Abstract: A catalyst for purification of exhaust gas, comprising a first catalyst comprising: a first catalyst support comprising a first composite oxide composed of alumina, zirconia, and titania, and ceria supported on a surface of the first composite oxide in an amount of 0.5 to 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the first composite oxide; and a first noble metal supported on a surface of the first catalyst support in an amount of 0.05 to 5.0 parts by mass in terms of metal relative to 100 parts by mass of the first catalyst support.

Abstract: A system includes a controller programmed to monitor an NH3 storage state of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. The controller is programmed to receive signals representative of NH3 and/or NOX concentrations in a fluid both upstream of an inlet and downstream of an outlet of the SCR catalyst, to receive a signal representative of the measured NH3 storage of the SCR catalyst from at least one RF probe disposed within the SCR catalyst, to utilize a model to generate an estimated NH3 storage of the SCR catalyst based at least on the NH3 and/or NOX concentrations in the fluid both upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst, to compare the estimated NH3 storage to the measured NH3 storage, and to output a control action for the SCR catalyst based at least on the comparison of the estimated NH3 storage to the measured NH3 storage.

Abstract: A flow path member (10) includes: a first net (11) having first filaments (11A) and second filaments (11B) that are joined together so that the first filaments (11A) extend in a first direction and form one surface of the first net (11) and the second filaments (11B) extend in a second direction that intersects the first direction and form the other surface of the first net (11); and second nets (12) each having smoother surfaces than the surfaces of the first net (11). The second nets (12) are disposed on both sides of the first net (11). Thus, damage to a separation membrane is reduced and pressure drop is reduced.

Abstract: A membrane filtration module configured for use in a filtration reactor, the module comprising: hollow fibre membranes configured to perform filtration of feed fluid in the reactor; and a vibration mechanism configured to vibrate the hollow fibre membranes to generate shear stresses on the surface of the hollow fibre membranes for reducing fouling of the hollow fibre membranes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of a solvent-stable polymer membrane, in which a poly(meth)acrylonitrile-comprising solution which comprises, at the same time, a crosslinker, is used. The solution can be poured as a film and the film can be crosslinked. Likewise, it is possible to spin a hollow thread membrane from the solution and subsequently to crosslink this. The thereby produced polymer membrane based on poly(meth)acrylonitrile or copolymers derived herefrom is distinguished by a crosslinking configured throughout. In addition, a solution is described, comprising a solvent and also, dissolved therein, a poly(meth)acrylonitrile or copolymer derived herefrom and also a crosslinker for the polyacrylonitrile which is suitable for the method according to the invention for the production of the polymer membranes according to the invention.

Abstract: A process for preparing a chemical liquid of a silylating agent that has a reduced metal impurity concentration, and a surface treatment method using a chemical liquid of a silylating agent obtained by the preparation process. The process includes reducing metal impurities contained in an untreated chemical liquid of a silylating agent using an ion-exchange resin membrane that has been brought into contact with an organic solvent in advance. A surface treatment method that hydrophobizes a substrate surface includes exposing, to the substrate surface, a chemical liquid of a silylating agent obtained by the above process for preparing a chemical liquid of a silylating agent.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane-spinning nozzle that spins a hollow fiber membrane having a porous membrane layer and a support is provided in which the nozzle includes a resin flow channel through which a membrane-forming resin solution forming the porous membrane layer flows, the resin flow channel includes a liquid storage section that stores the membrane-forming resin solution and a shaping section that shapes the membrane-forming resin solution in a cylindrical shape and satisfies at least one of conditions (a) to (c): (a) the resin flow channel is disposed to cause the membrane-forming resin solution to branch and merge; (b) a delay means for delaying the flow of the membrane-forming resin solution is disposed in the resin flow channel; and (c) the liquid storage section or the shaping section includes branching and merging means for the membrane-forming resin solution therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides high flux aromatic alkyl-substituted polyethersulfone membranes and methods for making and using these membranes for gas separations. The membranes may be fabricated into any known membrane configuration including a flat sheet or a hollow fiber. The present invention also provides high selectivity UV cross-linked aromatic alkyl-substituted polyethersulfone membranes and methods for making and using these membranes for gas separations.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a composite semi-permeable membrane having high processing efficiency even when processing of wastewater having a suspended matter content high enough to tend to result in clogging, said processing efficiency being unlikely to decline even under elevated-pressure operation accompanying continuous use at high pressure. The present invention pertains to a composite semi-permeable membrane having a polymer porous layer on one surface of a nonwoven cloth layer, and a polyamide separation function layer on the polymer porous layer, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the polymer porous layer to the thickness of the nonwoven cloth layer is 0.22 to 0.45.

