Abstract: A method for producing direct reduced iron having increased carbon content, comprising: providing a carbon monoxide-rich gas stream; and delivering the carbon-monoxide-rich gas stream to a direct reduction furnace and exposing partially or completely reduced iron oxide to the carbon monoxide-rich gas stream to increase the carbon content of resulting direct reduced iron. The carbon monoxide-rich gas stream is delivered to one or more of a transition zone and a cooling zone of the direct reduction furnace. Optionally, providing the carbon monoxide-rich gas stream comprises initially providing one of a reformed gas stream from a reformer and a syngas stream from a syngas source. Optionally, the carbon monoxide-rich gas stream is derived, at least in part, from a carbon monoxide recovery unit that forms the carbon monoxide-rich gas stream and an effluent gas stream.

Abstract: An apparatus of adding high vapor pressure magnesium to a steel liquid, includes a magnesium additive device and a tube furnace. The magnesium additive device includes a storage barrel, a conveying pipe, a control valve, and an insertion tube. A method of adding high vapor pressure magnesium to a steel liquid, includes placing the magnesium additive device in the tube furnace, and delivering pure magnesium particles into the storage barrel. When the temperature at the mediate lower position of the conveying pipe is increased to reach a preset value, the control valve is opened to pour the pure magnesium particles into the conveying pipe to form a magnesium vapor, and an argon regulating valve is opened to introduce the argon into the conveying pipe so as to add the magnesium vapor to a steel liquid by carrying of the argon.

Abstract: A secondary material for steel refining is to be supplied to a molten iron together with a lime so as to promote a desulfurization reaction in the molten iron. The secondary material for steel refining contains aluminum nitride in an amount of 20 wt % or more in terms of weight percentage.

Abstract: The present invention has as its object to provide thickness 60 ?m or less ultra-thin stainless steel foil which secures high thickness precision and simultaneously secures plastic deformability and good elongation at break, that is, secures good press-formability (deep drawability). The present invention solves this problem by ultra-thin stainless steel foil which has three or more crystal grains in a thickness direction, has a recrystallization rate of 90% to 100%, and has a nitrogen concentration of a surface layer of 1.0 mass % or less. For this reason, there is provided a method of production of stainless steel foil comprising rolling stainless steel sheet, then performing final annealing and making a thickness 5 ?m to 60 ?m, wherein a rolling reduction ratio at rolling right before final annealing is 30% or more, a temperature of final annealing after rolling is 950° C. to 1050° C. in the case of austenitic stainless steel and 850° C. to 950° C.

Abstract: In a method for the production of a seamless, multilayered tubular product, a further layer is applied through hardfacing on a base layer of a round or polygonal block, with the further layer made of a metallic material which is different than a metallic material of the base layer. The round or polygonal block with hardfaced further layer is hot formed to produce a tubular product with reduced wall thickness and outer perimeter in one or more stages. A diffusion layer is established between the base layer and the further layer through heat treatment before hot forming and/or after hot forming, thereby producing a thickness of the diffusion layer of at least 5 ?m with the proviso that the thickness of the diffusion layer is 0.1% to 50% of a thickness of the further layer, with the thickness of the further layer being equal to or greater than 100 ?m.

Abstract: To provide a piston ring of low-alloy steel having excellent nitridability, namely, a piston ring of low-alloy steel having excellent thermal conductivity and capable of being provided with a sufficient nitrided layer, steel comprising by mass 0.45-0.65% of C, 0.15-0.35% of Si, 0.65-1.00% of Mn and 0.60-1.10% of Cr as indispensable alloy elements, and less than 0.35% of Mo, less than 0.25% of V and less than 0.001% of B as optional alloy elements, the total amount of the indispensable alloy elements and the optional alloy elements being less than 3.0% by mass, is formed into a piston ring; and the nitrided layer is formed on its surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a high-strength hot-dip galvannealed steel sheet excellent in bake hardenability and bendability and having a component composition containing, in mass %, C: from 0.05 to 030%, Si: from 0.5 to 3.0%, Mn: from 0.2 to 3.0%, P: from 0 to 0.10%, S: from 0 to 0.010%, N: form 0 to 0.010%, and Al: from 0.001 to 0.10%, with the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities. The steel sheet has a steel structure containing, in terms of area percentage, martensite: form 50 to 85% and ferrite: 0% or more and less than 5%, with the remainder being bainite. The steel sheet has a dislocation density of 5.0×1015 m?2 or more, a solute carbon amount of 0.08 mass % or more and a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more.

