Abstract: A blind for closing a storage compartment in a motor vehicle is provided. The blind has slats arranged on rod-shaped guide elements which are slidably guided in guideways. According to the invention, each slat covers two guide elements and is attached to one of the guide elements and rests on the other guide element. The invention enables slats to be long in a sliding direction of the blind while the guideways have a small radius of curvature.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes an apparatus for holding, securing, storing or hanging items, particularly, from a headrest in an automobile. The apparatus may have a double-hook member for receiving items to store or hang. The apparatus may further have a chain or a strap that may be placed around a headrest in an automobile such that the apparatus may hang down the side of the chair.

Abstract: The invention consists of a luggage holder adapted to be attached to the outer surface of a vehicle, wherein the surface of said luggage holder comprises a first and second largely planar portions that are adapted to be rotated about a horizontal axis to a vertical disposition in which it can display visual information to surrounding vehicles. Said first and second portions further having solid bars allowing the mounting and fastening of luggage. Upon said portions, advertisements may be displayed, be they static print displays, or dynamic electronic displays such as LCD screens, LEDs, or the like. To provide an interactive, controlled, self-sustained advertising system along with a dynamic rotatable luggage rack.

Abstract: A support for a mobile device has a front face bearing a stationary jaw. The support includes a moving jaw facing the stationary jaw, mounted in translation on the front face of the support. The moving jaw is able to receive a side edge of the mobile device, and the support further includes at least one guide ramp secured to the support, on which the moving jaw is slidingly mounted between a separated position, in which the mobile device is placed against the moving jaw, and a maintaining position, in which the mobile device is kept pressed against the stationary jaw. The support includes at least one return element, secured to the support, cooperating with the moving jaw over the entire length of the guide ramp and able to grip the mobile device against the stationary jaw.

Abstract: An in-vehicle sensor mounting structure includes an in-vehicle sensor, a bracket that holds the in-vehicle sensor, and a first spring portion. The bracket is fixed to an inner wall of a vehicle interior, and includes an opposed portion that is opposed to the inner wall of the vehicle interior and extends along the inner wall of the vehicle interior. The first spring portion is fixed to the in-vehicle sensor and located between the in-vehicle sensor and the opposed portion. The bracket includes a first restricting portion that restricts movement of the in-vehicle sensor in a direction away from the inner wall of the vehicle interior, and the first spring portion applies force to the in-vehicle sensor in the direction away from the inner wall of the vehicle interior.

Abstract: A monitor adapted for mounting in an automobile headrest is provided. A screen structure of the monitor is pivotable about an upper edge thereof, such that the monitor occupies little volume within the headrest. A viewing angle of the screen structure is independently adjustable by a viewer, such that the viewer can continuously select the optimum viewing angle with changing conditions inside the automobile. The screen structure automatically retracts into a housing when struck. Thus, the monitor poses little risk of injury to passengers. The housing of the monitor is attachable to the headrest with screws, which provides a very sturdy connection and reduces the chances of the housing becoming detached from the headrest during a vehicle collision. The hinged connection between the screen structure and the housing is preferably constructed of interconnected components made from sturdy materials, such as metals.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for displaying or projecting images on a vehicle are described herein. The system includes a mount bar for engaging a hitch receiver tube of a vehicle, and an intermediate arm having a first end rotationally coupled with the mount bar, where the first end is lockable in a position with respect to the mount bar. The system also includes a projector arm having a first end rotationally coupled with a second end of the intermediate arm, where the first end of the projector arm is lockable in a position with respect to the second end of the intermediate arm.

Abstract: A retractable workstation that is mounted within the dashboard of a vehicle is provided. In the retracted position the workstation is hidden from sight, while in the extended position it provides a convenient and ergonomic desk for use by the front seat passenger. The retractable workstation includes a desktop and may additionally include a rear desk organizer and/or an integrated display screen and/or an integrated keyboard.

Abstract: An on-vehicle camera mounting structure includes a bracket arranged on a window, and a spring part that is arranged in the bracket and applies force in a direction towards the window onto the on-vehicle camera.

Abstract: A vehicle trim structure has a vehicle floor, a bracket assembly, a main body and a side trim panel. The vehicle floor has a plurality of first attachment parts located within a central region of a vehicle passenger compartment. The bracket assembly has a plurality of second attachment parts and at least one alignment pin. The plurality of second attachment parts are fastened to the first attachment parts. The at least one alignment pin is rigidly fixed to the bracket assembly. The main body has a horizontally extending slot along a leading edge thereof with the alignment pin being inserted into the horizontally extending slot positioning the main body relative to the bracket assembly and the vehicle floor. The side trim panel is installed to a side of the center console concealing the horizontally extending slot and the at least one alignment pin.

