Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including first and second opposing substrates, a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition between the first and second substrates, a plurality of gate lines and data lines arranged in a matrix on the first substrate, thin-film transistors disposed at intersections of the gate lines and the data lines, and pixel electrodes that are driven by the transistors and that are made of a transparent conductive material. Each thin-film transistor includes a gate electrode, an oxide semiconductor layer disposed over the gate electrode with an insulating layer therebetween, and source and drain electrodes electrically connected to the oxide semiconductor layer. The liquid crystal composition contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulas (LC1) and (LC2) and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulas (II-a) to (II-f).

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R11, R12, MG11, MG12, X11, X12 and Sp1 have the meaning given in claim 1, to the use of these compounds of formula I in liquid crystal media and to respective devices comprising a liquid crystal medium according to the present invention and in particular to flexoelectric liquid crystal devices.

Abstract: A polymerizable liquid crystal composition contains a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having good solubility, and is well-aligned without dissolving a substrate or a base material when coated onto the substrate. Moreover, the polymerizable liquid crystal composition causes no coating film unevenness during coating so that a smooth optically anisotropic body can be obtained. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition contains at least one kind of polymerizable liquid crystal compound having one or more polymerizable functional groups in one molecule, and a solvent, wherein the solvent includes a diacetate solvent and a ketone solvent.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The second substrate faces the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric constant anisotropy and an additive. The additive may be 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol in which at least one position of a 3-position, 4-position and 5-position is substituted with a substituent.

Abstract: Liquid crystal compositions comprising a crude liquid crystal sample containing ions and polyamide particles are disclosed. Upon separation of the polyamide particles from the crude liquid crystal sample, a purified liquid crystal sample is produced, which shows a 1-2× reduction in ion concentration. Methods for carrying out purification processes are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device of a PSA type or the like that uses the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition, having a sufficiently fast response speed, capable of 3D displaying. Uniform and stable orientation control can be obtained at a lower energy cost. Provided are the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition containing one or two or more polymerizable compounds represented by general formula (M) as the first component, and containing one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (Na), general formula (Nb), or general formula (Nc) having a naphthalene unit as the second component. The liquid crystal display device uses the same.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of flame retardants and relates to use of sulfenamides as flame retardants, in particular in polymeric substrates.

Abstract: A method of processing a carbonaceous material in the form of carbonaceous fines is provided in which the carbonaceous material is treated with micro-algae to adsorb the micro-algae onto the carbonaceous material followed by heating in a heat activating step. Such heating is effected to a temperature within the range of from that at which water starts evaporating to a temperature at which volatile components of the carbonaceous material start to volatilize. The heating is continued for a duration selected to allow chemical interaction between the micro-algae and the carbonaceous material so as to alter the chemical structure of the carbonaceous material. The carbonaceous material microalgae are preferably in the form of substantially intact cells that are still in a photosynthetically active state. Dry carbonaceous materials may be mixed with micro-algae slurry in water, or micro-algae may be added to carbonaceous material already present in water.

Abstract: Processes for the production of transportation fuel from a renewable feedstock. A gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is used to deoxygenate and hydrogenate the glycerides to produce long chain hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons may be isomerized to improve cold flow properties to provide a diesel fuel. Prior to isomerization, the long chain hydrocarbons can be separated or the separation can be after isomerization. Recycle gas streams from the isomerization and the deoxygenation and hydrogenation reactions may be used to supply at least a portion of the gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Synthesis gas may also be used to supply at least a portion of the gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: Processes for the production of aromatics from a pyrolysis oil. The pyrolysis oil may be obtained from a biomass by fast pyrolysis and may be filtered and upgraded to provide an aromatic rich hydrocarbon product. The aromatic rich hydrocarbon product may be passed to a separation zone to separate non-aromatic hydrocarbons from the aromatics. The remaining aromatics may be separated into aromatic product rich streams based upon the desired aromatics. Isomerization and transalkylation zones may be included to increase the yield depending on the product or desired aromatic. The non-aromatic hydrocarbons may be passed to a reformer to be converted to aromatics and hydrogen.

