Abstract: Provided are a transformant produced by introducing a gene coding for a cis-prenyltransferase and a gene coding for a Nogo-B receptor, which are considered to be involved in polyisoprenoid biosynthesis, into a host to allow the host to express the cis-prenyltransferase and the Nogo-B receptor, and a method for producing a polyisoprenoid using the transformant. The present invention relates to a transformant produced by introducing a gene coding for a cis-prenyltransferase and a gene coding for a Nogo-B receptor into a host to allow the host to express the cis-prenyltransferase and the Nogo-B receptor.

Abstract: Methods of isoprenoid production are provided by the present invention. In particular, transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 cyanobacteria and methods for producing isoprene and pinene using a host transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 cyanobacterium are provided.

Abstract: A range of concentrations exists in which fermentation inhibitors derived from pretreatment of lignocellulosic feed stocks inhibit growth of lactic acid bacteria without affecting fermentive yeast. By optimizing levels of fermentation inhibitors to fall within this range, yeast fermentations of lignocellulosic biomass can be conducted under non-sterile conditions with ethanol yields comparable to those achieved under sterile conditions. Optimised inhibitor levels can be achieved by controlling the water/biomass ratio of a lignocellulosic biomass during and after pretreatment, for example by washing the fiber fraction of a previously pretreated lignocellulosic biomass with a pre-defined amount of fresh water or recycled process solutions. Crude extracts of liquid fraction or process solutions from pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass can also provide an effective anti-baterial treatment for first generation starch fermentations.

Abstract: Microorganisms that co-consume glucose with non-glucose carbohydrates, such as xylose, and methods of using same. The microorganisms comprise modifications that reduce or ablate the activity of a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) protein or modifications that reduce or ablate the activity of a phosphoglucose isomerase and a GntR. The PTS protein may be selected from an enzyme I (EI), an HPr, an FPr, and an enzyme IIGlc (EIIGlc). Additional modifications include reduction or ablation of the activity of a pyruvate formate lyase, a lactate dehydrogenase, and a fumarate reductase and inclusion of recombinant pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes. The microorganisms are particularly suited to co-consuming glucose and xylose in media containing these substrates and producing ethanol therefrom.

Abstract: This application describes non-naturally occurring host cells for enhanced 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BDO) production, methods for producing 1,3-BDO using such non-naturally occurring host cells, and 1,3-BDO products produced by such non-naturally occurring host cells and methods.

Abstract: Processes and methods of manufacturing an areca fruit product. One process may include the steps of providing a plurality of areca fruits, drying the plurality of areca fruits, dehusking the plurality of areca fruits to obtain a plurality of areca nuts, chopping, shredding or grinding the plurality of areca nuts into a multiplicity of areca nut particles, introducing the multiplicity of areca nut particles into a tank containing water, agitating the multiplicity of areca nut particles to create a slurry, determining an amount of arecoline in the slurry and pumping the water having the predetermined amount of arecoline through a filter and into a holding tank and evaporating the arecoline from the water. Additional steps include fermentation, distillation, pasteurization, and cold pressing of the arecoline to produce a synthetic nicotine and/or botanical pesticide.

