Abstract: A composition is provided that consists essentially of a first polymer system and a second polymer system. The first polymer system has a first modulus of about 180 ksi to about 335 ksi. The first polymer system consists essentially of a thermosetting acrylate. The second polymer system consists essentially of a thermosetting epoxy system and an epoxy curing agent. The thermosetting epoxy system comprises a first epoxy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a (meth)acrylate polymer having a volume average primary particle size of 0.520 to 3.00 ?m, a peak temperature of tan ? in the range of ?100 to 0° C., determined with dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, of ?40° C. or below, a peak height of tan ? in the range of ?100 to 0° C., determined with dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, of 0.300 or more, and an acetone-insoluble component of 99% by mass of more. This polymer has excellent dispersibility of primary particles in a resin, excellent storage stability of a resin composition obtained, and excellent insulating properties and reduction in elastic modulus of a molded article obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for increasing the reactivity of lignin, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) forming, under heating at a temperature of 30-70° C., an aqueous dispersion comprising alkali and lignin, wherein the alkali comprises a hydroxide of an alkali metal; and b) heating the dispersion formed in step a) at a temperature of 50-95° C. for producing alkalated lignin.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for forming a nanofluid coolant and structures including a nanofluid coolant. In an example, a method of forming a nanofluid coolant may comprise combining a compound with an acid and with purified water to form a solution. The compound may include manganese. The method may further include heating the solution and, after heating the solution, cooling the solution effective to form at least one precipitate that includes manganese and oxygen. The method may further include filtering the at least one precipitate to form a powder that includes manganese oxide nanotubes. The method may further include functionalizing the nanotubes by irradiating them with UV radiation. The method may further include combining the functionalized manganese oxide nanotubes with a polar solvent to form the nanofluid coolant.

Abstract: Provided is an alumina sintered body which has a high heat conductivity and a high infrared ray emissivity and is excellent in electrical insulation property and chemical resistance. An alumina sintered body contains cubic aluminum nitride.

Abstract: A well servicing fluid for reducing polymer degradation is disclosed. The well servicing fluid is formulated with components comprising: at least one free radical scavenger, with the proviso that the free radical scavenger is not erythorbate, lignin or lignin derivatives; at least one polymer and an aqueous based solvent. Methods for servicing a well employing well servicing fluids of the present disclosure are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and compositions comprising an emulsion or a microemulsion for use in various aspects of the life cycle of an oil and/or gas well are provided. In some embodiments, the emulsion or the microemulsion comprises water, a solvent, and a surfactant, and optionally, one or more additives.

Abstract: A transformative wavelength conversion medium is provided, comprising: a phosphor; and, a curable liquid component, wherein the curable liquid component, comprises: an aliphatic resin component, wherein the aliphatic resin component has an average of two epoxide groups per molecule; and, a curing agent; wherein the curable liquid component contains less than 0.5 wt % of monoepoxide molecules (based on the total weight of the aliphatic resin component); and, wherein the curable liquid component is a liquid at 25° C. and atmospheric pressure; and, wherein the phosphor is dispersed in the curable liquid component.

Abstract: A luminescent particle includes a luminescent compound that is configured to perform a photon down conversion on a portion of received light and a reflectance reducing outer surface of the luminescent particle that is operable to increase the portion of received light that is absorbed in the luminescent particle.

Abstract: An Li-containing ?-sialon-based phosphor represented by the formula (1): LixEuySi12?(m+n)Al(m+n)On+?N16?n?? (wherein assuming that average valence of Eu is a, x+ya+?=m; 0.45?x<1.2, 0.001?y?0.2, 0.9?m?2.5, 0.5?n?2.4, and ?>0).

Abstract: A concentrated aqueous composition may be prepared by from a formulation including: a. from 10 to 30% by weight (% wt) of a depolymerized carboxymethyl cellulose having a weight average molecular weight of from about 10,000 to about 80,000 dalton (Da); b. from 15 to 50% of a compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of glycerol and sodium xylene sulfonate; and c. from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of a surfactant. The concentrated aqueous solution may be employed to prepare an aqueous solution which is useful for moisturizing soil.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal composition, the method including concurrently obtaining a liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (I) and a liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (II), by allowing a compound represented by the formula (III) to react with a carboxylic acid represented by the formula (IV) and a carboxylic acid represented by the formula (V), wherein P1 represents a polymerizable group; Sp1 represents a C3-12 divalent aliphatic group, etc; T1 represents a 1,4-phenylene group; T2 represents a divalent group having a single bond or cyclic structure; A1 represents —COO—, etc; A2 and A3 represents —OCO—, etc; X represents a hydrogen atom, C1-12 alkyl group, etc; Y1 and Y2 represents O, NR1 or S; R1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group; Formula (I) P1-Sp1-T1-A1-B-A2-T1-Sp1-P1; Formula (II) P1-Sp1-T1-A1-B-A3-T2-X; Formula (III) being HY1—B—Y2H; Formula (IV) P1-Sp1-T1-COOH; Formula (V) X-T2-COOH.

