Abstract: The present invention relates to a light fixture comprising at least one light source generating light; a light collector configured to collect at least a part of the light and to convert the light into a light beam propagating a long an optical axis, where the light beam is concentrated at an optical gate arranged along the optical axis and an optical assembly comprising at least one optical front lens. The optical assembly is configured to project at least a part of said light beam along said optical axis and the light fixture comprises a prism effect system. The prism effect system comprises said prism effect system comprises a multi-faceted prism and a multi-regional color filter comprising a plurality of color filter regions having at least two different color filtering properties, wherein said multi-faceted prism and said multi-regional color filter are arranged adjacent each other.

Abstract: A LED strip light includes at least one LED chip and a lens device. The lens device includes at least one optical axis, a diffuser plate, a spread-light lens disposed on the diffuser plate and including a plane light incidence surface being perpendicular to the at least one optical axis, and a first convex light emitting surface and a second convex light emitting surface which are positioned at two sides of the at least one optical axis respectively. On a cross section taken along the at least one optical axis, an arc length and a radius of curvature of a profile of the first convex light emitting surface being larger than that of a profile of the second convex light emitting surface, irradiation distance of emergent light of the first convex light emitting surface being less than that of emergent light of the second convex light emitting surface.

Abstract: An LED strip light.

Abstract: An asymmetrical optical assembly employs reflecting surfaces and a lens to combine the light from a plurality of LED lamps into an illumination pattern useful in a floodlight or work light. The reflecting surfaces and lens optical element are not symmetrical with respect to a plane bisecting the optical assembly and including the optical axes of the LED light sources. Some light from the LED light sources is redirected from its emitted trajectory into the desired illumination pattern, while a significant portion of the light from the LED light sources is permitted to exit the optical assembly without redirection. Minimizing the number of optical elements employed and the redirection of light enhances the efficiency of the resulting light assembly.

Abstract: A flat lamp structure may include a housing; a module in which at least one LED is disposed on a substrate; a reflector which reflects light emitted from the LED to the outside thereof; an inner lens which is disposed in front of the reflector with a predetermined interval to diffuse light emitted from the LED; and an outer lens which is disposed outside the inner lens and coupled to the housing, wherein the reflector has a first reflector part, a second reflector part, and a third reflector part having different optical properties and the first and second reflector parts have a specular reflection characteristic and the third reflector part has a Lambertian reflection characteristic, and reflects the light in all directions with the uniform brightness regardless of a direction to a diffuser surface to form a light emission surface.

Abstract: A direct troffer-style fixture for solid state light sources for use in these fixtures. Embodiments of the present invention provide a direct troffer-style fixture that is particularly well-suited for retrofit structures. The fixture comprises a retrofit troffer assembly that is removably attached within a T grid or pan structure. The retrofit fixture can be installed in two pieces: a first including a lens structure, a back reflector and 2 end reflectors; and the second component including a second portion of the back reflector. An interior space created by the lens structure houses light emitters and in some embodiments, a light engine and/or additional electronics. One or both of the end reflectors may be movable, slidable and/or rotatable, to accommodate installation. The back reflector covers most of the interior surfaces of the troffer fixture to direct more light out of the fixture.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light source with at least two radiation sources, and at least two layers of wavelength-modifying materials excited by the radiation sources that emit radiation in at least two predetermined wavelengths. Embodiments include a first plurality of n radiation sources configured to emit radiation at a first wavelength. The first plurality of radiation sources are in proximity to a second plurality of m of radiation sources configured to emit radiation at a second wavelength, the second wavelength being shorter than the first wavelength. The ratio between m and n is predetermined. The disclosed optical device also comprises at least two wavelength converting layers such that a first wavelength converting layer is configured to absorb a portion of radiation emitted by the second radiation sources, and a second wavelength converting layer configured to absorb a portion of radiation emitted by the second radiation sources.

