Abstract: Provided is a process for the preparation of diaryl oxide compounds. The process uses a mixed metal oxide catalyst containing oxides of aluminum and magnesium to decarboxylate a diaryl carbonate compound to yield the diaryl oxide compound.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially advantageous method for producing a dialdehyde having a production ratio of linear dialdehydes to branched dialdehydes of 80/20 to 90/10, with an amount of rhodium to be used that is lower than that in the related art.

Abstract: A method of managing the heat of a chemical reaction process.

Abstract: In a process for separating a mixture comprising cyclohexanone and phenol, at least a portion of the mixture is distilled in the presence of a solvent including at least two alcoholic hydroxyl groups attached to non-adjacent saturated carbon atoms and at least one hemiketal defined by the formula (I) or the formula (II): wherein R1, the same or different at each occurrence, is independently an alkylene group having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene group having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and R3 is hydrogen or the following group: and/or an enol-ether derived from the hemiketal defined by the formula (I) or the formula (II), wherein the total concentration of the hemiketal and the enol-ether, expressed in terms of weight percentage on the basis of the total weight of the feed to the distilling step (a), is at least 0.01%.

Abstract: The description provides processes for the regio and stereospecific synthesis of polyprenylatedquinone derivatives, such as Vitamin K1, K2 and Ubiquinone, exploiting dithioacetals, especially 1,3-dithiane, mediated Umpolung chemistry which works along a new concept “Inhibiting resonance delocalization (IRD)” to overcome isomerization generated due to delocalization of allyliccarbanion on the ?-electron cloud of an allylic systems by the conventional synthesis.

Abstract: A method of transforming biomass into lactic acid using modified beta zeolites is disclosed. The one-step preparation process of preparing catalyst in the invention is mild, economical and convenient. The biomass used as precursor is economic and easy to get. Meanwhile, the reaction process doesn't need to be protected by noble gases with high pressure. The catalyst can be reused and the yield of lactic acid is high.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of 5-formylvaleric acid and adipic acid or esters thereof from an isomeric mixture of pentenoic acid or esters thereof said mixture comprising at least 4-pentenoic acid or esters thereof, and further comprising 3-pentenoic acid and/or 2-pentenoic acid or esters thereof. The process allows for efficient production of two different intermediates for producing polyamide using a single process, with good selectivity, little waste, in an economically efficient fashion. The process is very suitable to use an isomeric pentenoic acid mixture obtained from valerolactone, and can be used to produce renewable polyamide intermediates using a single process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making methacrylic acid, or a carboxylic derivative thereof, from itaconic acid, isomers, or precursors thereof. A starting material comprising an acid selected from the group consisting of itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, citric acid, aconitic acid, isocitric acid and mixtures thereof, is subjected to contact with 0.1 eq. to 3.0 eq. of a base, at a temperature of 150° C. to 350° C., under the influence of a transition metal-containing heterogeneous catalyst. A better yield at lower temperatures is achieved.

Abstract: A method for preparing at least one ester of levulinic acid from a biomass includes steps of impregnating the biomass by an organic or inorganic acid, and putting the acidified biomass in contact with a supercritical fluid including at least one olefin.

Abstract: A process for recovering and using an carboxylic acid derived from a fermentation broth by means of making an ester of the free carboxylic acid and alcohol in carbon dioxide (CO2) without the presence of any other acid catalyst at a reaction temperature and pressure that corresponds to supercritical, critical or near critical conditions for the alcohol and/or CO2 is described. The process can constitute part of a general process of refining carboxylic acids derived from a fermentation broth for use in the production of a variety of chemical compounds, such as C4 platform compounds, polymers, or fuels.

Abstract: Diesters are prepared by first hydrolyzing dinitrile compounds into imide compounds and then reacting such imide compounds with at least one alcohol.