Abstract: Provided are a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet and a method for manufacturing the steel sheet. The steel sheet includes C: 0.060% or more and 0.140% or less, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.30% or more and 2.50% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.0050% or less, Al: 0.070% or less, N: 0.010% or less, Ti: 0.060% or more and 0.140% or less, Cr: 0.10% or more and 0.50% or less, B: 0.0002% or more and 0.0020% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, in which the relationship 5.0?18C+Mn+1.3Cr+1500B?6.0 is obtained. The microstructure includes a bainite phase in an amount of more than 90% one, two, or all of a ferrite phase, a martensite phase, and a retained austenite phase in an amount of less than 10%.

Abstract: A filament according to an aspect of the present invention includes a predetermined chemical composition, in which a diameter r of the filament is 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm, a soft portion is formed along an outer circumference of the filament, the Vickers hardness of the soft portion is lower than that of a position of the filament at a depth of ¼ of the diameter r by Hv 50 or higher, the thickness of the soft portion is 1 ?m to 0.1×r mm, the metallographic structure of a center portion of the filament contains 95% to 100% of pearlite by area %, the average lamellar spacing of pearlite in a portion from a surface of the filament to a depth of 1 ?m is less than that of pearlite at the center of the filament, the difference between the average lamellar spacing of pearlite in the portion from the surface of the filament to the depth of 1 ?m and the average lamellar spacing of pearlite at the center of the filament is 2.0 nm or less, and the tensile strength is 3200 MPa or higher.

Abstract: Process to recover copper from a process feed including one or more feed components containing a base metal sulphidic feed, iron, copper and arsenic. Process feed and aqueous quench solution are introduced to a pressure oxidative leaching step with a partial pressure of oxygen above 200 kPa to form free sulphuric acid, to solubilize copper and other metal in the feed as aqueous sulphate compounds and to precipitate arsenic as solid iron arsenic compounds. A treated slurry comprising a liquid phase containing sulphuric acid and copper sulphate, and solids containing the iron arsenic compounds is withdrawn and the liquid phase is separated from the solids. To lessen arsenic re-dissolution and to maintain stability of the solid iron arsenic compounds, one or more of temperature, free acid level and residence time of the treated slurry is controlled. Copper metal is recovered from the separated liquid phase.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are disclosed for improved recovery of metal from hot and cold dross, wherein a dross-treating furnace is provided with a filling material with good capacity to store heat. This filling material is preheated to a desired temperature by injection of an oxidizing gas to burn non-recoverable metal remaining in the filling material after tapping of the recoverable metal contained in the dross and discharging of the treatment residue. When dross is treated in such furnace, the heat emanating by conduction from the filling material is sufficient to melt and separate the recoverable metal contained in the dross, without addition of an external heat source, such as fuel or gas burners, plasma torches or electric arcs and without use of any salt fluxes.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for purification of 225Ac from irradiated 226Ra-targets provided on a support, comprising a leaching treatment of the 226Ra-targets for leaching essentially the entirety of 225Ac and 226Ra with nitric or hydrochloric acid, followed by a first extraction chromatography separating 25Ac from 226Ra and other Ra-isotopes and a second extraction chromatography for separating 225Ac from 210Po and 210Pb. The finally purified 225Ac can be used to prepare compositions useful for pharmaceutical purposes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a, comprising a tubular element (10) with at least one heat-affected zone (14), characterized by a yield strength Rp0.2 in the heat-affected zone (14) of at least 640 MPa and a tensile strength Rm in the heat-affected zone of at least 850 MPa and by at least the tubular element (10) consisting of a steel alloy consisting, in weight percent: C 0.12-0.22% Mn 1.5-2.5% Si 0.45-0.85% Cr ??<1.5% V ?0.04% B 0.0010-0.0040% Ti ??0.02-0.1% und optionally Mo ???0.6%, balance iron and impurities resulting from smelting.