Abstract: A display assembly and display device using the same is disclosed. The display assembly includes a light source for outputting blue light; a quantum dot converter for converting the blue light output from the light source to output at least one of red light and green light; a light transmitter for transmitting the blue light output from the light source by scattering all or part of the blue light; and a substrate on which the quantum converter and the light transmitter are arranged.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Discriminating Radial Illuminator (DRI), which is a portable illumination and obscuration system offering unique advantages over conventional methods of illumination. Exemplary uses include: Tactical illumination and obscuration for military, law enforcement and private security; special effects lighting for the entertainment industry; architectural and commercial lighting, both interior and exterior.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light fixture comprising at least one light source generating light; a light collector configured to collect at least a part of the light and to convert the light into a light beam propagating a long an optical axis, where the light beam is concentrated at an optical gate arranged along the optical axis and an optical assembly comprising at least one optical front lens. The optical assembly is configured to project at least a part of said light beam along said optical axis and the light fixture comprises a prism effect system. The prism effects system comprises a first prism comprising an entrance surface and a multi-faceted exit surface and a second prism comprising a multi-faceted entrance surface and an exit surface, where the first and second prism comprises an identical number of inverted facets.

Abstract: A clamp for a socket assembly is disclosed. The clamp comprises an upper plate, a lower plate arranged parallel to the upper plate, and a pressing section connected to the upper plate. The upper plate is capable of being pressed toward the lower plate.

Abstract: In a LED lamp structure and an illuminating module thereof, the illuminating module includes a circuit board, a flat plate LED, an electrical pin and a packaging colloid. The circuit board has a length, a first and a second side formed at two sides of the length. The flat plate LED is fixed and electrically connected with the circuit board, bulges at the first side, and includes a substrate and at least one LED grain assembled on the substrate. The flat plate LED can emit omnidirectional light because the substrate is made of transparent material. The electrical pin is fixed and electrically connected with the circuit board and bulges at the second side. The packaging colloid covers the circuit board and the flat plate LED and has a rectangular plastic block. Thereby, the LED lamp structure can remain traditional appearance of a halogen lamp, for collecting and focusing light.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a light source configured to emit laser light; and a wavelength conversion part configured to convert a wavelength of the laser light emitted from the light source and to irradiate illumination light. The wavelength conversion part includes a conversion region provided with a phosphor which converts the wavelength of the laser light and emits the wavelength-converted laser light, and a non-conversion region not provided with the phosphor and configured to transmit the laser light irradiated from the light source. The non-conversion region is formed in a pinhole shape with respect to the conversion region.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a table lamp and belongs to the field of lighting fixture. The table lamp comprises a base, a lamp handle, a lamp holder provided with a light source and an adjustment component. The lamp handle is in fixed connection with the base, the lamp holder and the adjustment component, respectively. The base can be placed on a placement surface, and a bottom surface of the base is a curved surface, and the center of gravity of the table lamp falls on the base. The adjustment component is capable of adjusting the center of gravity of the table lamp by varying the center of gravity of the adjustment component, to thereby change a contact position of the bottom surface of the base and the placement surface, and thus make the illumination angle of the lamp holder change.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a light source configured to emit laser light, a transmission part configured to transmit the laser light emitted from the light source, and a lighting appliance configured to convert a wavelength of the laser light transmitted through the transmission part and to emit illumination light. The transmission part includes a rail-shaped guide part extending in a linear shape along a transmission direction of the laser light. The lighting appliance is configured to be mounted in an arbitrary position of the guide part.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of entertainment devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to the field of entertainment devices that utilize electronics, and lighting, location, and communication system(s). At least one current embodiment of the present invention is an animated device with lighting and flip style animations.

Abstract: An optical structure for processing the light output by a lighting unit, in 6 which an antenna (36) is formed within or over an region (34) of the optical layer (23) of the structure, wherein the region (34) is away from the optical beam processing parts (21)a of the optical layer (23).

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting device (30) having at least one lighting means (32) for use with an electric-motor furniture drive, which electric-motor furniture drive has at least one electric-motor adjustment drive (7, 8), wherein the electric-motor adjustment drive (7, 8) is connected to a base unit (10), which is coupled to an operating unit (20), by means of which the at least one electric-motor adjustment drive (7, 8) can be actuated, wherein the lighting device (30) has at least two plug connectors (34, 35), by means of which the lighting device can be connected to the base unit (10) or to the at least one electric-motor adjustment drive (7, 8) on the one hand and to the operating unit (20) on the other hand, wherein an electrical connection is established between the base unit (10) and the operating unit (20) or the at least one electric-motor adjustment drive (7, 8); by means of the lighting device (30).

