Abstract: In one embodiment, a flow-estimation processor receives one or more flow-depth measurements with each flow-depth measurement having been taken at a respective time. The processor calculates a respective estimated flow rate for each of the times based on the corresponding flow-depth measurement and one or more flow-estimation parameters each set to a respective initial value. The processor outputs the estimated flow rates for presentation via a user interface, and receives via the user interface one or more updated values corresponding respectively to a flow-estimation parameter. The processor calculates an updated estimated flow rate for each of the one or more times, such that each respective updated estimated flow rate is calculated based on the received updated values. The processor then outputs the updated estimated flow rates for presentation via the user interface.

Abstract: An amount of propellant remaining in an orbiting satellite can be estimated in a more accurate manner than is possible with conventional approached. Pressure and temperature telemetry data received from the satellite can be analyzed using a maximum likelihood estimation approach that reconstructs a predicted tank pressure signal using the temperature data and determines a pressurant volume necessary to make the reconstructed pressure signal match the received pressure signal. Drift of the pressure data received from pressure transducers in the satellite can also be addressed using the current subject matter, as can issues including but not limited to inaccessible propellant due to satellite spin, tank expansion under pressure, and the like. Independent determinations of the amounts of propellant remaining can be made using moment of inertia calculations in situations in which an axis of spin of the satellite is known a priori.

Abstract: A device for recalibrating an exhaust gas mass flow sensor includes a first sensor, a second sensor, and a control unit. The first sensor comprises a heating element and a first temperature measuring element. The second sensor comprises a second temperature measuring element. The control unit controls a temperature signal produced at the heating element and comprises a first and second characteristic map. The first characteristic map plots an exhaust gas mass flow as a function of a heat dissipation of the heating element. A correction factor can be determined from the second characteristic map based on the temperature signal produced at the heating element and measured by the first temperature measuring element and based on a temperature signal measured via the heating element at the second temperature measuring element. The correction facture corrects a measured heat dissipation of the unit heating element to a corrected exhaust gas mass flow.

Abstract: A device for measuring a fuel flow in a test stand comprises a measuring module (10) for measuring a fuel flow guided through the measuring module (10) as well as a conditioning module (11) arranged downstream of the measuring module (10) for conditioning the fuel. Moreover, a verification module (19) is provided downstream of the measuring module (10) for checking the measuring precision of the measuring module (10). The fuel may be guided optionally to the conditioning module (11) or to the verification module (19). The verification module (19) is an integral part of the device may have an injector (26) as a dosing unit for extracting an exactly defined reference fuel quantity.

Abstract: Vibration sensing wear for soldiers or law enforcement officers include at least one sensing system having vibration sensors, at least one processing unit, and a user interface unit capable of altering the wearer of surface vibration (e.g., ground, walls, floors, ceilings, etc.), object size, and direction.

Abstract: A sensing system comprising a radar-based vibration sensor and processing unit used to collect and process vibration information from a machine of interest. The radar-based vibration sensor obtains vibration data from mechanical operation of a component or series of components in the machine, and may be steered toward specific regions of interest of the machine. The processing unit analyzes the data, and may fuse data from a plurality of vibration sensors, such as radar-based vibration sensors and multiple machine-mounted sensors such as accelerometers. From this analysis, indications related to a status of the mechanical operation of the components in the machine of interest may be provided to relevant users.

Abstract: Method for determining a characteristic for the quality of alignment of a rotating machine, by obtaining vibration data with at least one vibration sensor, and using the vibration data obtained with the vibration sensor to determine a characteristic for the quality of alignment. Furthermore, alignment data obtained from first and second optoelectronic units is used in addition to the vibration data obtained with the at least one vibration sensor to produce a combination value from which both an instantaneous vibration state and success of the alignment can be determined.

Abstract: A System and Method for Low Signal Knife Edge Wavefront Sensing in an Adaptive Optical System to provide measurement and compensation of aberrations induced by propagation through an optical system and through a turbulent medium to a target. The wavefront sensing method requires a minimum signal level for effective operation by taking advantage of the implicit gain afforded by the knife edge principle and incorporating a means for on-line calibration of the knife edge gain. This particular advantage reduces requirements on the laser utilized to generate a beacon signal for wavefront sensing and reduces requirements on the detectors utilized for wavefront sensing, ultimately reducing cost of the method relative to alternative adaptive optical systems using conventional wavefront sensing methods. The method is suitable for use with a broad range of laser sources, including continuous wave and pulsed laser sources, cooperative and non-cooperative targets.