Abstract: A wire protecting member (10) accommodates and protects wires (11, 12) to be routed in a vehicle inside. The wire protecting member (10) includes an corrugated tube (40) with an inner tube portion (41) open on an end and having the wires (11, 12) inserted therein, a grommet (60) including an outer tube portion (61) having an inner diameter larger than an inner diameter in the case of external fitting to the inner tube portion (41) without any clearance and having the wires (11, 12) inserted therein. An auxiliary grommet (90) is interposed between the inner tube portion (41) and the outer tube portion (61) to couple the corrugated tube (40) and the grommet (60).

Abstract: Provided is a power supply device for supplying power to a slide door via a wire harness, in which the wire harness is arranged invisible, which can improve bending durability of the wire harness with respect to sliding action of the slide door, and which can be used for the wire harness for multicircuit. In the power supply device, the wire harness is routed from a slide door arm through inside a slide door rail, through a roller and a guide plate and to a case. All the time during the operation of the slide door from a fully-opened state to a fully-closed state of the slide door, the wire harness is stored in a groove of the slide door rail or in the case.

Abstract: A bicycle electrical system is provided with a first electric component, a second electric component, a first wireless communication unit, a first power source, and a second wireless communication unit. The first wireless communication unit and the first power source are electrically connected to at least the first electric component. The second wireless communication unit is electrically connected to at least the second electric component. The first electric component can communicate with the first wireless communication unit. The second electric component can communicate with the second wireless communication unit. At least the first wireless communication unit and the second wireless communication unit are attached to the bicycle without interposing the first electric component and the second electric component.

Abstract: An electric power source system for a vehicle includes a lead-acid battery electrically connected with the starting device in parallel as a first storage battery, a second storage battery electrically connected with the starting device in parallel, a switch device disposed between the lead-acid battery and the second storage battery on an electrical path connecting the lead-acid battery with the second storage battery, at least one electrical load electrically connected to the electrical path and disposed closer to the lead-acid battery, and a switch controller controlling the switch device to maintain a closed state except an engine start duration while the engine is being started by a starting device after a power of the vehicle is turned on.

Abstract: There is provided a bumper absorber attachment structure including (1) bumper reinforcement, (2) a first engaged portion that is formed at a vehicle upper side of a side face at a vehicle front side of the bumper reinforcement, (3) a second engaged portion that is formed at a vehicle lower side of the side face at the vehicle front side of the bumper reinforcement, (4) a bumper absorber that includes a thinned portion, an upper leg, and a lower leg, (5) a first engagement portion that is formed at a vehicle rear side of the upper leg, and that engages with the first engaged portion, and (6) a second engagement portion that is formed at a vehicle rear side of the lower leg, and that engages with the second engaged portion in a case in which the bumper absorber is displaced toward the vehicle lower side in a collision.

Abstract: A thermistor-based system and method for distinguishing between adult and child passengers and, of the child passengers, between those seated in a child restraint system and those seated in a child booster is provided. The disclosed inventive concept includes at least one classification thermistor/temperature sensing device, at least one reference thermistor, an algorithm to compute and classify conditions, and related wiring and hardware. The classification thermistor/temperature sensing device is located within in a seat cushion assembly and a seat back. The temperature sensors are used to detect heat transfer between an object in contact with the cushion through the seat trim and, if applicable, some amount of seat comfort base material. The reference thermistor may be provided to enhance robustness of classification determination.

Abstract: An occupant protection device for protecting an occupant in frontal and oblique crashes. The occupant protection device operates an airbag and switches a load limiting restraint load of the seat belt between a first load limit value and a second lower load limit value. A switching unit switches the restraint load based upon the physique of the occupant, and lateral acceleration or movement of the occupant during an impact. The second load value is set for a small physique occupant. The load value is switched from the first to the second load value after a predetermined time if the lateral acceleration or occupant movement falls below predetermined levels. For a large physique occupant with lateral acceleration or movement exceeding predetermined levels, the load limiter does not switch to the second load value after the predetermined time.