Abstract: A portable lighting device that provides different user interfaces that may be selected by the user. Each user interface may provide one or more operational modes, such as on mode, power save mode, strobe mode or momentary mode. After a user interface is selected, the user may select on of the operational modes. The portable lighting device may be a flashlight.

Abstract: A sensor module for a lighting fixture includes a module housing configured to be mounted to a lighting fixture, a light sensor mounted in the module housing, and a sensor cover over the light sensor. The sensor cover includes a first surface oriented to face a task surface within an area of interest, and a second surface opposite the first surface. The first surface includes a first Fresnel lens having a number of Fresnel ridges oriented in a first direction. The second surface includes a second Fresnel lens having a number of Fresnel ridges oriented in a second direction, which is different from the first direction. Providing the first Fresnel lens and the second Fresnel lens with differently oriented Fresnel ridges allows the sensor cover to focus light from a relatively large portion of the task surface to the light sensor while remaining small.

Abstract: An electrical device includes a night light. The night light includes one or more light sources for emitting light. The device includes an occupancy detection sensor to detect occupancy within a monitored area in addition to a daylight sensor. The daylight sensor provides detection of ambient light and detection of other similar devices, which have activated, within a larger monitored area. The device optionally includes a power outlet. The device optionally includes alternate method to detect other devices, which have activated, within a larger monitored area.

Abstract: A fluid cooled lamp includes: a heat conductive pipe has multiple heat conductive surfaces and a hollow channel; multiple illumination modules arranged at each heat conductive surface; a junction assembly for inlet and outlet of fluid including an inlet joint and an outlet joint, the inlet joint and the outlet joint are respectively communicated with both ends of the hollow channel; a flow guiding inner tube communicated with inlet joint and located in the hollow channel, multiple spray holes are disposed in the flow guiding inner tube, the fluid is sprayed from each spray hole and impacts an inner wall of the heat conductive pipe to remove heat.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a lighting device includes a hollow globe having an opening at an end thereof, a light source housed in the globe and including at least an LED, a pillar portion housed in the globe and supporting the light source, a cap connector directly connected to the pillar portion, or indirectly connected to the pillar portion via another member, and a cap attached to the cap connector and electrically connected to the light source. A thermally conductive layer is provided between the inner surface of the globe and the lateral surface of the pillar portion.

Abstract: A replaceable optical module lamp includes a light-emitting module, a circuit board, a sealing layer, and an optical module. The circuit board and the light-emitting module are electrically connected to each other. The sealing layer encloses the light-emitting module and the circuit board and includes a first assembling structure. The optical module is assembled to the sealing layer and is provided with an assembling hole. The assembling hole of the optical module is surroundingly connected to the sealing layer, so that the light-emitting module is disposed in the optical module. The optical module is provided with a second assembling structure detachably assembled to the first assembling structure to facilitate replacement. Accordingly, cost is reduced, and the optical module can be replaced with ease.