Abstract: Novel processes for the preparation of a compound of Formula I-2 substantially free of the 5,6-trans isomer: wherein R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the specification are provided. Novel intermediates for the preparations of isomer free Prostaglandins and derivatives thereof are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing nitroalkanes by reaction of at least one alkane with at least one nitrating agent in the gas phase, wherein the nitration is carried out in a microstructured reaction zone having parallel channels having hydraulic diameters of less than 2.5 mm and a total specific internal surface area of more than 1600 m2/m3 and the alkane and the nitrating agent are conveyed under a pressure of from 1 bar to 20 bar through the reaction zone and reacted at a temperature of from 150° C. to 650° C. and the reaction products are cooled downstream of the reaction zone and discharged and the at least one nitrating agent is introduced over from two to ten introduction points along the reaction zone.

Abstract: Processes that, make nitrogen-containing compounds include converting succinic acid (SA) or monoammonium succinate (MAS) derived from a diammoniurn succinate (DAS)- or MAS-containing fermentation broth to produce such compounds Including diammobmane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN), succinic amino nitrile (SAN), succinamide (DAM), and related polymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing alkyl amines by dehydroxylation of aminoalcohols. This provides an alternate reaction route for making alkyl amines, such as 2-methylpropane-2-amine and its derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of polyaminoisoprenyl derivatives in antibiotic or antiseptic treatment of bacteria including those presenting multiple drug resistance (MDR), in particular as efflux pump inhibitors. It also relates to novel polyaminoisoprenyl derivatives, compositions comprising the same, process for preparing the same, and use thereof in antibiotic or antiseptic treatment.

Abstract: Provided are alkynyl phenyl derivative compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of treating ophthalmic diseases and disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt's Disease, using said compounds and compositions.

Abstract: Carbon-based fluorescent nano-agent tracers for analysis of oil reservoirs are provided. The carbon-based fluorescent nano-agents being inexpensive means of analyzing, among other properties, the porosity of a formation. The nanoagents are suitable for injection into a petroleum reservoir and can be subsequently recovered for determinations of flow rates and retention times.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are disclosed. The variables. R1-R13, m, n, o, and p are disclosed herein. The compounds are useful for treating Gaucher disease and inhibiting the onset of Gaucher disease symptoms in a patient having a GBA gene mutation and for treating Parkinson's disease. Pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of Formula (I) and methods of treatment comprising administering compounds of Formula (I) are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a compound which thickens or gels a fluid organic material to a desired viscosity, or which uniformly stabilizes the formulation of a composition containing the fluid organic material. The compound according to the present invention is represented by Formula (1): R1—(CONH—R2)n??(1) where R1 represents an n-valent aromatic hydrocarbon group containing two or more benzene rings; R2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing 6 or more carbon atoms; and n represents an integer of 4 or more. The group R1 is preferably a group corresponding to an aromatic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of benzophenone, biphenyl, and naphthalene, except for removing hydrogen atoms in a number of n from the aromatic hydrocarbon. A thickening/stabilizing agent according to the present invention includes the compound.

Abstract: Provided is a styrenated phenol compound represented by Formula 1 in which styrenated phenol and hydroxylamine bind to each other: In Formula 1, n is one of integers of 1 to 3, and R1 and R2 are each hydrogen or one of C1 to C4 alkyl groups. The styrenated phenol compound may maintain curing stimulation property and plasticity, and prevent discoloration when being mixed with a curing agent for an epoxy paint, thereby enhancing exterior quality and storage stability of a product.

Abstract: Method for preparing certain oximes and oxime O-methyl ethers by reacting poorly water-soluble carbonyl compounds with salts of hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine O-methyl ether or the free base of hydroxylamine in the presence of certain phosphoric esters or salts thereof of the formula (I) wherein R1, R2 and X are defined as specified in the description.

Abstract: A method for producing an unsaturated nitrile by subjecting propane to a vapor-phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction using a fluidized bed reactor in the presence of a composite oxide catalyst containing Mo, V, and Nb, the method comprising the step of: adding a tungsten compound into the fluidized bed reactor to adjust a molar ratio (W/Mo ratio) of tungsten contained in a tungsten compound to molybdenum contained in the composite oxide catalyst that exist within the fluidized bed reactor so that the molar ratio is in the range of 0.0001 to 0.1.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds of the invention for treatment and/or prevention of fatigue, including fatigue associated with diseases or treatments.