Abstract: An aerator assembly for diffusing a gas in a liquid, including a gas supply conduit and at least one aerator, wherein the gas supply conduit and the aerator are releasably joined to each other by an attachment. The attachment includes a flexible body and a compressor, wherein the attachment is arranged to be reversibly set in an inactive mode, in which the gas supply conduit and the at least one aerator are in mutually released mode, as well as in an active mode in which the flexible body is compressed in its axial longitudinal direction by the compressor and clamps the at least one aerator and the gas supply conduit against each other.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a disperser which can be easily installed without any air pump, a transfer pope and a porous disperser in such a way to install an impeller, which is employed to discharge water and at the same time to suck air, at an end portion after a shaft employed to transfer the driving force of a driving motor has been connected underwater, wherein the disperser of the present inventive concept is easy to maintain without cleaning due to the plugging, whereupon maintenance is easy and the applicability of the product is good.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure involves a re-aeration device and re-aeration method for constructed wetland. In one aspect, the re-aeration device comprises a re-aeration pipe and a windmill. The re-aeration pipe has a tubular structure with openings at both ends; one end inserts into the wetland substrate, and the other end connects with the windmill for receiving and accelerating air flow. The re-aeration pipe may also contain several telescoped or parallel arranged pipes with openings at both ends as well as with different pipe diameters and lengths, which connect with the windmill to form the re-aeration device. The present disclosure also provides a method of re-aeration for constructed wetlands by using the above-mentioned device. The re-aeration device provided herein has features of being simple in structure, environment friendly, and low-cost.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for mixing and pumping solids and fluids and includes use of a blender including: a casing defining a cavity; a drive shaft extending through a casing opening into the cavity; a slinger having an outer edge, a center, a bottom slinger surface, a top slinger surface, and a plurality of slinger blades extending upwardly from the top slinger surface, wherein the slinger is attached to the drive shaft, and wherein the height of the top slinger surface above the bottom slinger surface continuously increases from the outer edge to the center; and an impeller having a bottom impeller surface and a plurality of impeller blades extending downwardly from the bottom impeller surface, wherein the impeller is positioned below the slinger and is attached to the drive shaft.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing a concentrated product and a liquid. The apparatus includes a body defining an internal volume. A mixing device is positioned at least partially within the internal volume. The mixing device includes one or more vanes that separate the internal volume into a first portion and a second portion when the mixing device is in a first position. The first portion and the second portion are in fluid communication with one another when the mixing device is in a second position.

Abstract: In a fixed-bed flow reaction using a multitubular heat exchange type reactor, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel packing for a reaction tube, which can control the reaction ratio in the vicinity of the reaction tube inlet, reduce the load unevenly placed on the catalyst in the reaction region, and distribute the load on the entire catalyst layer, a heat exchange type reactor, and a reaction method using the reaction tube. The packing for a reaction tube of the present invention is characterized in that the volume is continuously or step-by-step decreased from one end part or midway toward the other end part.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process in which an alkane component is catalytically converted in the presence of an oxygen or oxidizing component (i.e., oxidant). The hydrocarbon conversion process can be an oxidative coupling reaction, which refers to the catalytic conversion of alkane in the presence of oxidant to produce an olefin product, i.e., a composition containing C2+ olefin. Reverse-flow reactors can be used to carry out the oxidative coupling reaction.