Abstract: An in-grade light fixtures having hermetically sealed components that enable water and air to pass through the fixture to effectuate cooling without degrading the fixture components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an LED lamp forming material with an outstanding weather resistance performance and a reliable seal performance, and also relates to a light-pervious waterproof LED lamp manufactured by the LED lamp forming material. A lamp forming mold is prepared according to a shape of the light-pervious waterproof damp required by a user, a circuit board including a driving circuit and an LED light source is suspended within a molding cavity of the LED lamp forming mold, a PVC paste or a modified PVC paste is injected into the molding cavity, heating is performed for 15 to 30 minutes, the PVC paste or the modified PVC paste within the molding cavity of the LED lamp is solidified, the solidified LED waterproof lamp is taken out of the molding cavity, so as to obtain the light-pervious waterproof LED lamp.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus has a plurality of longitudinally elongated gas burners, each having a burner port on an upper end thereof. A damper is disposed to cover gas inlet ports on an upstream end of an air-fuel mixing tube portion of each of the gas burners. The damper has formed therein ventilation holes for limiting primary air. The ventilation holes overlap, and are smaller than, the gas inlet ports. The damper has #1 ventilation holes having obstacles against which the fuel gas to be ejected from the gas nozzles strike, and #2 ventilation holes without obstacles. Poor combustion such as flame lifting is restricted and combustion noises are reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus for firing and combusting syngas is described. The apparatus comprises a vessel having a first chamber with an inlet for receiving syngas from a gasifier, an ignition chamber provided with an auxiliary burner to ignite the diluted syngas; a combustion chamber provided with an inlet for introducing a combustion agent for combusting the ignited syngas and a retention chamber for retaining the resulting combustion products for a predetermined residence period, the retention chamber being provided with an outlet for withdrawing said combustion products. The first chamber is configured to receive a diluent fluid to dilute the syngas to a predetermined composition below a lower explosive limit (LEL). Preferably the diluent fluid is an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A soot trap for use in chimney cleaning which includes a soot trap housing having a bottom, a circumferential sidewall, and a top which together define an interior cavity. The bottom and the top have axially aligned push rod pass through openings. A closure is provided in one of the top or the bottom to provide access to the interior cavity of the housing. A sequential series of push rod wipers is stacked loosely in the interior cavity of the housing. Each push rod wiper has an opening that is in axial alignment with the push rod pass through openings, such that the sequential series of push rod wipers wipe soot into the interior cavity of the housing as a push rod passes through the push rod pass through openings.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for controlling combustor cans of a gas turbine. Detectors disposed on combustor cans are operable to detect combustion vibration values of the combustor cans. The combustion vibration value is compared to a reference value. Combustor cans having a combustion vibration value greater than a reference value are assigned to a first group, and combustor cans having a combustion vibration value not greater than the reference value are assigned to a second group. The output of each combustor can in the first group is regulated to lower the combustion vibration value, thereby improving the stability of the gas turbine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ignition system for igniting a flame in a combustion chamber comprising a conduit secured to a windbox wall of the combustion chamber; where the conduit includes a fuel conduit for delivering fuel to the combustion chamber; and a single ignitor and flame rod assembly having a first end and a second end; where the first end comprises a high energy ignitor tip; where the second end is in electrical communication with an electrical power source; where the electrical power source comprises a spark transformer that comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding; a flame monitoring ignitor; where the flame monitoring ignitor is in direct electrical communication with a ground contact and with a low voltage side of the secondary winding; where the flame monitoring ignitor is disposed between the low voltage side of the secondary winding and a ground contact; and a transient voltage suppressor; that is disposed in parallel with the flame monitoring ignitor.

Abstract: A system for controlling a gas burning appliance is disclosed. The system includes a central control unit. A pilot valve and main valve controls the flow of fuel from a fuel source to the pilot and main valve, respectively, and are configured for accepting an electrical current from a thermopile and from a power source. A spark generator generates for igniting fuel received by the pilot thereby generating a pilot flame. A flame sensor is adapted for monitoring the presence of a pilot flame. A thermopile proximate to the pilot burner is configured for generating an output electrical current for powering the pilot and main valve control devices. A relay routes electrical current between the power source and thermopile to the pilot and main valve control devices. A flame height regulating device conductively coupled with the power source is configured for adjusting a height of a main flame.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine section has a housing and a plurality of panels attached to the housing. The panels face toward a flow path of hot products of combustion. The panels include a central web and extending legs. A bend between the central web and the extending legs is formed at a radius. A gas turbine engine is also disclosed.