Abstract: Processes for the production of hydrocarbons from a renewable feedstock in which the renewable feedstock is partially hydrogenated prior to being deoxygenated. The partially hydrogenation utilizes a lower pressure, lower purity or both hydrogen gas compared to the deoxygenation. The partially hydrogenated product may be stored in containers and transported to be deoxygenated. Prior to partially hydrogenation, the feedstock may be pretreated. After deoxygenation an isomerization zone may be used to increase the cold flow properties for a diesel fuel.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a treatment fluid comprising electrolyzed water and an amine, and methods for producing and using same in the treatment of a gas or liquid containing a contaminant such as an acid gas or a sulphur compound.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst composition that comprises a metal-incorporated support having incorporated therein a metal component and a chelating agent, and, further comprising a polar additive. The catalyst composition is prepared by incorporating in a single step at least one metal component and a chelating agent into a support material to form a metal-incorporated support followed by drying the metal-incorporated support and thereafter incorporating therein a polar additive.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating a low sulphur blended feed into very low sulphur and very low aromatic hydrocarbon fluids having a boiling point in the range of from 100 to 400° C. and a boiling range of not more than 80° C., the low-sulphur blended feed including a mixture of: i) a hydrocarbon cut originating from a gas-to-liquid process with ii) at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrodeoxygenated hydrocarbon cut obtained from biomass, a gas condensate, a hydrocarbon cut of fossil origin and mixtures thereof; the process including the step of catalytically hydrogenating the feed at a temperature from 80 to 180° C. and at a pressure from 50 to 160 bars.

Abstract: Provided herein are processes for ethylene oligomerization in the presence of an ionic liquid catalyst and a co-catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon product comprising C10-C55 oligomers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to a system and method to remove hydrogen sulfide from sour water and sour oil. In particular, hydrogen sulfide is removed from sour water and sour oil without the need for special chemicals, such as catalyst chemicals, scavenger chemicals, hydrocarbon sources, or a large scale facility. The system and method in the present invention is particularly useful in exploratory oil and gas fields, where large facilities to remove hydrogen sulfide may be inaccessible. The present invention addresses the need for safe and cost effective transport of the deadly neurotoxin. Particular embodiments involve a system and method that can be executed both on a small and large scale to sweeten sour water and sour oil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated process for producing hydrocarbons, wherein feedstock originating from renewable sources is subjected to catalytic hydroprocessing followed by separation of an aqueous component, a heavy component, and a light component, separating carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from said light component to obtain a recycle stream, followed by dividing the recycle stream to a first recycle stream and a second recycle stream, directing the first recycle stream to the hydroprocessing system, and the second recycle stream to a hydrogen plant, where the light component is converted to hydrogen, and directing the hydrogen to the hydroprocessing system.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a refined fatty acid alkyl ester (FAAE) product from feed-stocks containing free fatty acids. The method comprises glycerolysis and transesterification processes combined with end-product refining. Products produced from a transesterification reaction are separated into a crude FAAE stream and a crude glycerin stream. The crude glycerin stream is further processed to produce a glyceride stream from which additional FAAEs may be produced.

Abstract: A method of optimizing a hydrogen sulfide scavenger blend that includes selecting a hydrogen sulfide scavenger blend comprising at least two hydrogen sulfide scavengers; determining a scavenging capacity for the blend; modifying at least one blend parameter based on the determined scavenging capacity; redetermining the scavenging capacity for the modified blend; and selecting an optimized blend from the blend and the modified blend is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing biomethane suitable for supplying a natural gas network that incorporates a process for providing heat for heating the biogas production step, the process comprising at least steps of producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation of organic matter, of pretreating and compressing the biogas and also of permeation in order to obtain, after a first separation by permeation, a stream of biomethane and a gaseous permeate having a reduced methane content; the process additionally provides the heat necessary for the anaerobic fermentation step via a boiler using the retentate from a second permeation step fed by the permeate from the first separation.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to one or more compositions and methods for inhibiting the formation of gas hydrate agglomerates in a fluid using a fluorine-containing agent and an anti-agglomerant. The fluid may be contained, for example, in an oil or gas pipeline or refinery.