Abstract: A mixing reactor (1), the reactor comprising a body (2) having a first inlet (3), a second inlet (5) and an outlet (4), in which there is an inner passage (6) through the body (2) from the first inlet (3) at a first end (12) of the body (2) to the outlet (4) at a second end of the body (2) along a length of the body (2), the inner passage (6) having a side wall (17) along the length, and an outer passage (7) closer to a surface (14) of the body (2) than the inner passage (6), the outer passage (7) running from the second inlet (5) at the second end, travelling through the body (2) along the length and meeting the inner passage (6) at a junction (11) at the first end, the outer passage (7) joining the inner passage (6) through the side wall (17) at the junction (11). Such a mixing reactor can be used for producing particles such as nanoparticles or Metal-Organic frameworks.

Abstract: A system is provided for dispensing a plurality of droplets substantially simultaneously onto a substrate (51). The liquids are stored in wells in a manifold plate (1) and transferred via micro capillaries to a transfer block (31). The transfer block comprises capillary through channels (33) which lead to outlets (41). The transfer block can be moved so that outlets can be brought into contact with the surface of the substrate and capillary action between the outlets and the surface of the substrate will cause a droplet of liquid to be loaded from each outlet onto the surface.

Abstract: Materials such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) and hydrocarbon-containing materials are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, or oil sands, oil shale, tar sands, bitumen, and coal to produce altered materials such as fuels (e.g., ethanol and/or butanol). The processing includes exposing the materials to an ion beam.

Abstract: A system with a non-thermal, repetitively-pulsed gliding discharge reactor for converting gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid fuels efficiently. The system optionally contains a gas separator for removing non-hydrocarbon components from the gaseous hydrocarbon feed to improve efficiency of the system. The system may optionally reclaim hydrogen gas from the product gas for storage, transportation or power generation.

Abstract: High surface energy materials with low refractive index and UV transparency wherein multilayers of similar or dissimilar materials are thermally fused together to form various functional optical requirements are provided. In some embodiments, a photocatalytic biopolymer structure comprising of a UV transparent biopolymer in integrating fused nanophotocatalytic minerals such as Tio2 used for various applications is provided. Many embodiments are based on the integration of nanophotocatalytic minerals fused to a biopolymer structure in which the biopolymer structure is UV transparent (UVT) and allows UV light to be transmitted through the biopolymer structure activating the nanophotocatalytic fused layer.

Abstract: A sequential mixer for mixing a heated hydrocarbon stream and a supercritical fluid to produce an intimately mixed stream upstream of a supercritical reactor. The sequential mixer comprising a body having a body length and a body diameter; a hydrocarbon inlet physically connected to the body, having an inlet diameter, the heated hydrocarbon stream is introduced through the hydrocarbon inlet; a mixed stream outlet physically connected to the body and fluidly connected to the supercritical reactor, having an outlet diameter; a traversing axis extending through the center of the body from the hydrocarbon inlet to the mixed stream outlet; and a plurality of fluid ports physically connected to the body, the plurality of fluid ports are arranged in a port alignment arrayed along the traversing axis, each fluid port has a port diameter and a port angle, the supercritical fluid is injected through the plurality of fluid ports.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to copper oxide-based sorbents, and processes for preparing and using them. The sorbents are preferably used to remove one or more sulfur species from gas streams. The sorbents comprise a porous silica support material impregnated with CuO nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are uniformly distributed throughout the porous silica support and sulfur compounds are adsorbed on the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method for preparing a sorbent precursor, which may be sulphided and used to remove heavy metals such as mercury from fluid streams, includes the steps of: (i) mixing together an inert particulate support material and one or more binders to form a support mixture, (ii) shaping the support mixture by granulation in a granulator to form agglomerates, (iii) coating the agglomerates with a coating mixture powder including a particulate copper compound and one or more binders to form a coated agglomerate, and (iv) drying the coated agglomerate to form a dried sorbent precursor.

Abstract: Provided is a chemical filter for silanol compound removal which is capable of efficiently removing a silanol compound in air. The chemical filter for silanol compound removal of the present invention uses an inorganic silica-based porous material such that a pH of a mixed solution obtained by mixing with pure water (content: 5 wt %) is 7 or less as an adsorbent.

