeutic use of MtDef5 antifungal proteins and peptides to treat susceptible fungal infections are also encompassed by the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new transporter polypeptides, and genes encoding therefor, which can be used to confer upon a plant resistance to one or more biotrophic fungal pathogens.

Abstract: A process is provided of introducing an RNA into a living cell to inhibit gene expression of a target gene in that cell. The process may be practiced ex vivo or in vivo. The RNA has a region with double-stranded structure. Inhibition is sequence-specific in that the nucleotide sequences of the duplex region of the RNA and of a portion of the target gene are identical. The present invention is distinguished from prior art interference in gene expression by antisense or triple-strand methods.

Abstract: A process of applying a pesticidal composition to an area to control a pest, wherein the pesticidal composition comprises at least one compound selected from a compound of formula I, or any agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, Q, Z, L, La, and x are as described herein. A method of controlling pests comprises applying the pesticidal composition near a population of pests.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of obtaining clonal seeds, methods of plant cloning, methods of screening for maternal plants that produce clonal seeds asexually and methods of increasing yield of clonal seeds. Also disclosed are constructs comprising a nucleic acid that can silence the activity of a RNA-dependent DNA methylation pathway gene. Further disclosed are maternal plants comprising a construct wherein the construct comprises an exogenous nucleic acid sequence, wherein the construct renders the maternal plant defective for RNA-dependent DNA methylation.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for selectively suppressing the expression of a recombinant protein in a male reproductive tissue of a transgenic plant. The invention also provides methods and compositions for inducing male sterility in a transgenic plant. Plants, plant cells, plant parts, seeds, and commodity products including such compositions are aspects of the invention.

Abstract: Herein is reported that for transient transfections the use of the human elongation factor 1 alpha promoter (with Intron A) provides for an enhanced productivity (in LC-HC-SM organization), the use of the bovine growth hormone polyA signal sequence provides for an enhanced productivity compared to use of the SV40 polyA signal sequence, the addition of the HGT to the bGH PolyA signal sequence results in an increased productivity in vectors containing the hCMV promoter and the vector organization LC(3?-5?)-HC-SM results in improved expression. For stable pools it is reported that pools generated with vectors containing the hEF1? promoter show an enhanced productivity in batch analysis, clones generated with vectors containing the hEF1? promoter show a reduced number of low producing clones, and clones generated with vectors containing the hEF1? promoter show a higher stability of IgG expression.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of therapeutics. Most specifically, the invention provides methods of generating conditionally expressing vectors for one or more immunomodulators under the control of a gene expression modulation system in the presence of activating ligand and uses for therapeutic purposes in animals. These vector may be provided to treat a variety of disorders, e.g., neoplastic disorders, through direct injection or through in vitro engineered cells, such as dendritic cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotides and alphaviral vectors for the expression of genes of interest in mammalian cells. Additionally, the invention relates to cells which comprise said polynucleotides and alphaviral vectors and are capable of stably expressing one or more genes of interest. The invention also relates to methods for obtaining said cells, to methods for expressing a gene of interest in said cells, and to methods for replacing the gene of interest stably expressed by said cells with another gene of interest.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fields of life sciences and medicine. Specifically, the invention relates to cancer therapies. More specifically, the present invention relates to oncolytic adenoviral vectors and cells and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said vectors. The present invention also relates to a use of said vectors in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer in a subject and a method of treating cancer in a subject. Furthermore, the present invention relates to methods of producing GM-CSF in a cell and increasing tumor specific immune response in a subject, as well as uses of the oncolytic adenoviral vector of the invention for producing GM-CSF in a cell and increasing tumor specific immune response in a subject.

Abstract: Some aspects of this disclosure provide compositions, methods, systems, and kits for controlling the activity and/or improving the specificity of RNA-programmable endonucleases, such as Cas9. For example, provided are guide RNAs (gRNAs) that are engineered to exist in an “on” or “off state, which control the binding and hence cleavage activity of RNA-programmable endo-nucleases. Some aspects of this disclosure provide mRNA-sensing gRNAs that modulate the activity of RNA-programmable endo-nucleases based on the presence or absence of a target mRNA. Some aspects of this disclosure provide gRNAs that modulate the activity of an RNA-programmable endonuclease based on the presence or absence of an extended DNA (xDNA).

Abstract: The document provides methods for biosynthesizing isobutene using one or more isolated enzymes such as one or more of a hydratase such as an enzyme classified under EC 4.2.1.—and a decarboxylating thioesterase, or using recombinant host cells expressing one or more such enzymes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integrated process for producing a fermentation product from fossil carbon and hydrogen present in a purge gas stream resulting from a hydrogen production process. According to one embodiment of the invention, a purge gas stream obtained from a hydrogen production process is fermented with microorganisms in one or more bioreactors to produce the fermentation product. A fermentation exhaust gas stream from the one or more bioreactors comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or methane is then obtained and heat is generated therefrom to provide energy for the hydrogen production process.

