Abstract: A method of electronically authenticating an electronic ticket upon entry to a venue can include displaying a first scannable code on a display of a user device, placing the user device adjacent to a scannable code reader device, scanning the first scannable code of the user device with the scannable code reader device, generating a second scannable code and displaying the second scannable code on the scannable code reader device, scanning the second scannable code with a camera on the user device, generating a user ticket code on the display of the user device, and displaying the user ticket code on the user device to gain admittance into the venue.

Abstract: A user interface with fingerprint recognition and secure access to sensitive information and applications is described. Fingerprint recognition may occur on a dedicated module or integrated into a touchscreen. The user interface may be configured to display icons representative of secure applications and gate access thereto via biometric authentication or the user interface may be configured to display icons representative of secure applications only upon detection of valid biometric data.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor chip package structure including a circuit carrier and a fingerprint sensor chip is provided. The fingerprint sensor chip is disposed on the circuit carrier. The fingerprint sensor chip includes a chip body and a plurality of sensing structures. The chip body has an active surface, a fingerprint sensing back surface, a plurality of bond pads disposed on the active surface and a plurality of through holes. The chip body is electrically connected to the circuit carrier with the active surface facing the circuit carrier. The sensing structures are disposed in the through holes respectively. Each of the sensing structures includes a first dielectric layer, a first metal layer, a second dielectric layer and a second metal layer. The first dielectric layer is exposed on the fingerprint sensing back surface. The second metal layer extends to the active surface to be electrically connected to the corresponding bond pad.

Abstract: A touch control apparatus with fingerprint identification function includes a substrate body with a visible region, a plurality of first primary electrodes, a plurality of second primary electrodes, and a fingerprint identification region located in the visible region. The first primary electrodes and the second primary electrodes are mounted in the visible region for sensing a touch coordinate when an object touches on the visible region. The first secondary electrodes are crossly arranged and insulated from the second secondary electrodes in the fingerprint, identification region. Further, a part of the first primary electrodes and the second primary electrodes are extended to the fingerprint identification region. When a user performs a fingerprint identification function, all electrodes in the fingerprint identification region are used to detect and identify the user's fingerprint.

Abstract: A photography subsystem is configured to be operated in fingerprint scanning mode and a normal mode. An autofocus module may be initialized to control a lens with an initial focal length set according to received instructions indicating one of the modes of operation. An image signal processor associated with the photography subsystem may process images received from the photography subsystem and, if necessary, process the images to form a candidate digital fingerprint for use in an authentication process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fingerprint identification sensor, which comprises: a sensor unit, comprising a capacitor array formed by a plurality of capacitor induction units and having an output, a power supply and a sensor ground output; a conversion circuit, connected to the device ground of the terminal device, and the output and the sensor ground of the sensor unit, and configured to, upon modulating the driving signal to the modulated signal, output the modulated signal to the sensor ground; an energy storage capacitor, connected between the power supply and the sensor ground, and configured to stabilize an operating voltage of the sensor unit; a high-speed transistor switch, connected to the power supply, and configured to perform synchronous switch-on and switch-off according to status of the conversion circuit power supply; and a power supply, connected to the conversion circuit and the power supply of the sensor unit via the high-speed transistor switch.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a detection method and apparatus for fingerprint detection. The method comprises: S1. detecting a capacitance on a detection electrode which a fingerprint detection apparatus comprises; S2: when the capacitance exceeds a predetermined capacitance threshold, enabling a part of detection units of a fingerprint detection array to perform fingerprint pre-detection, and acquiring data information of the fingerprint pre-detection; and S3: when the data information exceeds a first predetermined threshold, enabling all the detection units of the fingerprint detection array to perform fingerprint scanning. With the method for fingerprint detection to according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the fingerprint detection array is initiated for full-array scanning upon reliable and effective identification that a finger touches a fingerprint detection apparatus, which greatly reduces the power consumption of the fingerprint detection.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a fingerprint identification apparatus and method. The fingerprint identification apparatus comprises a fingerprint acquisition module, an analog-to-digital conversion module and a control module that are sequentially connected, wherein the analog-to-digital conversion module comprises a quantified voltage generator for generating a quantified voltage, the fingerprint acquisition module is configured to acquire fingerprint information, and the analog-to-digital conversion module is configured to perform an analog-to-digital conversion for the fingerprint information and output quantified fingerprint information data; wherein the control module is configured to control the quantified voltage generator to adjust an output range of the quantified voltage according to a distribution range of the fingerprint information data to enlarge a distribution range of the quantified fingerprint information data.

