Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to an oxygen conducting bismuth perovskite material, a method of conducting oxygen through the material, and a method of making the material. The oxygen conducting bismuth perovskite material can include two components selected from the group consisting of NBT, KBT, BZT, BMT, and BNiT. The material can also have a sufficient degree of non-stoichiometry to provide oxygen vacancies to conduct oxide ions.

Abstract: The porous plate-shaped filler aggregate includes a plurality of the porous plate-shaped fillers. The porous plate-shaped fillers have a uniform plate shape with an aspect ratio of 3 or more, a minimum length of 0.1 to 50 ?m, a porosity of 20 to 99%, and the deviation of the maximum length among a plurality of the porous plate-shaped fillers, which is obtained by the following formula, is 10% or less. Deviation of the maximum length (%)=standard deviation of the maximum length/average value of the maximum length×100 (Here, ‘maximum length’ is the longest length when the porous plate-shaped fillers are held between a pair of parallel planes.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar, a carbon partial pressure above the carbon partial pressure of the zirconium carbide and zirconium oxide phase transition at the same temperature, and at temperatures below the temperature of the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar; and ii) when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar and at temperatures above the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ceramic material for capacitors. In order to achieve reduced self-heating on assembly of the material into multilayer capacitors with antiferroelectric properties and a high dielectric constant, a ceramic material of formula [Pb(1-r)(BaxSryCaz)r](1-15a-1.5b-0.5c)(XaYb)Ac(Zr1-dTid)O3 is proposed, where X and Y both represent a rare metal earth selected from the group consisting of La, Nd, Y, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and/or Yb; where A represents a monovalent ion; x+y+z=1; x and/or y and/or z>0; 0<r<0.3; 0<d<1; 0<a<0.2; 0<b<0.2; 0<c<0.2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polycrystalline diamond compact. A method for manufacturing a polycrystalline diamond compact includes: preparing primary sintering by mixing and assembling first diamond particles and metal binder particles; sintering the mixed and assembled particles; leaching the upper surface of the sintered polycrystalline diamond compact; preparing secondary sintering by mixing second diamond particles and the metal binder particles and assembling the mixed particles on the upper surface of the primarily sintered polycrystalline diamond compact; sintering the sintered polycrystalline diamond compact and the mixed particles of the upper part; and a grinding step of grinding the reassembled second diamond particles and metal binder particles so as to remove the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method for a truly spherical ceramic ball by means of a rotational method. More specifically, a method is disclosed which uses seeds to facilitate formation of ceramic balls into a spherical shape and repeats heating and cooling or grades ceramic balls according to size to form ceramic balls having a similar size during the formation process, thereby increasing strength of the ceramic balls while ensuring excellent particle size distribution.

Abstract: An aerated composite material produced from carbonatable calcium silicate compositions (carbonation cured AAC) that has a compressive strength equivalent to autoclaved aerated concrete (ordinary AAC) at substantially the same density and a process of production of the same are provided. The composite material of the present invention comprises: a plurality of bonding elements, each including a core comprising calcium silicate, a first layer which partially or fully surrounds the core and is rich in SiO2, and a second layer which partially or fully surrounds the first layer and is rich in CaCO3; a plurality of filler particles having their particle sizes ranging from 0.1 ?m to 1000 ?m; and a plurality of voids; wherein the plurality of bonding elements and plurality of filler particles together form a bonding matrix and are substantially evenly dispersed in the matrix and bonded together, the plurality of voids are bubble-shaped and/or interconnected channels, a pore volume with a radius of 0.004 ?m to 10.

Abstract: Provided is a method for suppressing rear face oxidation and a lining structure, with which high airtightness and a great effect of suppressing rear face oxidation are obtained. The method for suppressing rear face oxidation of a carbon-containing refractory includes forming an adherent layer on a rear face of a carbon-containing refractory by applying an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution to the rear face and solidifying the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution. The alkali metal silicate aqueous solution contains an alkali metal oxide R2O (R is an alkali metal element) and SiO2 and has a molar ratio of SiO2 to the alkali metal oxide of 2.3 or more. The carbon-containing refractory is used at a high temperature of 400° C. or more and contains 1 mass % or more of carbon or a carbon compound.

