Abstract: A fluid pressure system includes an actuator, an operating valve, and a spool valve. The spool valve is connected to a pressure source and a tank by a pressure source line and a tank line, respectively, and connected to the actuator by a first movement line and a second movement line. The spool valve moves from a neutral position to a movement position by a moving amount corresponding to a pilot pressure outputted from the operating valve, the movement position being a position at which the spool valve allows the pressure source line to communicate with the first movement line and allows the second movement line to communicate with the tank line. A relief line branches off from the second movement line, and the relief line connects to a tank. A variable throttle valve is provided on the relief line.

Abstract: The object is to make it possible to efficiently utilize rated output torque of the prime mover by performing total torque control with high precision through precise detection of absorption torque of the other hydraulic pump by use of a purely hydraulic structure and feedback of the absorption torque to the one hydraulic pump's side. For this purpose, the hydraulic drive system is equipped with: a torque feedback circuit 112v which is supplied with delivery pressure of a main pump 202 and load sensing drive pressure, modifies the delivery pressure of the main pump 202 to achieve a characteristic simulating the absorption torque of the main pump 202, and outputs the modified pressure; and a torque feedback piston 112f which is supplied with output pressure of the torque feedback circuit and controls displacement of a main pump 102 so as to decrease the displacement of the main pump 102 and thereby decrease maximum torque T12max as the output pressure increases.

Abstract: A fail fixed actuator utilizing a rotary cam and servo are provided herein.

Abstract: A system for measuring hydraulic cylinder displacement may include a sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of a hydraulic fluid flow velocity into or out of the hydraulic cylinder. The system may further include a hydraulic fluid flow model configured to scale the hydraulic fluid flow velocity to a predicted rate of change of cylinder displacement for the hydraulic cylinder.

Abstract: A hydraulic system is disclosed. The hydraulic system may include a fluid source and an actuator having a first passage and a second passage. The hydraulic system may further include a pump having a first port connected to the first passage, a second port connected to the second passage, and a third port connected to the fluid source. The first and second passages may be connected to each other via the first and second ports, and the first passage and the low-pressure fluid source may be connected to each other via the first and third ports. They hydraulic system may further include a charge circuit fluidly connected to the first and second passages, and at least one damping control valve configured to selectively allow fluid from the pump to pass into the charge circuit to dampen pressure oscillations between the actuator and the pump.

Abstract: A synthetic jet actuator and a method for optimizing a synthetic jet actuator to meet operating requirements and physical constraints may include estimating dimension and a resonance frequency of an air cavity of the synthetic jet actuator, and using the estimated resonance frequency to the estimate dimensions of a piezoelectric actuator of the synthetic jet actuator. Individual simulations of the air cavity and piezoelectric actuator, and a coupled simulation may be performed using the estimated dimensions, and the dimensions may be revised and simulations re-executed to match the resonance frequencies of the air chamber and the piezoelectric actuator. The method maybe yield a synthetic jet actuator having a resonance frequency of the piezoelectric actuator that is approximately equal to a quarter-wavelength resonance frequency of the air cavity.

Abstract: A system for configuring a flowpath in a compressor. The flowpath is configured to direct working fluid from an impeller inside of a volute casing member to a nozzle member on the compressor. In one embodiment, the system can include a first member and a second member, each being removebly replaceable from the volute casing member of the compressor. In use, changes in one or both of the first member and the second member define geometry for the flowpath to match the frame size of the impeller with the flow parameters of flow that exits the compressor.

Abstract: A threaded shaft extends from a base which has an inner and outer surface. A disc with an inner and outer surface is comprised of a resilient and slip-resistant material, such as emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (E-SBR). The disc has a non-threaded opening which is slidably received by the threaded shaft, allowing the disc to slide toward or away from the base inner surface. A washer has a non-threaded opening that allows it to be slidably received by the threaded shaft, allowing the washer to move with the disc outer surface. A fastener, with a threaded opening, mates with the threaded shaft and reversibly tightens the disc toward the base inner surface. A section of tarp or other sheet material can be securely held between the base and the disc.

Abstract: A clamping system that includes a first jaw, a second jaw—the second jaw being pivotally connected to the first jaw—a locking handle pivotally connected to the first and second jaws, an adjustment element, first and second lever arms, and a release lever secured to the locking handle and configured to move the locking handle away from the first jaw.

