Abstract: An iron-core producing method is provided that blanks iron cores from an iron strip by guiding the iron strip sequentially through an iron core-producing apparatus having a plurality of workstations. The method includes guiding, by a guide, the iron strip to a first workstation having a punch that intrudes into caulking portion-forming holes, and simultaneously forming, by the first workstation, first plural sets of caulking portions at a predetermined pitch in the iron strip. The method also includes guiding the iron strip from the first workstation to a second workstation within the iron-core producing apparatus, and forming, by the second workstation, a first iron core from the iron strip by blanking, such that tooth portions of the first iron core are disposed at lower sides of respective yoke portions.

Abstract: A method of machining a metal plate, the method processing a net body made of a metal plate into a dome shape, the net body having a plurality of lattice-shaped through holes. An extension allowance portion is formed in a plurality of side portions so as to curve along a surface area direction, the side portions are formed in a process area of the net body being pressed at a time of drawing-machining, and the extension allowance portion is formed when forming the net body having the side portions constituting the through holes by processing the metal plate. The net body is processed into the dome shape by drawing-machining from one side to an other side.

Abstract: A tube expanding drum machine, including a support frame, at least one drum rotatably supported in said frame, rotation means of the drum about its axis, a flexible pipe-expanding shaft wound on the drum and having a first end fixed to the drum, an expanding mandrel or a shaped ogive, connected to the second end of the flexible pipe-expanding shaft, suitable for widening the diameter of a pipe by winding or unwinding the flexible pipe-expanding shaft onto or from the drum inside the pipe itself. The machine includes a lubrication duct of the inner surface of the pipe during the pipe expansion foreseen inside the flexible shaft.

Abstract: A vertical Pittsburgh seam closing apparatus having a base supporting surface for positioning a duct section thereon in a vertical orientation, a track mechanism for moving a pair of carriage assemblies each having seam forming members used to close a Pittsburgh seam, a pair of upper and lower guide members for guiding the duct section into a proper position, and upper and lower clamping members movable between an unclamped position and a clamped position wherein each clamping member is positioned inside the duct section and adjacent the inside portion of the Pittsburgh seam to be closed, the upper guide members and clamping member being selectively movable and adjustable for accommodating different duct section lengths. In one embodiment, each seam forming assembly includes a pair of roller members mounted in vertical arrangement to each other, one roller member being V-shaped in configuration and the other roller member being substantially cylindrical in shape.

Abstract: To provide a work transfer apparatus which can transfer works at high speed with controlling respectively the posture of the right and left of works. The work transfer apparatus includes an arm moving back and forth between machines in order to transfer work(s), a crossbar coupled to the arm, and a pair of right and left work holding devices provided at the left and right sides of the crossbar and tilt drive devices being provided on the arm, respectively controlling the work holding devices to rotate around an axis of a longitudinal direction of the crossbar.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tab for a closure, comprising a tab body having at one side a tab nose for opening the closure, and at the other side a tab lever having a finger opening for activating the tab lever, which finger opening is surrounded by a distal lever part connected by lateral lever legs to the tab body, wherein in the lever legs are formed aligned hinge parts in the form of lateral lever leg parts of reduced bending strength, to a closure and container comprising such tab, and to a process for making such tab.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a Y-shaped muselet for bottles of effervescent drinks, said muselet comprising a cage co-operating with a rim, the cage being formed by a first (1) and a second (2) wire and the muselet by a third wire.

Abstract: The method serves for the production of a wire strip (1) comprising a plurality of wires (2) arranged parallel to each other. For this purpose a metal strip is first pre-notched either on one side or both sides for the formation of the wires (2), whereby wires (2) are generated which are still connected to webs (3). To transform the webs (3) subsequently into thin, easy to separate and, when separated, smooth and burr-free separation webs forming separation areas, the wire strip (1) is subjected to a milling process during which each web (3) is subjected to a multiple bending strain along the longitudinal axis thereof in such a way that incipient cracks form, due to fatigue fracture, in the area of the webs (3), and thereby the separation web is created.

