Abstract: A method for determining a water equivalent depth between an entrance point and a reference point is disclosed. The method may comprise sending to a charged particle beam detector placed at a reference point within or beyond a body a charged particle beam whose energy is modulated between a minimum and maximum energy value, acquiring the time dependent response of said charged particle beam detector, determining from said time dependent response a value of a statistical parameter, providing a calibration curve expressing a relationship between values of said statistical parameter and water equivalent depths, and extracting from this calibration curve the water equivalent depth corresponding to the value of the statistical parameter determined from the time dependent response of the charged particle beam detector placed at the reference point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ultrasound coupling device for use with various ultrasound transducers, systems, and applications. The coupling device includes a coupling compartment comprising a chamber having a continuous side wall and an opening on a first end. The continuous side wall is configured to hold a low-profile ultrasound transducer within the chamber so that a front ultrasound emitting surface of the low-profile ultrasound transducer faces outward toward the chamber opening. The front ultrasound emitting surface is configured to control the direction and wave pattern of ultrasonic energy emitted from the transducer. The continuous side wall is also configured to hold a quantity of an ultrasound conductive medium within the chamber and is operative to keep the ultrasound conductive medium in simultaneous contact with a surface of a subject and with at least a portion of the front ultrasound emitting surface of the transducer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical active component for stimulating proteasome activity of skin cells comprising the broth obtained by inoculating a biomass of the algae, Gracilaria spp., particularly the algae, Gracilaria tikvahiae, with a yeast culture, and allowing fermentation of the biomass to produce a fermentation broth. Also described is a cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical active component for stimulating proteasome activity of skin cells comprising an extract of the algae, Gracilaria tikvahiae. The present invention also relates to topical compositions comprising as a cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical active component a ferment of the algae, Gracilaria spp., particularly the algae, Gracilaria tikvahiae, or an extract of the algae, Gracilaria tikvahiae, or a combination of both.

Abstract: A fall arrest system adapted for use in construction projects with wall studs of various spacing. The fall arrest system comprises a wall attachment bracket and a retractable harness line system, which provides extension, retraction, and storage of a harness line. The harness line is connected to a user-worn harness to protect the user from falling.

Abstract: A line connector for a personal fall protection system includes a carabiner having a loop portion that at least partially defines an opening. The opening is configured to receive a mating component of the personal fall protection system. The line connector also includes at least one sensor. Each at least one sensor includes a coil disposed around the loop portion of the carabiner. The line connector further includes a control unit coupled to the at least one sensor. The control unit is operable to send an excitation signal to the at least one sensor and determine whether the line connector is coupled to the mating component based on a response signal received from the at least one sensor.

Abstract: A compressed air foam delivery system includes a control unit to monitor and/or adjust components within the system so as to deliver a compressed air foam agent mixture with a desired agent:air ratio at a desired flow rate to one or more active discharges. In one embodiment, the control unit can be equipped to control one or more of a pump engine, water pump, foam delivery unit and air compressor so as to deliver and maintain the desired ratio of agent mixture at the desired flow rate.

Abstract: A fire-fighting device includes an extinguishing device arranged on an end region of a cantilever arm and is adjustable in at least one spatial direction. A penetration fixture is adjustable relative to the extinguishing device and has a double-acting pressure cylinder subjectable to pressure by a pressure medium from a hydraulic system via at least one control valve. The cylinder has a tubular continuous piston rod having a penetration tool on a protruding end having a through-hole and a nozzle head. At another end, the piston rod is connected in line with a supply mechanism for an extinguishing medium. Pressure accumulator elements are in fluid communication with a pressure chamber of the pressure cylinder for extending the penetration tool and with a return line for the pressure medium from another pressure chamber for retracting the penetration tool.

Abstract: Exercise equipment comprises a weight stack configured to oppose a given exercise motion through a cable and pulley system and an elongated connector connecting the cable to a weight stack. The elongated connector comprises a first threaded portion located proximate to the weight stack and a second portion located distal from the weight stack. The first threaded portion is engaged with the weight stack and has a diameter that is greater than a diameter of the second portion such that an operator can visually determine whether the connector is fully engaged with a threaded receptacle in the weight stack.