Abstract: A clamping system that includes a first jaw, a second jaw—the second jaw being pivotally connected to the first jaw—a locking handle pivotally connected to the first and second jaws, an adjustment element, first and second lever arms, and a release lever secured to the locking handle and configured to move the locking handle away from the first jaw.

Abstract: An assembly component is provided that includes a body and a multi-step doghouse. The multi-step doghouse is carried on the body and includes a keyhole opening having multiple pin retaining positions.

Abstract: An embedded connection socket is used for joining two objects. An assembly casing is assembled by the embedded connection socket. The embedded connection socket includes a base portion and an insertion part. The insertion part is inserted in an accommodating recess of the base portion and fixed by a fixing portion that is formed by shaping a plastic portion of the base portion at the opening of the accommodating recess. Therein, the fixing portion can prevent the insertion part from departing from the accommodating recess. The insertion part includes an engagement structure exposed through the accommodating recess. The embedded connection socket joins the two objects by the engagement structure.

Abstract: A connecting device is provided including one or more connecting elements arranged on at least one connectable part. At least one connecting element includes non-self-cutting retaining projections having a curved supporting surface in the form of an arc of a circle in longitudinal section. A groove is provided in one of the connectable parts, the groove having a curved undercut surface in the form of an arc of a circle in longitudinal section and including a base section and two undercut sections which extend away from the base section in a thickness direction. The retaining projections are engageable with the undercut sections of the groove. One or more connecting elements include or are in the form of one or more screw elements, and one or more connecting elements include one or more moveable retaining elements by means of which the parts can be drawn towards and/or pressed against each other.

Abstract: A connecting device is provided including one or more connecting elements arranged on at least one connectable part. At least one connecting element includes non-self-cutting retaining projections having a curved supporting surface in the form of an arc of a circle in longitudinal section. A groove is provided in one of the connectable parts, the groove having a curved undercut surface in the form of an arc of a circle in longitudinal section and including a base section and two undercut sections which extend away from the base section in a thickness direction. The retaining projections are engageable with the undercut sections of the groove. One or more connecting elements include or are in the form of one or more screw elements, and one or more connecting elements include one or more moveable retaining elements by means of which the parts can be drawn towards and/or pressed against each other.

Abstract: A connecting device is provided including a connecting element arranged on a connectible part, which includes non-self-cutting retaining projections having a curved supporting surface in the shape of a circular arc in a longitudinal section that are insertable into a groove provided on another connectible part. The groove has a curved undercut surface in the shape of a circular arc in a longitudinal section, a base segment, and two undercut segments extending away from the base segment in a thickness direction. The retaining projections engage in the undercut segments of the groove, the connecting means guiding the parts in relation to each other. One connecting element includes a guiding groove with a slotted guide and the other connecting element includes a guiding element moveable along the guiding groove in a specified guiding path having varying distances from a contact surface of the part and/or abutment surface of the connecting element.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include extendable structures and methods of forming an extendable structure. In accordance with an embodiment, an extendable structure includes a first chain of interlocking components including a first interlocking component, a second chain of interlocking components including a second interlocking component configured to mate to the bottom surface the first interlocking component, and a third chain of interlocking components including a third interlocking component configured to mate to the bottom surfaces of the first interlocking component and the second interlocking component. The extendable structure may include more than three chains of interlocking components and each chain of interlocking components may comprise three or more interlocking components.

Abstract: The multi-purpose snap-on connection apparatus enables attachment apparatuses, such as wheels, hooks, fastening rings, to be simply assembled and disassembled. The attachment apparatuses are occasionally required for attaching to/removing from an object during the usage of the objects. The snap-on connection apparatus is enabled to be used under heavy loads which do not require tools. The snap-on connection apparatus is attachable and removable by hand and easy to manufacture.

Abstract: A fastening device template for joining mosaic pieces together having two variants that are easy to install by unskilled labor so as to help them achieve professional result. The device can be for assembling individual planks that together make up a floor covering such as solid wood flooring and engineered flooring, or it can be used for tiles. It can also be used to assemble individual parts which, together, create a piece of furniture. In this application, the generic term “mosaic” or “mosaic units” will be used to describe the individual pieces which, as indicated hereinabove, have a multitude of possible uses. Mosaic units can be assembled in all possible XYZ plans: side-to-side, side-to-face, side-to-end, end-to-end, end-to-face. In order to do so, the invention has an elongated clip core. At least one wing member attached to and extending a portion of the length of the clip core, and resilient leg members adapted to be frictionally inserted within a groove of a mosaic piece.