Abstract: An assembly is provided for a turbine engine. A combustor wall of the turbine engine assembly includes a shell, a heat shield and an annular body. The annular body extends through the combustor wall. The annular body at least partially defines a quench aperture along a centerline through the combustor wall. The annular body defines a first cooling aperture fluidly coupled between a cooling cavity and the quench aperture. The cooling cavity is between the shell and the heat shield.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor has a burner with an inner casing and an outer casing, and an airflow path that supplies air between them. An opening introduces air from an outer circumferential side to an inner circumferential side of the inner casing of the combustor and an obstacle impedes the flow of the air upstream of the opening portion. The obstacle is formed by a perforated plate having an opening ratio representing a ratio of cross-sectional area of an opening portion of the holes formed in the obstacle to the sum of the cross-sectional area of the opening portion of the holes, and the cross-sectional area of the shielding portion that shields the flow of the air is low on an inner circumferential side of the obstacle and high on an outer circumferential side of the obstacle.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a fuel supply system. A plurality of fuel nozzles are connected in fluid communication with the fuel supply system to supply fuel from a fuel source to be issued for combustion from the fuel nozzles. A cooling system is included, wherein at least one of the fuel nozzles includes a cooling circuit in addition to a fuel circuit for issuing fuel from the fuel supply system for combustion. The cooling circuit includes an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is in fluid communication with the cooling system for circulation of coolant through the cooling circuit and back to the cooling system out the outlet of the cooling circuit for cooling the fuel circuit with the fuel circuit staged off.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine engine includes an inner combustor wall and an outer combustor wall radially outboard of the inner combustor wall. The inner and outer combustor walls define a combustion space therebetween with an upstream inlet and a downstream outlet. A combustor dome connects between inner and outer combustor walls at the upstream inlet of the combustion space. The combustor dome includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart nozzles and a plurality of tiles mounted to the combustor dome to fluidly separate a downstream side of the combustor dome from an upstream side of the combustor dome.

Abstract: In accordance with at least one aspect of this disclosure, a fuel injector system can include an air mixer defining an outer air circuit, at least one intermediate air circuit, and an inner air circuit. The fuel injector system can also include a fuel manifold defining a fuel circuit, at least a portion of which is operatively disposed within the air mixer such that the fuel circuit and the intermediate air circuit are in fluid communication with each other for atomization of fuel. At least one of the air mixer or the fuel manifold can be additively manufactured.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle for gas turbine combustor of the present invention includes a diffusion combustion burner including a diffusion fuel nozzle, a premixing combustion burner including a premixing fuel nozzle, an end flange to which the diffusion combustion burner and the premixing combustion burner are mechanically joined, and a diffusion combustion burner support which fixes the diffusion combustion burner to the end flange and is mounted around the premixing fuel nozzle in a manner to cover a root portion of the premixing fuel nozzle, the root portion being a junction between the premixing fuel nozzle and the end flange. An outside diameter of the premixing fuel nozzle longitudinally varies in a manner to progressively increase toward the junction. A maximum diameter of the root portion of the premixing fuel nozzle is greater than an inside diameter of a hole formed in the diffusion combustion burner support.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a gas generator with at least one compressor rotor, at least one gas generator turbine rotor and a combustion section. There is a duct located downstream of the gas generator. The duct is configured to move between a first position and a second position. A fan drive turbine is positioned downstream of a path of the products of combustion and passes over at least one gas generator turbine rotor when the duct is in the first position. The fan drive turbine is for driving a shaft and the shaft is for engaging gears to drive at least two fan rotors. An augmentor section is positioned downstream of a path of products of combustion and passes over at least one gas generator turbine rotor when the duct is in second position.

Abstract: A wall assembly is provided for a gas turbine engine. This wall assembly includes a support shell with a contoured region; and a multiple of liner panels mounted to the support shell. At least one of the multiple of liner panels includes an end rail. The contoured region is deformable to selectively contact at least a portion of the end rail. A method of assembling a wall assembly within a gas turbine engine is also provided. This method includes locating a stud that extends from a cold side of a liner panel through a support shell; and attaching a fastener onto the stud to at least partially close a gap defined between the panel and shell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biomass stove for burning biomass fuel using a combustion furnace. The stove includes a gravity feed fuel holding tank for feeding biomass fuel to the furnace. The combustion furnace includes a primary combustion furnace and a secondary combustion furnace surrounding the primary combustion furnace, as well as a water jacket surrounding the secondary combustion furnace and an air jacket further surrounding the water jacket. A fuel holding device may be in the form of a rotating furnace that includes a support surface with one or more curved vanes thereon for moving gravity fed fuel. An ash removal assembly includes an adjustable ash grate and a fixed ash grate below the furnace. Adjustment of the adjustable grate relative to the fixed grate moves openings into and out of alignment such that ash from burned biomass fuel is output to an ash pan.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling the exhaust flow rate in an exhaust ventilation system including an exhaust hood positioned above a cooking appliance. The method can include measuring a temperature of the exhaust air in the vicinity of the cooking appliance, and measuring a radiant temperature of a surface of the cooking appliance, and determining an appliance status based on the measured exhaust air temperature and radiant temperature, and controlling the exhaust flow rate in response to the determined appliance status.