Abstract: A method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass having a lignin component, a hemicellulose component, and a cellulose component, for conversion to sugar is disclosed. Also disclosed is the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass resulting from the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for attaching an N-acetylgalactosamine-(hetero)arylmoiety to an N-acetylglucosaminemoiety, the process comprising the step of contacting the N-acetylgalactosamine-(hetero)arylmoiety with the N-acetylglucosaminemoiety in the presence of a mutant galactosyltransferase, wherein the N-acetylglucosaminemoiety is according to Formula (1) the N-acetylgalactosamine-(hetero)arylmoiety is according to Formula (2): In a particularly preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the N-acetylgalactosamine-(hetero)arylmoiety comprises a 1,3-dipole functional group, and the N-acetylglucosaminemoiety is a terminal GlcNAc moiety of a glycoprotein glycan. The invention further relates to a product obtainable by the process according to the invention, in particular to glycoproteins. Also, the invention relates to several compounds comprising an N-acetylgalactosamine-(hetero)arylmoiety.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for enhancing N-acetylglucosamine production by usage of a recombinant Bacillus subtilis with a glcK knockout. This invention enhanced the production of GlcNAc by knocking out the glcK gene which encodes a glucokinase, thus eliminating the GlcNAc phosphorylation to GlcNAc-6-P. The specific growth rate and content of GlcNAc in the supernatant of the recombinant Bacillus subtilis with the glcK knockout were 0.15 h?1 and 3.0 g/L, respectively, which were 2.32 times and 2.14 times of those of the control strain without glcK knockout. The recombinant Bacillus subtilis of the present invention would be potentially useful for industrial production of GlcNAc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for production of photosynthetic light-reaction products comprising photosynthetic membrane vesicles, and a production method for the photosynthetic light-reaction products by using the composition. In addition, the present invention relates to a preparation method for a photosynthetic light-reaction monomer comprising a step of isolating vesicles from the cell membrane of photosynthetic bacteria or algae.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein provides a novel use of an external membrane-based cell retention system in conjunction with perfusion cell culture for improved cell expression of recombinant proteins, particularly coagulation proteins such as rFVIII, B-Domain Deleted rFVIII, rFIX or rFVII/rFVIIa. The use of such a system at high cell density results in a more homogeneous cell culture due to mechanical forces induced during the operation of the retention system, such as the cell circulation induced by pumping through the fibers.

Abstract: Enzymatic biosensors and methods of producing distal tips for biosensor transducers for use in detecting one or more analytes selected from organic compounds susceptible to dehalogenation, organic compounds susceptible to oxygenation and organophosphate compounds susceptible to hydrolysis are disclosed herein, as well as biosensor arrays, methods of detecting and quantifying analytes within a mixture, and devices and methods for delivering reagents to enzymes disposed within the distal tip of a biosensor.

Abstract: Provided is a high-throughput coupled enzyme method of screening for a tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitor compound and/or an indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor compound, which method comprises: (a) reacting tryptophan with isolated IDO and/or isolated TDO in the presence of a test compound to form N-formylkynurenine; (b) reacting N-formylkynurenine from step (a) with isolated kynurenine formamidase to form kynurenine; and (c) detecting the kynurenine produced in step (b) and determining whether the test compound is a TDO and/or an IDO inhibitor compound or not from the presence or absence or quantity of the detected kynurenine, wherein step (a) is conducted in the presence of a reducing system suitable for converting IDO and/or TDO from the Fe3+ to the Fe2+ state, and which does not prevent the formation of kynurenine in step (c).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of identifying inhibitors against target receptor ?-glucoronidase. Three compounds were found to be completely non-cytotoxic while, the remaining compounds showed moderate cytotoxicity.

Abstract: The invention provides cellular assays for detecting the activity of one or more kinase from multiple conditions simultaneously, by encoding biochemically identical substrates with isotope labels that enable them to be distinguished in pooled samples by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: Microfluidic methods for barcoding nucleic acid target molecules to be analyzed, e.g., via nucleic acid sequencing techniques, are provided. Also provided are microfluidic, droplet-based methods of preparing nucleic acid barcodes for use in various barcoding applications. The methods described herein facilitate high-throughput sequencing of nucleic acid target molecules as well as single cell and single virus genomic, transcriptomic, and/or proteomic analysis/profiling. Systems and devices for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Abstract: A hydrogel network includes a hydrogel polymer having a coupling site, an oligonucleotide conjugated at a terminal end to the hydrogel polymer at the coupling site, and a functional moiety coupled between the terminal end of the oligonucleotide and the coupling site. Such a hydrogel network can be formed by a method including activating a coupling site of a substrate and binding a linker moiety coupled to a terminal end of an oligonucleotide to the activated coupling site, a functional moiety coupled between the terminal end of the oligonucleotide and the linker moiety.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the enrichment of target nucleic acid sequences present in low-abundance relative to corresponding non-target or reference nucleic acid sequence in a sample. In particular, the methods allow for a substantially greater level of detection sensitivity of target sequence by orders of magnitude enrichment of a low-abundance sequence.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a method of determining an antibiotic resistance profile for a bacterial microorganism and to a method of determining the resistance of a bacterial microorganism to an antibiotic drug, wherein the bacterial microorganism belongs to the species Escherichia coli (E. coli). The method includes determining a nucleic acid sequence information or determining the presence of a mutation of at least one gene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detecting an analyte in a sample, said method comprising a) contacting said sample with a set of proximity probes comprising at least first and second proximity probes, which probes each comprise an analyte-binding domain capable of binding directly or indirectly to said analyte and a nucleic acid domain, such that the proximity probes can simultaneously bind, directly or indirectly, to the analyte, wherein i) the nucleic acid domains of said first and second proximity probes comprise regions capable of mediating an interaction involving said domains when under permissive conditions; and ii) the nucleic acid domain of one of said first and second probes comprises an HCR initiator region comprised within a metastable secondary structure such that it is unable to initiate an HCR reaction until released from said metastable secondary structure; b) introducing permissive conditions to allow the nucleic acid domains of said first and second probes to interact with each o