Abstract: Cell that is genetically modified comprising: a) one or more nucleotide sequence encoding a NAD+-dependent acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.10); b) one or more nucleotide sequence encoding a acetyl-CoA synthetase (E.C. 6.2.1.1); c) one or more nucleotide sequence encoding a glycerol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.6); and d) one or more nucleotide sequence encoding a dihydroxyacetone kinase (E.C. 2.7.1.28 or E.C. 2.7.1.29).

Abstract: Provided is a screening method of discovering genes capable of increasing 1,4-BDO production on the basis of proteomics data. Over-expression of proteins screened by the method, NCgl0630 (citrate synthase) and NCgl2145 (hyperthetical protein), increase 1,4-BDO productivity. The method may lead to screening of a protein associated with 1,4-BDO productivity, thereby increasing 1,4-BDO productivity, and thus, the method may be recognized as being industrially applicable.

Abstract: The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or methacrylic acid pathway. The microbial organism contains at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme in a 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or methacrylic acid pathway. The invention additionally provides a method for producing 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or methacrylic acid. The method can include culturing a 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or methacrylic acid producing microbial organism expressing at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or methacrylic acid pathway enzyme in a sufficient amount and culturing under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or methacrylic acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides recombinant bacteria with elevated 2-keto acid decarboxylase and alcohol transferase activities. Some recombinant bacteria further have elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Some recombinant bacteria further have reduced alcohol dehydrogenase and/or aldehyde reductase activity. Methods for the production of the recombinant bacteria, as well as for use thereof for production of various esters are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments regarding the production of fatty acid methyl esters. Disclosed herein are various embodiments regarding the use of methanol compositions for the production of fatty esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of methods for purifying fatty acid ethyl esters. According to the present invention, a method for obtaining a ?3 fatty acid ethyl ester, such as EPA and DHA, each as a high purity product at a high yield is provided. In the method according to the present invention, a raw material fat including EPA and DHA is treated with a lipolytic enzyme and ethyl-esterification is performed as needed; the treated substance is fractionated into a glyceride fraction and a free fatty acid fraction; a fraction comprising more EPA ester and a fraction comprising DHA ester are obtained from the respective fractions; the fraction comprising more EPA ester is purified to prepare a high-purity EPA ester; and the fraction comprising more DHA ester is purified to prepare a high-purity DHA ester.

Abstract: Provided is an ?3 desaturase having a high enzymatic activity even at normal temperature. A polypeptide consisting of an amino acid sequence having an identity of 80% or more with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and having ?3 desaturation activity, and a gene therefor.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the selective synthesis of N-Fmoc-doxorubicin-14-O-dicarboxylic acid mono ester derivatives starting from N-Fmoc-doxorubicin using lipase enzymes and bis-acyl donor compounds such as dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides.

Abstract: Natural product preparations of isoquinoline alkaloids are obtained from plant callus cells of goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis, grown in suspension cell culture. The natural product preparations can be extracted from the cells and/or obtained from the culture medium in which the cells are grown. Accordingly, callus cell lines can be selected to grow in suspension culture, produce desirable levels and/or ratios of isoquinoline alkaloids, and/or release the isoquinoline alkaloids into the liquid medium. The level and/or ratio of certain isoquinoline alkaloids, such as hydrastine and/or berberine produced by the cells and/or released into the medium can be different than those found in native plants or plant parts (e.g., rhizomes) from which the cells were derived. For instance, cell lines can be selected to increase the production and/or ratio of hydrastine to berberine, or vice versa.

Abstract: A method of producing a sugar liquid includes steps (1) providing a pretreatment product of a first cellulose-containing biomass; (2) adding a second cellulose-containing biomass or a pretreatment product thereof in an amount ranging from 1 to 50% based on the solid content weight of the first cellulose-containing biomass pretreatment product of step (1), and carrying out hydrolysis by a filamentous fungus-derived cellulase; and (3) subjecting a hydrolysate of step (2) to solid-liquid separation to obtain a solution component and a hydrolysis residue, and filtering the solution component through an ultrafiltration membrane to recover the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase as a retentate and recover a sugar liquid as a permeate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polypeptides having xylanase activity and catalytic domains and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides and catalytic domains. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides and catalytic domains.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method of making a mixture of 2?-FL and DFL in high yield by culturing, with lactose, a genetically modified cell having a recombinant gene that encodes a single fucosyl transferase. The resulting mixture of 2?-FL and DFL can be subjected to hydrolysis initiated by an acid or mediated by a fucosidase to produce fucose in high yields.