Abstract: A rollover protection element (4) having a rollover element (5, 10, 110, 210) of elongate configuration and a bumper element (6, 11, 111, 211) connected at a free end of the rollover element (5, 10, 110, 210). The bumper element (6, 11, 111, 211) extends in a width direction of the rollover element (5, 10, 110, 210). The bumper element (6, 11, 111, 211) has a circumferential-side wall and webs that are arranged within the wall, a lower-side region of the wall of the bumper element (6, 11, 111, 211) is connected to the rollover element (5, 10, 110, 210). The webs are arranged in a curved and/inclined manner such that none of the webs lies perpendicularly on the lower-side region of the wall.

Abstract: An air bag case includes: a bottom wall portion including a bottom wall configuring portion; a side wall portion including a side wall configuring portion, wherein: the side wall configuring portion is bent so as to rise from an outer circumferential edge of the bottom wall configuring portion of the single metallic sheet material; a plurality of joining piece portions, provided on the side wall configuring portion, are superposed on corresponding joined portions to be crimped together to thereby maintain a rising shape of the side wall portion from the bottom wall portion; and the joining piece portions are disposed substantially parallel to the bottom wall portion together with the joined portions and are superposed on the joined portions so that the joining pieces portions and the joined portions are partially crimped together in a direction which is substantially at right angles to the bottom wall portion.

Abstract: A vehicle seatback assembly includes an outer shell coupled to a seatback carrier via a releasable coupling arrangement. The releasable coupling arrangement can take various forms in order to securely couple the outer shell to the seatback carrier. A seatback frame is disposed between the seatback carrier and the outer shell in assembly. An airbag module is coupled to the seatback frame, and the releasable coupling arrangement is configured to release upon deployment of an airbag from the airbag module to define a peripheral gap between the outer shell and seatback carrier through which the airbag can be deployed.

Abstract: An airbag device includes: a case configured to receive an airbag that is folded, configured to enable the airbag under inflation to protrude from an upper opening, and including a bottom wall portion and a side wall portion that rises in a substantially tubular shape from a peripheral edge of the bottom wall portion; and a coupling member surrounding the case and coupled to the case by a fixing member, wherein: the case is formed to retain a rising shape of the side wall portion from the bottom wall portion by performing a bending process on a sheet metal material; and the joining piece portion and the joined portion include through-holes, and are coupled to each other and are coupled to the coupling member using the fixing member penetrating through-holes in a state in which the joining piece portion and the joined portion are superimposed on each other.

Abstract: An airbag apparatus includes a cylindrical-shaped inflator that generates gas, an airbag that is inflated by the gas generated by the inflator, a retainer body to which the inflator is attached and fixed and including an insertion hole into which the inflator can be inserted, a flange member that is caulked or press-fitted to the inflator and that constrains the inflator from moving toward one end side in an axial direction and includes an insertion hole into which the inflator can be inserted and a flange surface extending outward in a radial direction, and a retaining member that constrains the inflator from moving toward another end side in the axial direction. The inflator is attached and fixed to the retainer body by bolting the retainer body and the flange member.

Abstract: An airbag system for a motor vehicle includes an airbag arrangement with at least one airbag and a gas generator for filling the airbag arrangement. A base body includes two end regions, and an ignition element protrudes from the base body between the two end regions. The folded airbag arrangement in a packed state envelops at least one of the end regions in multiple layers on one part of its outer periphery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas generator, including: a cylindrical housing attached with an ignition device at one end and a diffuser portion, which has a gas discharge port, at the other end; and a combustion chamber charged with a molded article of a gas generating agent in the remaining space inside the cylindrical housing, the combustion chamber provided with a plurality of grooves serving as a gas discharge path, the plurality of the grooves serving as a gas discharge path being formed plurally and continuously in a longitudinal direction of the cylindrical housing and arranged in a circumferential direction of the cylindrical housing, a size of the grooves in the lateral direction being adjusted to be less than a minimum length of the molded article of the gas generating agent, and combustion gas, which is generated by combustion of the molded article of the gas generating agent at a time of actuation, flowing along the grooves serving as a gas discharge path and being discharged from the gas d

Abstract: An airbag module is disclosed for use in a motor vehicle, with an airbag and a gas generator. In such an airbag module, the airbag includes at least one actuator area and at least one retention area. The actuator area serves to act on a component of the motor vehicle that borders the airbag module. Further proposed is a use of such an airbag module, in which the actuator area serves to act on the front hood of the motor vehicle, and the retention area serves to cover an A-pillar of the motor vechicle, or retention areas serve to cover the A-pillar and a windshield wiper area adjacent to a windshield.