Abstract: The present disclosure, related to the technical field of fingerprint identification, discloses a ramp wave generation circuit, a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, and a fingerprint identification system. The ramp wave generation circuit comprises: an integrating circuit, configured to output a ramp wave signal; a signal regulation circuit, comprising a feedback control loop and a transconductance amplifier connected in series, wherein the feedback control loop monitors the ramp wave signal output by the integrating circuit, and outputs a regulation control signal to the transconductance amplifier, the transconductance amplifier corrects, according to the regulation control signal, a ramp wave signal output by the integrating circuit within a next period; and a voltage generation circuit, configured to respectively output a reference voltage signal to the integrating circuit and the signal regulation circuit.

Abstract: There are included a colony evaluation unit 31 that acquires an evaluation result of the cell colony in a cell image obtained by imaging the cell colony, a divided region setting unit 32 that sets a plurality of divided regions by dividing the region of the cell colony according to the evaluation result, a display control unit 34 that displays each of the plurality of divided regions, and a region deformation unit 33 that deforms the divided regions according to a change in the form of the cell colony due to an operation on the cell colony. The display control unit 34 changes a display of the divided regions before the change in form of the cell colony to a display of the divided regions after the deformation.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatuses for biometric gestures are described herein. In one or more implementations, a computing device includes a biometric sensor, such as a fingerprint touch sensor, that is configured to detect gesture input. When gesture input is received from a user, the biometric sensor detects biometric characteristics (e.g., a fingerprint) of the user and determines a gesture (e.g., a tap, touch and hold, or swipe) based on the gesture input. The user is authenticated if the biometric characteristics correspond to an authorized user of the device. If the user is authenticated, the device transitions to an authenticated user state that is associated with the type of gesture, such as by displaying personal information on a lockscreen of the computing device or opening a quick action center.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus including a detector to detect a face in an image is provided. The image processing apparatus sets a size of the face to be detected, changes a detection condition for face detection in accordance with the size of the face set, applies the detection condition changed to the detector, and detects the face from the image by use of the detector to which the detection condition is applied.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electronic device is provided. The method includes obtaining an image, detecting at least one object in a facial area from the image, and applying a virtual light source effect to the image based on an attribute of the detected object and displaying the image.

Abstract: The subject tracking apparatus comprises: a first registering unit configured to register a partial area as a template indicative of a subject in one image of supplied images; a first matching unit configured to estimate a subject area by collating a partial area in newly supplied images with the template registered by the first registering unit; a second registering unit configured to register a histogram generated based on a pixel value of a partial area indicative of the subject in one image of supplied images; a second matching unit configured to estimate a subject area by collating a histogram of a partial area in newly supplied images with the histogram registered by the second registering unit; and a tracking area determination unit configured to determine a tracking area based on estimation results by the first matching unit and the second matching unit.

Abstract: A system for capturing image data for gestures from a passenger or a driver in a vehicle with a dynamic illumination level comprises a low-lux sensor equipped to capture image data in an environment with an illumination level below an illumination threshold, a high-lux sensor equipped to capture image data in the environment with the illumination level above the illumination threshold, and an object recognition module for activating the sensors. The object recognition module determines the illumination level of the environment and activates the low-lux sensor if the illumination level is below the illumination threshold. If the illumination level is above the threshold, the object recognition module activates the high-lux sensor.

Abstract: Methods and systems to predict user behavior based on analysis of a video communication by one or more processors, which methods include receiving a user video communication, extracting video analysis data optionally including facial analysis data for the user from the video communication, extracting, by the one or more processors, voice analysis data from the user video communication, generating an outcome prediction score based on the video analysis data and voice analysis data that predicts a likelihood that a user will take an action leading to an outcome, sending a responsive communication to the user based on the outcome prediction score to increase the likelihood of that outcome.