Abstract: There is provided an FFS mode liquid crystal display device that uses a liquid crystal composition which has a negative dielectric anisotropy and can achieve good display properties by being used for FFS mode liquid crystal display devices without degrading the image sticking property of display devices and various properties of liquid crystal display devices, such as dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, nematic phase upper limit temperature, low-temperature nematic phase stability, and ?1. The liquid crystal composition contains at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by general formula (I) below, at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by general formula (II) below, and at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by general formula (III) below.

Abstract: This liquid crystal composition includes at least one compound represented by general formula (i), and at least one compound represented by general formula (ii) (in the formulae: Ri1, Ri2, and Rii1 each independently represent a C1-8 alkyl group; one or at least two non-adjacent-CH2— groups in these alkyl groups may each independently be substituted with —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—; the hydrogen in these alkyl groups may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Xi1, Xi2, Xi3, Xi4, Xi11, and Xii2 each independently represent hydrogen or fluorine; and Aii1, Aii2, and Aii3 each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, or a 1,4-phenylene group which may have the hydrogen therein substituted with fluorine or chlorine).

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device which prevents a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in ion density (ID) therein and which overcomes problems of defective display such as voids, uneven alignment, and screen burn-in. The liquid crystal display device prevents a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in ion density (ID) therein and reduces defective display such as screen burn-in; hence, such a liquid crystal display device is particularly useful as liquid crystal display devices of a VA mode and PSVA mode which involve active matrix driving and can be applied to the liquid crystal display devices of liquid crystal TV sets, monitors, mobile phones, and smartphones.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal molecule, a compound represented by the formula (1), and a compound represented by the formula (2) can provide a film with a reduced haze.

Abstract: Provided is a siloxane-containing trianhydride having a structure shown in formula 1: wherein R1 to R7, D1 to D3, and each G are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Efficient biomass conversion systems, methods and apparatus utilize a fast pyrolysis unit installed at locations having substantial quantities of biomass, with the biomass fed into the fast pyrolysis unit under pyrolytic reaction conditions, and with exhaust gases containing entrained matter resulting from the pyrolytic reactions being separated into char and bio-fuel constituents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for extracting bitumen from an oil sand stream, the method comprising at least the steps of, a) providing an oil sand stream; b) contacting the oil sand stream with a liquid comprising a solvent to obtain a solvent-diluted oil sand slurry; c) separating the oil sand slurry to obtain a first solids-depleted stream and a first solids-enriched stream; d) filtering the first solids-enriched stream obtained in step c) to obtain bitumen-depleted sand and at least a first filtrate; e) separating at least a part of the first filtrate to obtain a second solids-depleted stream and a second solids-enriched stream; and f) contacting at least a part of the second solids-enriched stream from step e) with solvent to obtain a solvent-diluted second solids-enriched stream; and g) separating the solvent-diluted second solids-enriched stream to obtain a third solids-enriched stream and a third solids-depleted stream.

Abstract: A composition and method for displacing, dissolving, extracting, recovering, and/or removing solvent and/or any solvent-associated liquids from a solvent-treated material or penetrating through pores or the surface of a solvent-treated material using a solvent-extracting composition for contacting solvent-treated material and separating the solvent and any solvent-associated liquids from the solvent-treated material as well as the solvent-extracting composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for starting up a gas-to-liquid process including the production of synthesis gas and a downstream GTL process. The synthesis gas is produced by the use of autothermal reforming (ATR) or catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) and during the starting period the effluent gas from the ATR or CPO is significantly changed to form an off-gas recycle which is fed to the ATR or CPO. When the downstream GTL process is running, the recycle to ATR or CPO is shifted to its off-gas.