Abstract: In a through anchor (10), a bush (18) is molded to the entire periphery of a securing hole (14) in an anchor plate (12), and the anchor plate (12) is secured at the bush (18) to a vehicle body by a bolt (20). Here, when the through anchor (10) is rotated about the bolt (20), a tube portion (18A), flange portions (18B), and projecting portions (18C) of the bush (18) slide on the vehicle body and the bolt (20). For this reason, rotational performance of the through anchor (10) can be improved.

Abstract: A vehicular seat belt assembly can include a pair of lateral webbing strips configured to extend laterally across a first portion of vehicular passenger, distal ends being statically secured to the vehicular support structure, and proximal ends being selectively connected to and disconnected from each other. A pair of upper body strips can be configured to contact a second portion the passenger. An anchor can be statically secured to the vehicular support structure, and configured to guide each of the upper body strips so as to enable a change in a direction of extension of the upper body strips, and to thereby absorb a portion of a load created by the force applied to the passenger and applied to the upper body strips. A retractor assembly can be configured to enable length adjustment of the upper body strips if the load is below a certain threshold level.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a mounting plate having at least one deformable opening arranged to receive a securing member. The opening is configured to deform when a load on the mounting plate exceeds a predetermined threshold. The apparatus includes a ring member connected to the mounting plate. The ring member includes an opening to receive a strap there-through.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antitheft device for a motor vehicle steering column, comprising: —a locking means mounted in a movable manner between an unlocked position in which it is intended to be disposed away from the steering column and a locked position in which it is intended to prevent said steering column from moving, and—a cam (12) intended to rotate as one with a lock plug (5) in order to actuate the locking means depending on the position of the lock plug (5), characterized in that the cam (12) comprises: —a nonreturn profile (13) intended to engage with a complementary assembly member (15) that is configured to prevent the cam (12) from rotating in the opposite direction once it has reached a predetermined angular position, and —a push-locking recess (14) intended to receive a stop (20, 21) that is intended to engage with a complementary assembly member (15) that is configured to prevent the cam (12) from rotating in a predetermined direction of rotation from a predefined angular position and to a

Abstract: A double-security anti-theft emergency switch, specially suitable for batteryless race motor vehicles comprising a fixed assembly integral with the vehicle and cooperating with a movable key which is tied up to the driver by means of an even partially elastic lace, is disclosed. The double security is bound to the presence of a first normally closed switch whose opening, via the movable key, is necessary to disconnect the ignition circuit of the motorcycle from ground and to allow the engine to start-up, so as to produce the electrical power necessary for an RFID system to monitor a transponder comprised in the movable key. Should the outcome of this transponder test be unsuccessful, a second normally open switch would be closed and would ground the ignition circuit of the engine and lock the motorcycle.

Abstract: A controller for a vehicle includes: an engine controller that outputs a stop request to stop an engine when a stop condition is satisfied, and that outputs a start request to start the engine or resume the engine from a stop preparation state when a start condition is satisfied; a brake controller that, at least in a period between the outputs of the requests by the engine controlling part, automatically generates a braking force for keeping parking regardless of a driver's brake operation and that in a case where an accelerator operation amount is smaller than a predetermined ratio, when the start request has been output and the engine is being—resumed from the stop preparation state to a normal rotation state, the brake controller reduces a brake pressure to a first predetermined pressure in a shorter time than when the engine is being started from a stopped state.

Abstract: A method for controlling a vehicle includes automatically controlling vehicle brakes to decelerate the vehicle at a braking deceleration rate in response to an anticipated stop at a traffic signal and an adaptive cruise control system being active. The method further includes, in response to the vehicle decelerating to an intermediate speed, releasing the vehicle brakes. The intermediate speed is determined such that, at the intermediate speed, a coasting distance to a full stop is approximately equal to a distance to the traffic signal.

Abstract: A method for detecting an operating state of a vehicle, includes selecting the operating state from at least a first or a second operating state for a vehicle that includes a pneumatic brake system and a pneumatic control connection for connecting the pneumatic brake system to a further pneumatic brake system of a trailer. The method includes the following steps: applying pressure to the control connection until a starting pressure in the control connection is set; opening the control connection such that a pressure between the control connection and an environment is equalized; detecting a temporal pressure pattern during the pressure equalization; comparing the temporal pressure pattern to a reference pressure pattern; determining an evaluation result based on the comparison of the temporal and the reference pressure pattern; and assigning the evaluation result to the first or the second operating state of the vehicle.