Abstract: A die for roll forming threads on a cylindrical blank includes a planar die body having a longitudinally elongate working face of sufficient length for the blank to make multiple revolutions across the face. A plurality of thread forming elements on the face. The thread forming elements are spaced apart longitudinally of the die working face an ever increasing distance, based on the actual rolling diameter of the blank with the spacing between the thread forming elements at the start end equal to the diameter of the blank and the spacing between the thread forming elements at the finish end equal to eighty-five percent of the final diameter of the thread formed on the blank. The thread forming elements on the working face of the die are equally spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the working face.

Abstract: A forming method of a metal plate includes press-forming the metal plate with a die, and processing the press-formed metal plate by incremental-forming.

Abstract: An air-driven device for feeding lockbolt collars to a presentation position for installation on lockbolts, one at a time, including a hand-held grip with a curved presentation piece on the top end and a flared bottom end with an air input. The grip is designed to receive in an attached relationship a cylindrical collar cartridge with a spiral cartridge passage for holding a large number of collars. An air supply can be connected into an inlet in the flared collar of the grip and this inlet is in communication with an air passage that extends downwardly through the cartridge to a point where it enters into the spiral passage so as to urge collars upwardly through the spiral passage into the grip body and from there to the presentation position.

Abstract: The disclosure relates generally to mold compositions and methods of molding and the articles so molded. More specifically, the disclosure relates to silicon carbide-containing mold compositions, silicon carbide-containing intrinsic facecoat compositions, and methods for casting titanium-containing articles, and the titanium-containing articles so molded.

Abstract: A casting, mold and method for producing a casting are disclosed. The casting may have an area of small thermal mass and an area of large thermal mass. The method includes providing a casting having a work product and an appendage engaged to, and suspended over, the work product between the area of small thermal mass and the area of large thermal mass, and controllably cooling the work product using the appendage.

Abstract: An impact pad for use in tundish of continuous casting steel during pouring out of molten steel (6) from the casting ladle into the tundish. The impact pad (1) has side walls (2) provided with barriers (3) distributed spaced apart and staggered in height and in length in the whole extension of the walls (2) or part thereof, the impact pad (1) still comprises an impact bottom (5) provided with corrugations (4) uniformly distributed and staggered in its entirety or part thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is a rotary head tool that is a self-propelled rotary tool (SPRT) operable for round cutting involving hard turning. The rotary head tool comprises generally a toolholder, a tool that is removably or fixedly connectable to the toolholder, and an insert that that incorporates a cutting edge finable into the tool. The toolholder is formed to hold the tool with the insert therein at a particular angle. Elements of the rotary head tool of the present invention, such as the insert, may be “off the shelf elements and consequently the present invention may be produced at a low cost. Embodiments of the present invention are designed so that the rotary head tool provides economical benefits and affordability for the user and to provide performance benefits of SPRTs.

Abstract: A clamp assembly to secure a cutting insert to a holder that includes a clamp that has a distal end and a clamp projection depending from the distal end of the clamp. There is a coolant plate that has a top plate surface and a bottom plate surface wherein the top plate surface contains a recess that receives the clamp projection upon assembly of the clamp and the coolant plate. The bottom plate surface contains a bowl having an open bowl end wherein in operation the bowl directs coolant through the open bowl end toward the cutting insert. The assembly has a positioner extending between the clamp and the coolant plate so as to maintain a position of the clamp relative to the coolant plate upon the assembly of the clamp and the coolant plate.

Abstract: A double-sided, indexable, polygonal turning insert includes a plurality of corners, a peripheral clearance surface, and identical upper and under sides. Along the upper side and underside, primary cutting edges, which individually include a nose edge situated in a corner and two main edges, converge toward the same and transform into auxiliary cutting edges, which separate each pair of primary cutting edges along one and the same side. Chip-directing guide surfaces are placed inside the chip surfaces of the cutting edges. The primary cutting edge has a generally positive cutting geometry such that a wedge angle of the cutting edge between the chip surface and the clearance surface is acute in arbitrary sections along the nose edge, as well as along the two main edges. In such a way, the primary cutting edge produces chips that can be guided in a careful, although distinct, way by the guide surfaces.