Abstract: A spectroscopic measurement device includes: a dividing optical system for dividing a measurement beam emitted from each of a plurality of measurement points located within a measurement area of an object to be measured, into a first measurement beam and a second measurement beam; an imaging optical system; an optical path length difference providing means; a detector including a plurality of pixels; a processor for acquiring an interferogram of a measurement point of the object to be measured; a conjugate plane imaging optical system located between the object to be measured and the dividing optical system; and a periodicity providing means located on the conjugate plane.

Abstract: An emission can be obtained from a sample in response to excitation using a specified range of excitation frequencies. Such excitation can include generating a specified chirped waveform and a specified downconversion local oscillator (LO) frequency using a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), upconverting the chirped waveform via mixing the chirped waveform with a specified upconversion LO frequency, frequency multiplying the upconverted chirped waveform to provide a chirped excitation signal for exciting the sample, receiving an emission from sample, the emission elicited at least in part by the chirped excitation signal, and downconverting the received emission via mixing the received emission with a signal based on the specified downconversion LO signal to provide a downconverted emission signal within the bandwidth of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The specified chirped waveform can include a first chirped waveform during a first duration, and a second chirped waveform during a second duration.

Abstract: A method for detecting photons includes subjecting a photodiode formed in a semi-conductive material, to a bias voltage such that an avalanche phenomenon can appear when a photon enters the photodiode in an avalanche layer extending into the semi-conductive material down to minimum and maximum depths so that it can be reached by photons having a wavelength between minimum and maximum wavelengths. The method also includes comparing the amplitude of a signal supplied by the photodiode with two threshold values, and deducing that the photodiode received a photon having a wavelength between two threshold wavelengths ranging between the minimum and maximum wavelengths, if the amplitude of the signal is between the two threshold values.

Abstract: Various embodiments include systems and apparatuses adapted for detecting two-dimensional turbomachine exhaust temperature. In some embodiments, a system includes a two-dimensional grid sized to mount within an exhaust path of a gas turbomachine, a radiation detection device for detecting radiation emitted from the two-dimensional grid at a plurality of points on the two-dimensional grid, the radiation detection device being mountable proximate the exhaust path and the two-dimensional grid and at least one computing device connected with the radiation detection device, the at least one computing device configured to generate a planar map of the temperature of the exhaust from the gas turbomachine based upon the intensity of the radiation emitted from two-dimensional grid detected at the plurality of points on the two-dimensional grid.

Abstract: A method for inspecting drink containers, wherein the container is transported along a predefined transport path by means of a transport facility, and an outside wall of the container is tempered at least in sections, and wherein an area of the inside wall of the container is inspected through an orifice of the container during or after tempering of the outside wall by means of an inspection means is provided. The inspection means includes at least heat radiation emanating from the observed area of the inside wall, and conclusions are drawn from the recorded heat radiation as to the presence of foreign bodies between the observed area of the inside wall and the inspection means.

Abstract: A bolometric detector includes a substrate; bolometric detection microbridges suspended above the substrate and thermally insulated from the substrate; bolometric compensation microbridges suspended above the substrate and thermalized to the substrate; and a read circuit formed in the substrate to apply a biasing to the detection microbridges and to the compensation microbridges and to form differences between signals generated by detection microbridges and signals generated by compensation microbridges under the effect of the applied biasing. Each detection microbridge and each compensation microbridge includes electrically-conductive anchoring nails connected to the read circuit, a membrane attached to the anchoring nails above the substrate, and a thermometric element arranged in the membrane. The detector further includes thermal short-circuit elements between the membrane of each compensation microbridge and the substrate.

Abstract: An inspection system, in particular, a sewer inspection system is provided, comprising a temperature measurement device, whereby the temperature measurement device is a pyrometer for contact-free measurement of a surface temperature of an object, in particular, a pipe wall. Advantageously, the pyrometer is configured as an infra-red temperature sensor.

Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring heliostat reflectivity with a control processing unit configured to receive an image of a heliostat, receive an image of the Sun, process the received images, and determine a reflectivity estimate based on a comparison of the processed images.