Abstract: A method for producing potassium-based fertilisers, comprising using potassium acid sulfate as the potassium source, and using sonication in reactions with magnesium silicate or apatite at low temperature, with near quantitative yield, to yield in times of the order of minutes the corresponding potassium magnesium sulfate or potassium di-hydrogen phosphate respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are aquafeed, animal feed and fertilizer compositions comprising microalgae enriched with minerals and a method of enriching microalgae with minerals in non-metabolized form. Specifically, the method includes the creation of an enriched microalgae product through the assimilation, reversible chelation, and absorption of supplemental minerals required in the diet of adult fish and other aquatic animals which minimizes leaching of the supplemental minerals before ingestion by the fish. Additionally, the enriched microalgae product can be used as both a direct feed or fertilizer, or as part of an aquafeed, non-aquatic animal feed, or plant fertilizer mixture. The combination and proportion of the minerals can be adjusted to the animal or plant receiving the mineral enriched algae composition.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is a fertilizer capsule comprising one or more cores, wherein each of the one or more cores independently comprises one or more fertilizer additives and a binder, and wherein each of the one or more cores comprises from 10 wt % to 99 wt % of the binder Also in accordance with the present invention, disclosed here is a method of producing a fertilizer core via an extrusion process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrophobic coating material that includes a wax-based material and a polyethylene- or polypropylene-based polymer material. Also disclosed is a coated fertilizer composition that includes a fertilizer granule and the hydrophobic coating material coated on the fertilizer granule. Further disclosed is a method of manufacturing a coated fertilizer composition that includes the steps of providing a fertilizer granule and coating the fertilizer granule with the hydrophobic coating material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for treating a solid fertilizer. The method comprises contacting the solid fertilizer with an amount of a liquid composition effective for reducing clumping in the fertilizer caused by absorption of water. The liquid composition may comprise one or more organic solvents and/or petroleum distillates. The organic solvents may be selected from the group consisting of glycol, dialkylcarbonate, C1-C4 alcohol, vegetable oil, esters of hydroxyacids, heterocyclic alcohols, cyclic esters of carbonic acid, and esters of dicarboxyacids.

Abstract: A method and integrated reactor system are provided for producing one or more organic acids, organic acid degradation compounds, and combinations thereof, from various types of biomass, including sludge from a pulp and paper mill.

Abstract: A method for producing a linear hydrocarbon, including reacting a linear aliphatic aldehyde in the presence of at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of a vanadium ion, a manganese ion, an iron ion, a cobalt ion, an iridium ion, a copper ion, and a thallium ion.

Abstract: Provided are a catalyst whereby isobutylene can be produced at high yield in a lower-temperature environment, and a method for producing isobutylene using the catalyst. The catalyst for producing isobutylene is an oxide including at least one element selected from molybdenum and tungsten, and at least one element selected from tantalum, niobium, and titanium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparation of lycopenes, especially to lycopenes with high all-E contents or high 6Z contents from C15-Wittig slats mixtures.(with high all-E-contents and high 6Z-contents, respectively). C15-Wittig slats mixtures are purified and 6Z-C15-Wittig salts are extracted from the mixtures. The extracted 6Z-C15-Wittig salts are,used in the synthesis of lycopenes with high 6Z contents and the residues are used in the synthesis of lycopenes with high All-E contents.

Abstract: Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention discloses a continuous process for producing high-pure quadricyclane, in which “a reaction-rectification integral process” or “a reaction followed by rectification process” may be employed. The two processes both use a novel composite catalyst which is obtained by loading an organic photo-sensitizer on a solid photocatalyst, and the composite catalyst has a high activity and a good stability. In the reaction-rectification integral process, the composite catalyst is used by being blended with rectification fillers or covering the rectification fillers, so as to achieve the integration of the reaction and the rectification. In the reaction followed by rectification process, the composite catalyst and the rectification fillers are placed separately from each other. The two processes achieve a relatively short residence time of reactants, produce highly-pure quadricyclane, and reduce the formation of cokes.

