Abstract: A control device for a vehicle has a compressor for an air-conditioning device that is driven by a vehicle drive source, and a condenser for the air-conditioning device that is disposed at a front side of the vehicle. A request torque to the vehicle drive source is determined as a sum of an air-conditioning load which is spent for driving the compressor and a running torque necessary to drive the vehicle by a drive wheel. The running torque is calculated based on an accelerator manipulation of a driver. A range-position signal indicating a selected range position is read. A value of the air-conditioning load when the air-conditioning device is in operation and the range position is in a Reverse-range is larger than a value of the air-conditioning load when the range position is in a Drive-range with respect to an identical refrigerant pressure of the air-conditioning device.

Abstract: An air vent is described, having a housing with an air discharge opening, a first connection to an air supply channel and a continuous flow channel. The flow channel is curved at least at two opposite sections such that the cross-section of the flow channel increases toward the air discharge opening, and the at least two sections (26; 28) have openings (30, 32, 34), each of which opens into a chamber located behind the sections. Each chamber has a second connection, separate from the first connection, for supplying or removing air so as to generate an overpressure and/or vacuum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fragrancing device comprising a housing, a fragrance cartridge, a closure element and a blower, wherein the fragrance cartridge and/or the blower and/or the closure element is arranged inside the housing and the housing has a first opening and a second opening, wherein an air flow can flow through the housing from the first opening to the second opening, wherein the fragrance cartridge can be exposed and closed by the closure element, wherein the first opening and/or the fragrance cartridge is arranged upstream of the blower relative to the air flow direction in the housing and the second opening is arranged downstream of the blower relative to the air flow direction in the housing.

Abstract: A motor vehicle is proposed, comprising a vehicle roof, which extends between a front roof edge and a rear roof edge, wherein a tailgate is articulated thereto in the region of the rear roof edge. The tailgate limits a vehicle interior in the rear and is pivotable about an axis that extends in the transverse direction of the roof. A displaceable rear window covers a window cut-out of the tailgate in a closed position and which at least partially clears the window out-out in an open position. The rear window, when being displaced from the closed position into the open position, is shifted to a position under the vehicle roof.

Abstract: A sun glare shield which attaches to the rearview mirror mounting post of most passenger vehicles to block unwanted sunlight that comes in around the rearview mirror when driving into a low sun, designed to prevent the driver from being blinded by the glare. The glare shield consists of one planer panel of foam rubber with a slot coming up from the bottom, in the center, to slide over and grip the rearview mirror's mounting post.

Abstract: A vehicle door structure including: a frame inner that configures an inner wall portion at a door thickness direction inside of a door frame and an upper wall portion at a door up-down direction upper side of the door frame; and a frame outer that configures an outer wall portion at the door thickness direction outside of the door frame and a lower wall portion at the door up-down direction lower side of the door frame, wherein a door up-down direction upper side end portion of the outer wall portion is welded to a door thickness direction outside end portion of the upper wall portion, and a door thickness direction inside end portion of the lower wall portion is welded to a door up-down direction lower side end portion of the inner wall portion, so as to configure a closed cross-section profile together with the frame inner.

Abstract: A door assembly for a motorized vehicle includes a door configured to move between an open position and a closed position, a first member defining a first axis, and a first support member pivotally coupled to the door and defining a second axis. A linkage assembly includes a first arm and a second arm. The first arm and the second arm are pivotally coupled to one another, where the first arm is coupled to the first member at a location offset from the first axis and the second arm defines a first slot. A cross member has a first end and a second end. The first end has a first pin for slideably engaging the first slot and the second end being coupled to the first member. The door is movable between the open and closed positions as the first member pivots about the first axis.

Abstract: A door assembly for a motorized vehicle includes a door configured to move between an open position and a closed position, a first member defining a first axis, and a first support member pivotally coupled to the door and defining a second axis. A linkage assembly includes a first arm and a second arm. The first arm and the second arm are pivotally coupled to one another, where the first arm is coupled to the first member at a location offset from the first axis and the second arm defines a first slot. A cross member has a first end and a second end. The first end has a first pin for slideably engaging the first slot and the second end being coupled to the first member. The door is movable between the open and closed positions as the first member pivots about the first axis.