Abstract: Method for the manufacturing of products with anodized high gloss surfaces from extruded profiles of Al—Mg—Si or AS-Mg—Si—Cu, where the alloys initially are cast to extrusion billets), containing in wt. % Si: 0.25-1.00 Mg. 0.25-1.00 Fe: 0.00-0.15 Cu: 0.00-0.30 Mn: 0.00-0.20 Cr: 0.00-0.10 Zr: 0.00-0.10 Se: 0.00 -0.10 Zn: 0.00-0.10 Ti: 0.00-0.05., and including incidental impurities and balance A.L a) where the billet is homogenised at a holding temperature between 480° C. and 620° C. and soaked at this temperature for 0-12 hours, where after the billet is subjected to cooling from the homogenisation temperature at a rate of 150° C./h or faster, b) the billet is preheated to a temperature between 400 and 540° C.

Abstract: An aluminium alloy for the manufacture of semi-finished products or components of motor vehicles, a method for the manufacture of a strip made of an aluminium alloy according to the invention, a corresponding aluminium alloy strip or sheet as well as a structural component of a motor vehicle consisting of an aluminium alloy sheet which includes the following alloy components in % by weight: 0.6%?Si?0.9%, 0.6%?Fe?1.0%, Cu?0.1%, 0.6%?Mn?0.9%, 0.5%?Mg?0.8%, Cr?0.05%, the remainder Al and impurities, individually up to a maximum of 0.05% by weight, in total up to a maximum of 0.15% by weight.

Abstract: In a method for making a wrought nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy having homogeneous, two-phase microstructures the alloy in ingot form is subjected to a homogenization treatment at a temperature between 2025° F. and 2100° F. , and then hot worked at start temperature between 2025° F. and 2100° F. The alloy preferably contains 18.47 to 20.78 wt. % chromium, 19.24 to 20.87 wt. % molybdenum, 0.08 to 0.62 wt. % aluminum, less than 0.76 wt. % manganese, less than 2.10 wt. % iron, less than 0.56 wt. % copper, less than 0.14 wt. % silicon, up to 0.17 wt. % titanium, less than 0.013 wt. % carbon, and the balance nickel.

Abstract: The present invention, in some embodiments, is a method of forming an O temper or T temper product that includes obtaining a coil of a non-ferrous alloy strip as feedstock; uncoiling the coil of the feedstock; heating the feedstock to a temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 10 degrees Fahrenheit below a solidus temperature of the non-ferrous alloy; and quenching the feedstock to form a heat-treated product having am O temper or T temper. The non-ferrous alloy strip used in the method excludes aluminum alloys having 0.4 weight percent silicon, less than 0.2 weight percent iron, 0.35 to 0.40 weight percent copper, 0.9 weight percent manganese, and 1 weight percent magnesium.

Abstract: Each of the moving blocks of the plate crossbow correction device includes distance sensors and electromagnets, and plate crossbow is corrected by adjusting electromagnetic force by the electromagnets in accordance with distances to strips. The moving blocks are movable in the horizontal direction and ratios of moving distances of the moving blocks are adjusted to be constant when seen from a central position.

Abstract: An inner surface-modified tube includes fine particles that are buried in an inner surface of a tube with part of surfaces of the fine particles exposed, wherein the fine particles are unevenly distributed such that more fine particles are distributed in a region from a center of the tube to the inner surface of the tube than in a region from the center of the tube to an outer surface of the tube based on a thickness direction of the tube, an arithmetic average roughness Ra of the inner surface of the tube is 1 nm or more and 100 ?m or less, a particle diameter of each fine particle is 10 nm or more and 100 ?m or less, and an inner diameter of the tube is 0.01 mm or more and 100 mm or less.

Abstract: Coating processes and coated components are disclosed. A coating process includes applying a suspension to an operationally-used surface, the suspension having one or more solvents, nano-materials, a plasticizer, a binder, and a dispersant suspending nano-materials within the suspension, applying heat to the suspension thereby removing liquids from the suspension, wherein solids are maintained on the surface after the applying of the heat, and sintering the solids on the surface to produce a coating. A coated component includes a substrate and a coating formed on the substrate by sintering of solids, the solids being positioned by application and heating of a suspension to an operationally-used surface, the suspension having one or more solvents, nano-materials, a plasticizer, a binder, and a dispersant suspending nano-materials within the suspension.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an electric current sinterable material containing a minority portion being significantly more electrically conductive than the primary material being sintered. This includes forming an inorganic body or sintered coating as well as an apparatus for and method of making use of such a variable composition powder. An electrical current is used to cause a combined energy and temperature profile sufficient for powder-powder sintering. This preferred method for powder-substrate bonding is referred to as flame-assisted flash sintering (FAFS).