Abstract: A collet adapter operates a draw-type collet in an axially stationary mode in a machine spindle that would otherwise operate with a stationary collet. The machine spindle has an axially stationary outer portion including a cap nut and an axially movable sleeve inside the axially stationary portion. The collet adapter includes an adapter body and a restraining apparatus. The adapter body has an outside surface that fits into the axially movable sleeve such that adapter body moves axially with the axially movable sleeve. The adapter body has an inside surface that receives the draw-type collet in sliding engagement. The restraining apparatus is configured to transmit an axial force from the stationary cap nut to a rearward portion of the draw-type collet to restrain axial motion of the draw-type collet.

Abstract: A drill including: a chip discharge flute; and a cutting edge, the cutting edge being made up of a concavely-curved cutting edge portion formed on an inner circumferential side and a convexly-curved cutting edge portion formed on an outer circumferential side, the drill further including a cross section orthogonal to an axial center having a first convex curve corresponding to the convexly-curved cutting edge portion and a first concave curve corresponding to the concavely-curved cutting edge portion intersecting with each other, a flank following the cutting edge on the tip surface having an orthogonal clearance angle ? formed within an angular range of 9 to 20 degrees, and a ridgeline of the cutting edge having a chamfer formed with a width CW within a range of 0.002D to 0.02D (where D is a drill diameter).

Abstract: A jig device holding a work piece is used with a milling machine that cuts from the work piece a prosthesis having a surface essentially free of defects. The jig device is inserted repeatedly into the machine in the same predetermined location, even upon inverting the jig device. This maintains the spatial relationship between the jig device and milling so, at start up, they are always in the same exact spatial relationship. The milling machine partially cuts through a first side of the work piece to form in the work piece a cavity having a surface part corresponding to at least a portion of the prosthesis being made. The jig device is then removed from the machine, inverted and reinserted into the machine at the same predetermined location. A support material is placed in the cavity prior to reinserting the jig device. Upon reinserting the jig device, the machine precisely cuts through an opposed side of the work piece to form within the work piece a prosthesis having a surface essentially free of defects.

Abstract: Intersecting ridge lines of the top surface (2) and side surfaces (4a, 4b) of a cutting insert (1) have opposing first and second arcuate cutting edges (8, 10). One intersecting ridge line of the bottom surface (3) and side surface (4a) has a third arcuate cutting edge (9). The first and third cutting edges are on one side and the second cutting edge is on the other side with respect to the middle line. The length between the first and second cutting edges is greater than the length between the third cutting edge and the other intersecting ridge line (11). In a cross section perpendicular to the middle line, the angle formed by the top surface and a line connecting the first and third cutting edges is different from the angle formed by the top surface and a line connecting the second cutting edge and the ridge line (11).

Abstract: A cutting insert and an indexable insert-type cutting tool includes a cutting edge (6A) formed on each of a pair of side ridge portions of at least one of the side faces, wherein an insert main body (1) is formed in the shape of having front-back inversion symmetry which is 180° rotationally symmetrical with respect to a line of symmetry (N) passing through the center of the side faces; a flank face adjacent to the cutting edge (6A) is formed on the side face in the vicinity of each of the pair of polygonal faces (2); each of the flank faces is formed in the shape of a twisted face; the pair of side ridge portions on which the cutting edge (6A) is formed intersect each other in such a manner that the second corner portion (B) of one side ridge portion protrudes outside the other side ridge portion.

Abstract: The miter saw has a base assembly, a rotatable table rotatably disposed on the base assembly, a saw assembly rotatably supported by the table, and a bevel lock assembly for locking the rotational position of the saw assembly relative to the table.

Abstract: A table saw in one embodiment a swing arm movable along a swing arm path between a first swing arm position adjacent a latch hold mechanism and a second swing arm position spaced apart from the latch hold mechanism, a blade supported by the swing arm, a charge coupling plate mounted in close proximity to the blade so as to form a capacitor, an actuating device configured to transfer a force to the swing arm when the swing arm is maintained at the first swing arm position resulting in a bias on the latch hold mechanism, and a control system configured to control the actuating device to transfer the force to the swing arm in response to a sensed change in capacitance of the capacitor.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting a tubular part includes a carrying body configured to receive an end of the tubular part. In addition, the apparatus includes a cutting assembly disposed in the carrying body. The cutting assembly includes a continuous ring configured to be rotated relative to the carrying body. Further, the apparatus includes a first cutting element pivotally attached to the continuation ring. The first cutting element includes a cutting edge configured to engage and cut the tubular part. Still further, the apparatus includes a first actuator coupled to the first cutting element and configured to pivot the first cutting element between a retracted position and a cutting position. The apparatus also includes at least one sensor configured to measure a position of the first cutting element and a force applied to the first cutting element.