Abstract: A fluid control apparatus having a fixing device is provided. A through hole of a lower level member includes a large diameter portion opening to an upper surface and a small diameter portion continuing from a lower side of the large diameter portion and opening to a lower surface. A fixing member includes a head portion that is to be inserted into the large diameter portion of the through hole of the lower level member, an upper shaft portion to be inserted into the small diameter portion of the through hole of the lower level member, and a lower shaft portion inserted at an upper end portion into a through hole of a supporting member. The lower shaft portion is provided with an engaging projection that engages a lower opening edge of the through hole of the supporting member and prevents the fixing member from dropping off the supporting member.

Abstract: A permanent faster is disclosed that utilizes an amorphous metal alloy for a retaining collar that is thermoplastically formed on install. The fastener includes a headed pin with locking grooves disposed thereon and a collar having a cylindrical inner wall. Head geometry may be any suitable shape; countersunk, counter bore, flat, etc., and may also be non-rotationally symmetric. The pin is disposed into aligned holes through the work pieces to be secured, and the collar is disposed about the pin over the locking grooves. The collar is heated into a thermoplastic region, something only allowed because of the amorphous metal material properties. The cylindrical wall of the collar is then radically compressed into the locking grooves to affix the collar on the pin. The amorphous metal properties allow use of a smaller fastener, and the thermoplastic region is reached at a temperature which does not damage composite work pieces.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for installing a keylock insert into a tapped hole of a structure is disclosed. The keylock insert having a first end, a second end, internal threads, external threads, and a plurality of pins extending away from the first surface along an axis of the keylock insert. The method comprises positioning the second end of the keylock insert parallel to a mounting surface of the structure and the avis of the keylock insert being oriented along an axis of the tapped hole. The method further comprises fastening the keylock insert into the tapped hole, such that threads of the tapped hole being mated with the external threads of the keylock insert, and securing the key lock insert within the tapped hole by a fastening system, the fastening system deforming and compressing the plurality pins of the keylock insert between the tapped hole and the external threads of the keylock insert.

Abstract: An interlocking interface retains a screw head in a socket to prevent migration of the screw head out of the socket, or to lock the screw head in the socket. The interlocking interface may retain or lock the screw at various polyaxial angles with respect to the socket. The screw head includes external corrugations. The socket includes an internal corrugated structure which interlocks with the external corrugations of the screw head when the screw is at various polyaxial angles with respect to the socket. A counterbore may be adjacent either or both ends of the socket.

Abstract: A self-locking nut includes a main-nut body and a deformable-nut body. The main-nut body has a recess leading into an interior threaded bore forming x turns of an internal thread therein. The deformable-nut body has an outer flange and an interior threaded bore forming y turns of an internal thread therein. The outer flange of the deformable-nut body is fixed to the main-nut body such that a relief space is formed between the deformable-nut body and the recess. A ratio of x:y is about 2:1.

Abstract: Provided is a sliding bearing that has a bearing inner peripheral surface covered by a resin overlay layer configured from a binder resin and a solid lubricant and/or hard substance, reduces the running-in time during an operation start, and can obtain the effect of increasing wear resistance and the effect of reducing friction. In the sliding bearing, halved members resulting from halving a cylinder parallel to the axial direction are disposed at the top and bottom, the inner peripheral surfaces of the top and bottom halved members are covered by a resin overlay layer configured from a binder resin and a solid lubricant and/or hard substance, and a fine groove is provided to an axial-direction end of the bottom halved member in the peripheral direction from the mating surface at the downstream side in the rotational direction to a predetermined bearing angle.

Abstract: A kinematic pair (10), e.g. a ball and socket joint, with at least a housing element (30) and an engagement element (20) where the engagement element (20) is arranged at least partly within the housing element (30) and configured to achieve a rotational and/or sliding movement relative the housing element (30). The housing element (30) is designed with at least one first carbon fiber composite material layer surrounding at least a part of the engagement element, a carbon fiber composite material wrapping arranged around at least a part of the first layer, and at least one second carbon fiber composite material layer arranged on the outside of the wrapping.