Abstract: The present invention makes it possible to prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal while causing oxygen to be adsorbed to the surface of the coal in an efficient manner. A coal deactivation processing device includes: a rotary kiln body provided rotatably into which coal and a processing gas are supplied; a feed pipe provided so as to be able to rotate along with the rotary kiln body), extending along a lengthwise direction of the rotary kiln body (103), and having a coolant flowing therein, and a protruding portion provided to the outer circumferential section of the feed pipe so as to protrude toward the rotation direction of the feed pipe. The feed pipe and the protruding portion are arranged so as to pass through a coal layer resulting from the accumulation of coal within the rotary kiln body when the rotary kiln body rotates.

Abstract: Pelletized fuel products, methods, and apparatuses are provided. The method includes pelletizing at least partially carbonized biomass in an inert atmosphere. The apparatus includes a feeder of at least partially carbonized biomass, a pelletizer configured to receive and pelletize the at least partially carbonized biomass, and an inert gas source configured to provide inert gas to the pelletizer.

Abstract: A detergent additive package, fuel additive concentrate, fuel composition and method for operating an engine on an unleaded gasoline fuel. The additive package includes a Mannich base detergent mixture, wherein the mixture contains a first Mannich base detergent component derived from a di- or polyamine and a second Mannich base detergent component derived from a monoamine. A weight ratio of the first Mannich base detergent to the second Mannich base detergent in the mixture ranges from about 1:6 to about 3:1.

Abstract: Thermal chemical vapor deposition coated product and uses of such products are disclosed. A thermal chemical vapor deposition coated product includes a threaded substrate and a lubricious coating on the threaded substrate, the lubricious coating having a coefficient of friction of between 0.05 and 0.58 and being a thermal chemical vapor deposition. A process includes engaging the thermal chemical vapor deposition coated product with a material having mating threads, and applying pressure to the thermal chemical vapor deposition coated product while engaged with the material.

Abstract: A lubricant includes carbon particles in a carrier. The carbon particles may be nearly spherical, individually have maximum and minimum diameters that differ by no more than ten nanometers, and the maximum diameters of the carbon particles are less than one micrometer. The lubricant may be manufactured by preparing the carbon particles by ultrasound-assisted polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde in an aqueous system followed by a heat treatment in an inert or non-oxidizing atmosphere and dispersion of the carbon particles in the liquid hydrocarbon carrier to form the lubricant. Optionally, inorganic metals, alloys, or oxides are coated on the surface of the carbon particles via an additional thermolysis step.

Abstract: A lubricant composition for a compression-ignition internal combustion engine comprises: (i) an amine as an ashless fuel additive having a total base number (“TBN”) of from about 275 to about 600 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896; and (ii) a detergent selected from metal sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, carboxylates, thiophosphonates, and combinations thereof. The lubricant composition has a TBN of from about 20 to about 130 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896. The amine contributes greater than about 30% of the TBN of the lubricant composition. Further, a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with the lubricant composition comprises the steps of injecting a fuel and the lubricant composition into a cylinder to form a mixture, and combusting the mixture via compression-ignition.

Abstract: A lubricant composition for a compression-ignition internal combustion engine comprises: (i) an amine as an ashless fuel additive having a total base number (“TBN”) of from about 200 to about 600 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896; and (ii) a detergent selected from metal sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, carboxylates, thiophosphonates, and combinations thereof. The lubricant composition has a TBN of from about 20 to about 130 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896, The amine contributes greater than about 30% of the TBN of the lubricant composition. Further, a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with the lubricant composition comprises the steps of injecting a fuel and the lubricant composition into a cylinder to form a mixture, and combusting the mixture via compression-ignition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lubricant composition including a molybdenum dithiocarbamate (A) represented by the general formula (1) and a copolymer (B) that includes, as essential constitutional units, a unit (a) represented by the general formula (2) and a unit (b) represented by the general formula (3), has a weight-average molecular weight of from 5,000 to 150,000, and has a composition ratio of the unit (a) to the unit (b), i.e., (a)/(b), of from 50/50 to 90/10 by mole, and a lubricant oil composition including same.