Abstract: Insert and a saw blade including the insert. The insert is formed in an elongated manner and includes a cutting edge on a front side, a cutting face with an elevation formed along a length of the insert from the cutting edge, and a mounting surface structured and arranged for a clamping element one of directly or indirectly adjoining the cutting face. The mounting surface is formed with a first partial surface and at least one of an upwardly projecting second partial surface that adjoins the first partial surface and tapering lateral surfaces that are arranged at a side of the first partial surface and along a length of the insert starting from the cutting edge.

Abstract: Provided are a gear machining apparatus and a gear machining method with which the surface roughness, in a tooth profile evaluation range, of the surfaces of the teeth of a gear can be improved. This gear machining apparatus (1) machines shapes a gear (4) by machining a workpiece (4) with a grinding wheel, and comprises: a threaded grinding wheel (32) that shapes a gear (4) by machining a workpiece (4); and a disc-shaped dresser (36) that shapes the threaded grinding wheel (32) while rotating with the threaded grinding wheel (32) in a meshed state. A pressure angle (a) of the dresser (36) is designed to be dislocated such that a reference pitch circle diameter (PCD) of the gear (4) shaped by the threaded grinding wheel (32) is outside the tooth profile evaluation range of a tooth surface (5).

Abstract: A control apparatus of the present invention includes a weight calculating unit that calculates weight of a core on the basis of an NC program and a first input from a user designating a material and a thickness of work, a fixing-necessary-distance calculating unit that calculates a fixing distance on the basis of the weight of the core, a fixing-position calculating unit that sets fixing positions such that a total length of the fixing positions is equal to the fixing length, a fixation-condition setting unit that calculates a machining condition setting value for fixation on the basis of the first input, and a machine driving unit that drives the wire electric discharge machine on the basis of the NC program and causes the wire electric discharge machine to machine places set in the fixing positions by applying machining conditions for fixation.

Abstract: A method for electrical discharge machining a workpiece includes the steps of: presenting an elongate electrode to the workpiece with a spark gap therebetween; flowing a dielectric fluid in the gap; eroding the workpiece by electrical discharge between the tip of the electrode and the workpiece; displacing the electrode in a direction aligned with the long axis of the electrode to maintain the gap as the electrode wears and the workpiece is eroded; and simultaneously with the displacement, producing vibratory movement of the electrode, the vibratory movement being aligned with the long axis of the electrode.

Abstract: A method for controlling a brazing process, including the steps of applying a welding current through an electrode (52) pressed to a metal surface (83) of a workpiece to form a welding arc. Further steps are continuously measuring the welding current and the welding time, continuously determining supplied energy on the basis of the welding current and the welding time, digitally switching current supplied from batteries of a DC source (10) and to maintain a substantially constant welding current, interrupting the supply of welding current when a predetermined amount of energy has been supplied and supplying heat to batteries when a temperature of the batteries is below a predetermined value.

Abstract: A composite composition that includes an MCrAlX alloy and a nano-oxide ceramic is disclosed. In the formula, M includes nickel, cobalt, iron, or a combination thereof, and X includes yttrium, hafnium, or a combination thereof, from about 0.001 percent to about 2 percent by weight of the alloy. The amount of the nano-oxide ceramic is greater than about 40 percent, by volume of the composition. A protective covering that includes the composite composition is also disclosed. The protective covering can be attached to a tip portion of a blade with a braze material. A method for joining a protective covering to a tip portion of a blade, and a method for repair of a blade, are also provided.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the invention include solutions for chamber-less thermal joining. A first aspect includes a system for performing a thermal joining of a joint space defined by a metallic part without an environmental chamber thereabout. The system may include an induction coil for heating an area adjacent to the joint space defined by the metallic part for the thermal joining of the joint space. The system may also include a gas lens for directing a shielding gas towards the joint space, and a valve system for controlling a flow of the shielding gas from the gas lens. A vacuum system creates a negative pressure in the metallic part to urge the shielding gas through the joint space during the thermal joining, thus allowing thermal joining of the metallic part without an environmental chamber thereabout.