Abstract: The invention provides a Swivel apparatus for affixing paint roller handles with a paint roller extension pole, for maneuvering around hard to reach areas of a ceiling, wall or floor. This apparatus provides the operator with ease in convenience as it relates to maneuvering and mobility. The attachment consists of a tubular member, a cup-socket formation, an hexagonal shaped tightening nut which will allow the apparatus to be easily changed in order to reach those difficult spots and smallest corners. The Swivel can be adjusted or adapted to all size rollers in order to finish all surfaces. The apparatus will have a pressure locking screw mechanism to affix the joint at any degree angle which may be needed. Each end of the Swivel joint will have standard male and female ends to allow a paint roller and a paint roller extension pole to be affixed easily.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic plain bearing includes a bearing shell having an inner surface which forms a bearing surface for a rotating shaft or the like. The bearing surface has a plurality of surface segments separated from each other and disposed successively in the circumferential direction of the bearing shell. At least the bearing surface or the entire bearing shell is made from CuCr1Zr.

Abstract: A plain bearing which may have superior operational characteristics, such as the ability to work in high temperature environments with aluminum housings, or which may have the ability to support an axial load, or which may have an outer ring formed entirely of polymer or lubricant impregnated polymer, and/or components thereof.

Abstract: A bearing assembly for a rotating shaft, with brush rings on both sides of the bearing mechanism for damping bearing motion. In a foil gas bearing embodiment, the bearing itself comprises a hollow sleeve, a compliant layer, and a top foil layer. These bearing elements are arranged in a conventional manner except that the top foil layer extends beyond the sleeve. A sleeve extension extends over the extended portion of the top foil layer. Two opposing brush rings, an inner brush ring and an outer brush ring, are attached to the top foil layer extension and the sleeve extension, respectively. The bristles of an inner brush ring and the bristles of an outer brush ring are interposed and provide damping during operation of the bearing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a machine tool (10) for the machining, and preferably stock removal, of a workpiece by means of a tool, comprising at least one translational movement device (18) which displaces the tool and workpiece relative to one another along a movement axis (X), said movement device (18) comprising a base structure (22), a movement part (20) that can be moved along the movement axis relative to the base structure (22), a linear guide device (24) that extends along the movement axis (X) and guides the movement of the movement part (20), and a movement drive that drives the movement of said movement part (20). The linear guide device (24) and the movement drive are covered, so as to protect them from external influences such as chipping accumulation and/or lubricant and/or coolant sprays, by a cover (34) which is designed to be separate from the movement part (20).

Abstract: A hydrodynamic plain bearing has a bearing shell with an inner surface forming a bearing surface for a rotating shaft or the like. The bearing surface, in order to form a bearing having a multi-wedge bore, has a plurality of surface segments arranged one after the other in the circumferential direction and each forming a circle segment having a radius R by way of the inner circumference of the surface segments. The center point of the circle segment of each surface segment is shifted relative to a center point of the bearing shell by an eccentricity. The bearing shell has two halves, each extending over 180° of the bearing surface and joined in a joint plane. At least one surface segment is offset from the center point of the bearing shell along an offset plane at an angle to the joint plane in the circumferential direction of the bearing shell.

Abstract: A slide bearing, in which halved members, made by dividing a cylinder parallel to the axial direction are disposed vertically, includes a groove circumferentially provided at the axial end of a lower halved member and a recess provided on an axially outer periphery of the groove, where a circumferential length of the recess is formed to be shorter than a length of the groove. The recess is formed such that its upstream end in the axial rotation direction aligns with an upstream end in the rotation direction of the groove. The recess is formed such that its downstream end in the rotation direction is located upstream relative to the circumferential center of the groove.

Abstract: There is provided a slide bearing capable of preventing or reducing a temperature increase in lubricant. A cylindrical main bearing is formed by combining a pair of upper bearing and lower bearing and rotatably supports a crank journal. The lower bearing includes a downstream crush relief formed at a downstream end in the rotation direction of the crank journal in an inner periphery of the lower bearing; and an oil groove formed in the inner periphery of the lower bearing so as to communicate with the downstream crush relief.

Abstract: Provided is a sliding member comprising: a steel back metal layer; and a sliding layer including a porous sintered layer and a resin composition. The porous sintered layer includes Fe or Fe alloy granules and a Ni—P alloy part functioning as a binder for binding the Fe or Fe alloy granules with one another and/or for binding the Fe or Fe alloy granules with the steel back metal layer. The steel back metal layer is made of a carbon steel including 0.05 to 0.3 mass % of carbon, and includes: a non-austenite-containing portion having a structure of a ferrite phase and perlite formed in a central portion in a thickness direction of the steel back metal layer; and an austenite-containing portion having a structure of a ferrite phase, perlite and an austenite phase formed in a surface portion of the steel back metal layer facing the sliding layer.