Abstract: Mixed pentenes may be converted to propylene by feeding an alcohol, linear pentenes, and isopentenes to an etherification reactor. The alcohol and isopentenes may be reacted in the etherification reactor to convert isopentenes to tertiary amyl alkyl ether, which may be separated from the linear pentenes, recovered as a linear pentene fraction. The tertiary amyl alkyl ether may be fed to a decomposition reactor to convert at least a portion of the tertiary amyl alkyl ether to alcohol and isopentenes. The alcohol and isopentenes may then be separated to recover an isopentene fraction and an alcohol fraction. The isopentene fraction is then fed to a skeletal isomerization reactor to convert at least a portion of the isopentenes to linear pentenes, the effluent from which may be recycled to the etherification reactor. Ethylene and the linear pentene fraction may then be to a metathesis reactor to produce propylene.

Abstract: A process for recovering butadiene from a C4 fraction is disclosed. The process may include: contacting a mixed C4 stream comprising butane, butene, and butadiene, with a solvent comprising an organic solvent and water in a butadiene pre-absorber column to recover an overheads fraction comprising at least a portion of the butane, butene, and water, and a first bottoms fraction comprising the organic solvent, butadiene, and at least a portion of the butene; and feeding the first bottoms fraction to a butadiene extraction unit to recover a butene fraction, a crude butadiene fraction, and a solvent fraction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane which comprises contacting chlorine with 3,3,3-trifluoropropene in the presence of a catalyst to form 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one metal halide, where the metal is a metal from Group 13, 14 or 15 of the periodic table or a transition metal or combination thereof.

Abstract: In certain aspects, the present invention relates to methods for increasing the cost efficiency and safety of the hydrogenation of a fluorinated olefin by controlling the reaction conditions and parameters. In further aspects, the hydrogenation reaction is provided in a two stage reaction wherein the reactant amounts, temperature and other parameters are controlled such that the conversion percentage, selectivity, and reaction parameters are all within commercially acceptable levels.

Abstract: A method of producing methanol from shale gas and CO2 by the exclusive dry CO2 fracking of shale rock by injection of gaseous CO2 at a pressure between 10 and 100 atm to extract shale gas and recover it together with used CO2; combining and admixing produced shale gas containing CO2 and steam to produce a mixture of methane:carbon dioxide:water having a molar ratio of 3:1:2 for conducting the bi-reforming reaction to form a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide having a molar ratio of 2:1 to 2.1:1; and converting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide under conditions sufficient to exclusively form methanol.

Abstract: Disclosed are substituted (4?-hydroxylphenyl)cycloalkane compounds and there use as selective agonists of the estrogen receptor beta isoform (ER?). The disclosed compounds may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions and administered to treat diseases associated with ER activity, such as proliferative diseases and disorders and/or psychiatric diseases or disorders.

Abstract: Process for preparing 2,2?-dihydroxy-3,3?-di-tert-butyl-5,5?-dimethoxy-1,1?-biphenol.

Abstract: Method for coupling a phenol and an arene using selenium dioxide, and also novel phenol-arene derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for the production of dialkyl ether wherein a C1-C3 alcohol is fed into a distillation column (2) comprising a reboiler (5) at its bottom, a condenser (4) at its top, a feed inlet (11) at a level between the reboiler and the condenser, and a stack of stages (6) in the column's interior, including stages (8) carrying a bed of catalytic material, the stages comprising sluices (19) which are simultaneously moved between a vapour flow position, allowing vapour to flow upwards through the catalytic beds during a vapour flow period, and a liquid flow position, allowing fluid to flow from an upper stage to a lower stage during a liquid flow period.