Abstract: A support apparatus for use during plyometric exercise. The apparatus includes a resilient body having a cuboid shape. A flexible cover is provided that surrounds the body. The cuboid body has a height, width and depth which are all of different lengths to each other such that the apparatus may be arranged in three different orientations in which an uppermost face defines a landing platform of three different heights. The body includes a foam core and a shock absorbing layer located at and bonded to the outer surface of the core that surrounds and encapsulates the core. The shock absorbing layer is formed of a foam material having a density greater than the foam core and is located at all six sides of the apparatus such that an intermediate layer is located at the upper face of the apparatus to define a landing platform whatever the orientation of the apparatus.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented for performing exercises to strengthen the transversus abdominis and related muscles. The systems and methods may involve one or more independent belts, allowing a full range of continuous motion. The systems and methods may further use a resistance-control mechanism that allows a user to adjust the force required to move the one or more belts, thereby controlling the rate of motion in the forward and/or backward directions. The systems and methods may further use a unidirectional resistance mechanism that allows the user to increase the resistance of the one or more belts in one direction, while allowing the one or more belts to move freely in the other direction.

Abstract: A device is disclosed which is more effective and efficient than the traditional sit-up, but does not include the inherent negative side effects. Moreover, the device is intuitive to use, will have increased efficiency, and can be used in a variety of ways. The device is made of a plurality of components, including: a pair of tube housings, a plurality of compression mechanism, a plurality of height-adjustment mechanisms, a width-adjustment mechanism, and a plurality of grips. These components work in conjunction to form an abdominal exercise machine that is more safe and efficient than traditional abdominal exercises.

Abstract: An adjusting structure of an elliptical trainer contains: a base including an upright column, two rotatable posts rotatably connected with the upright column, two driving rods rotatably coupled with the two rotatable posts, a rotating device mounted on the base, and two shafts fixed on two side surfaces of the rotating device. Each shaft is in connection with an adjuster which has a fixing disc, an adjustment disc, and a positioning element. The fixing disc has a plurality of first orifices and a plurality of limiting stems. The adjustment disc has two opposite arcuate slots, a first hole, and a hollow tube. The positioning element is inserted into one of the plurality of first orifices via the hollow tube and the first hole, a hollow fitting sleeve is fitted with the hollow tube, and the hollow fitting sleeve is fitted with each driving rod.

Abstract: An exercise machine includes a frame, at least one arm rest connected to a first portion of the frame, and an exercise platform connected to a second portion of the frame. The at least one arm rest pivotally connected to the first portion to be oriented between an arm rest storage position and an arm rest operating position. The exercise platform is pivotally connected to the second portion to allow the platform to be oriented between a platform storage position and a platform operating position. A locking mechanism to connect the exercise platform to the frame in the platform storage position.

Abstract: An abdominal exercise device comprising a body support to support an upper body of a user, where the body support includes a back rest made up of cushioned partitions; a pair of handles attached to the back rest; a track extending from an end of the body support, where the track includes a plurality of adjustment holes; a leg support attached to the track with a sleeve, where the leg support is adjustable along the track by fastening a stopper through one of the adjustment holes; a slide extending from the sleeve, where the slide includes a plurality of adjustment holes; and a leg stabilizer attached to the slide with a sleeve, where the leg stabilizer is adjustable along the slide by fastening a stopper through one of the adjustment holes.

Abstract: An adjustable, customizable device for use in physical therapy and/or strength training. The device may have a rail; a handle; a weight, where the weight may be adjustably positioned along the rail and held in place against the rail via an attachment device; and a stop located on the rail adjacent the handle, such that the stop prevents the weight from coming into contact with the handle. When the device is held by the handle, the weight provides increased force the further the weight is located from the handle due to the cantilevered nature of the device. Thus, the amount of force used in various exercises can be adjusted by moving the weight along the rail, either between different types of exercises or as the user's strength increases. Different sizes and shapes of handles may be utilized to accommodate the user's hand size and exercise goals.