Abstract: A low sludge trivalent chromium based conversion coating bath is provided which forms corrosion resistant coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys by immersion in aqueous solutions containing trivalent chromium ions and fluorometallate ions followed by optional rinsing. Trivalent chromium coated aluminum also serves as an effective base for paint primers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for forming a coating layer using a physical vapor deposition apparatus equipped with a sputtering apparatus and an arc ion plating apparatus, comprising: a first coating step of forming a Mo coating layer on a base material using a the sputtering apparatus and a Mo target and Ar gas; a nitrating step of forming a nitride film forming condition using an arc ion plating apparatus and Ar gas and N2 gas; a second coating step of forming a nano composite coating layer of Cr—Mo—N using the Mo target and Ar gas of the sputtering apparatus and the Ar gas, N2 gas and a Cr source of the arc ion plating apparatus at the same time; and a multi-coating step of forming a multi-layer having alternating Cr—Mo—N nano composite coating layers and Mo coating layers by revolving the base material around a central pivot.

Abstract: In a method of physical vapor deposition (PVD), a first arrangement of material patterns can be deposited on different parts of a substrate in the same deposition chamber or vessel via a first number of shadow masks, or one pattern at a time can be deposited on different parts of the substrate using the same shadow mask. A second arrangement of material patterns can be deposited on different parts of the substrate in another deposition chamber or vessel via a second number of shadow masks. The each material pattern of the second arrangement of material patterns are deposited so as to not overlap a material pattern of the first arrangement of material patterns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hard coating film that is formed on a substrate, that is provided with a layer (A) of which the composition is [Ti(BCN)] and a layer (B) of which the composition is [TiAl(CN)], [AlCr(CN)], [TiCrAlSi(CN)], or [TiSi(CN)], and that is characterized in that: a foundation layer comprising the layer (B) is formed on the substrate; an adhesion-reinforcing layer in which the layer (A) and the layer (B) are stacked repeatedly in an alternating manner is formed on the foundation layer; the thickness of the layer (A) increases compared to the foundation layer (2) side as the thickness of the adhesion-reinforcing layer increases; and the maximum thickness of the layer (A) is 20-50 nm. The hard coating film is formed on the substrate surface of a jig tool or the like, has high coating film hardness, and exhibits excellent adhesion and wear resistance during cutting and the like.

Abstract: A structure for a hardened optically transmissive material including a hard coating is provided. The structure for the hardened optically transmissive material including the hard coating includes a substrate, and an aluminum oxide film disposed over the substrate, wherein the aluminum oxide film is grown to between 100 nanometers (nm) and 5 microns (um). The aluminum oxide film demonstrates a hardness greater than 10 gigapascals (GPa) as measured by nanoindentation, and the aluminum oxide film exhibits a transparency value such that at least 84 percent of light waves transmit through the aluminum oxide film for light waves within a range of wavelengths.

Abstract: A target is formed of a sintering-resistant material of high-melting point metal alloy, high-melting point metal silicide, high-melting point metal carbide, high-melting point metal nitride or high-melting point metal boride comprising a structure in which a material formed of a sintering-resistant material of high-melting point metal alloy, high-melting point metal silicide, high-melting point metal carbide, high-melting point metal nitride or high-melting point metal boride and a high-melting point metal plate other than the target are bonded. A production method of such a target is provided. Further the generation of cracks during the target production and high power sputtering, and the reaction of the target raw material with the die during hot pressing can be inhibited effectively, and the warpage of the target can be reduced.

Abstract: The manufacturing cost of a sputtering target is reduced and the impurity concentration of the manufactured sputtering target is also reduced. A method of manufacturing a sputtering target includes: surface-treating at least one of a used sputtering target and a scrap material; melting at least one of the used sputtering target and the scrap material after the surface treatment to form an ingot; and manufacturing a sputtering target by subjecting the ingot to forging, rolling, heat treating, and machining.