Abstract: A cage for a rolling bearing formed from two axial halves and a rolling bearing cage assembly including a cage formed from two axial halves, include passages formed through the web separating adjacent rolling element pockets when the two halves are in an abutting relationship. A rigid element is inserted in at least one passage with radial ends extending into the adjacent rolling element pockets.

Abstract: A cage for a rolling bearing formed from two axial halves and a rolling bearing cage assembly including a cage formed from two axial halves, include passages formed through the web separating adjacent rolling element pockets when the two halves are in an abutting relationship. A resilient element is inserted in at least one passage with axial ends extending into the adjacent rolling element pockets.

Abstract: Disclosed is an axial-radial rolling bearing having an inner ring, an outer ring disposed around the inner ring, and a plurality of rolling bodies in the form of rollers arranged into at least one row disposed between and separating the inner ring and the outer ring. The rolling bearing further includes at least one rolling bearing cage disposed around at least part of the rollers and configured to maintain a predetermined spacing of each of the rollers from each adjacent roller in the at least one row, wherein the rolling bearing cage comprises a plastic coated main body that is at least one of ring-shaped or segmented. The main body has openings for receiving the respective rolling elements.

Abstract: A thrust roller bearing cage (11) is a cage (11) provided to a thrust roller bearing and having a plurality of pockets (21) that house needle rollers (13). The cage (11) includes projections (44) that are formed by bending a radially outer area of the cage (11) inwardly along the radius and that project inwardly along the radius toward a radially outer area of the pockets (21) to make contact with end faces (16) of the rollers (13). The projections (44) have corners (45) that make contact with the end faces (16) of the rollers (13). The corners (45) are press-flattened.

Abstract: A rolling bearing device is a combination of a rolling bearing and an oil supply unit which includes at least: a lubrication oil tank having a lubrication oil discharge port. The oil supply unit is in a housing space inside a spacer adjacent to the rolling bearing, and the housing space is between an inner ring and an outer ring. The housing space for the lubrication oil tank has a width approximately equal to an axial width of the spacer and a circumferential length within a range of a center angle ? in an axial view of the spacer; and the lubrication oil tank housed in the housing space is provided by a bag which has a width approximately equal to an axial width of the housing space and a length approximately equal to A×?×(?/360), where A represents a center diameter of the spacer.

Abstract: A retainer system for retaining a member in an opening comprises a retainer comprising a sleeve having an outer dimension toleranced to fit within the opening, inwardly of the mouth thereof. At least one deflectable retaining nub is formed on the sleeve and extends radially inwardly between a first edge and a second edge, wherein the retainer is configured to allow passage of the member therethrough as the retaining nub deflects radially outwardly towards the inner wall of the opening and, wherein the deflectable retaining nub returns to its radially inwardly extending position when the member has cleared the retaining nub, locking the member in position in the opening.

Abstract: A drive shaft connection assembly includes a first coupler having a top end and a bottom end. The top end has an upper well for releasably engaging a drive shaft. A second coupler has an upper end and a lower end. A post is attached to and extends upwardly from the upper end. An auger connector is attached to and extends downwardly from the lower end. The bottom end has a lower well extending upwardly therein to removably receive the post. The post is rotatable with respect to the first coupler to selectively engage or disengage the first coupler. A sleeve is slidably mounted on the perimeter wall and is removably slidable over the first and second couplers prevent their movement with respect to each other.

Abstract: A drive shaft assembly includes a drive shaft that includes a first cylindrical end having a first diameter, a cylindrical portion having a second diameter, and a second cylindrical end having the first diameter. A first distal end of the drive shaft includes a first distal spherical indentation. A first adapter cap includes a first tapered inner aperture and a first seal disposed within a first groove formed in a circumference of the first tapered inner aperture. The first tapered inner aperture is configured to receive the first cylindrical end of the drive shaft and the first seal forms a seal with the cylindrical portion of the drive shaft having the second diameter. A first adapter includes a first distal spherical indentation. A first distal spherical ball is removably attached to the first distal spherical indentation.