Abstract: Feeds containing triglycerides are processed to produce an olefinic diesel fuel product and propylene. The olefinic diesel can optionally be oligomerized to form a lubricant base oil product. The olefinic diesel and propylene are generated by deoxygenating the triglyceride-containing feed using processing conditions that enhance preservation of olefins that are present in the triglycerides. The triglyceride-containing feed is processed in the presence of a catalyst containing a Group VI metal or a Group VIII metal and optionally a physical promoter metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improving heavy crude oil, and extra through a scheme considering the use of ionic liquids catalysts based on Mo and Fe catalyst is highly miscible with crude oil and are in the homogeneous phase crude oil. Furthermore, this invention relates to improving heavy crude in two stages, the first ionic liquid catalyst, and the second supported catalyst. The API gravity crude is increased from 12.5 to 19 points in the first stage and viscosities up to 5600-1600 decreased from 60-40 cSt certain to 37.8° C. While in the second stage, you get an upgraded crude oil with 32.9° API, viscosity of 4.0 cSt, reduction in total sulphur content of 0.85 wt % nitrogen and 0295 ppm by weight, respectively. As a considerable reduction of asphaltenes from 28.65 to 3.7% weight.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include methods for producing aromatic products, the methods including separating a crude oil and condensate feed into at least a light naphtha stream, a heavy naphtha stream, and a bottoms stream, reforming at least a portion of the heavy naphtha stream to produce a reformate stream, feeding a cracker feed stream, comprising the light naphtha stream, the bottoms stream, and a reformate extraction raffinate, to an olefins cracker to produce cracker products comprising pyrolysis gasoline, and introducing an extractor feed stream comprising the pyrolysis gasoline and the reformate to an aromatic extraction unit to produce an aromatic product and the reformate extraction raffinate.

Abstract: A system and process for desulfurizing a hydrocarbon feed stream containing organosulfur compounds is provided. In general, the system includes a conventional hydrotreating unit through the high pressure cold or hot separator. Aqueous oxidant and an oxidative catalyst are mixed with the hydrotreated hydrocarbon effluent from the high pressure cold or hot separator, and oxidative desulfurization reactions occur in the low pressure separation zone, thereby minimizing or eliminating the requirement of additional oxidative desulfurization reactors.

Abstract: A system for characterizing and optimizing refinery feedstock blends according to their corrosivity is provided. Refinery feedstocks can be characterized based on any of: dissociation of acids in the crude, breakup of naphthenic acid molecular associations, mass changes of carbon steel samples, and/or dissociation of sulfur compounds in the feedstocks. The characterization can be carried out via any of impedance, spectroscopic measurements, and continuous measurements of mass changes of carbon steel samples with a crystal microbalance over a range of temperature, e.g., from ambient to 750° F. The system can be employed in any of refinery, terminal, and laboratories, using models and/or hardware to optimize the usage of refinery feedstocks in the blending and valuation of the feedstocks.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and devices for preparing the fuel gas used. A device may include a furnace body, a tower type synchronous roller extruding machine with a circular ladder groove mold that is mounted at the upper end of the furnace body. The tower type synchronous roller extruding machine is provided with a bucket, the bucket is in airtight connection with the furnace body, and a first transmission shaft is mounted in the bucket. At least two tower type synchronous rollers are mounted on the first transmission shaft, and the tower type synchronous rollers are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first transmission shaft.

Abstract: A system including a gasifier that may remove black water and includes a reactor and a quench chamber disposed downstream of the reactor. The quench chamber may cool a syngas generated in the reactor. The system also includes a syngas treatment system that may supply the gasifier with a first portion of a quench liquid via a first inlet and a second portion of the quench liquid via a second inlet; a lock hopper that may receive gasification by-products generated in the reactor and supply a third portion of the quench liquid to the gasifier via a third inlet, and a deaerator coupled to the syngas treatment system and the lock hopper. The deaerator may depressurize the lock hopper.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for multistage hierarchical pyrolysis and gasification of solid fuels. The apparatus comprises a feeding device 1, a multistage fluidized bed reactor 6, a residual discharging valve 9, a cyclone 10 and a condenser 11. A gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the multistage fluidized bed reactor 6 and a number of stages of fluidized beds 3 are provided within the multistage fluidized bed 6, wherein the fluidized beds 3 are separated by a number of perforated distributors 5. The top stage fluidized bed 3 is connected with the feeding device 1 and the coal fed thereto is heated by char obtained from pyrolysis in this stage and the mixture of high temperature ascending pyrolysis and gasification gas to undergo pyrolysis reactions at low temperature, thereby to obtain solid particles after preliminary pyrolytic process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying synthesis gas, in particular for ammonia synthesis, wherein a partial stream (26) of an H2-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream is burned, in particular to generate electrical energy, and wherein at least one component contained in the remaining H2-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream (26a), in particular in the form of carbon dioxide, methanol and/or water, is absorbed by an adsorber at low temperatures, after which said absorbed component is desorbed from the adsorber by flushing using nitrogen (33) at higher temperatures. According to the invention the H2-rich partial stream (26) is diluted using the nitrogen (35) used for the flushing before being burned. The invention further relates to a system (1) for purifying synthesis gas, in particular for ammonia synthesis.