Abstract: A composition comprising a base oil and a dispersant, the base oil comprising a polyalkylene glycol and the dispersant being an epoxy amine alkoxylate of Structure I is useful in a process whereby the composition is used as a lubricant in a mechanical device.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines of passenger and commercial four-wheeled vehicles is provided which can exhibit excellent fuel efficiency performance and wear resistance reliability. The lubricating oil composition includes a base oil and a complex polyester mixture. The base oil includes at least one of poly-?-olefin, an ester-based base oil, or a partially hydrogenated mineral oil. The complex polyester mixture includes a polyester obtained by condensing a polyhydric alcohol, a polycarboxylic acid, and a monohydric alcohol having an oxyalkylene group. The content of the complex polyester mixture is 0.01% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, the high-temperature shear viscosity (HTHS viscosity) at 150° C. is 1.0 mPa·s to 2.6 mPa·s, and the NOACK evaporation amount is 40% or less.

Abstract: Process for the extraction of lipids and sugars from algal biomass, which comprises: —producing an aqueous suspension of algal biomass; —bringing the pH of said aqueous suspension of algal biomass to a value higher than or equal to 10, preferably ranging from 10.2 to 12, obtaining an aqueous suspension of algal biomass at basic pH; —adding at least one anionic flocculant to said aqueous suspension of algal biomass at basic pH obtaining a concentrated algal biomass; —recovering said concentrated algal biomass; —subjecting said concentrated algal biomass to extraction of the lipids obtaining: (i) an organic phase comprising lipids; (ii) a semi-solid phase comprising a residue of said algal biomass; —subjecting said semi-solid phase (ii) to hydrolysis obtaining sugars. The lipids thus obtained can be advantageously used in the production of biodiesel or green diesel which can be used as such, or in a mixture with other fuels for motor vehicles.

Abstract: The present application relates to perfume raw materials, perfume delivery systems and consumer products comprising such perfume raw materials and/or such perfume delivery systems, as well as processes for making and using such perfume raw materials, perfume delivery systems and consumer products. Such perfume raw materials and compositions, including the delivery systems, disclosed herein expand the perfume communities' options as such perfume raw materials can provide variations on character and such compositions can provide desired odor profiles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds which are effective as agonists of the human olfactory ion channel CNGA2 (cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 2) for enhancing the olfactory effect of other odorants, as well as to compositions and agents containing these compounds in combination with other odorants and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention concerns 2-methyl-5-[2-methyl-3-methylene-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)]-2-penten-1-ol in any of its stereometric forms or a lower ester thereof and their use as perfuming ingredient, in particular to impart sandalwood and cedar wood notes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the hydroformylation of triglycerides by homogeneous catalysis in the presence of at least one substituted cyclodextrin, said method comprising a step a) of combining, under agitation, at least one catalyst, water, at least one unsaturated triglyceride and said substituted cyclodextrin, in the presence of gaseous hydrogen and carbon monoxide, said step being carried out in reactive conditions allowing the formation of an emulsion during the agitation and a decanting of the products once the agitation has stopped.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition comprising: (a) from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % polymer particle comprising: (i) from 70 wt % to 90 wt % co-polymer, wherein the co-polymer comprises: (i.i) from 50 to less than 98 wt % structural units derived from one or more monomers comprising carboxyl groups; (i.ii) from 1 to less than 49 wt % structural units derived from one or more monomers comprising sulfonate moieties; and (i.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition comprising: (a) from 0.5 wt % to 20 wt % AES particle comprising: (i) from 40 wt % to 60 wt % partially ethoxylated alkyl sulphate anionic detersive surfactant, wherein the partially ethoxylated alkyl sulphate anionic detersive surfactant has a molar average degree of ethoxylation of from 0.8 to 1.2, and wherein the partially ethoxylated alkyl sulphate anionic detersive surfactant has a molar ethoxylation distribution such that: (i.i) from 40 wt % to 50 wt % is unethoxylated, having a degree of ethoxylation of 0; (i.ii) from 20 wt % to 30 wt % has a degree of ethoxylation of 1; (i.iii) from 20 wt % to 40 wt % has a degree of ethoxylation of 2 or greater; (ii) from 20 wt % to 50 wt % salt, wherein the salt is selected from sulphate salt and/or carbonate salt; and (iii) from 10 wt % to 30 wt % silica; and (b) from 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition comprising: (a) from 0.5 wt % to 20 wt % AES particle comprising: (i) from 40 wt % to 60 wt % partially ethoxylated alkyl sulphate anionic detersive surfactant, wherein the partially ethoxylated alkyl sulphate anionic detersive surfactant has a molar average degree of ethoxylation of from 0.8 to 1.2, and wherein the partially ethoxylated alkyl sulphate anionic detersive surfactant has a molar ethoxylation distribution such that: (i.i) from 40 wt % to 50 wt % is unethoxylated, having a degree of ethoxylation of 0; (i.ii) from 20 wt % to 30 wt % has a degree of ethoxylation of 1; (i.iii) from 20 wt % to 40 wt % has a degree of ethoxylation of 2 or greater; (ii) from 20 wt % to 50 wt % salt, wherein the salt is selected from sulphate salt and/or carbonate salt; and (iii) from 10 wt % to 30 wt % silica; and (b) from 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition comprising: (a) from 0.1 wt % to 15 wt % polymer particle comprising: (i) from 70 wt % to 90 wt % co-polymer, wherein the co-polymer comprises: (i.i) from 50 to less than 98 wt % structural units derived from one or more monomers comprising carboxyl groups; (i.ii) from 1 to less than 49 wt % structural units derived from one or more monomers comprising sulfonate moieties; and (i.