Abstract: An open roof construction for a vehicle comprises an opening in a stationary roof part and a rollo assembly positioned below said roof opening intended for covering the roof opening. The rollo assembly comprises a rollo screen and a winding shaft for the rollo screen which is rotatable around a stationary axis of rotation, and the rollo screen, starting from the winding shaft, firstly extends in a first direction, next around a reversal member and finally back in an opposite second direction and ends at a rollo screen edge. The reversal member is movable in parallel to said first and second directions in correspondence with the amount of rollo screen being wound on or off said winding shaft. The rollo screen is provided with light emitting members which are activated through connections provided at the interface between said rollo screen edge and a stationary part of the open roof construction.

Abstract: Cover system for a load bed of a vehicle having a winding shaft mounted rotatably in a support structure, a flexible flat structure mounted on the winding shaft for winding and unwinding between a rest position and a covering position and connected to a pull-out profile on an end region spaced from the winding shaft. Two guide rail arrangements are provided on opposite sides of the flat structure in which the pull-out profile is guided. The flat structure is reinforced in a manner over its length via a plurality of transverse bows which extend over an entire width of the flat structure and are guided in the guide rail arrangements.

Abstract: A retractable cover system includes a frame that provides an opening and a drive system. A flexible cover is configured to slide relative to the frame between first and second positions within the opening in response to actuation of the drive system. Multiple spaced apart bows are configured to slide relative to the frame and relative to the flexible cover.

Abstract: A retractable cover system includes a frame that provides an opening and includes laterally spaced apart guide rails and includes a drive system. A flexible cover has laterally opposing edge portions with intermittent retainers received in the guide rails. The retainers are configured to slide relative to the guide rails between first and second positions within the opening in response to actuation of the drive system. Multiple spaced apart bows extend laterally between guide rails. The bows provide a laterally and outwardly extending arc that maintains tension on the flexible cover laterally between the retainers.

Abstract: A retractable cover system includes a frame that provides an opening. A drive system includes a motor operatively connected to a main roller through a first drive element. A resilient member is interconnected between the motor and a second drive element. The main roller is connected to one of the first and second drive elements. A flexible cover is mounted to the main roller and is configured to slide relative to the frame between first and second positions within the opening in response to actuation of the drive system.

Abstract: A cover system for a load bed of a vehicle having a winding shaft mounted rotatably in a support structure, a flexible flat structure mounted on the winding shaft for winding up and unwinding between a rest position and a covering position and connected to a pull-out profile on its front end region remote from the winding shaft. Two guide rail arrangements are provided on opposite sides of the flat structure in which guide rail arrangements the pull-out profile is guided. Each guide rail arrangement has a hollow profile provided with a plurality of cavities which run along the hollow profile, are open or closed toward the flat structure and have guiding or receiving functions for the pull-out profile of the flat structure and a drive transmission.

Abstract: A cover system for a load bed of a vehicle having a winding shaft mounted rotatably in a support structure, a flexible flat structure mounted on the winding shaft for winding and unwinding between a rest position and a covering position and connected to a pull-out profile on a front end region spaced from the winding shaft. Two guide rail arrangements on opposite sides of the flat structure are provided, in which the pull-out profile is guided, and drive system is provided which has a drive motor and a drive transmission laid in the guide rail arrangement and acting on the stable pull-out profile. The drive motor is configured as an electric tubular motor integrated in the winding shaft and driving the winding shaft in opposite rotational directions.

Abstract: A roll-up cover assembly includes a cover assembly comprising first and second side rails and front and rear bumpers, as well as a cover, wherein a lower portion of an inner side of the first side rail is provided with a slideway, an adjustment base, an adjustment screw, an adjustment knob, a receiver; the adjustment base is fixed inside the first side rail and can not be moved; the adjustment base is provided with the adjustment knob thereon, the adjustment screw passes through the adjustment base and the adjustment knob, and an end part of the adjustment screw is snap-fixed into a groove on the receiver; the receiver is a separated-type structure, wherein both of the upper and lower portions are fixed onto the slideway, and when the adjustment knob is turned, the adjustment screw produces a displacement and drives the receiver to slide within the slideway.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a convertible sliding top assembly for use with a vehicle. The convertible sliding top assembly can create an opening on the top of the vehicle by rotating a plurality of arms and folding over a soft cover. The assembly can be designed and shaped to improve aerodynamics when the vehicle is moving and prevent the buildup of water on the soft cover.