Abstract: For reduced storage of user stroke data, systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed. The apparatus includes a handwriting input device that receives input stroke data, a processor, and a memory that stores code executable by the processor, the code including code that identifies a handwritten character from the stroke data, maps the handwritten character to a user-specific font character based on the stroke data, and creates a file storing a character encoding corresponding to the user-specific font character. The handwriting input device may include an input device selected from the group consisting of: a touchscreen, a touch panel, a digitizer, a digital pen, a scanner, an imager, and a digital camera.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, a processing pipeline and a system create a hierarchical semantic map of a document and extracted information. The method includes apportioning the document into major sections by accessing the document, recognizing a hierarchical structure of the document, and dividing the document into the major sections by using a data profiler and a machine learning module, classifying the major sections, and mapping the major sections to key elements in one of the multiple levels, searching one major section, and identifying sub-sections from the one major section to achieve a maximum confidence score indicates that the sub-sections associate with the key element, extracting the information from the identified sub-sections by using sequence modelers and linguistic characteristics provided by the data profiler, generating the hierarchical semantic map of the document by using the extracted information, and displaying in a user interface drop down selections of the key elements.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatuses, methods and computer program products for obtaining and processing images of one or more features of a subject's eye for biometric recognition. The invention comprises receiving a first image of a first image region within a field of view of an imaging apparatus and receiving a second image of a second image region within the field of view of the imaging apparatus. Thereafter it is determined whether image information extracted from the first image matches stored iris information corresponding to at least one iris. Responsive to the first determination rendering a non-match decision, performing a second determination comprising determining whether image information extracted from the second image matches the stored iris information.

Abstract: A user authentication method for an electronic device is provided. The user authentication method includes detecting a content execution event, confirming an authentication level of content related to the detected content execution event, acquiring an appearance image through a camera unit, extracting valid regions related to an iris of a user from the acquired appearance image, and performing an authentication on the user by comparing iris authentication reference information related to a confirmed authentication level with the extracted valid regions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying and/or authenticating an individual comprising the following steps performed by a system comprising a storage device storing at least one binary code of a reference iris and a binary code of an associated reference mask: acquisition 101 of an image of an eye of the individual, segmentation 102 of the acquired image of the eye so as to isolate a region containing the texture of the iris and determine an associated mask, division 103 of said region containing the iris texture and of said mask into N2 of concentric rings, normalization 104 of said region containing the texture of the iris and of said mask of Cartesian coordinates in polar coordinates, determination 105 of a binary iris code IC of size equal to N2*P*F and a binary code of mask IM associated by application of F Gabor filters to each position of P positions of each ring, matching 106 at least one ring of the iris of the acquired image with a ring of the reference iris so as to minimize a ma

Abstract: A process estimates height and tilt of a camera having an image sensor array and IR illuminators. The process identifies multiple distinct subsets of the illuminators. For multiple heights and tilts, the process constructs dictionary entries that correspond to the camera having the height and tilt above a floor. Each entry includes light intensity values for pixels in images corresponding to activating each of the subsets of illuminators. For each of the subsets, the process receives an image of a scene captured while the subset is emitting light and the other illuminators are not. The process uses the captured images to identify a floor region corresponding to a floor in the scene. The process forms a vector including pixels from the captured images in the identified floor region and estimates the height and tilt of the camera by comparing the vector to the dictionary entries.

Abstract: A method includes: controlling a cooking appliance for cooking; obtaining cooking information for the cooking appliance controlled in the controlling of the cooking appliance; and requesting imaging in accordance with a state of the cooking appliance. The method also includes: controlling a camera for capturing an image of food cooked by the cooking appliance in response to the request made in the requesting of the imaging; and associating the image captured in the controlling of the camera with the cooking information obtained in the obtaining of the cooking information.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring vehicle traffic and collecting data indicative of pedestrian right of way violations by vehicles is provided. The system comprises memory and logic for monitoring traffic intersections and recording evidence indicating that vehicles have violated pedestrian right of way. Two sensor modalities collecting video data and radar data of the intersection under observation are employed in one embodiment of the system. The violation evidence can be accessed remotely by a traffic official for issuing of traffic citations.