Abstract: A biguanide derivative compound with N4-N5 substitution, which is represented by Formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a method of preparing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same as an active ingredient are provided. The biguanide derivative may exhibit excellent effect on activation of AMPK and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in a low dose, compared with conventional drugs, and thus, may be useful to treat diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, fatty liver, coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, metabolic syndrome, cancer, etc.

Abstract: Methods for preparing intermediates of SGLT2 inhibitors are provided, including crystalline forms and methods of crystallizing intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof inhibiting 11?-HSD1 enzyme activity, a preparation method of the same, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same as an active ingredient. Since the compound of the present invention selectively inhibits the activity of 11?-HSD1 (11?-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1), the compound of the invention can be effectively used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of diseases caused by the over-activation of 11?-HSD1 such as non-insulin dependent type II diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, lipid disorder, metabolic syndrome, and other diseases or condition mediated by the excessive activity of glucocorticoid.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for preparing D,L-methionine by feeding carbon dioxide to an aqueous potassium methioninate solution obtained by hydrolysis of 5-(2-methylmercaptoethyl)hydantoin, in order to precipitate out crude methionine, which is separated off and purified. In this process an aqueous solution of the separated-off crude methionine is purified by recrystallization from a solution containing potassium ions and also a crystallization additive. The crystallization additive is a nonionic or anionic surfactant, or a mixture of different nonionic or anionic surfactants. The recrystallization occurs by introducing a 60 to 110° C.-hot methionine solution into a 35 to 80° C.-warm methionine suspension, a temperature of which is lower than that of the introduced solution, such that the temperature of the methionine suspension being maintained between 35 and 80° C. during the addition. The crystallization additive is a sorbitan fatty acid ester or a mixture of different sorbitan fatty acid esters.

Abstract: A method for preparing selenium compounds, comprising following steps of: A. hydrolyzing lignin to obtain multiple-structural polyphenolic compounds; B. reacting the multiple-structural polyphenolic compounds with at least one kind of inorganic metal base to obtain multivalent phenolic hydroxyl carboxylate; and C. reacting the multivalent phenolic hydroxyl carboxylate with SeO2 to obtain multivalent phenolic hydroxyl carboxylic acid selenium complex salts, wherein the multivalent phenolic hydroxyl carboxylic acid selenium complex salts are organic selenium composition. The multivalent phenolic hydroxyl carboxylic acid selenium complex salts have characteristics of over 20% selenium content and no toxicity, and have revolutionary effects in killing bacteria, virus and cancer cell, enhancing human immunity, removing oxygen free radicals and etc.

Abstract: Method for concentrating an organic hydroperoxide mixture comprising a hydrocarbon and a hydroperoxide corresponding thereto comprises evaporating a first liquid mixture in a thin-film evaporation device followed by separation in a separation zone. Both the evaporation device and the separation zone operate at a low absolute pressure at a temperature lower than the thermal degradation temperature of the hydroperoxide to prevent thermal decomposition thereof. The process is particularly useful for concentrating an oxidation product made from the oxidation of cyclohexylbenzene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel pharmaceutically-useful compounds which are antagonists of the 5-oxo-ETE receptors, such as the OXE receptor. These compounds have use as therapeutic and/or prophylactic agents for diseases characterized by tissue eosinophilia, such as inflammatory conditions including respiratory diseases. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions, to the use of such compounds and compositions as medicaments, and to therapeutic methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of general formula wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined herein are useful for the treat of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Abstract: Described are novel salts of the compound (3R,4R,5S)-5-(difluoromethyl) piperidine-3,4-diol, as well as methods of using the same for preventing and/or treating lysosomal storage disorders and/or degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. In particular, the present invention provides methods for preventing and/or treating Gaucher's disease and/or Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula V or its pharmaceutical acceptable polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula V and methods for the treatment of inflammation and pain may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, lozenge, spray, intravenous, oral solution, buccal mucosal layer tablet, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of pain, oral mucosal inflammatory or oral infectious diseases.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and pharmacologically acceptable salts and pro-drugs thereof wherein: Ar1 and Ar2 are aryl or heteroaryl; a is 0 to 5; R1 is alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, nitro, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulphonyl, alkylsulphonylamino or cyano and, where a is greater than 1, each substituent R1 may be the same or different; b is 0 to 5; R2 is alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, nitro, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulphonyl, alkylsulphonylamino or cyano and where b is greater than 1, each substituent R2 may be the same or different; V is selected from the group consisting of (CR3aR3b)pCON(R3b)X and (CR3aR3b)pN(R3b)CO(X), wherein said groups are in the 3- (meta) or 4- (para) position with respect to the substituent Z; W is selected from the group consisting of NR4a, O, S, S?O, SO2 and C(R4aR4b)2; X is hydroge