Abstract: A method of predicting a temperature includes operatively coupling a temperature prediction circuit to a device including a semiconductor chip, determining a correlation between a current and voltage of the temperature prediction circuit, and predicting a temperature with respect to power applied to the device using the determined correlation.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring system including a three dimensional embedded sensor coupled to an article, wherein the three dimensional embedded sensor is a direct write embedded sensor using a high temperature light emitting material. A camera system detects illumination signals from the embedded sensors. A processing section processes the illumination signals and determines gas/surface temperatures and strain data for the article.

Abstract: A heating control apparatus and a control method thereof are provided. The heating control apparatus includes a heating module, a temperature sensing module, a pulse width modulation circuit, and a comparator. Input terminals of the comparator are respectively coupled to the temperature sensing module and the pulse width modulation circuit, and an output terminal of the comparator is coupled to the heating module. In the control method, a heating temperature of the heating module is sensed by the temperature sensing module, so as to provide a temperature sensing signal. The comparator receives the temperature sensing signal and a pulse width modulation signal generated by the pulse width modulation circuit and compares the temperature sensing signal and the pulse width modulation signal to generate a comparing pulse width modulation signal, so as to control the heating temperature of the heating module by using the comparing pulse width modulation signal.

Abstract: A magnetic load sensor unit is provided which can detect a load with a minute movement of its part, and which is durable and less likely to be influenced by temperature. The sensor unit includes a flange member (1) deflectable when an axial load is applied, a support member (2) supporting the flange member (1), a magnetic target (3) which generates a magnetic field, and a magnetic sensor (4) for detecting the magnetic field generated by the magnetic target (3). The magnetic target (3) and the magnetic sensor (4) are fixed to the flange member (1) and the support member (2), respectively, such that when the flange member (1) is deflected, the magnetic target (3) and the magnetic sensor (4) move relative to each other, whereby magnitude of the load can be detected based on the magnetic field detected by the magnetic sensor (4).

Abstract: In an apparatus and a method of evaluating a clamp force (F) in a threaded joint between a bolt and a matching threaded piece during a tightening operation, a torque (T) provided to the joint is continuously measured and ultra-sonic pulses are simultaneously induced into the bolt such that a time of flight (TOF) of the pulses in the bolt is measured. In response to an increase of the measured torque (T) an increase rate (dT/d?) of the torque (T) is determined, from which an initial rotation angle (?0) where the torque (T) starts to increase due to bolt deformation is determined. An increase rate (dTOF/d?) of the time of flight (TOF) is also determined. A total increase of the time of flight (?TOF) during the tightening operation is then determined based on the initial rotation angle (?0) and the increase rate (dTOF/d?) of the time of flight (TOF).

Abstract: Provided herein is a leak detector comprising: a flat base sheet bound by an outer perimeter and an interior aperture; a wick material barrier coupled to the base between the aperture and the outer perimeter in a continuous or substantially continuous strip around the aperture, the wick material barrier interrupted by one or more gap regions, each gap region defined by a pair of wick material projections starting at either end of the gap region and extending radially outward; a liquid sensor in fluid communication with the pair of wick material projections; and a liquid-impermeable material coupled to the base sheet and surrounding the pair of wick material projections to form a liquid-impermeable enclosure defining an interior cavity comprising the pair of wick material projections and the liquid sensor.

Abstract: An oil transporting vaporizer for a smoke generating apparatus to generate smoke to be supplied to a closed system to be tested for leaks. In a preferred embodiment, the vaporizer includes a hollow tube that is manufactured from a high temperature, fire resistant, porous material (e.g., ceramic). The vaporizer stands in a reservoir of oil such that some of the porous tube is filled with oil from the reservoir. A heater wire surrounds the outside of the porous tube above the oil within the tube. A gas (e.g., air) is blown into the porous tube and towards the oil to cause a mixture of air and gas to move through the tube. Because of its porosity, the air/oil mixture permeates the tube in the vicinity of the heater wire so as to be vaporized into smoke when the heater wire is energized.

Abstract: Improved gas leak detection from moving platforms is provided. Automatic horizontal spatial scale analysis can be performed in order to distinguish a leak from background levels of the measured gas. Source identification can be provided by using isotopic ratios and/or chemical tracers to distinguish gas leaks from other sources of the measured gas. Multi-point measurements combined with spatial analysis of the multi-point measurement results can provide leak source distance estimates. These methods can be practiced individually or in any combination.