Abstract: An exercise device comprises a flywheel, a driving assembly, a magnet, and an analysis module. The driving assembly drives the flywheel to rotate and comprises two pedals. The user drives the flywheel via the pedals. The analysis module employs an angle sensor and a hall sensor to calculate a symmetry index of the user.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for enabling an operator to exercise comprising a frame having a body, a base and a top. A load is positioned on the frame for providing a resistive force. A press is positioned on the frame for displacement by the operator. A linkage joins the load with the press for displacing the load upon displacement of the press by the operator. An arm extends between a support end and a user end. A support pivot secures the support end of the arm to the top of the frame for pivoting the arm about the frame. A user interface inputs and outputs data. A user pivot securing the user interface to the user end of the arm for pivoting the user interface about the arm.

Abstract: A bowling ball wherein one or more sacrificial molds are encapsulated in said bowling ball and methods for manufacturing same.

Abstract: The present invention is directed a golf ball comprising a core and a cover and an optional intermediate layer disposed between the core and cover, wherein at least one of the core and the intermediate layer comprises any Pantone Matching System color including blue, green, yellow, pink, or orange having an L* value of about 80 or less; and wherein the cover comprises a translucent thermoset polyurethane material and an amount of pigment or dye such that the cover has any Pantone Matching System color including blue, green, yellow, pink, or orange that has an L* value of about 80 or less. The thermoset polyurethane material may be formed from an aliphatic isocyanate-based composition.

Abstract: A golf ball includes a unitary core having an outer surface, a geometric center, and a soft transition region adjacent to the outer surface. The core is formed from a substantially homogenous composition. An outer cover layer is formed over the core. The soft transition region has a thickness of up to 4 mm, includes about 15 to 30 percent trans-polybutadiene isomer, and has a negative hardness gradient of up to about 10 Shore C. The unitary core has an overall positive hardness gradient of about 15 to 22 Shore C and has a gradient quotient, GQ, defined by the equation: 5 ? G + T 10 ? ? x ? ? COR ? 6 where G is the overall positive hardness gradient in Shore C, T is the percent of trans-polybutadiene isomer at the core outer surface, and COR is the coefficient of restitution measured at an incoming velocity of 125 ft/s.

Abstract: A golf ball including a core having an inner core having an outer surface and a geometric center; and an outer core layer. The outer core layer has an outer surface and includes a soft transition region. An outer cover layer is formed over the core. The soft transition region has a thickness of up to 4 mm, has about 5 to 15 percent trans-polybutadiene isomer, and has a negative hardness gradient of up to about 10 Shore C. The core has an overall positive hardness gradient of about 5 Shore C to 15 Shore C and has a gradient quotient, GQ, defined by the equation: 1 ? G + T 10 × COR ? 4 where G is the overall positive hardness gradient in Shore C, T is the percent of trans-polybutadiene isomer at the core outer surface, and COR is the coefficient of restitution measured at an incoming velocity of 125 ft/s.

Abstract: Methods for evaluating and providing selections of recommended golf balls, golf ball constructions, and configurations of golf ball construction components are provided. Such methods may involve obtaining or measuring spin measurements for a plurality of golf clubs for each of a plurality of golf balls. A linear relationship may be used to determine a spin slope for each golf ball on the basis of the set of spin measurements associated with that golf ball. In turn, a selection of a recommended golf ball, golf ball construction, or configuration of a ball construction component may be made based upon which golf ball has the larger spin slope.

Abstract: A leather-based cover material for an inflatable sports ball that consists of a composite of a thin external layer, a filler, and an internal liner. The thin external layer is dimpled by using positive/negative embossing plates to create pebble projections on an exterior side and voids on the other or interior side. The interior side is coated with a filler material that fills the voids. The cover material is completed by attaching a liner layer to the cured filler material.

Abstract: The ball retriever includes a collecting deck, a ramp, and a platform. The ball retriever is directed to balls for collection. The balls enter the collecting deck. A ramp is connected to the collecting deck. The collecting deck and the ramp pivot to transfer the balls to the platform. The platform may hold a hopper to contain the balls. The ball retriever provides an easy and fun way to pick up tennis balls, sports balls, and other objects.

Abstract: In view of the foregoing, an embodiment herein provides an improved putter which is especially suited for single handed putting. Accordingly, the golf putter includes a putter head, a shaft and a grip, wherein hitting surface of the putter head and flat surface of the grip are parallel and facing the hole while executing the putting stroke. The golf putter can also be used in a conventional manner by holding it with both hands. The line of vision of the golfer is not distorted while employing the instant putting technique and the new putting technique gives excellent directional control to the golfer.