Abstract: Novel small molecule compounds for reduction of A? 42 production and for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, methods of making them and pharmaceutical compositions containing them are described.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polymorphic trihydrated forms of the sodium salt of 4-tert-butyl-N-[4-chloro-2-(1-oxy-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-phenyl]benzenesulfonamide. One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a crystalline form of the sodium salt of 4-tert-butyl-N-[4-chloro-2-(1-oxy-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-25 phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide (hereinafter “Compound A_crystalline trihydrate form I”), wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising diffraction angles (°28), when measured using Cu Ka radiation, at about 4.5, 9.0, 13.6, 13.9, 15.8, 17.8, 18.2, 18.5, 19.1, 19.9, 20A, 21.2, 22.1, 22.7, 24.3, 25.0, 25.6, 26.2, 26.8, 27.3, 27.6, 28.0, 28.8, and 30.8.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to quinoline derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing said derivatives and their use in the treatment of disorders and conditions mediated by the CB-1 receptor; more particularly, in the treatment of disorders and conditions responsive to inverse agonism of the CB-1 receptor. For example, the compounds of the present invention are useful in the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, wherein R1 is F, Cl or Br; R2 is H, F, Cl or Br; and R3 is F, Cl or Br. This invention also relates to a fungicidal composition comprising (a) a compound of Formula 1 including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof (i.e. in a fungicidally effective amount); and (b) at least one additional fungicidal compound (e.g., at least one other fungicide having a different site of action). Also disclosed are process intermediate compounds of Formulae 22, 18 and 20 which are useful for preparing a compound of Formula 1.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a use of pyrazole derivatives in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating malaria. Specifically, the present invention is related to pyrazole derivatives useful for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation for the inhibition of malaria parasite proliferation.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 n are as described herein, compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are benzamide derivatives having the formula wherein X is selected from the group consisting of H, halo, —C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, —C3-C7 cycloalkyl, and -3- to 10-membered heterocycle, wherein the —C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, —C3-C7 cycloalkyl, and -3- to 10-membered heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted; Y is selected from the group consisting of H, —C1-C6 alkyl, and —C3-C7 cycloalkyl, the —C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, —C3-C7 cycloalkyl, and -3- to 10-membered heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted; Z is selected from the group consisting of —NHOH and phenylene diamine group (II) of structure and wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of H, F and Cl. These benzamide derivatives are useful in slowing the expansion of cancer cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1, X, m, R2, Y, R3, Z, n, R4, A and B are as defined in the specification, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides N-hydroxylamino-barbituric acid compounds of formulae (1)-(4), pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising them, and methods of using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions. The present disclosure provides methods of using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions for treating heart failure.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise disubstituted oxazolidin-2-ones derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2b activity.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I) along with processes for their preparation that are useful for treating, managing and/or lessening the diseases, disorders, syndromes or conditions associated with the modulation of calcium sensing (CaSR) receptors. Methods of treating, managing and/or lessening the diseases, disorders, syndromes or conditions associated with the modulation of calcium sensing (CaSR) receptors of Formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention discloses thioflavine S and primuline derivatives which inhibit hepatitis C virus helicase and protease activity. Consequently, the compounds of the present invention interfere with the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus and are useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the aforementioned compounds and methods of treating an HCV infection.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and compositions for the amelioration of arthritis and joint injuries by inducing mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes.

Abstract: The present application is related to deuterated compounds which are novel neurotrophin mimetics. The application also discloses the treatment of disorders involving degradation or dysfunction of cells expressing p75 in a mammal by administering an effective amount of such deuterated compounds.