Abstract: Provided is a solder bump forming method that enables micro-solder bumps to be formed without the possibility of occurrence of a bridge due to excess molten solder. An injection head 11 for supplying molten solder has a nozzle 16 brought into contact with a mask with openings that is disposed over a substrate 8. After completing a supply operation, the injection head 11 is forcedly cooled by heat transfer from a cooling unit 13 through a heater unit 12 whose operation has been stopped. Molten solder 15 in the cooled injection head 11 does not drool from the nozzle 16 when the injection head 11 moves up.

Abstract: An intelligent soldering cartridge that includes: a housing; a solder tip; a heater for heating the solder tip; a storage device for storing information about characteristics of the cartridge; a processor for retrieving the information about characteristics of the cartridge, monitoring the power level delivered to the solder tip to detect liquidus occurrence at a solder joint, determining a thickness of an intermetallic compound (IMC) of the solder joint using some of the retrieved information, determining whether the thickness of the IMC is within a predetermined range, and generating an indication signal indicating that a reliable solder joint connection is formed when the thickness of the IMC is within the predetermined range; and an interface for transmitting the indication signal.

Abstract: The invention described herein generally pertains to a welding device that deposits a material onto a workpiece, the welding device having with an electrode head and a contact assembly coupled thereto. The contact assembly can house electrodes that allow deposition of material on a workpiece. At least a first set of electrodes and a second set of electrodes can be driven at different speeds. Moreover, welding arcs for one or more electrodes can be established based upon a predetermined order in which the predetermined order can be based on at least one of a location of the electrode head on the workpiece, a start of a welding process, and/or a stopping of a welding process.

Abstract: The invention described herein generally pertains to a system and method related to influencing a direction of an arc within a welding operation. Within a hot wire welding operation, an arc is generated between an electrode and a workpiece and a welding wire is energized while being supplied to a puddle formed by the electrode in order to deposit the liquefied welding wire onto the workpiece. A welder system and/or method is provided that controls a direction of the arc based on at least one of a polarity of the welding wire (via a power supply that energizes the welding wire), a location of the welding wire in proximity to the arc, a synchronization and/or de-synchronization of a polarity of the welding wire with the electrode, an activation and/or a de-activation of energizing of the welding wire, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A welding operation is performed utilizing a rotating arc resulting from movement of a welding electrode in a welding torch. Workpiece fit-up is determined as the weld progresses, such as via a camera and image analysis. In the event that fit-up changes, such as by the development of gaps between the workpieces, one or more parameters of the system may be altered, such as the geometry of the electrode movement, the travel speed, the wire feed speed, the weld power applied to the electrode, and so forth. The technique may be automated, such as for accommodating welding via welding robots.

Abstract: A welding system includes a first sensor associated with a welding helmet and configured to sense a parameter indicative of a position of a welding torch relative to the welding helmet. The travel speed sensing system also includes a processing system communicatively coupled to the first sensor and configured to determine a position of the welding torch relative to a workpiece based on the sensed first parameter.

Abstract: A welding system includes components equipped with digital communications circuitry for synchronization and coordination of tasks associated with the welding operation. The tasks may be initiated and terminated independently or in coordination based upon synchronization of this circuitry. Certain of the tasks may be performed by the components in an open-loop manner or in a closed-loop manner based upon feedback of welding parameters. Moreover, certain tasks may be independent of one another, or interdependent although carried out in parallel by the different system component.

Abstract: Additive friction stir methods for joining materials are provided. The methods comprise providing first and second substrates to be joined; providing a forming plate comprising one or more forming cavities; placing the first and second substrates in communication with the forming plate; placing the first and second substrates in communication with each other; rotating and translating an additive friction-stir tool relative to the substrates; feeding a filler material through the additive friction-stir tool; deforming the filler material and the first and second substrates; and extruding one or more of the filler material and the first and second substrates into one or more of the forming cavities of the forming plate. Interaction of the friction-stir tool with the substrates generates plastic deformation at the joint to weld the substrates at the joint. The methods include introduction of reinforcing material at the joint through addition of the filler material.