Abstract: A roof assembly for a vehicle comprises a stationary part for attaching the roof assembly to the vehicle's fixed roof. At least one closing element is movably supported by the stationary part and is capable of moving between a closed position within the roof opening and an open position in which the rear of the closing element is raised and the closing element is moved rearwardly. The closing element is provided with at least a retaining hook configured to hook behind a locking device on the stationary part in the closed position of the closing element to provide a mechanical lock for the closing element in upward direction. The locking device is movable between a locking position and an unlocking position. The closing element is configured to actuate the locking device to move from the unlocked to the locked position when the closing element is moved to the closed position.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted electronic apparatus includes: a camera that captures images of an outside of the vehicle; a storage chamber in which the camera is stored; a lid that opens and closes an aperture extending between an inside of the storage chamber and an outside of the storage chamber. Moreover, the vehicle-mounted electronic apparatus further includes an opening switch that is actuated in response to pressure applied to the lid and that sends a signal for opening a door of a luggage compartment of the vehicle when the opening switch is actuated. Thus, the opening switch and the camera can be disposed in a same position of the vehicle.

Abstract: A rear vehicle-body structure of a vehicle comprises a storage compartment for storing an openable roof and a back window portion, a deck cover provided to cover over the storage compartment, the deck cover comprising a pair of right-and-left cover side wall portions which are provided to be spaced apart from each other in a vehicle width direction and stand upward and a header portion which is provided to interconnect respective upper ends of the cover side wall portions at a position close to, in a vehicle longitudinal direction, the roof, a cover opening/closing mechanism provided to move the deck cover upward, and a pair of right-and-left front-lower regulation structures provided to regulate positions of respective lower portions of the cover side wall portions relative to the vehicle body.

Abstract: A suspension system for an engine includes an engine mount and an electronic control unit. The engine mount has spring characteristics that are switchable between first spring characteristics and second spring characteristics. The electronic control unit is configured to switch the spring characteristics of the engine mount to the first spring characteristics when the rotational speed of the engine is lower than a predetermined rotational speed, and torque of the engine is equal to or larger than a predetermined torque. The electronic control unit is configured to switch the spring characteristics of the engine mount to the second spring characteristics when the rotational speed of the engine is lower than the predetermined rotational speed, and the torque of the engine is smaller than the predetermined torque.

Abstract: A drive train (10) for driving a motor vehicle has a combustion engine (12) for providing purely mechanical drive for the motor vehicle. A transmission (16) can be coupled to the combustion engine (12) via a shaft unit (14) for transmitting torque between the motor vehicle transmission (16) and the combustion engine (12). A reserve volume (18) is between the combustion engine (12) and the motor vehicle transmission (16) and is penetrated by the shaft unit (14). The reserve volume (18) can accommodate a high-voltage electric machine for purely electric drive of the motor vehicle or a low-voltage electric machine (32) for applying an electrically generated assistance torque to the motor vehicle transmission (16). As a result, a hybrid functionality can be made available to an at least limited degree, with the result that a cost-effective drive train (10) configured for a hybrid motor vehicle is made possible.

Abstract: A radiator support structure includes: a first attachment member that is fixed to a vehicle body, and that supports a radiator body; and a second attachment member that (i) is separate from and unattached to the first attachment member, (ii) is attached to a front side member of the vehicle body through a shock absorbing member that is fixed to a vehicle front-rear direction front end of the front side member, and (iii) supports the radiator body. At least one of the first attachment member and the second attachment member is configured to detach from the radiator body when a collision force in the vehicle front-rear direction is applied to the second attachment member.

Abstract: An active grille shutter arrangement having a modular frame. The active grille shutter arrangement includes a primary frame piece defining a width and height of an aperture of the modular frame, wherein in the primary frame piece has a motor housing, and upper frame portion having a first end and a second end, a lower frame portion having a first end and a second end and the motor housing extends between the upper frame portion and the lower frame portion. There is a plurality of secondary frame pieces. The modular frame of the active grille shutter arrangement is formed by the connection of the primary frame piece in the secondary frame piece, wherein the modular frame defines the aperture. The active grille shutter arrangement further includes a plurality of vanes rotatably positioned between the first end cap and the second end cap for controlling the amount of air flowing through the one or more apertures of the modular frame.

Abstract: Vehicle fluid conduit systems and protectors for such systems are presented. Fluid conduit systems can include a fuel fill system having a fuel filler tube, a re-circulation tube, and a protector. In some embodiments, the protector can include a protector bracket and a bolting plate that extend around the fuel filler tube and re-circulation tube. The protector can include a strap. The strap can extend between the fuel filler tube and re-circulation tube between two or more protector attachment locations.