Abstract: An embodiment of a directional ultrasonic gas leak detector includes an array of spaced MEMS microphones, each responsive to incident airborne ultrasonic energy from gas leak sources to generate a microphone signal. A beamforming processor is responsive to the microphone signals from the array to generate processor output signals indicative of estimated angles of arrival of ultrasonic energy incident on the array. The array may be disposed in an explosion proof housing structure for operation in hazardous location, or implemented as an intrinsically safe device. In another embodiment, a display is responsive to the processor output signals to generate an image representative of a surveilled scene with the estimated magnitudes of incident energy at beam directions overlaid onto the image.

Abstract: The selectable multi-axis shaker table may be adjusted to produce reciprocating linear motion parallel to any one or more of three mutually orthogonal axes, and/or to produce rotary reciprocating motion about its longitudinal axis. The device is driven by a single linear actuator, e.g., a hydraulic or pneumatic ram, linear motor, etc. The device includes a fixed lower base, an intermediate plate adjustably linked to the base, and an upper platform adjustably linked to the intermediate plate. By adjusting one or more of the various linkages between the base, intermediate plate, and upper platform, and/or adjusting the location of the receiver link and linear actuator to the mechanism, the selectable multi-axis shaker table may produce motion of the table platform parallel to its major horizontal axis (X-axis), minor horizontal axis (Y-axis), and/or its vertical axis (Z-axis), and can further produce reciprocating rotary motion of the platform about its X-axis.

Abstract: A diagnostic module may include an inspection device, a cleaning device, and in various other examples, a verification device. The inspection device may inspect an optical fiber end-face of an optical fiber. The cleaning device may clean the optical fiber end-face of the optical fiber. The diagnostic module may automatically move from an optical connector to another optical connector.

Abstract: A rotor state sensor system is provided for use with a rotor including a hub, a hub arm and a blade coupled to the hub by the hub arm. The sensor system includes sensors disposed on the hub arm to define a first plane, which emit emissions and receive reflected emissions, and which generate a signal according to the received reflected emissions, reflector plates disposed on the blade which define a second plane at locations where the emissions from the sensors are incident on the reflector plates and from which the reflected emissions are reflected towards the sensors and a computing device which receives the signal from the sensors, determines relative orientations of the first and second planes according to the received signal and determines a condition of the rotor based on the determined relative orientations.

Abstract: A system for optically monitoring a gas turbine engine includes a viewport into the gas turbine engine, and an optical connection having a first axial end and a second axial end. The first axial end is optically coupled to the viewport and configured to receive an image from the viewport, the optical connection includes a substrate having multiple hollow passages each extending from the first axial end to the second axial end, and each hollow passage includes a reflective coating disposed on an inner surface of the hollow passage to facilitate transmission of a respective portion of the image from the first axial end to the second axial end. In addition, the system includes a detector array in optical communication with the second axial end of the optical connection. The detector array includes multiple detection elements configured to receive multiple respective portions of the image from the hollow passages.

Abstract: A normalization method includes: normalizing a current value of each operating parameter relative to exogenous variables using a first regression model defined on a space generated by the exogenous variables; associating the vector formed by the normalized current values of the parameters with at least one vector class of a set of predefined classes; using at one second regression model defined on the space generated by the exogenous variables for the at least one class associated with the vector to construct, for each parameter, a third regression model onto the space; and normalizing the normalized current value of each parameter relative to the exogenous variables using the third regression model.

Abstract: An axle alignment sensor assembly, which includes an enclosure, an oscillator, a frequency detector, an output switch driver, a ferrite component, and an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection component, is disclosed. The oscillator is positioned at the sensing end and is configured to generate a magnetic field. The frequency detector is positioned at the sensing end and is configured to detect the magnetic field. The output switch driver is in communication with the frequency detector and is configured to generate and deliver an output based on detection by the frequency detector. The ferrite component is positioned proximal to the connecting end and is configured to prevent electromagnetic interference. The ESD protection component is configured to protect the axle alignment sensor assembly in overvoltage conditions. The oscillator, the frequency detector, the output switch driver, the ferrite component, and the ESD protection component are encased within the enclosure.

Abstract: An automated water testing apparatus and to a method of using the apparatus to test the amounts of dissolved salts and other solids in a water sample, where the apparatus includes a specially constructed sample bottle which preferably has a flexible wall and is fitted with a filter cap having a mesh top wall through which sample water can be poured to remove suspended matter, several beakers, a desiccator enclosure, a computer containing a database and an inventive computer program for executing method steps, and several devices in communication with and controlled by the computer and the program for executing the method, these devices preferably including a conductivity meter having a meter electrode, a robotic arm having a gripper, an analytical scale, a top loader balance scale and an oven.