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, kits, probes, and systems for distinguishing between nucleotide variants that are close in proximity on a gene. The methods, kits, probes, and systems can include the use of a small amplicon assay in combination with two unlabeled probes in a high resolution thermal melting analysis of a biological sample containing a locus of interest in order to discern between disease-causing and benign variants that are close in proximity on a gene within the biological sample. The present invention also relates to method of detecting a disease in a patient based on the patient's genotype by determining whether the patient has a disease-causing variant at a locus of interest. The signature melt curves produced by the unlabeled probe tests can be analyzed using HRMA software to distinguish between disease-causing and benign variants that are close in proximity on a gene within the biological sample.

Abstract: Peptide nucleic acids containing thymidine and 2-aminopyridine (M) nucleobases formed stable and sequence selective triple helices with double stranded RNA at physiologically relevant conditions. The M-modified PNA displayed unique RNA selectivity by having two orders of magnitude higher affinity for the double stranded RNAs than for the same DNA sequences. Preliminary results suggested that nucleobase-modified PNA could bind and recognize double helical precursors of microRNAs.

Abstract: The present invention reduces primer-dimer amplification in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). When a first forward primer (F1) and a second reverse primer (R2) have a complementary region at their 3?ends, primer dimers may form. The present method uses a primer comprising a 5?-end partial sequence or a full sequence of a first forward primer (F1?) in between a first tag (t1) and R2 to reduce the primer-dimer (F1_R2) amplification.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of amplifying a target nucleic acid utilizing duplex primer. The first strand of the primer comprises a random nucleotide sequence of about 6 to about 9 nucleotides in length that is able to hybridize to the target nucleic acid and a tag sequence. The second strand of the primer comprises a sequence complementary to the tag sequence allowing the primer to form a duplex and the ability to bind the tag sequence of the product nucleic acid for further amplification. The resulting nucleic acid produced contains tag sequences on both the 3?- and 5?-termini.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for rapid assembly of one or more assembled polynucleotides from a plurality of component polynucleotides, as well as methods of designing polynucleotide primer and linker sets useful in the assembly methods of the invention.

Abstract: Nucleic acid oligomeric sequences and in vitro nucleic acid amplification and detection methods for detecting the presence of HAV RNA sequences in samples are disclosed. Kits comprising nucleic acid oligomers for amplifying and detecting HAV nucleic acid sequences are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of identifying a nucleotide at a defined position and determining the sequence of a target polynucleotide using an electro-switchable biosensor, as well as devices comprising an electro-switchable biosensor and uses thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments encompass a single-molecule detection system and methods of using the detection system to detect an object. Further, embodiments encompass a detection system comprising a movable light coupler, a waveguide, and a light detector. Embodiments further encompass methods of single-molecule detection, including methods of single-molecule nucleic acid sequencing.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include systems, apparatus, and methods for detecting copy number variation (CNV) in the genomes of one or more patients. Samples of DNA may be taken from several patients, and then sections of the patients' DNA may be sequenced, e.g., through a process that may include, for each patient, one or more of: purifying, concentrating, fragmenting, labeling, filtering, and amplifying that patient's DNA. Fragments from several patients may be pooled, and the fragments in the pool may be sequenced. The sequencing data is then subjected to analysis, which includes several normalization steps. The normalized data are then examined to identify CNV, which is reported.