Abstract: A passive NOx adsorber is disclosed. The passive NOx adsorber is effective to adsorb NOx at or below a low temperature and release the adsorbed NOx at temperatures above the low temperature. The passive NOx adsorber comprises a noble metal and a molecular sieve having an OFF Framework Type. The invention also includes an exhaust system comprising the passive NOx adsorber, and a method for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine utilizing the passive NOx adsorber.

Abstract: A novel carbon absorption material is described which is formed from anaerobic digestate. The material has a hollow tubular structure and is particularly advantageous in converting hydrogen sulfide in biogas and in absorbing the converted sulfur and sulfur compounds from biogas into its structure. The material after use as a hydrogen sulfide absorbent has value as a horticultural or agricultural product or as a sulfur impregnated activated carbon. The process for producing this novel carbon absorption material is described. In an embodiment, the process described uses in particular, a humidified inert gas over a temperature range of between about 500° C. to 900° C. to convert anaerobic digestate to an active carbon absorbent. The thermal treatment is relatively mild and retains the fibrous structure of the source material while removing cellulosic and hemicellulosic components from the anaerobic digestate.

Abstract: A method of making carbon-based nano-rods from switchable ionic liquids (SWIL) that incorporates the SWIL is disclosed. Resulting nano-rods provide adsorption and spontaneous desorption of water at selected relative humidity values that find use in selected applications and devices.

Abstract: A filter material is for the selective removal of siloxanes from a gas. The filter material contains a titanium compound, which is an organotitanate and/or a compound, which can be obtained by hydrolysis of an organotitanate. A method for the production of the filter material is also provided to use the filter material for the selective removal of siloxanes from a gas. A gas sensor is provided which includes the filter material.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a process for stably and continuously producing a water-absorbing resin, specifically, a process for stably and continuously producing a water-absorbing resin, the process including a gas absorbing step in which a gas discharged from a step of producing a water-absorbing resin is efficiently and persistently absorbed. A main point of this process for producing a water-absorbing polyacrylic acid (salt) resin further including a step of absorbing a gas discharged from a production step of the water-absorbing polyacrylic acid (salt) resin in water having a pH of 7 to 11 and a polyvalent metal ion content of 100 ppm or less or a step of absorbing the gas in water having a pH of 7 to 11, the pH of the water having been adjusted by mixing a water having an electric conductivity of 500 (?S/cm) or less at 25° C. with an alkali compound.

Abstract: Durably associated soil adsorbing composites, and more particularly to soil adsorbing composites that exhibit improved (lower values) Backscattering Values as measured according to the Soil Flocculation and Settling Test Method described herein compared to non-soil adsorbing composites (such as particulate materials, for example silica and/or pulp fibers, that are not associated, especially durably associated, with a soil adsorbing polymer), soil adsorbing compositions containing same, processes for making same, and methods for using same.

Abstract: Soil adsorbing composites, and more particularly to soil adsorbing composites that exhibit improved (lower values) Backscattering Values as measured according to the Soil Flocculation and Settling Test Method described herein compared to non-soil adsorbing composites (such as particulate materials, for example silica and/or pulp fibers, that are not associated with a soil adsorbing polymer), soil adsorbing compositions containing same, processes for making same, and methods for using same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles, comprising the steps of: —processing an aqueous polymer gel from polymerization of a monomer solution or suspension, —drying the aqueous polymer gel in a conveyer dryer, in particular in a forced air conveyer dryer, wherein —the conveyer dryer has a circulating conveyer belt and the aqueous polymer gel is conveyed on the circulating conveyer belt, and wherein —the circulating conveyer belt is formed as a circulating plate conveyer belt, comprising a number of belt plates separated by a hinge line of a hinge assembly and each belt plate having a surface for receiving the aqueous polymer gel, wherein said hinge assembly comprises a knuckle joint (301) with the hinge line in form of a straight hinge line.