Abstract: A sample collection unit for microbiological air analysis includes a housing and a sample treatment path. The housing has a sample inlet opening, an optical window, and an air outlet opening. The sample treatment path has a conjugation pad, and a test strip with a test area and an absorber section. The sample collection unit also has a device configured to receive a container for a solvent, and a device configured to release the solvent. The sample collection unit is preferably configured as a disposable component in the form of a cartridge. Integration of the container for the solvent in the sample collection unit permits simplification and automation of the corresponding sampling method.

Abstract: The invention relates, in accordance with one aspect, to a portable device for transporting at least one histological sample or at least one cassette containing a histological sample. The device is attachable to a processing station for processing 5 histological samples. In the attached state, energy for cooling the histological sample is transferred from the processing station to the device or vice versa. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a processing station for processing a histological sample is provided, which station is embodied for releasable attachment of a portable device. The processing station is further embodied to transfer energy 10 for cooling to, or receive it from, an attached device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an immunoaffinity device for capturing one or more analytes present at high or low concentrations in simple or complex matrices. The device is designed as an integrated modular unit and connected to capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography for the isolation, enrichment, separation and identification of polymeric macromolecules, primarily protein biomarkers. The integrated modular unit includes an analyte-concentrator-microreaction device connected to a modified cartridge-cassette.

Abstract: Described is a device for solid phase extraction of a dried sample of a biological fluid. The device includes a support structure such as a plate or support block that has a first side to receive a dried sample card. The support structure also has a second side that is opposite the first side and a number of apertures that extend between the first and second sides. The device also includes a plurality of wells each containing a sample preparation material and having an inlet end that communicates with a respective aperture at the second side of the support structure. Each dried sample on the dried sample card is aligned with one of the apertures. Extraction samples in each well pass through the sample preparation material, such as a chromatographic sorbent, in the well to remove one or more constituents of the extraction sample.

Abstract: A system for and method of stretching a membrane is provided. The system has a top plate and a bottom plate that are in parallel with each other and a plurality of flexible v trusses. The top plate is configured to move vertically. The v trusses are placed in circle and have arms pointing to the center. There is a clamp for each arm for clamping a membrane. When external force is applied to push the top plate towards the bottom plate, the force bends the trusses, which is translated to the horizontal displacement of the trusses with arms. As the trusses move outwards, the clamped membrane is stretched.

Abstract: A cartridge suitable for use in a bond testing machine includes a plurality of a different test tools. A rotary mechanism is provided and each of the plurality of different test tools is mounted to the rotary mechanism angularly spaced from one another. A drive unit is coupled to the rotary mechanism and is configured to rotate the rotary mechanism to move each of the plurality of different test tools to and from a use position. An air interface receives compressed air from a corresponding air interface on a positioning assembly of the bond testing machine.

Abstract: A method for operating an electronic device including a first sensor is provided, the method including: obtaining a first reading from the first sensor; detecting a state of the electronic device; and adjusting the first reading based on the state the electronic device to generate an adjusted reading; and performing, by the electronic device, an action based on the adjusted reading; wherein the first sensor includes at least one of a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor.

Abstract: In accordance with certain embodiments, a smoke detector determines the presence of smoke particles outside its housing based on measurements of light detected at different wavelengths and corrected based on an ambient light level.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an optical molecular sensing device and related method. The optical molecular sensing device has an optical resonator adapted to be connected to an excitation source. The excitation source may be a laser operating at a 2.7-2.8 um spectral range. The optical molecular sensing device has an emission spectrum comprised of a plurality wavelengths. Also included are a detection unit and a RF frequency counter to detect at least one RF beat note resulting from detecting the emission spectrum of the optical resonator. A change in frequency of the RF beat note indicates the presence of a target molecule.

Abstract: A silicon oil sensor is provided and includes a transparent member and a laser source emitting a laser beam. The transparent member includes a light receiving passageway with an oil receiving section and a side surface. The laser beam is directed into the light receiving passageway such that an incident angle ? of the laser beam (L) with respect to the side surface is selected so that a total reflection of the laser beam (L) occurs on the side surface when the oil receiving section is filled with air and exits out of the transparent member along a total reflection path (L1). A refraction of the laser beam (L) occurs along a refraction path (L2) when the oil receiving section collects silicon oil.