Abstract: A fuel tank assembly includes a securement structure that may be secured to a fuel tank. The securement structure may stabilize the lower regions of a draw tube and a return tube positioned within the fuel tank such that movement and vibration of the draw and return tubes is reduced during motion of the vehicle to which the fuel tank is secured.

Abstract: A fuel supply device has a module installed in a fuel tank. The module has a cap and a support pillar arranged between the cap and a bottom of the fuel tank. The support pillar supports a suction filter and a level sensor to use the bottom of the fuel tank as a base point for defining proper positions. The cap supports a valve relevant to ventilation of the fuel tank. The valve is supported by a base portion. The valve is positioned in the support pillar. The valve and the support pillar are arranged to overlap each other along the height direction. Various components are arranged in the small cap.

Abstract: A power takeoff unit is comprised of: a casing dividable into a first part and a second part; an inner shaft receiving torque from an engine; an outer shaft independently rotatable and coaxial with the inner shaft; a clutch for connecting the inner shaft with the outer shaft; an actuator configured to connect the clutch; an output shaft for outputting torque; and a gear set drivingly coupling the outer shaft with the output shaft, wherein the outer shaft and the output shaft are rotatably supported by the first part, the clutch is rotatably supported by the second part, and the actuator is fixed to the second part, whereby the clutch and the actuator along with the second part are separable from the first part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powertrain for a motor vehicle having a permanently driven primary axle, comprising: a drive unit for the generation of a drive torque; a first clutch for the transfer of a variable portion of the drive torque to a secondary axle of the motor vehicle; a second clutch for the deactuation of a torque transfer section of the powertrain arranged between the first clutch and the second clutch when the first clutch is opened; and a control unit for the automatic control of the first clutch, with the control unit being connected to at least one sensor for the detection of a wheel slip at the primary axle; with the control unit being made, starting from a deactuated state of the torque transfer section, to close the second clutch in dependence on a detected wheel slip at the primary axle.

Abstract: A vehicle having a head-up display for a lane keep assist system showing augmented reality indicators is provided. The vehicle determines a direction of travel and displays the augmented reality indicators on the head-up display represented at tire positions within the vehicle and angled in the direction of travel.

Abstract: A graphic meter mounted on a vehicle is provided with a display unit of an image display type, which displays an instrument of the vehicle, an acquisition unit which acquires a course information indicating a course of the vehicle and a control unit which is connected to the display unit and the acquisition unit. The control unit controls a display content of a highlight which is displayed in the instrument of the display unit based on a position of a virtual light source located in a virtual space projected on a plane surface. The control unit identifies a change of the course of the vehicle based on the course information acquired by the acquisition unit, and causes the virtual light source to move, according to a result of the identification.

Abstract: A vehicle display device is provided in an electric vehicle including a friction brake and includes: a loss energy calculation module that calculates a loss energy released from the electric vehicle on the basis of an actuation state of the friction brake; a consumption calculation module that calculates an energy consumption consumed by the electric vehicle on the basis of the loss energy; a first efficiency calculation module that calculates a first energy efficiency on the basis of a travel distance and an energy consumption in a first period; a second efficiency calculation module that calculates a second energy efficiency on the basis of a travel distance and an energy consumption in a second period shorter than the first period; and a display control module that controls a display content of an onboard display on the basis of an efficiency difference between the first and second energy efficiencies.

Abstract: The present invention provides a trough used for feeding power to a traveling body in a noncontact manner, a paved structure, and a method of constructing the paved structure. The trough 1a used for a paved structure 5 feeding power to a power receiver provided in a traveling body 2 through an electromagnetic wave, includes: a trough body 10a having a trough depression 100 extending in the direction in which the traveling body 2 runs; a magnetic member 11 laid in the trough depression 100; a power feeding body 12 laid on the magnetic member 11 to feed power to the power receiver through an electromagnetic wave; and a power feeding body protector 13 laid in the trough depression 100 to cover the power feeding body 12.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine, a traction motor, a starter motor, and a battery bank, all controlled by a microprocessor in accordance with the vehicle's instantaneous torque demands so that the engine is run only under conditions of high efficiency, typically only when the load is at least equal to 30% of the engine's maximum torque output. In some embodiments, a turbocharger may be provided, activated only when the load exceeds the engine's maximum torque output for an extended period; a two-speed transmission may further be provided, to further broaden the vehicle's load range. A hybrid brake system provides regenerative braking, with mechanical braking available in the event the battery bank is fully charged, in emergencies, or at rest; a control mechanism is provided to control the brake system to provide linear brake feel under varying circumstances.