Abstract: A plug for sealing an aperture in a brake actuator housing is provided that provides improvements in installation and retention of the plug and protection for sealing surfaces. The plug includes a retention member including a body defining an aperture configured for alignment with the actuator housing aperture along an axis extending through the apertures. The retention member further includes a plurality of alignment tabs extending radially from the body. The tabs are configured to be received within a plurality of notches formed in a retaining ring affixed to the housing when the retention member is disposed in an unlocked position and configured to be disposed on a first side of the retaining ring when the retention member is rotated about the axis to a locked position. The plug further includes a seal configured to be received within the aperture in the body. The seal closes the second aperture.

Abstract: A method for generating torque commands includes: setting a threshold increase rate and a threshold decrease rate of an initial torque command according to performance of a torque source; comparing an increase rate of the initial torque command with the threshold increase rate, while generating a final torque command based on the initial torque command; determining a first time at which the increase rate of the initial torque command reaches the threshold increase rate, and generating the final torque command which increases according to the threshold increase rate after the first time, when the increase rate of the initial torque command is greater than the threshold increase rate; determining a second time at which the final torque command reaches the initial torque command, and calculating a torque loss amount between the first time and the second time, when the final torque command reaches the initial torque command after the first time; and generating the final torque command for correcting the torque lo

Abstract: A powertrain system employing multiple propulsion torque actuators is described. A method for controlling the powertrain system includes interpreting a driver request, including determining a driver torque request and a regenerative braking request based upon driver inputs to an accelerator pedal and a brake pedal. A desired request is determined based upon the driver torque request and the regenerative braking request. Torque limits for the powertrain system are coordinated based upon the desired request, the driver torque request, and a previous driver torque request to determine upper and lower output torque limits, and the upper and lower output torque limits are combined with system constraints to generate a final torque request. The final torque request is employed to determine torque commands for the propulsion torque actuators, and the propulsion torque actuators are controlled based upon the torque commands for the propulsion torque actuators.

Abstract: The hybrid construction machine includes an engine 11, an electric motor/generator 14, a hydraulic pump unit 17, an electricity storage device 16, an inverter 15, a temperature regulator (16D or 16E), and a hybrid control unit 22. The hybrid control unit 22 executes at least one of first control for controlling a warming-up battery temperature regulator 16D so that it increases a temperature of the electricity storage device 16, second control for controlling the inverter 15 so that it reduces the power output from the inverter 15, and third control for controlling a pump capacity control unit 21 so that it reduces the flow rate of a hydraulic fluid delivered from the hydraulic pump unit 17, according to a charge/discharge history of the electricity storage device 16.

Abstract: In the first mode, the vehicle gives priority to traveling in which only the motor is driven. In the second mode, the vehicle drives at least one of the internal combustion engine and the motor to sustain a stored power amount of the storage battery. At least one of a plurality of zones includes a load unknown portion, in which the travel load cannot be calculated. The planning unit is configured to set a zone including the load unknown portion to the first mode.

Abstract: A method of controlling a hybrid vehicle includes automatically varying a current vehicle speed away from a target vehicle speed. The automatic variation of vehicle speed is response to an adaptive cruise control system being active with a target vehicle speed being selected, and in response to an anticipated change in power demand for maintaining the target vehicle speed. The anticipated change in power demand is based on a detected upcoming change in road grade, and the automatica variation in current vehicle speed away from the target vehicle speed is performed prior to arriving at the change in road grade.

Abstract: A controller for a hybrid vehicle is a controller used for a hybrid vehicle that is equipped with an internal combustion engine, a rotating electric machine, and an electric storage device, and that is capable of an external power supply. The controller includes a required-power information obtaining section that obtains required power, and a control section that controls the hybrid vehicle so as to cause the internal combustion engine to drive the rotating electric machine in order to supply power generated by the rotating electric machine to the outside of the hybrid vehicle without charging the electric storage device, when the required power is greater than predetermined power.