Abstract: A method of controlling processing of a substrate includes measuring a spectrum reflected from the substrate, for each partition of a plurality of partitions of the measured spectrum, computing a partition value based on the measured spectrum within the partition to generate a plurality of partition values, for each reference spectrum signature of a plurality of reference spectrum signatures, determining a membership function for each partition, for each partition, computing a membership value based on the membership function for the partition and the partition value for the partition to generate a plurality of groups of membership values with each group of the plurality of groups associated with a reference spectrum signature, selecting a best matching reference spectrum signature from the plurality of reference spectra signatures based on the plurality of groups of membership values, and determining a characterizing value associated with the best matching reference spectrum signature.

Abstract: An apparatus for scanning and detecting analytes in real time as they move through a separation conduit is provided. The apparatus may include a detector mounted on a scanner containing a separation conduit positions under the scanner such that the scanner may move back and forth along the conduit, producing time and space data of the column as the analyte moves through and providing information regarding elution of the analyte in real time. A method for real time analysis of analytes as they move through a separation conduit is also provided.

Abstract: A crystal film with nitrogen vacancy centers is placed in close proximity to a photon emitter. Excitation illumination is produced to cause the nitrogen vacancy centers to produce photoluminescence. Illumination is produced by the photon emitter, which may be near field or far field and which quenches the photoluminescence intensity using an effect known as Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED). The quenching caused by the photon emitter is detected and analyzed to determine characteristics of the photon emitter. The analysis takes into account the characteristic dependence of the STED on the depletion light power, i.e. the photon source, and a spatial distribution of the light intensity. The analysis may be applied to spatially resolved measurements or an integral value of the photoluminescence quenching. The analysis may determine characteristics such as peak power, power scaling factor, and FWHM of the illumination profile of the photon emitter.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides instruments and methods for detecting an analyte which are capable of exciting a plurality of luminescence labels and detecting light emitted therefrom. The instrument includes a filter carrier adapted for carrying a plurality of filter portion pairs, each pair related to a luminescence label and comprising a first filter portion for transmitting excitation light, and a second filter portion for transmitting emitted light. The first filter portion of a pair comprises a second filter portion of another pair. Also, the filter portions are arranged such that a pair can be brought into an operative condition whereby a first filter portion is in the excitation beam path and a second filter portion is in the emission beam path. The filter carrier and beam paths may be moved with respect to each other by a moving mechanism so as to bring a pair into operative condition.

Abstract: Embodiments encompass a single-molecule detection system and methods of using the detection system to detect an object. Further, embodiments encompass a detection system comprising a movable light coupler, a waveguide, and a light detector. Embodiments further encompass methods of single-molecule detection, including methods of single-molecule nucleic acid sequencing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, kits and systems for signal amplification that can be used for many analytes. For example, a method of detecting an analyte in a sample includes contacting the sample containing the analyte with a detecting agent, wherein the detecting agent contains a specific binding agent that binds the analyte and zinc nanoparticles wherein the zinc nanoparticles and specific binding agent are coupled together; exposing the analyte bound to the specific binding agent which is coupled to the zinc nanoparticles to an acidic condition to release zinc ions from the zinc nanoparticles; contacting the released zinc ions with an indicator to generate a signal; and detecting the signal. The disclosed bioassay can be used in clinical and non-clinical settings. For example, the method can be used for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and/or treatment-effectiveness or for testing for the presence of a substance like biological or chemical agents.

Abstract: A method comprising: providing a device for detecting a biological signature behind a glass surface using non-visible light is provided. A method of emitting one or more pulses of energy at a specific wavelength over a field of illumination towards a target area, filtering out one or more returning wavelengths from the target area, and determining, based on the filtering, if a combination of a fluorescence wavelength and a source wavelength is present, is also provided. An associated system is further provided.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a nanoparticle, which can be used effectively for Raman analysis based on very high amplification effect of electromagnetic signal by plasomonic coupling of nanogap formation inside thereof and high reproducibility, and which includes core and surrounding shell with nanogap formation between the same and the method of synthesis thereof. The present invention is also to provide the method for detecting the analyte using the above nanoparticle and the analyte detection kit including the above nanoparticle.