Abstract: A composition and method for controlled in vitro fragmentation of nucleic acids. A transposase forms catalytically active complexes with a modified transposon end that contains within its end sequence degenerate, apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, nicks, or nucleotide gaps, to fragment or shear a target nucleic acid sample in a controlled process. This method yields desired average nucleic acid fragment sizes. The inventive composition and method may be applied for generation of DNA fragments containing shortened transposon end sequences to facilitate subsequent reactions, for production of asymmetrically tailed DNA fragments, etc.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and systems are provided that allow for reliable sequencing of the initial sequence region of a sequence of interest. The methods of the invention allow for more reliable barcoding of subpopulations of nucleic acids to be sequenced.

Abstract: Dendrimer conjugates for determining membrane retention level and/or pore structure, methods of determining membrane level/pore structure, and kits including dendrimer conjugates are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sample processing apparatus comprising a holder for a microtiter plate comprising a plurality of microwells, optical measurement unit for measuring optical responses of samples dosed to the microwells, and a computing unit configured to analyze the optical responses in order to detect dosing failures in said plurality of microwells, and if a dosing failure has been detected in one or more of the microwells, to communicate the existence of the dosing failure to a user of the apparatus through signaling means or to store data indicative of the dosing failure to data storage means for further use. In particular, the invention relates to detecting dosing failures in before, during and after a PCR process.

Abstract: Ancestry has a significant impact on the major and minor alleles found in each nucleotide position within the genome. Due to mechanisms of inheritance, ancestral-specific information contained within the genome is conserved within members of an ancestry. For this reason, individuals within a specific ancestry are more likely to share alleles in their genomes with other members of the same ancestry. Functionally, the combination of alleles at all positions within a group of individuals defines that group as having a common ancestry. Moreover, the aggregation of differences between alleles at all positions distinguishes one ancestry from another. The genomic similarities and differences between ancestries provides a mechanism to generate reference genomes that are specific for each ancestry.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and kits used to identify an endogenously expressed target mRNA of a microRNA of interest. The method involves the use of a dominant negative GW182 polypeptide that forms a stable complex with the target mRNA. The method further involves purifying the complex and identifying the target mRNA.

Abstract: Short tandem repeat (STR) markers are genetic elements that are frequently used in the fields of forensic analysis, paternity determination and detection of genetic diseases and cancers. Such analysis involves the amplification of STR loci. Technically, this can be challenging due to sequence variations in the flanking regions of the locus. In the case of SE33, previous amplification efforts have failed. The present invention describes a set of primers for the amplification of SE33 and a method for the analysis of the presence and/or level of SE33, also in combination with other STRs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel compositions, methods, and systems for determining whether a subject has, or is at risk of developing, or is at a given stage of a condition afflicting a tissue of interest, or determining the tissue or cell provenance of a biological sample, based on expression level of one or more of the novel miRNA and isomiR sequences disclosed herein. The compositions, methods, and systems described herein can be used to diagnose a disease or disorder, or prognose a given stage and/or progression of the disease or disorder, or determine the identity of the tissue or cell in a sample. In some embodiments, the compositions, methods, and systems described herein can be used to develop a treatment for the disease or disorder. For example, in some embodiments, the novel miRNAs can be used as therapeutics for treatment of a disease or disorder.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the detection and treatment of ADHD are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides kits, methods, and apparatus for analysing a biological sample from an animal to predict (pre-symptomatically) and monitor the development of sepsis, utilising biomarker signatures, and especially biomarker signatures capable of providing a mean predictive accuracy of at least 92% to differentiate development of sepsis from non-sepsis.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for treating ophthalmic diseases and a screening method for an agent for treating ophthalmic diseases and the like. The present invention also provides a method for predicting rejection associated with transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cell to patients with ophthalmic diseases.