Abstract: A Streamlined Transmission assembly is used to convert eccentric rotation created by the power section into concentric rotation to be received by a bearing assembly in order to drive the rotation of a drill bit attached to a drilling assembly section of a downhole tool. The Streamlined Transmission assembly can be configured with a joint that can alter the angle of the bottom hole assembly by the use of a bent housing section while maintaining the capability to transfer large torque loads. The joint of the bent housing section of the assembly is configured to decrease deterioration of a lower seal boot and wash in the lower joint by reducing the volume of turbulent flow adjacent to each structure.

Abstract: A system includes a rotational coupling including a first rotational joint, a second rotational joint, and a coupling body disposed between the first and second rotational joints. The coupling body includes first and second body portions disposed about a rotational axis, and a layered portion disposed about the rotational axis radially between the first and second body portions. The layered portion includes first and second elastomeric portions disposed about the rotational axis, and a rigid portion disposed about the rotational axis radially between the first and second elastomeric portions. The rigid portion includes a plurality of radial protrusions.

Abstract: A vehicle power transmission system includes a clutch having a friction plate, a clutch plate, and a pressure plate for elastically pressing the friction plate or the clutch plate by a pressure elastic body, a clutch actuator that applies a clutch OFF pressing force to the pressure plate, and a control device. When causing the clutch to shift to a clutch ON state, the control device controls operation of the clutch actuator to make the clutch OFF pressing force less than an elastic force of the pressure elastic body and apply an anti-assist force to the pressure plate.

Abstract: A clutch carrier includes a stamped carrier and a hub portion. The stamped carrier has a first circumferential wall, a second circumferential wall axially and radially offset from the first circumferential wall, and a first radial wall extending radially inward from the second circumferential wall. The hub portion has a third circumferential wall extending from the first radial wall, a fourth circumferential wall axially and radially offset from the third circumferential wall, and a second radial wall connecting the third and fourth circumferential walls. In some example embodiments, the first circumferential wall includes a plurality of axially extending fingers for driving engagement with a clutch plate. In an example embodiment, each of the plurality of axially extending fingers includes a groove for receiving a retaining ring.

Abstract: A vehicle driveline having a torque transfer device and a fluid circuit for operating the torque transfer device. The fluid circuit has a motor, a pump driven by the motor, an actuator, and a pair of valves. The valves are arranged in the fluid circuit to control fluid circulation within the fluid circuit and can be operated such that fluid pressure in the actuator can be maintained (i.e., to maintain engagement of the torque transfer device) without operating the pump.

Abstract: The electromagnetic frictional engagement apparatus includes a housing member in which a housing space is formed, a clutch portion that couples the housing member in a disengageable manner to a shaft disposed so as to be rotatable relative to the housing member, and an electromagnetic coil that generates a magnetic force that actuates the clutch portion. The clutch portion has an outer clutch plate and an inner clutch plate that forms a magnetic path for a magnetic flux generated by the electromagnetic coil. Lubrication grooves through which a lubricant flows are formed in the inner clutch plate. Among the lubrication grooves, the total of groove areas of a portion of the lubrication grooves that is included in the magnetic path is 90 to 110% of a maximum lubrication groove area, so that magnetic flux density resulting from saturation of the magnetic path with magnetic fluxes is not reduced.

Abstract: A magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatus comprises an input rotor adapted to be coupled to a power input, the input rotor having a first set of at least one input shear surface, and a second set of at least one output shear surface. An output rotor is rotatably mounted about the input rotor for rotating about a common axis with the input rotor, the output rotor having a first set of at least one output shear surface, and a second set of at least one output shear surface, the first sets of the input rotor and the output rotor separated by at least a first annular space and forming a first transmission set, the second sets of the input rotor and the output rotor separated by at least a second annular space and forming a second transmission set. Magnetorheological fluid is in each of the annular spaces, the MR fluid configured to generate a variable amount of torque transmission between the sets of input rotor and output rotor when subjected to a magnetic field.

Abstract: A brake pad 10 can brake a disc 200, and includes a friction material 12 provided on the side of the disc 200 and a back plate 11 bonded on the side of the friction material 12 opposite from the disc 200. The back plate 11 has a contact portion 111 making contact with a piston 30 and an edge portion, and a thickness of the contact portion 111 is substantially constant and larger than a thickness of the edge portion. It is preferred that the back plate 11 has a gradual decrease portion 112 whose thickness gradually decreases from the contact portion 111 toward the edge portion. This makes it possible to provide the brake pad capable of sufficiently and uniformly transmitting a pressing force of the piston to the disc through the whole surface of the friction material, and a caliper device provided with the brake pad.