Abstract: A process for the direct oxidation of methane to C1-oxygenates (formaldehyde and methanol) has been developed. The process involves a gas stream, comprising methane, an oxidizing agent (such as air, or oxygen blended with an inert diluent), and a nitrogen oxide as a gas phase sensitizer at oxidation conditions to produce C1-oxygenates, such as formaldehyde and methanol. A certain proportion of nitrogen oxide, which acts as a radical initiator, in the stream is crucial to achieve a high yield of formaldehyde and methanol. In addition, the temperature plays an important role in the conversion of methane and in the selectivity to C1-oxygenates.

Abstract: A production method of ?,?-difluoroacetaldehyde according to the present invention includes reaction of an ?,?-difluoroacetic acid ester with hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst. It is possible to selectively obtain ?,?-difluoroacetaldehyde as a partially reduced product of the hydrogenation reaction by the adoption of specific reaction conditions (in particular, reaction solvent and reaction temperature). This hydrogenation process can be alternative to the industrially unpractical hydride reduction process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a specific organic compound as flavor and fragrance material. Furthermore the invention relates to flavor and fragrance formulations comprising such a specific organic compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bioactive compound according to general formula (I); to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the compound(s); and to the use of the compound(s) as an antibiotic, cytotoxic and/or anti—proliferative agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for obtaining a microbial oil comprising one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from one or more microbial cells by lysing the cells to form a lysed cell composition and then recovering the oil from the lysed cell composition. Further disclosed is microbial oil comprising one or more PUFAs that is recovered from microbial cells by at least one process described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds which are capable of attenuating skin irritation when they are applied to the skin. Skin irritation can be caused, inter alia, by ingredients of cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions and/or environmental irritants. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds having the property of antagonizing the activation of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel and the use of said compounds as soothing agents. Such compounds can be used in many fields, particularly in personal-care products, cosmetics, textile and packaging products, pharmaceutical compositions, medical devices, and foodstuffs. The present invention further relates to products and/or pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds. The present invention also relates to the use of the compounds described herein for the modulation of the taste of a food product.

Abstract: Provided herein are processes of preparing sulfonated estolide compounds, and the removal of sulfonate residues from those compounds to provide desulfonated estolide base oils. Exemplary sulfonated estolide compounds include those selected from the formula: wherein z is an integer selected from 0 to 15; q is an integer selected from 0 to 15; x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20; y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected 0 to 20; n is equal to or greater than 0; R6 is selected from —OH, optionally substituted alkyl, and optionally substituted aryl; and R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said compounds is independently optionally substituted.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polyglycerol esters with a particular oligomer distribution of the polyglycerol present, and to their use in particular in cosmetic formulations as, for example, emulsifier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds and their use as fragrance materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising: a) at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amine and b) at least one agent which masks the odour of said at least one amine, said at least one odour-masking agent comprising at least one ether (b1), optionally, but preferably, at least one terpene and/or one terpenoid (b2) and optionally, but preferably, at least one oxime (b3). The invention also relates to the use of an odour-masking agent in order to mask the odour of at least one amine.

Abstract: A catalyst composition including the compound of Formula I as an internal electron donor, wherein: R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, straight, branched and cyclic alkyl and aromatic substituted and unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R7 is selected from a group consisting of straight, branched and cyclic alkyl and aromatic substituted and unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R8 is selected from a group consisting of aromatic substituted and unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Also disclosed is a process for preparing said polymerization catalyst composition; a polymerization catalyst system comprising said catalyst composition, a co-catalyst and optionally an external electron donor; a polyolefin obtainable by the process; and use of the compound of Formula I as in internal electron donor in catalysts for polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: The invention relates to Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivatives; compositions comprising an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative; and methods for treating or preventing cancer, a metabolic disorder or neurodegenerative disorder comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a mixed solution, comprising a mixing vessel for preparing an aqueous mixed solution containing a dicarboxylic acid and an Nb compound and a filter for the aqueous mixed solution connected to the mixing vessel via a pipe, the mixing vessel being anticorrosive and equipped with a stirring unit, a heating unit and a cooling unit for the aqueous mixed solution, wherein the aqueous mixed solution prepared in the mixing vessel is fed to the filter via the pipe and filtered in the filter under increased pressure.