Abstract: An improved striking face of a golf club head and a method of manufacturing thereof is disclosed herein. More specifically, the present invention discloses an improved method of stamped forging variable face geometry onto the rear surface of a striking face from a frontal portion of the striking face; wherein the improved process allows for more precise finished parts with less need for complicated machining. The resulting striking face of a golf club head comprises of a substantially planar frontal surface and a substantially non-planar rear surface, wherein the substantially non-planar rear surface is created via a stamped forging process while the substantially planar frontal surface is created via a machining process.

Abstract: A golf iron clubhead configuration for increasing and controlling face flexure while stabilizing the face in all directions other than the flexure direction and reducing face vibration. The two features that contribute to these results are firstly to free the facewall from z axis restraint by the other portions of the clubhead to the maximum extent possible, limited by clubhead integrity. The second is to stabilize the free face in x and y coordinates of the facial plane with a horizontally elongated tongue or piston attached indirectly, not directly to the face. This tongue slides and is stabilized in a tight-fitting lubricated groove in the rear of the clubhead positioned downwardly from the geometric center of the clubface.

Abstract: A putter head with means for adjusting the stiffness of a face insert is disclosed herein. The putter preferably includes a body, a first face insert comprising a cutout, a second face insert sized to fit within the cutout, an elastomeric pad, and a screw, and tightening the screw preferably causes the elastomeric pad to press against a rear surface of the second face insert and therefore change the stiffness of the second face insert.

Abstract: A golf club 2 includes a head 4 and a shaft 6. A face 5 includes a sole s4 and a grounding member X1. The sole s4 includes a plurality of attaching portions r1. The grounding member X1 can be fixed to each of the plurality of attaching portions r1. A face angle can be varied depending on an attached position of the grounding member X1. Preferably, the golf club 2 further includes a non-grounding member X2. Preferably, the non-grounding member X2 can be fixed to each of the attaching portions r1. Preferably, attached position of the non-grounding member X2 does not influence the face angle.

Abstract: A metal shaft includes a hollow tube made of metal, capable of having hardness varying in a longitudinal direction of the metal shaft while preventing increase in the number of variations on a shape of the metal shaft. The tube has a hardness pattern exhibited by hardness of the tube varying in a longitudinal direction of the tube according to Young's modulus or tensile strength of the metal varying in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A golf bag including a body defining a housing adapted to receive one or more golf clubs, and extending between a bottom portion and a top portion. The golf bag includes a fastener coupled to the body. The fastener includes a first end coupled to the body, a second end opposite the first end, and a locking member. The golf bag also includes a first gripping member coupled to the body and a second gripping member coupled to the fastener. The first gripping member and the second gripping member are configured to receive a cart strap therebetween.

Abstract: Provided is a lacrosse stick conditioning apparatus comprising a retainer, a lever, and a conditioning tool. The retainer may be adapted to hold a lacrosse stick in a substantially fixed position relative to the retainer. The lever may be rotatably mounted relative to the retainer at a primary axis. The lever may having one or more conditioning tool mounts, each mount being adapted for pivotable engagement of a conditioning tool, and defining a mount axis parallel to and offset from the primary axis. The conditioning tool may be rotatably engageable with any of the tool mounts and may have a conditioning tool head engaged therewith.

Abstract: A goal apparatus for soccer (football) and the like has a frame, a first pliable goalpost member, a second pliable goalpost member and a pliable crossbar member. The frame presents net connection points and is configured to support each of the pliable goal members in tension between two net connection points such that the goal apparatus presents a substantially rectangular goal mouth.

Abstract: A launching device comprises a shaft having a first end and a second end, a head coupled to the first end of the shaft and a handle coupled to the second end of the shaft. The head comprises a cavity and a launch ramp curved both upwardly and outwardly from the cavity, wherein a distal portion of the launch ramp extends outwardly beyond the cavity in a forward launching direction. An angle is defined by the longitudinal grip axis and the distal portion of the launch ramp to direct a projectile disposed in the cavity in the forward launching direction.