Abstract: [Object] To provide an information processing apparatus, a storage medium, and a control method, which can realize both prevention of invasion of privacy and distribution of a picked up image by distributing an image after performing processing of missing an object from which an individual can be identified from the picked up image. [Solution] Provided is an information processing apparatus including an object detecting unit configured to detect an object from which an individual is identifiable from image data picked up by an image pickup unit, a storage control unit configured to store information from which the object is restorable in a storage unit, and a communication control unit configured to perform control to transfer to a server, image data generated by missing information regarding the object from which the individual is identifiable from the image data.

Abstract: A method, in an application executing on a client device, includes: displaying a camera event history provided by a remote server system, where the camera event history is presented as a chronologically-ordered set of event identifiers, each event identifier corresponding to a respective event for which a remote camera has captured an associated video; receiving a user selection of a displayed event identifier; and in response to receiving the user selection of the displayed event identifier: expanding the selected event identifier into a video player window, the video player window consuming a portion of the displayed camera event history; and playing, in the video player window, the captured video; and in response to terminating playback of the captured video or user de-selection of the displayed event identifier, collapsing the video player window into the selected event identifier thereby stopping the playing of the captured video.

Abstract: Remote biometric monitoring systems may include a digital camera having a digital sensor, a processor, and a memory, all enclosed in a common housing. The processor of the camera may locally execute one or more algorithms to perform computer vision analysis of captured images of a sleeping subject, thereby determining an activity state of the subject. The activity state may include a sleep state. One or more environmental control devices may be adjusted automatically by the system based at least in part on the activity state.

Abstract: A nocturnal vehicle counting method based on a mixed particle filter is introduced in that, in a nocturnal environment, a rear lamp of a vehicle is the most remarkable feature of the vehicle and forms a high-brightness region of an image of the vehicle. The method involves detecting the high-brightness region of an image of the vehicle to thereby detect the rear lamp of the vehicle. The method further involves operating a particle filter structure which, coupled with the detection of a moving high-brightness region, can detect and track the rear lamp of the vehicle simultaneously, thereby enhancing competitiveness and incurring low costs.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle surroundings recognition apparatus capable of enhancing a calculation accuracy of a relative position and a relative speed with respect to an object such as a pedestrian even in a case where the object cannot be detected accurately in some of the images obtained by performing image-capturing around a vehicle, for example.

Abstract: An outside recognition system configured to include a camera installed on a vehicle, to analyze an image from the camera, and to recognize surroundings of the vehicle based on an analysis result of the image from the camera comprises a dirtiness detection unit which determines, as at least one reference line, at least one line on a part of at least one object that does not change in the image from the camera even if the vehicle travels, determines an observation line that corresponds to each of the at least one reference line with the image from the camera, calculates an amount by which the observation line is displaced from each of the at least one reference line, and detects whether dirt adheres to the camera based on the amount of displacement.

Abstract: Various embodiments are disclosed describing implementations of a navigational device with an integrated camera, which may record live video. A driving recorder is described that may store the live video data upon detection of a triggering event. A lane departure notification system is also described that determines whether a vehicle has crossed a road lane line, and cartographic data used by the navigational system may be leveraged such that the alert is issued when the vehicle is crossing into oncoming traffic but otherwise is suppressed. A collision notification system is also described, which identifies a vehicle by applying separate classification algorithms to the live video data based upon whether the video is recorded during the daytime or nighttime, and calculates a following distance. The navigational device may issue an alert when the following distance is below a recommended following distance threshold.

Abstract: An imaging processing device includes an image acquisition unit, a character region estimation unit, and an output unit. The character region estimation unit determines a line indicating a direction in which characters are arranged with high probability in the acquired image and estimates a character region candidate in which characters are arranged with high probability. The output unit outputs information of the region estimated in the character region estimation unit. The character region estimation unit includes a vertical line detector, a horizontal line detector, a color distribution detector, and a character region candidate line determination unit. The image processing device includes an association imaging mode to cause a user to shoot an image of the character region candidate.