Abstract: A control system for a hybrid vehicle configured to reduce frequency of establishing an engine braking force is provided. The control system is configured to operate a first motor as a motor to increase torque of an output member while halting the output shaft of the engine by a brake, and to increase the deceleration torque of the second motor, if a state of charge of the battery is higher than a predetermined threshold level when deceleration of the hybrid vehicle is demanded.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling an engine operating point of a hybrid electric vehicle are provided to determine charging and discharging tendency based on a moving average of an engine torque and a demand torque as well as a dynamical event capture. The method includes detecting a demand torque of a driver and determining a charging and discharging tendency by calculating a moving average based on the demand torque. System efficiency is then reflected using a dynamical event capture and the charging and discharging tendency is leveled. A compensation amount of the operating point is also determined based on the leveling of the charging and discharging tendency and the operating point of the hybrid electric vehicle is adjusted based on the compensation amount of the operating point.

Abstract: A control device of a vehicle enables an engine to be operated at an operating point with a good fuel consumption efficiency, to perform power generation, without causing a sense of incongruity about noise or vibrations to a driver. With the control device, the engine is operated so that generated power of a generator increases in response to electric power required of the vehicle. Thus, the engine can be operated at an operating point with a satisfactory fuel consumption efficiency. When in an acceleration state, the engine is operated so that the increase amount of generated power is set to be larger than when in a deceleration state. When in the deceleration state, the engine is operated so that an increase in generated power, is suppressed and an increase in noise is curbed.

Abstract: A vehicle control system for preventing malfunction of the clutch for selectively connecting the engine with the power train. The vehicle control system is applied to a vehicle having an engine, a motor disposed on a power train, and a clutch interposed therebetween. In order to prevent a malfunction of the clutch, the vehicle control system is configured to engage the clutch while causing a slip but without starting the engine if the engine has not yet been started.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an unit that plans any driving mode of an EV mode in which the motor is used as the drive source and an HV mode in which at least the engine is used as the drive source for each section, into which a route from the current location to the destination is partitioned, when a load for running in each section is set. The setup unit plans the mode using an aspect in which the HV mode is preferentially planned for a section including at least one of a current section including the current location and a section after the current section when a remaining amount of the battery is lower than a threshold of the remaining amount of the battery, and regenerative energy obtained from running load information is higher than or equal to a value determining a restoration of the remaining amount of the battery.

Abstract: An engine electronic control unit of a hybrid vehicle is configured to execute in-abnormality starting control for starting an engine when the engine is cranked in a state where abnormality occurs to communication between the engine electronic control unit and a hybrid electronic control unit. The hybrid electronic control unit is configured to execute in-abnormality cranking control for controlling the first motor such that the engine is cranked when the abnormality occurs to the communication between the engine electronic control unit and the hybrid electronic control unit. In addition, the hybrid electronic control unit is configured to execute in-abnormality electric travel control for controlling the second motor such that the hybrid vehicle travels only by power from the second motor when the in-abnormality cranking control is executed but the engine is not started.

Abstract: A vehicle, a vehicle parking assist system, and a parking method, is provided. A powertrain and a steering system may be operated to guide the vehicle into a parking location to complete a drive cycle based on a default tire radius, a tire angular velocity acquired during a drive cycle in response to a steering angle of the steering system exceeding a threshold value, and wheel and GPS vehicle speeds for the drive cycle.

Abstract: A system for parallel parking a vehicle in a target parking space is provided herein. A sensing system is configured to detect objects located proximate the target parking space. A park assist system is communicatively coupled to the sensing system. The park assist system is configured to automatically steer the vehicle during a backing maneuver into the target parking space while limiting the speed of the vehicle based on a steering wheel angle. The sensing system is also configured to automatically steer the vehicle during maneuvers inside the target parking space while limiting the speed of the vehicle based on a relative position of at least one of a rear bounding object and a front bounding object.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments enable masked priming stimuli to be provided to machine operators in advance of audible warnings issued by a safety warning system of a manned machine system when an emergency is imminent. In the various embodiments, the safety warning system of the manned machine system may output a masked priming stimulus in response to the machine operator performing a target action to teach a machine operator to take the target action associated with an emergency.

Abstract: It divides the network communication protocol for the communication between automobile into a software protocol layer (L1), a signal protocol layer and a physical protocol layer wherein the software protocol layer is used for checking coding and decoding the data required to be sent and received by a system, and the signal protocol layer is used for performing combined coding of data package signals and basic light signal on data packages produced by the software protocol layer according to the protocol agreement, and the physical protocol layer is used for converting digital signals and light signals mutually. A device comprises a light receiving apparatus arranged at the head of the automobile and a light emitting device, which collects the operating status information of automobile, performs information exchange with surrounding automobiles through digital information, arranged at the tail of the automobile.