Abstract: A trampoline court has a trampoline frame providing a frame for multiple trampolines arranged in a regular pattern including a first player section, and a second player section. The first player section includes a first player middle trampoline bounded by a pair of first player side trampolines. A first player right trampoline extends to the right of the first player middle trampoline and a first player trampoline extends to the left of the first player middle trampoline. The first player middle trampoline is generally horizontal. The first player side trampolines are angled toward each other relative to the first player middle trampoline.

Abstract: A holding device (4) for a net (6) of a table-tennis table with two playing area leaves (1, 2) and an underframe (3), wherein the holding apparatus (4) includes two holding units (5) which can be arranged on opposite sides of the two playing area leaves (1, 2), and wherein each of the holding units (5) can be attached on at least one of the playing area leaves (1, 2) or on the substructure (3) and can hold one end of the net (6) and wherein the holding apparatus (4) includes at least one blocking means (7) which is arranged on one of the holding units (5) and, in the mounted state of the holding device (4), can be transferred into a blocking position in which it abuts against the under surfaces of the two playing area leaves (1, 2).

Abstract: Provided is a multipurpose putting practice device for enabling straight putting and distance practice by situation, which: enables short-distance or middle- and long-distance putting practice on flat, uphill, and downhill environments; enables a golf ball to be collected at the same place where putting is carried out through an upwardly protruding putting line during putting; improves positioning by checking whether a golf ball has gone into the hole by sound and with the naked eye so as to hit the golf ball to a target spot in a fixed direction; and forms correct putting postures, and digitizes and visualizes a plurality of green speeds such that a user can compare and figure out the plurality of green speeds and practice distance adjustment on a desired field.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a ball throwing machine including a motor coupled to a rotary wheel and configured to rotate the rotary wheel at a rotational speed to throw a ball forward toward an athlete. A speed control module may be coupled to the motor and configured to rotate the rotary wheel, via the motor, at a first rotational speed during a fastball setting and a second rotational speed during a changeup setting. The speed control module may determine the second rotational speed based on the first rotational speed so that a ball thrown by the ball throwing machine will arrive in a target zone when the ball throwing machine is in the fastball setting and the changeup setting. In some embodiments, the speed control module may utilize resistive braking to transition the rotary wheel from the first rotational speed to the second rotational speed.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a ball throwing machine including a motor coupled to a rotary wheel and configured to rotate the rotary wheel at a rotational speed to throw a ball forward toward an athlete. A speed control module may be coupled to the motor and configured to rotate the rotary wheel, via the motor, at a first rotational speed during a fastball setting and a second rotational speed during a changeup setting. The speed control module may determine the second rotational speed based on the first rotational speed so that a ball thrown by the ball throwing machine will arrive in a target zone when the ball throwing machine is in the fastball setting and the changeup setting.

Abstract: A trunk lift assessment device includes a tower extending upwardly from a base; an arm extending outwardly from the tower, a gauge disposed at the tower, and an indicator coupled to the first end of the arm so that the indicator moves relative to the gauge when the arm is pivoted relative to the tower. The arm is configured to remain fixed relative to the tower when no external force is applied to the second end of the arm. The arm also is configured to pivot relative to the tower when an external force is applied to the second end of the arm.

Abstract: A glove useful for mixed martial arts fighting has padded knuckles for the four non-opposed fingers, with the lower half of each of the fingers not enclosed. The palm of the glove is open, and the thumb is not covered. The glove has an inner pair of attachment straps closable across each other over the wrist, and installed over the attachment straps is a closable outer support or stability strap that wraps around the wrist. Both the attachment straps and the support strap are preferably closable through use of a hook and loop fastening means such as Velcro®.

Abstract: A sharpening machine generally includes a grinding wheel having a perimeter that is rotatable about a first axis. The sharpening machine includes an adjustment device adapted to be coupled to a structure of the sharpening machine. A shaft, mounted to the adjustment device, defines a second axis that is generally parallel to the first axis when the adjustment device is coupled to the structure and is movable along a predetermined feed axis toward the grinding wheel. A carousel is rotatably connected to the shaft of the adjustment device. A contouring tool having a counter surface is rotatably connected to the carousel. Movement of the shaft of the adjustment device along the feed axis is configured to translate the carousel and move the contouring tool into and out of engagement with the grinding wheel to facilitate dressing of the perimeter of the grinding wheel to a grinding wheel contour.