Abstract: A power reception-side coil is mounted on the bottom surface of a vehicle body and contactlessly receives power transmitted from a power feeding-side coil disposed on the ground. The power reception-side coil is of a solenoid type such that an electric wire is wound with the vehicle longitudinal direction as a coil axis. A shield member that is a plate-shaped magnetic shield is disposed between the bottom surface of the vehicle body and the power reception-side coil. The shield member has a forward-inclined surface serving as a first wall part protruding downward of the vehicle, the forward-inclined surface being raised and provided at the vehicle front side in a direction of the coil axis with respect to the power reception-side coil.

Abstract: A conductor arrangement structure for a wireless power supply system which is equipped with a ground-side device (3) that is installed on a ground side and has a power-feeding coil (L1) and a vehicle-side device (2) that is installed on a vehicle (1) and has a power-receiving coil (L2) and in which electric power is supplied from the ground-side device (3) to the vehicle-side device (2) without contact, wherein grounding wires (23) are arranged between the power-feeding coil (L1) and the power-receiving coil (L2) so as to extend over a high-potential portion and a low-potential portion of an electric field that is generated when the power-feeding coil (L1) is excited.

Abstract: A power supply device controller 11a of a power supply device 4a and power supply device controllers of power supply devices 4b, 4c validate a time t for detecting the output time of the validation power with output times ta, tb, tc of the validation power, respectively. Because the time t for detecting the output time of the validation power matches the output time ta of the validation power, the power supply device controller 11a determines that a vehicle 3 is parked at a charging station2a comprising the power supply device 4a.

Abstract: A method and a corresponding device are provided for securing a primary coil used for inductive charging. A device for fastening a rail to an underlying surface is provided. The rail has a lower wall and at least one side wall. The device includes a connection strip, which has a longitudinal extent along the rail and which has an adequate width for covering the lower wall and at least partially the at least one side wall of the rail. The connection strip has an outer connection layer on an outer face, which outer connection layer is designed to produce adhesion between the connection strip and the surface along the lower wall of the rail. The connection strip has at least one inner connection layer on an inner face, which inner connection layer is designed to produce adhesion between the at least one side wall of the rail and the connection strip along the at least one side wall of the rail.

Abstract: An automobile quick charge control device include: an electric vehicle body, having a power generator; a power storage module, installed at the electric vehicle body and electrically connected to the power generator, and having batteries connected parallel to each other and having battery units and node switches respectively; a battery management system, electrically connected to the power storage module and the power generator, and the battery management system being electrically connected to the batteries and each node switch of the battery; a vehicle controller, electrically connected to the power storage module, the power generator and the battery management system, for reading information of the battery management system and monitoring the power storage module, and controlling the charge/discharge between the batteries. With the design of batteries and the operation of related control systems, a quick external charge for electric cars is achieved.

Abstract: A charging system of an electric vehicle is provided and is implemented based on a motor and an inverter which are previously mounted within the electric vehicle, without a separate on-board charger. The charging system includes a DC power supply that is configured to store or output DC power and a motor that is configured to drive the electric vehicle. An inverter drives the motor based on a flow of current and an AC power supply outputs the AC power. Additionally, a charging relay is configured to perform a switching operation to supply DC power output from the inverter to the DC power supply and an input relay is configured to perform the switching operation to supply the AC power to the inverter.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for a dual-voltage charging system for electrified vehicles. In one example embodiment, the dual-voltage charging system comprises an integrated active filter auxiliary power module (AFAPM) that applies the integrated AFAPM as an active power filter (APF) to compensate the low frequency harmonics in the high voltage (HV) battery charger when the HV battery is charging, and applies the integrated AFAPM as a low voltage (LV) battery charger auxiliary power module (APM) when the HV battery stops charging and starts to charge the LV battery.