Abstract: Catalytic compositions are provided that are effective for providing increased acrylonitrile product without a significant decrease in hydrogen cyanide and/or acetonitrile production and provide an overall increase in production of acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile. The catalytic compositions include a complex of metal oxides and include at least about 15% m-phase plus t-phase by weight and have a weight ratio of m-phase to m-phase plus t-phase of 0.45 or greater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for linking tetrazines with dienophiles to establish at least two linkages by sequentially performing at least two cycloaddition reactions. The methods in particular allow establishing multi-labeling strategies. In particular, the invention relates to methods for forming linkages by cycloaddition reactions, wherein the method comprises reacting a first alkyl-substituted tetrazine with a first dienophile comprising a irans-cyclooctenyl group followed by reacting a second tetrazine with a second dienophile comprising a cyclooctynyl group, wherein the reaction of the first tetrazine with the first dienophile proceeds in the presence of the second dienophile.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the general formula I and II (as further defined herein) are useful in the production of inhibitors of sphingolipid synthesis the production of sphingolipids. Suitable sphingolipids, include, but not limited to, sphingosine and compounds incorporating sphingosine or that may use sphingosine as an intermediate or a starting material in their synthesis (including, but not limited to, sphingosine-1-P, ceramide, gangliosides and sphigomyelin). In one contemplated use, compounds of the general formula I and II are useful in the production of sphingosine. In another contemplated use, compounds of the general formula I and II are useful in the production of a sphingofugin. Methods of manufacturing each of the above compounds are also provided.

Abstract: Diaminoguanidine derivatives in preparation of animal growth promoters used in feed. The diaminoguanidine derivatives have a structural formula as shown in formula (I), wherein R1 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-propyl, n-pentyl, n-octyl, n-tetradecyl, sec-butyl, 3-pentyl, cyclopentyl or benzyl. The diaminoguanidine compounds significantly improve the productivity of ducks if they are fed with the diaminoguanidine compounds. Productivity of pigs or chickens is also improved with such diaminoguanidine compounds.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing taurine by the ammonolysis of alkali isethionate in the presence of alkali ditaurinate or alkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, to inhibit the formation of byproducts and to continuously convert the byproducts of the ammonolysis reaction to alkali taurinate. The production yield is increased to from 90% to nearly quantitative. The ammonolysis reaction is catalyzed by alkali salts of hydroxide, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, or carbonate.

Abstract: A cyclic process is disclosed for the production of taurine from alkali vinyl sulfonate in a high overall yield by continuously converting the byproducts of the ammonolysis reaction, sodium ditaurinate and sodium tritaurinate, to sodium taurinate. Sodium sulfate and residual taurine in the crystallization mother liquor are efficiently separated by converting taurine into a highly soluble form of sodium taurinate or ammonium taurinate while selectively crystallizing sodium sulfate.

Abstract: The present invention provides sulfur- or selenium-containing compounds comprising hydrophobic moieties and ethoxylated ester or ethoxylated amide moieties such that the compounds have surfactant properties. Also provided are methods for using the disclosed compounds or mixtures thereof in a variety of applications.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing of thioesters by using a compound as a catalyst is disclosed. The compound is represented by formula I below: In formula I, R5 represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; X and Y each independently represents one of H, C1-10 alkyl, C5-10 aryl, C1-10 alkyl alcohol, thiohydroxy, carbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, C1-10 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-10 alkoxycarbamoyl, C1-10 alkylamino, C1-10 alkylsulfonyl, C1-10 haloalkylsulfonyl, ureido, amido, and C1-10 alkoxylcarbamoyl; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

Abstract: Method for coupling two arenes with selenium dioxide to give a selenobiaryl ether, and also novel selenobiaryl ethers.