Abstract: Object recognition by point-of-sale camera systems is aided by first removing perspective distortion. Yet pose of the object—relative to the system—depends on actions of the operator, and is usually unknown. Multiple trial counter-distortions to remove perspective distortion can be attempted, but the number of such trials is limited by the frame rate of the camera system—which limits the available processing interval. One embodiment of the present technology examines historical image data to determine counter-distortions that statistically yield best object recognition results. Similarly, the system can analyze historical data to learn what sub-parts of captured imagery most likely enable object recognition. A set-cover strategy is desirably used. In some arrangements, the system identifies different counter-distortions, and image sub-parts, that work best with different clerk- and customer-operators of the system, and processes captured imagery accordingly.

Abstract: A method of preprocessing an image including biological information is disclosed, in which an image preprocessor may set an edge line in an input image including biological information, calculate an energy value corresponding to the edge line, and adaptively crop the input image based on the energy value.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for content-based selection of style examples used in image stylization operations. For example, training images can be used to identify example stylized images that will generate high-quality stylized images when stylizing input images having certain types of semantic content. In one example, a processing device determines which example stylized images are more suitable for use with certain types of semantic content represented by training images. In response to receiving or otherwise accessing an input image, the processing device analyzes the semantic content of the input image, matches the input image to at least one training image with similar semantic content, and selects at least one example stylized image that has been previously matched to one or more training images having that type of semantic content. The processing device modifies color or contrast information for the input image using the selected example stylized image.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a position information obtaining unit and a region detection unit. The position information obtaining unit obtains position information indicating a representative position of one or more designated regions in an image. The region detection unit detects the one or more designated regions from the position information. The region detection unit cancels a setting of the one or more designated regions for pixels within a predetermined portion of the image, and detects the one or more designated regions again for the pixels within the predetermined portion, based on a reference pixel selected from among pixels on the image for which the setting of the one or more designated regions has not been canceled.

Abstract: An image determining method for scanning an image and determining specific image pixels of a specific image. The method comprises: determining at least one pixel in a first row having brightness value larger than a threshold value as the specific image pixel; defining a leftmost pixel and a rightmost pixel of the specific image pixel in the first row as a leftmost edge and a rightmost edge of a first specific image range; and defining a second specific image range in a second row of the image, which is next to the first row. Column positions of a leftmost edge and a rightmost edge of the second specific image range are respectively the same with column positions of the leftmost edge and the rightmost edge of the first specific image range. Via this method, the determining for the specific image pixels is more accurate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide automated systems and methods for visualizing a product using standard and personal objects. An image can be retrieved from the shopping history or shopping cart of a user, and the dimensions of the image can be automatically adjusted to make an accurate relative size comparison to a product for purchase.

Abstract: A method and an image processing system of processing thermal images captured using a thermal imaging system. The processing comprises determining a reference image depicting a scene and retrieving, from a number of thermal images comprised in a data storage, a set of one or more thermal images based on a predetermined similarity measure. A measurement location in the reference image is determined, and for each of the one or more retrieved thermal images: a corresponding measurement location in the respective retrieved thermal image is determined; and a thermographic tool is placed on the corresponding measurement location in the respective retrieved thermal image.

Abstract: Methods and systems for automatically mapping biopsy locations to pathology results. One system includes a server including an electronic processor and an interface for communicating with at least one data source and at least one pathology result source. The electronic processor is configured to receive an image from the at least one data source over the interface. The electronic processor is also configured to receive a biopsy location. The biopsy location includes a three-dimensional position mapped to a position within the image. The electronic processor is also configured to automatically locate an electronic pathology result for the biopsy location within the at least one pathology result source over the interface. The electronic processor is also configured to generate an electronic correlation between the biopsy location and the electronic pathology result. The electronic processor is also configured to display the image with the biopsy location marked within the image.

Abstract: Methods and systems for automatically analyzing clinical images using rules and image analytics. One system includes a server including an electronic processor and an interface for communicating with at least one data source. The electronic processor is configured to receive training information from the at least one data source over the interface. The training information includes a plurality of images and graphical reporting associated with each of the plurality of images. The electronic processor is also configured to perform machine learning to develop a model using the training information and receive an image for analysis. The electronic processor is also configured to determine a set of rules for the image and automatically process the image using the model and the set of rules to generate a diagnosis for the image.