Abstract: An electrical storage system includes a main battery, an auxiliary battery, a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a controller. The bidirectional DC-DC converter is provided between the auxiliary battery and a power supply path from the main battery to a driving motor. The bidirectional DC-DC converter steps down an output voltage from the power supply path to the auxiliary battery, and steps up an output voltage from the auxiliary battery to the power supply path. The controller controls charging and discharging of the auxiliary battery. The controller, when an allowable output power of the main battery decreases and an electric power becomes insufficient for a required vehicle output, supplies an electric power to the power supply path by discharging the auxiliary battery by using the bidirectional DC-DC converter.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for swapping the battery on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV may be able to identify and land on an energy provision station autonomously. The UAV may take off and/or land on the energy provision station. The UAV may communicate with the energy provision station. The energy provision station may store and charge batteries for use on a UAV.

Abstract: A system for charging a battery within an at least partially electric vehicle. The system includes a charging device wherein the charging device configured to electrically connect to the at least partially electric vehicle and charge at least one battery by a predetermined amount. The system also includes a network configured to determine the location of the charging device.

Abstract: A system for generating a local autonomous response to a condition of an electric grid by electric vehicle charging stations, comprising: a first electricity meter for reading current, frequency, or voltage from a first electricity supply line to one electric vehicle charging station; a second electricity meter for reading an electric current, frequency, or voltage from the electric grid supplying the plurality of electric vehicle charging stations; a third electricity meter for reading current, frequency, or voltage from a third electricity line from one or more renewable generators; and an electric vehicle charging controller operatively coupled to the first electricity meter, the second electricity meter, the third electricity meter and the electric vehicle charging stations and operable to obtain readings from the first electricity meter, the second electricity meter and the third electricity meter and to control the electric vehicle charging stations based on the obtained readings.

Abstract: A system for charging an electric or hybrid-electric vehicle, the system incorporating: at least one vehicle charging station intermittently connectable to the vehicle; a control server comprising at least one processing unit and a memory; and a computerized information system comprising a display unit displaying a user interface and a user input unit, the computerized information system being communicatively connected to the control server via a data network, wherein the user interface comprises a charging priority selection portion for receiving, via the user input unit, a plurality of charging priorities from an operator of the vehicle, wherein the computerized information system transmits the received plurality of charging priorities to the control server and wherein the control server controls the at least one vehicle charging station based on the transmitted plurality of charging priorities.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a connector for coupling a battery in the vehicle to a load external to the vehicle. An energy management system includes a controller that is programmed to operate the battery in a vehicle according to a target state of charge range that is defined by upper and lower state of charge limits. In response to receiving a request to prepare for power generation at a destination prior to arriving at the destination, the controller increases the lower state of charge limit as the distance to the destination decreases. In response to the request, the battery is operated during the drive cycle to the destination so that the battery state of charge at the destination allows the battery to provide power to the external load for a predetermined period of time before an engine is started.

Abstract: An exemplary electric vehicle includes a data storage module to hold a range of past energy consumption rates for an electric vehicle, and a controller to calculate a predicted energy consumption for the electric vehicle based on variations in the past energy consumption rates across the range. An exemplary vehicle assembly includes a data storage module to hold a range of past energy consumption rates for an electric vehicle, and a controller configured to calculate a predicted energy consumption for the electric vehicle based on variations in the range. An operation of the electric vehicle is configured to alter in response to the predicted energy consumption.

Abstract: A power delivery system for an electric vehicle provides efficient power management for either continuous or intermittent high-performance operation, using a boost stage and an on-board charging circuit. A main battery, configured as a high-capacity power source, supplies power to the electric motor under normal load conditions. An auxiliary boost battery assists the main battery in supplying a high-level current at a higher discharge rate thereby causing the motor to operate in a high-performance drive mode. A charging circuit recharges the boost battery from the main battery during operation of the motor. The charging circuit also maintains a charge balance between the boost battery and the main battery when the two batteries have different chemistries. In one embodiment, participation of the boost battery in powering the electric motor can be controlled automatically according to sensed changes in the load. In another embodiment, power management can be based on timed intervals.

Abstract: A propulsion apparatus powers a vehicle in two dimensions: linearly forward and backward and rotationally in a horizontal plane. A plurality of electric motors applies angular force around a vertical axis of rotation passing through the center of mass of a four wheeled vehicle by delivering unequal magnitude and phase of electrical voltage to four polyphase Alternating Current (AC) motors each individually powering a single wheel. An adaptive torque control circuit transforms operator controlled vehicle steering into current or voltage magnitude and voltage frequency powering each of the four poly-phase AC motors.