Abstract: A device for treating steam-saturated crude gases from the entrained flow gasification of fuels before entry into heat exchanges sited upstream of a crude gas converting operation. To avoid solid deposits in an entrance region of the heat exchangers, a crude gas is converted from a saturated into the superheated state by supply of hot gas. Hot gas contemplated is superheated high pressure steam or recycled superheated converted crude gas.

Abstract: A three-stage quenching and scrubbing system for treatment of hot crude gases and liquid slag after an entrained flow gasification. In the first primary stage, cooling and scrubbing water is injected such that slag can no longer adhere to the wall of the central tube and the conversion reaction of the carbon monoxide with water vapor to give hydrogen can proceed to close to the equilibrium. A secondary quenching and scrubbing stage takes the form of a bubble column, and further cooling and the deposition of coarse dust and slag are effected in a water bath. The rest of the treatment is through intensive spraying in a tertiary quenching and scrubbing the gas stage, nozzle rings for deposition of fine slag and partly of fine dust. All three quenching and scrubbing stages enable cooling of the crude gas down to the water vapor dew point determined by the plant pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aviation fuel composition comprising a) a jet fuel; b) an alkyl ester or a mixture of alkyl esters obtained from reaction between i) saturated fatty acids with carbon chain length ranging from 8 to 10 (C8-C10 saturated fatty acids); and ii) monohydric alcohols with carbon chain length ranging from 1 to 4 (C1-C4 monohydric alcohols); wherein the alkyl ester or mixture of alkyl esters can be blended with jet fuel in an amount up to 50% (vol/vol).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of producing an aviation fuel base oil having excellent combustibility, oxidation stability and life cycle characteristics, hydrotreating in the presence of hydrogen a feedstock comprising an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound originating from an animal or vegetable fat (preferably an animal or vegetable fat that contains fatty acids each having 10 to 14 carbon atoms in the fatty acid carbon chain in the total amount of 60 percent by mass or more) and a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon compound. The present invention also provides a process for producing an aviation fuel base oil by blending such an aviation fuel base oil and an aviation fuel base oil produced by refining crude oil.

Abstract: A fuel additive includes 50 wt. % to less than 75 wt. % cyclic dienes and/or cyclic trienes that thermally crack into only chain branching radicals and greater than 25 wt. % to 50 wt. % organo-nitrates and/or nitro-organics. The fuel additive is combined with fuel at a combined treat rate ranging from 1000 (wt.) ppm to 3000 (wt.) ppm.

Abstract: A fuel soluble additive for a diesel engine, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for a diesel engine. The fuel soluble additive includes a quaternary ammonium salt derived from the reaction of (a) a hydrocarbyl amine containing at least one tertiary amino group, (b) an epoxide compound selected from a glycidol, a glycidyl ether, glycidyl ester, polyglycidyl ether, a polyglycidyl ester, and combinations thereof, wherein substituents of the glycidyl group have, on average, less than five carbon atoms per hetero atom, and (c) optionally a proton donor.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of combusting coal containing fuel streams where a coal additive composition is used to improve the combustion of the coal. The invention also relates to the additive composition used in the described methods, and the use of the additive composition as a coal combustion improver.

Abstract: A two-stroke, cross-head, slow-speed, compression-ignited marine engine is operated by (i) fuelling it with a diesel fuel, as a pilot fuel, and with a low sulphur fuel, as a main fuel; and (ii) lubricating the engine cylinder(s) with a lubricant having a BN of 20 or less and having a detergent additive system comprising at least two different metal detergents each having one surfactant group selected from phenate, salicylate and sulphonate, or one or more complex metal detergents containing two or more different surfactant soap groups selected from phenate, salicylate and sulphonate.

Abstract: This disclosed invention relates to a maleinated ester derivative derived from an unsaturated linear aliphatic carboxylic acid methyl ester, maleic anhydride, and a monohydric alcohol. Lubricants and functional fluids containing the maleinated esters are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing stabilized oil formulations by means of certain carbodiimides.