Abstract: A method for joining materials using additive friction stir techniques is provided. The method joins a material to a substrate, especially where the material to be joined and the substrate are dissimilar metals. One such method comprises (a) providing a substrate with one or more grooves; (b) rotating and translating an additive friction-stir tool relative to the substrate; (c) feeding a filler material through the additive friction-stir tool; and (d) depositing the filler material into the one or more grooves of the substrate. Translation and rotation of the tool causes heating and plastic deformation of the filler material, which flows into the grooves of the substrate resulting in an interlocking bond between the substrate and filler material. In embodiments, the depositing of the filler material causes deformation of the grooves in the substrate and an interlocking configuration between the grooves of the substrate and the filler material results.

Abstract: A turbulator fabrication process and a fabricated article are provided. The turbulator fabrication process includes providing a system configured for directing a first fusion energy and a second fusion energy, positioning a turbulator material on a substrate, and directing the first fusion energy and the second fusion energy toward the turbulator material and the substrate. The directing of the first fusion energy and the second fusion energy modifies the turbulator material forming one or more turbulators on the substrate. The fabricated article includes a substrate and one or more turbulators formed on the substrate. Each of the one or more turbulators includes at least one root portion providing a concave transition between the substrate and the turbulator.

Abstract: A laser machining system for machining a work-piece includes a laser scanning head, external optical subsystems, and an image acquisition device. The external optical subsystems correspond to optical channels that include a first optical channel and a second optical channel. The laser scanning head controls an optical path so that a laser beam is directed and focused on the work-piece through the first optical channel and the second optical channel at different times. The first optical channel and the second optical channel correspond to respective specific portions of the work-piece to be machined by the laser beam. The image acquisition device is positioned to view the work-piece through the optical path. The image acquisition device acquires via the first optical channel one or more images of the work-piece to determine a displacement of the work-piece with reference to a best optical focus position of the second optical channel.

Abstract: A laser processing method which can efficiently perform laser processing while minimizing the deviation of the converging point of a laser beam in end parts of an object to be processed is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for focusing a laser beam on a workpiece includes at least one transmissive optical element which is arranged at a tilting angle with respect to a plane perpendicular to a beam axis of the laser beam, the transmissive optical element comprising a first side and a second side through which the laser beam passes, a spatially-resolving detector configured to detect laser radiation reflected from the transmissive optical element, and an image evaluation device coupled to the detector, the image evaluation device configured to distinguish laser radiation reflected from the first side of the optical element from laser radiation reflected from the second side of the optical element.

Abstract: A system prevents oxidation of a laser cut workpiece by utilizing a laser source that utilizes laser source with an inert gas, such as argon or helium, rather than air or oxygen, to create the slots or kerfs which form the pattern cut into the workpiece. The system introduces oxygen gas through the workpiece as it is being laser cut to oxidize any slag or dross created during the laser cutting process. Oxygen or a mixture of oxygen with other gases cools the slag and the workpiece while at the same time oxidizing the slag to either completely burn or partial burn the slag before it strikes an exposed surface of the tubular member.

Abstract: An assembly may comprise a first part including a first surface, and a second part including a second surface and a bottom edge having sloped regions and at least one well between the sloped regions. The assembly may further comprise a brazed joint joining the first surface to the second surface. The at least one well may be configured to collect excess braze material from the brazed joint.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solder paste composition, a solder paste and a soldering flux. The soldering flux comprises a resin, a thixotropic agent, an activator, a solvent as well as a long-chain thiol and/or an organic chelating agent.

Abstract: A welding activated flux for structural alloy steels including 40-50 wt % of SiO2, 25-30 wt % of MoO3, 5-10 wt % of TiO2 and 10-20 wt % of Cr2O3 is disclosed. Accordingly, with the use of the welding activated flux, the depth of the weld is significantly increased, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength of the weldment and reducing the distortion of the weldment.

Abstract: A substrate inspection device and a component mounting device are provided. The solder inspection device and the component mounting device respectively have substrate support devices that support a rear face of a printed circuit board. The substrate support device includes backup pins that support the rear surface of the printed circuit board, a location determiner that determines locations of the backup pins, and a backup pin locator that places the backup pins at the locations of the backup pins determined by the location determiner. The location determiner determines positions for supporting areas of the rear face of the printed circuit board where an electrode is covered by a resist film and where neither electronic component nor solder is present, as the locations of the backup pins.