Abstract: In one aspect, provided herein are set of primers and use of the same for the detection of SNPs associated with diabetes. In certain embodiments, the primers used to detect SNP sites associated with diabetes comprise Primer Set 1 to Primer Set 47. The experiments show: the genotyping results of the SNP sites associated with diabetes can be accurately detected by the primers disclosed herein, and the risk of individuals can be comprehensively evaluated and the result is more accurate than the single site analysis. In addition, SNPs disclosed herein are verified as associated with type 2 diabetes and its complications, which are especially suitable for the prevention and individualized treatment for type 2 diabetes in East Asian, for example, in China.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new marker sequences for rheumatoid arthritis and the diagnostic use thereof together with a method for screening of potential active substances for rheumatoid arthritis by means of these marker sequences. Furthermore, the invention relates to a diagnostic device containing such marker sequences for rheumatoid arthritis, in particular a protein biochip and the use thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the diagnosis, and/or the classification, of a hematological disorder, including the steps of: a). measuring, the expression level of at least the genes of a sub-group of 6 genes, b). comparing the expression level of each genes measured in step a)., with the expression level of the same genes in healthy control sample, and c). determining the status of the biological sample.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for non-invasively detecting EGFR gene mutations in subjects, comprising the following steps: designing primers according to EGFR gene exons; extracting plasma DNAs in subjects; connecting the extracted plasma DNAs with tagging linkers; PCR pre-amplifying the tagging linkers connected plasma DNAs; cyclising the pre-amplified DNAs to obtain cyclised DNAs; PCR amplifying the cyclised DNAs using the designed primers; and high throughput sequencing the PCR amplified product and analyzing the EGFR gene mutations. The present invention also discloses a corresponding kit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of epigenetics. More specifically, the present invention provides methods and compositions useful for predicting response to epigenetic drug therapy. As described herein, we have identified a unique signature termed AZA Immune gene set or AIM that differentiates patients with a low immune and high immune signature and is regulated by epigenetic drugs such as demethylating drugs, histone deacetylase inhibitors. In certain embodiments, patients with a high immune signature may benefit from immunotherapies such as anti PD1 or anti PDL1 antibodies or vaccines. In other embodiments, patients with a low immune signature or low AIM would be patients who would then benefit from treatment with epigenetic drugs and then subsequent immunotherapy.

Abstract: This present disclosure provides a kit and method for detecting at least one KANSARL fusion transcript from a biological sample from a subject. The kit comprises at least one of the following components: (a) at least one probe, wherein each of the at least one probe comprises a sequence that hybridizes specifically to a junction of the at least one KANSARL fusion transcript; (b) at least one pair of probes, wherein each of the at least one pair of probes comprises: a first probe comprising a sequence that hybridizes specifically to KANSL1; and a second probe comprising a sequence that hybridizes specifically to ARL17A; or (c) at least one pair of amplification primers, wherein each of the at least one pair of amplification primers are configured to specifically amplify the at least one KANSARL fusion transcript.

Abstract: Single-stranded oligonucleotide probes, systems, kits and methods for chromosome enumeration, gene copy enumeration, or tissue diagnostics. The probes are particularly suited for detecting gene amplification, deletion, or rearrangement in tissue samples in a single, dual, or multiplexed assay. The probes exhibit improved performance compared to industry leading dual-stranded probes; particularly in terms of the rate of hybridization.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods and compositions for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disorders by examining samples containing microvesicles and miRs therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of specifically detecting IFN-?2 mRNA or IFN-?3 mRNA. There is provided a qRT-PCR method specifically detecting, discriminating and quantifying IFN-?2 and IFN-?3 mRNA in a biological sample obtained from a human. There is provided qRT-PCR methods and primers and probes that specifically detect IFN-?2 mRNA but not IFN-?3 mRNA and vice versa in humans in order to detect, quantify and discriminate IFN-?2 mRNA and IFN-?3 mRNA.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for obtaining plants that exhibit useful traits by transient suppression of the MSH1 gene of the plants. Methods for identifying genetic loci that provide for useful traits in plants and plants produced with those loci are also provided. In addition, plants that exhibit the useful traits, parts of the plants including seeds, and products of the plants are provided as well as methods of using the plants.