Abstract: A fragrance composition contains (3S)-(6E)-2,3-dihydrofarnesal. A chemical purity of the (3S)-(6E)-2,3-dihydrofarnesal is 90 mass % or more and an optical purity of the (3S)-(6E)-2,3-dihydrofarnesal is 50% e.e. or more. A fragrance or cosmetic contains the fragrance composition. An odor is improved by using the fragrance composition containing (3S)-(6E)-2,3-dihydrofarnesal having a chemical purity of 90 mass % or more and an optical purity of 50% e.e. or more.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks and partially hydrogenating polyunsaturated olefins and polyunsaturated esters. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the polyunsaturated olefins from the polyunsaturated esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise partially hydrogenating the polyunsaturated olefins in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein at least a portion of the polyunsaturated olefins are converted to monounsaturated olefins. In other embodiments, the methods further comprise partially hydrogenating the polyunsaturated esters in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein at least a portion of the polyunsaturated esters are converted to monounsaturated esters.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous alkaline cleaning composition for cleaning metal surfaces, containing at least one non-ionic surfactant having demulsifying action and based on ethoxylated alkyl alcohols having one or two alkyl groups, each comprising an average of 7.5 to 16.5 carbon atoms, and an average of 5.5 to 18.5 EO groups per alkyl group, and comprising an end group closure or two end group closures, of which at least one end group closure is an isopropyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and/or benzyl group, wherein the surfactant is not propoxylated.

Abstract: A laundry detergent composition is disclosed which has a quantity of laundry detergent, a quantity of poly(styrene-4-boronic acid), and a quantity of zinc oxide particles separate from the laundry detergent and the poly(styrene-4-boronic acid).

Abstract: The present invention provides detergent compositions, essentially free of peroxygen or chlorine bleach compounds, containing one or more surfactants, one or more builders, one or more enzymes and one or more low MW (e.g., 0.8-25 kDa) polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymers or salts thereof, and methods of producing such compositions. The compositions of the invention provide certain benefits in cleaning of textiles (particularly fabrics including clothing), hard surfaces and dishware and utensils, including enhanced removal of certain difficult-to-remove stains such as chocolate pudding and grass, as well as of polyphenolic stains such as cherry juice, blueberry juice, red wine, tea and coffee. The invention also provides methods of using these compositions in laundry, hard surface cleaning and dishwashing applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions, methods of use, and methods of manufacture for an intercalated bleach compound and compositions thereof. The intercalated bleach compound has the formula Mx(OCl)y(O)m(OH)n where M is an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium, calcium or mixture thereof. The values of x and y independently equal any number greater than or equal to 1 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), and m and n independently equal any number greater than or equal to 0 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), but m and n are not both 0. In addition, the molar ratio of the alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium or calcium) to hypochlorite is at least 3:1. In other words, x is ?3y. The compounds exhibit excellent stability, little or no chlorine bleach odor, exhibit excellent pH buffering characteristics, and less reactivity with organic materials as compared to alternative chlorine bleach products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to core shell microcapsules for use in liquid consumer products, wherein: the microcapsule shell is made of starting materials such that 50%-100% by weight of said materials have a density equal to or less than 1.05 g/cm3; the microcapsule core contains a fragrance composition comprising 20-100% by weight of at least one cyclic fragrance material with a density greater than 0.950 g/cm3 and a ClogP in the range of from 1.00 to 6.00; the weight ratio of core materials to shell materials is in the range from about 50:1 to about 1:1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a laundry detergent sheet. Preferably, the laundry detergent sheet is capable of dissolving in a laundry cycle of an automatic washing machine. The method comprises the steps of preparing a first shelf-stable solution, preparing a second non-shelf-stable solution comprising a portion of the first shelf-stable solution, applying the second non-shelf-stable solution onto a surface, and drying the second non-shelf-stable solution on the surface.

Abstract: There is provided an incubator for an isolator, which is capable of reliably sterilizing a cultivation room of the incubator, a gas supply pipe and a sampling pipe. An incubator 1 for an isolator 40 includes a gas concentration control pipe 16 provided to communicate to a cultivation room 4 for control of concentration of cultivation gas in the cultivation room 4, a sterile gas circulation pipe 26 for circulating sterile gas from the cultivation room 4 to the gas concentration control pipe 16, and a circulation pump 24 provided in the sterile gas circulation pipe 26.

Abstract: In order to enable the inside of a constant-temperature device to be sterilized using sterilization gas and prevent contamination during incubation, even when provided with an atmosphere measuring means having a CO2 sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor, a sensor unit (100) is arranged inside or close to an incubation chamber, and the internal atmosphere is measured by sucking-in the atmosphere of the incubation chamber (2) by means of an air-flow generation means (20). Furthermore, high-precision filters (23, 24) are arranged in the flow channel through which the atmosphere within the incubation chamber (2) is taken-in/discharged, preventing bacteria and/or cells from flowing in, and also preventing the diffusion of sterilization gas to the inside of a sensor unit (100) during sterilization.