Abstract: Methods, systems, computer-readable media, and apparatuses for assigning a color class of a defined finite set of colors to at least one sub-region within a test image are presented. A plurality of sub-regions are identified within a test image. A first sub-region color value is determined for a selected first sub-region of the test image. Using the first sub-region color value and a plurality of zero-order probability distributions, a first color class of the defined finite set of colors is determined as a hypothesis color for the first sub-region. A second sub-region color value is determined for a selected second sub-region of the test image. Using the second sub-region color value and a conditional probability distribution conditioned on the hypothesis color for the first sub-region, a second color class of the defined set of colors is determined. The second color class is assigned to the second sub-region.

Abstract: A convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained for font recognition and font similarity learning. In a training phase, text images with font labels are synthesized by introducing variances to minimize the gap between the training images and real-world text images. Training images are generated and input into the CNN. The output is fed into an N-way softmax function dependent on the number of fonts the CNN is being trained on, producing a distribution of classified text images over N class labels. In a testing phase, each test image is normalized in height and squeezed in aspect ratio resulting in a plurality of test patches. The CNN averages the probabilities of each test patch belonging to a set of fonts to obtain a classification. Feature representations may be extracted and utilized to define font similarity between fonts, which may be utilized in font suggestion, font browsing, or font recognition applications.

Abstract: In some arrangements, product packaging is digitally watermarked over most of its extent to facilitate high-throughput item identification at retail checkouts. Imagery captured by conventional or plenoptic cameras can be processed (e.g., by GPUs) to derive several different perspective-transformed views—further minimizing the need to manually reposition items for identification. Crinkles and other deformations in product packaging can be optically sensed, allowing such surfaces to be virtually flattened to aid identification. Piles of items can be 3D-modelled and virtually segmented into geometric primitives to aid identification, and to discover locations of obscured items. Other data (e.g., including data from sensors in aisles, shelves and carts, and gaze tracking for clues about visual saliency) can be used in assessing identification hypotheses about an item. A great variety of other features and arrangements are also detailed.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, an image forming apparatus comprises a printing section configured to be capable of carrying out at least a decoloring printing; an input section configured to receive a command from a user; a first print control section configured to control, in a case of receiving a printing command from the user, the printing section to decolor and print a printing subject image, and then wait until the command is input from the user; and a second print control section configured to control, in a case of receiving a command continuing printing from the user, the printing section to print the printing subject image.

Abstract: The Matrix Journal System embodies a database record structure in paper form to capture and organize user hand crafted content. This structure enables linking content with other pages, journals, external media and web based content. A unique QR code is entered onto each page when the journal is initially created. Once handwritten data has been entered into the matrix journal, individual pages are scanned and captured in a database. The database preserves a digital version of the hand crafted matrix journal content and the QR codes enable organization and management of the database. The matrix journal includes a binder system having a spline, a plurality of rings, and a plurality of loose-leaf pages disposed on the rings sandwiched between a front and a rear cover. The system enables a 360 degree rotation of the front and rear covers, so that the matrix journal can be used anywhere.

Abstract: An electronic card uses a magnetic stripe communication device in which either a horizontal magnetic field generator or a vertical magnetic field generator is selectively activated on a transaction specific basis as determined by the electronic card to transmit data to a magnetic reader to emulate a magnetic stripe

Abstract: A colored smart card module having a light-transmissible substrate with first and second sides; a card-reader contact element formed on the first side of the substrate; and a colored ink layer printed on the second side of the substrate. The printed colored ink layer is then at least in part visible from the first side of the substrate around the card-reader contact element. A smart card including such a colored smart card module is also provided.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided, which comprises a light-emitting diode arrangement and a driver arrangement operatively connected to the light-emitting diode arrangement, wherein at least one light-emitting diode of the light-emitting diode arrangement is operatively connected between a first driver of the driver arrangement and a second driver of said driver arrangement, such that, in operation, the light-emitting diode may be energized with current flowing between the first driver and the second driver. Furthermore, according to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a corresponding method of manufacturing an electronic device is conceived.

Abstract: A container can comprise a side wall and a radio frequency identification tag. The side wall can have inner and outside wall portions. The radio frequency identification tag can be connected to the side wall or embedded in the side wall. The radio frequency identification tag can comprise a chip and an antenna. The antenna can comprise a first antenna element and a second antenna element. The first and second antenna elements can be helically-wound around the side wall forming a 3-dimensional structure.