Abstract: An underlayment system is provided that includes a plurality of protrusions that extend from a common base member. The protrusions and base member can include an opening therethrough that allows for subsequent layers of material, such as adhesive, to interact and bond to each other. The protrusions are arranged in such a way to contain a wire, string, or heating element, within a receiving area. The arrangement of the protrusions allow for routing of the wire, string, or heating element in a variety of angles, bends, and other routing layouts.

Abstract: An underlayment system is provided that includes a plurality of bosses that emanate form a common base member. The bosses and bases preferably include an opening therethrough that will allow for subsequent layers of adhesive to interact and bond to each other. The bosses are also spaced in such a way to help secure a wire snugly therebetween.

Abstract: A water heating system having a system inlet pipe (1.002), a hot water delivery pipe (1.003) and a hot water return pipe (1.006) connected to a building hot water distribution network (1.024); the water heating system including one or more water heaters (1.001), the or each water heater having a heater inlet (1.022) and a heater outlet (1.023), a hot water return pipe (1.006) connected between the system inlet and delivery outlet via the building hot water distribution network to form a close loop hot water supply-return circuit; a pump (1.005) connected to circulate water through the hot water supply-return circuit whereby the pump can circulate water through one or more of the water heaters; a valve means (1.007) a first non-return valve adapted to prevent inlet water (water delivered to the system inlet) from flowing into the hot water return pipe or the building hot water distribution network.

Abstract: Provided are flexible panel devices that use desiccants for heat and mass transfer processes, including but not limited to air conditioning systems, for example, liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) applications wherein the liquid desiccant is contained in a panel that comprises at least one hydrophilic separation layer, which allows water vapor transfer between the air and liquid desiccant and enable dehumidification and humidification of the air. The flexible panel devices can be installed on an absorber (conditioner) side or a desorber (regenerator) side or both of a LDAC system. The devices have two flexible layers, at least one of which comprises a flexible and water vapor permeable hydrophilic separation layer, that form a desiccant flow channel and a desiccant flow distributor located therein.

Abstract: HVAC systems and methods for delivering highly efficient heating and cooling using ambient air as the working fluid. A plenum has an upstream inlet and a downstream outlet, each in fluid communication with a target space to be heated or cooled. Ambient air is drawn into the inlet at an incoming pressure and an incoming temperature. The inlet and outlet are gated, respectively, by first and second rotary pumps. A heat exchanger in the plenum transfers heat into or out of the air, provoking a change in air volume within the plenum. Work is harvested in response to change in air volume. The systems and methods can be configured to replace a traditional blower fan used to circulate the interior and exterior air. The systems and methods can be configured to implement a technique referred to as Convergent Refrigeration.

Abstract: This counter-current dual-flow air/air exchanger (1) includes a first network of channels oriented along a longitudinal axis (X-X?) of the exchanger (1), suitable for the circulation of a first airflow (F1) in a first direction, and a second network of channels oriented along the longitudinal axis (X-X?) of the exchanger (1), suitable for the circulation of a second airflow (F2) in the direction opposite the first airflow (F1). The exchanger (1) includes members (10, 12, 14) for reversing the flow direction of the second airflow (F2) in the second network of channels, such that the first and second airflows (F1, F2) circulate co-currently, suitable for protecting the exchanger (1) from ice.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the temperature and humidity in a plurality of spaces are provided. The systems may receive inputs from a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an occupancy sensor, a door sensor, and a window sensor. The systems may determine a first space is occupied and a second space is unoccupied. If the occupied space has both doors and windows closed the system may direct motorized vents to shift air flow from an evaporator, burner and humidifier towards the occupied area and away from the unoccupied area.