Abstract: A cleaning composition including a primarily C12 quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside selected from the group consisting of stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl laurylglucosides chloride and lauryldimoniumhydroxypropyl cocoglucosides chloride, a water conditioning agent, an acid source, a solvent, and water. In one embodiment, the cleaning composition is substantially free of alkyl phenol ethoxylates. The cleaning composition is capable of removing soils including up to 20% proteins. The cleaning compositions include a biorenewable, environmentally friendly alternative to nonyl phenol ethoxylates and exhibit superior cleaning of food soils.

Abstract: The present invention then concerns a fabric softener composition that performs well on softening fabrics, which comprises a blend of amphoteric surfactant carrying a C12-C22-alkyl or C12-C22-alkenyl, a fatty acid or a fatty alcohol, and a polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative. The invention also concerns the use of said softening composition to impart fabric softness to fabrics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of bis-pyranonylmethanes in detergents and cleaning agents to improve the washing or cleaning performance in regard to bleachable stains.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spray-dried laundry base detergent particle comprising: (a) from 8 wt % to 35 wt % detersive surfactant; (b) from 56 wt % to 91.49 wt % sulphate salt; (c) from 0.

Abstract: Stabilized compositions employing a binding system for improving shelf stability of an activated bleach composition containing a peroxygen source and a catalyst activator are disclosed. Stabilized compositions employ a binding system comprising an anionic surfactant for a solid formulation of a catalyst activator and peroxygen source to provide shelf stability for an activated bleach composition. Methods of formulating and use are further disclosed.

Abstract: Stabilized compositions employing a sequestrant system and a binding system for improving shelf stability and dispensing stability of a solid activated bleach composition are disclosed. The compositions contain a peroxygen source and a catalyst activator which require generation of a peroxycarboxylic acid or other active oxygen sanitizing agent at a point of use. Stabilized compositions employ a sequestrant system including a phosphonic acid and/or dipicolinic acid sequestrant and a binding system comprising an anionic surfactant for a solid formulation of a catalyst activator and peroxygen source to provide shelf stability and dispensing stability for a activated bleach composition. Methods of formulating and use are further disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition comprising: (a) from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % hueing agent particle comprising: (i) from 2 wt % to 10 wt % hueing agent, wherein the hueing agent has the following structure: wherein: R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H; alkyl; alkoxy; alkyleneoxy; alkyl capped alkyleneoxy; urea; and amido; R3 is a substituted aryl group; X is a substituted group comprising sulfonamide moiety and optionally an alkyl and/or aryl moiety, and wherein the substituent group comprises at least one alkyleneoxy chain that comprises an average molar distribution of at least four alkyleneoxy moieties; and (ii) from 60 wt % to 98 wt % clay; and (b) from 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition comprising: (a) from 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid free-flowing particulate laundry detergent composition comprising: (a) from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % polymer particle comprising: (i) from 70 wt % to 90 wt % co-polymer, wherein the co-polymer comprises: (i.i) from 50 to less than 98 wt % structural units derived from one or more monomers comprising carboxyl groups; (i.ii) from 1 to less than 49 wt % structural units derived from one or more monomers comprising sulfonate moieties; and (i.