Abstract: Provided is a carrier for an exhaust gas purification catalyst containing aluminum borate particles having a peak (pore peak) exhibiting the highest intensity in a void volume diameter range of from 20 nm to 100 nm in a logarithmic differential void volume distribution measured using a mercury intrusion porosimeter, in order to provide a new catalyst support capable of effectively suppressing a decrease in catalytic performance caused by sulfur (S) component contained in the exhaust gas, in the case of supporting Pd as a catalytically active component.

Abstract: The exhaust gas-purifying catalyst of the invention contains oxide particles having interdispersed therein A crystallites that are loaded with a noble metal and B crystallites that are not loaded with a noble metal. The A crystallites loaded with a noble metal are composed of an oxide containing at least one of zirconium (Zr) and cerium (Ce). The B crystallites not loaded with a noble metal are composed of a cerium (Ce)-containing oxide which has a higher Ce content (mol %) than the oxide making up the A crystallites. The oxide particles have a specific surface area after 5 hours of heat treatment at 1,150° C. in open air of 30 m2/g or more.

Abstract: The composition of the invention is based on oxides of zirconium, cerium, niobium and tin in proportions by weight of oxide of between 5% and 50% for cerium oxide, 5% and 20% for niobium oxide, 1% and 10% for tin oxide and the remainder being zirconium oxide. The composition may be used in a catalytic system for an SCR-type process for treating a gas that contains nitrogen oxides (NOx).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field of control of nitrogen oxide pollution, and involves a high-efficient catalyst for denitration at low temperature and preparation method thereof, which comprises the steps: (1) preparing aqueous solution of cerium nitrate; (2) soaking mesoporous silica materials SBA-15 with aqueous solution from step (1), after stirring, filtrating, washing and drying; (3) calcining materials from step (2) to obtain evenly dispersed CeO2-SBA-15 materials; (4) preparing ethanol solution of manganese nitrate; (5) soaking CeO2-SBA-15 materials from step (3) with ethanol solution of manganese nitrate from step (4) and volatilizing ethanol, washing and drying; (6) calcining materials from step (5) to obtain evenly distributed MnxOy/CeO2-SBA-15 catalyst for denitration; The preparation method has simple process with lower cost, and the obtained MnxOy/CeO2-SBA-15 catalyst has uniform and ordered pores, large specific area, narrow pore size distribution, well dispersity of catalytic components

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zoned diesel oxidation catalyst, wherein the first catalytically active zone and the second catalytically active zone have equal thermal masses, the first catalytically active zone and the second catalytically active zone each contain platinum and palladium as catalytically active constituents, the weight ratio of platinum to palladium in the first catalytically active zone and the second catalytically active zone is the same in each case or is greater in the first catalytically active zone than in the second catalytically active zone, and the total concentration of platinum and palladium in the first catalytically active zone is greater than in the second catalytically active zone.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to three-way catalysts and catalyst formulations capable of simultaneously converting nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons into less toxic compounds. Such three-way catalyst formulations contain ZrO2-based mixed-metal oxide support oxides doped with an amount of lanthanide. Three-way catalyst formulations with the support oxides of the present invention demonstrate higher catalytic activity, efficiency and longevity than comparable catalysts formulated with traditional support oxides.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel mesoporous gold deposited oxidation catalyst of formula: XAu-M0.1Ce0.85Zr0.05O2 wherein X=0.01-10%, M is selected from Cu, Co or Mn and process for the preparation thereof by photodeposition method.

Abstract: A catalytic converter with excellent OSC performance and NOx purification performance. The converter includes a substrate with a cell structure through which exhaust gas flows, and a catalyst layer formed on a cell wall surface of the substrate. The catalyst layer includes a lower catalyst layer and an upper catalyst layer, the lower catalyst layer being formed on a surface of the substrate, and the upper catalyst layer being formed on a surface of the lower catalyst layer. The upper catalyst layer includes at least a zirconia support with rhodium carried thereon, and two types of ceria-zirconia-based composite oxides with different specific surface areas, each of the ceria-zirconia-based composite oxides having no rhodium carried thereon. The lower catalyst layer includes an alumina support with platinum carried thereon, and a ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide.