Abstract: Disclosed is a steviol glycoside referred to as rebaudioside D2. Rebaudioside D2 has five ?-D-glucosyl units connected to the aglycone steviol. Also disclosed are methods for producing rebaudioside D2, a UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme, and methods for producing rebaudioside D and rebaudioside E.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the production of peptides, and the peptides produced accordingly. Peptides produced according to the invention may be produced more efficiently than peptides produced according to prior art processes. The production process of the invention may lead to advantages in yield, purity, and/or price. Methods of marketing peptides are also disclosed.

Abstract: A manufacturing method comprises collecting a sample from a cell culture used by a manufacturing application, and controlling a Raman spectrometer to collect a Raman spectrum of a targeted volume within the sample. The method further comprises obtaining reference spectra uniquely associated with a known cell line, which comprise at least two of: spectral measurements of mycoplasma by itself, a contaminated cell line, and a pure cell line. Moreover, the method comprises comparing the reference spectra to the collected spectrum, and identifying whether there is at least one unnatural molecular composition within the collected spectrum based upon the comparison of the reference spectra to the collected spectrum. An indication is provided as to whether mycoplasma is detected in the collected Raman spectrum where at least one unnatural molecular composition is identified within the collected spectrum, and the manufacturing application is stopped where mycoplasma is detected in the collected Raman spectrum.

Abstract: Provided is a method for imaging a blood sample and a kit and system for executing the method. The method includes introducing a cell suspension including red blood cells onto a base surface of a carrier having a vertical height (H) being greater than or equal to a vertical depth (h) of the cell suspension when on the base carrier, the cell suspension including a cell concentration (C) being determined by a defined function; allowing the cells in the cell suspension to settle on the base surface of the carrier to form a monolayer of cells thereon; and acquiring at least one microscope image of at least a portion of the monolayer of cells; wherein the at least one microscope image is obtained by a microscope set to Depth Of Field that is not more than 20% of the vertical height of the cell suspension settled on the base surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to am method for the rapid evaluation of bacterial susceptibility or non-susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis. The rationale is to identify bacterial responses that depend or are influenced by protein synthesis. If this response is prevented or reduced by the antibiotic that inhibits the protein synthesis, the bacteria are susceptible to this antibiotic. Otherwise, if the response keeps similar despite the incubation with the antibiotic, the bacteria are no susceptible or resistant to this antibiotic.

Abstract: Provided herein are photochemical crosslinkers and photocleavable crosslinkers and their uses in methods for cell selection from cell cultures. The photochemical crosslinkers comprise a fluorescent dye and a radical generator. The photocleavable crosslinkers comprise a photocleavable linker linking two electrophilic groups to each other. Also provided are systems for imaging cells comprising a plurality of cells crosslinked to extracellular matrix proteins using a crosslinker as described, an imaging apparatus, an illuminating apparatus, and software for image processing.

Abstract: An analysis technique can be performed to quantify the digestible protein content of a protein-containing sample outside the body of a living organism. Traditionally, protein digestibility is evaluated in vivo, for example using a rat subject to measure protein digestibility after being fed the protein-containing sample. In some examples, an in vitro technique involves enzymatically digesting the protein-containing sample to simulate digestion that would occur inside a mammalian body. The sample can then be optically analyzed to measure the amount of reactive amine present in the sample, which can provide an indication of the amount of amino acid released during digestion. In some examples, the measured reactive amine value is adjusted to account for the stronger and/or weaker optical response of certain amino acids due to their relative reactivity with an optical tagging agent. Thereafter, an in vivo protein digestibility value can be calculated based on adjusted amine concentration.

Abstract: To provide a method for simply measuring ethanolamine phosphate in a sample, and a reagent, kit, program and the like useful in the method. A measurement method of ethanolamine phosphate includes a first step of adding an enzyme, which can catalyze a reaction that forms acetaldehyde from ethanolamine phosphate, to a sample, and conducting a first enzymatic reaction to form acetaldehyde, phosphoric acid and ammonia; and a second step of quantifying at least one of the resultant acetaldehyde, phosphoric acid and ammonia to determine an amount of the ethanolamine phosphate in the measurement sample.

Abstract: To provide a method for measuring HDL-C capable of enhancing the consistency with the measured value in accordance with a standard measuring method such as a DCM, even in a case where a specimen such as dyslipidemia exhibiting a special disease state is used as a measurement sample. HDL-C is measured by reacting a measurement sample, and cholesterol ester hydrolase and cholesterol oxidase, or cholesterol ester hydrolase and cholesterol dehydrogenase, in the presence of a compound represented by following general formula (I): wherein R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a linear or branched alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R2, R3 and R4 are the same as or different from each other and represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and X? represents an anion, and a polyanion.