Abstract: A line marking apparatus incorporates a replaceable container (31) of line marking material. The apparatus comprises a body (3) including an opening provided with a first engaging member (21), and a replaceable container (31) for line marking material. The container comprises a base (33) and side walls (35) and is provided with an outlet (37) for the line marking material at a location remote from the base. The container is also provided in the region of the base with a second engaging member (49) adapted to co-operate with the first engaging member of the body for releasably suspending the container within the body in an inverted configuration.

Abstract: A card dealing shoe with card reading capability for facilitating play of card games includes a control system configured to detect the existence of an alarm condition and a card restraining apparatus mounted on the elongated housing and configured for alternating between a non-restraining condition and a restraining condition, wherein the restraining condition includes activation of a physical restraint that prevents cards from being added to and removed from the card receiving or staging area in the card dealing shoe, wherein the card restraining apparatus is in communication with the control system and actuated from the non-restraining condition to the restraining condition responsive to the detection of an alarm condition.

Abstract: Provided is a water raceway device comprising a tub and a raceway insert. The tub is adapted to contain water to a functional depth, is open at the top, and is bounded by a set of side walls and a set of end walls. The raceway insert has a pair of dividers each having a first end, and a base. The base is engaged with the first ends of the dividers, has supports adapted for supporting the base on the tub, has a pair of slots elongated to define a forward direction and a rearward direction, each slot having slidably engaged therewith a handle, the handle having a paddle pivotably mounted thereon, and wherein each paddle can be moved in the forward direction or in the rearward direction. The dividers and the side walls define within the tub, wave sluices and a current sluice.

Abstract: A primary display displays a primary image. A peripheral illusion is displayed around the primary display by an environmental display so that the peripheral illusion appears as an extension of the primary image.

Abstract: A system is described for a computer-based word-guessing game that can be used to elicit market-research data, specifically sentiment and awareness data. The two-person game involves a clue giver and a guesser, each playing on their own mobile device. The clue giver sends clues to induce the guesser to guess a given target word or phrase before a countdown clock runs out. The clues used and the guesses made can be analyzed to reveal the opinions and knowledge that the players have about products, brands, and people. The game features a novel mechanic in which the clue words are categorized according to how obvious they are. Using more-obvious clues causes the countdown clock to decrement faster, thereby making the game play more strategic and entertaining, while also incentivizing the clue giver to use less-obvious, sentiment-oriented words that are more useful for market-research purposes.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system and methodology for dynamically adjusting a game based on predictions made during game account creation in accordance with one or more implementations. The system may be configured to receive user information included in platform level accounts which were previously created by users on an online platform. The system may be configured such that creation of a first game level account for a first user of an online game includes receiving user information from a first platform level user account which was previously created by the first user on an online platform and using this user information to determine in-game customizations predicted to be desirable for a user.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an embodied Robot videogame apparatus that receives input through the (human) user's physical actions (full body actions), contact and physiological signals (Bio-signals). The apparatus has principal components: led/sound sensor eye with a video camera; mechanical lever; rotation sensor; rubber torso; solar battery; sensor leds; heart rate and galvanic skin response sensor; multi-touch computer display, with a I/O board v2.0 Bluetooth wireless connection; multiplayer button; microphone; intensity sensor; feet support; suspensions; rubber pneumatic wheels; accelerometer sensor; plastic leveler sensor; wireless Bluetooth digitizers; Velcro strips; and GPS. The apparatus includes a series of electronic sensor that detects the user's input physical actions, contact and physiological signals in real-time. The output result is visualized on a multi-touch computer display. The player's real-time actions are translated in virtual actions in the software game scenarios (e.g.

Abstract: A gaming system employs bioinformatics to improve gamer performance and enhance the gaming experience. The gaming system monitors biometrics of gamers using gaming accessories having sensors coupled to the gaming accessories (e.g., a mouse with pulse sensor). Biometrics can be used to assess a crisis or panic reaction of the gamer. The system can also assess the state of the game in real time via API feedback, and coach the player on how best to regain control. The system can also predict a gamer's loss of control by monitoring hardware statistics associated with the game, combined with gaming feedback and biometric data, and can determine how best to coach the player to correct problems. Predictive models can be used to predict a gamer's panic attack or loss of control before it occurs. When a crisis occurs, the system can automatically contact the gamer's teammates to assist the gamer.