Abstract: The method for producing an exhaust gas purification catalyst according to the present invention includes sputtering a target material containing Nb and Rh to produce fine composite-metal particles containing Nb and Rh.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for the selective hydrogenation of carbonyl groups, including for the reduction of aldehydes to alcohols, are described. The catalysts incorporate palladium and rhenium on an alumina support. Methods of making the catalysts, and methods of using the catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of furanyl 2-carbaldehydes to 2-furanmethanols, are also presented.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst comprising a new form of ZnFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles, and a method for preparing same. The catalyst is useful for catalyzing the esterification of fatty acids or transesterification of triglycerides, wherein the reaction rate and conversion can be enhanced by free fatty acids.

Abstract: Mesoporous ternary composite materials and a corresponding preparation method are described herein. The method includes the following steps: (1) adding hydrochloric acid and acetic acid into an ethanol solution to prepare a dissolving system; (2) adding a surfactant into the dissolving system and fully stirring for dissolution; (3) adding copper nitrate, manganese nitrate solution and tetrabutyl titanate into the mixed liquid obtained from step (2) and evenly stirring ; (4) transferring the mixture obtained from step (3) into petri dishes and obtaining transparent films after drying; and (5) calcinating the transparent films to obtain mesoporous ternary composite materials. The materials prepared are ordered mesoporous materials with high specific surface areas and high dispersion degree of every component.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to metal oxide catalyst materials useful, for example, in the ammoxidation of propylene or isobutylene, processes for making them, and processes for making acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile using such catalyst materials. In certain aspects, a catalyst material is a fused composite of a metal oxide catalyst and nanoparticulate silica, the nanoparticulate silica comprising in the range of about 40 wt % to about 80 wt % of silica having a particle size in the range of 10 nm to 35 nm, and in the range of about 20 wt % to about 60 wt % of silica having a particle size in the range of 36 nm to 80 nm. The metal oxide catalyst can be, for example, a molybdenum-containing mixed metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: Monodisperse NiPd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized and assembled on graphene (G) or other support to provide clean, efficient catalysis of tandem reactions—dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and hydrogenation of R—NO2 and/or R—CN to R—NH2. The tandem reactions proceed quickly and with high efficiency in aqueous methanol solutions at room temperature, and the supported catalyst is readily recovered for re-use, providing a simple, efficient and ‘green’ route to the preparation of many common pharmaceutical, dye or other chemical products. NiPd alloy NPs of 3.4 nanometer size were prepared by co-reduction of nickel(II) acetate and palladium(II) acetlyacetonate by borane-tert-butylamine in oleylamine and deposited on G via a solution phase self-assembly process. The G-NiPd showed composition-dependent catalysis on the tandem reaction with G-Ni30Pd70 being the most active.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust gas control catalyst including: a substrate (21); and a catalyst layer (22) that is arranged on the substrate, in which the catalyst layer (22) includes a palladium region (23) that contains palladium, aluminum oxide, ceria-zirconia solid solution, and a composite oxide of lanthanum, iron, and zirconium, and a rhodium region (24) that is arranged adjacent to the palladium region along a plane direction of the catalyst layer and contains rhodium, aluminum oxide, and ceria-zirconia solid solution.

Abstract: A process for preparing a tin-containing zeolitic material having a BEA framework structure comprising providing a zeolitic material having a BEA framework structure having vacant tetrahedral framework sites, providing a tin-ion source in solid form, incorporating tin into the zeolitic material via solid-state ion exchange, calcining the zeolitic material, and treating the calcined zeolitic material with an aqueous solution having a pH of at most 5.

Abstract: Methods for producing lactams from oximes by performing a Beckmann rearrangement using a silicoaluminophosphate catalyst are provided. These catalysts may be used in gas phase or liquid phase reactions to convert oximes into lactams. High conversion of oxime and high selectivity for the desired lactams are produced using the disclosed methods, including high conversion and selectivity for ?-caprolactam produced from cyclohexanone oxime and high conversion and selectivity for ?-laurolactam produced from cyclododecanone oxime.