Abstract: The use of non-mass analyzed ion implanter is advantageous in such application as it generates ion implanting at different depth depending on the ions energy and mass. This allows for gaining advantage from lubricity offered as a result of the very light deposition on the surface, and at the same time the hardness provided by the intercalated ions implanted below it, providing benefits for cover glass, low E enhancement, and other similar materials. In further aspects, ion implantation is used to create other desirable film properties such anti-microbial and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus for alternately performing a first plasma processing step using first and second processing gases and a second plasma processing step using third and fourth processing gases. The apparatus includes: a processing container that has a dielectric window in a ceiling and removably accommodates a workpiece; an exhaust unit that evacuates the processing container; a processing gas supply unit that supplies the first, second, third, and fourth processing gases into the processing container; a first gas introduction unit including a top plate gas injection port, a dielectric window gas flow path, and a first external gas flow path; a second gas introduction unit including a sidewall gas injection port, a sidewall gas flow path, and a second external gas flow path; an electromagnetic wave supply unit that supplies electromagnetic waves into the plasma generating space; a bypass exhaust path; and an opening/closing valve.

Abstract: A gas barrier film includes a substrate film and an inorganic layer, in which the inorganic layer includes Si, N, H, and O, the inorganic layer includes a uniform region having a thickness of more than 5 nm at the center in a thickness direction, in the uniform region, a ratio of Si, N, H, and O is uniform and an O proportion is low, and either or both interface-contact regions of the inorganic layer are oxygen-containing regions in which the O proportion represented by the expression “O Proportion: (Number of O/Total Number of Si, N, and O)×100%” increases in a direction from the uniform region side to an interface and in which a variation of the 0 proportion per unit thickness is 2%/nm to 8%/nm.

Abstract: A method for dispensing powder includes: providing a device for dispensing powder, the device including a framework, warps connected to the framework, a trough for receiving powder, an actuating member for displacing at least one of the framework and the trough, and an action source for the powder to be detached from the warps and dispensed on an object; supplying the powder to the warps and generating an electric field for the powder to carry an electric charge and become charged powder; and providing a force, by the action source, to at least one of the framework and the warps for the charged powder to be detached from the warps, the charged powder moving dependent on the electric field and being dispensed on the object. The warps have equal amounts of charged powder carried thereon, allowing the charged powder to be distributed evenly.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes: a process chamber; a rotary table provided within the process chamber so as to place a substrate on a surface of the rotary table; a first process gas supply region including a first process gas supply part that supplies a first process gas to the substrate; a second process gas supply region including a second process gas supply part that supplies a second process gas to the substrate; first and second exhaust ports provided below the rotary table; and a conductance reduction part that reduces conductance in the vicinity of the first exhaust port in a route along which the second process gas flows toward the first exhaust port through a communication space, the communication space being generated by upward movement of the rotary table and allowing the first exhaust port and the second exhaust port to communicate with each other.

Abstract: A pedestal and a method for controlling the same, a tray, and a process chamber are provided. The pedestal comprises: a barrier (12), defining a plurality of areas, in which the plurality of areas are electrically insulated and thermally insulated from each other; a plurality of subbases (11), disposed in the plurality of areas respectively; and a control device, configured for controlling a temperature and/or a power of each subbase (11).

Abstract: An atomic layer deposition apparatus and an atomic layer deposition system, capable of reducing space for installing the apparatus and significantly improving production speed by forming a thin film on a surface of each of a plurality of rectangular substrates by rotating the substrates with respect to a gas spray portion, with the substrates being supported by one substrate support portion. The atomic layer deposition apparatus includes: a vacuum chamber; a gas supply portion, which is provided above or below the vacuum chamber, and which supplies gas so that a thin film is deposited on a surface of each of substrates; and a substrate support portion, which is provided in the vacuum chamber so as to horizontally rotate about the gas supply portion, and which supports the two or more rectangular substrates arranged in the circumferential direction with respect to the center of rotation of the substrate support portion.

Abstract: A temperature controlled showerhead for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chambers enhances heat dissipation to enable accurate temperature control with an electric heater. Heat dissipates by conduction through a showerhead stem and fluid passageway and radiation from a back plate. A temperature control system includes one or more temperature controlled showerheads in a CVD chamber with fluid passageways serially connected to a heat exchanger.

Abstract: A film-forming processing apparatus includes a first heater heating an entire heat treatment region of a substrate, a second heater heating the substrate to have an in-plane temperature distribution having a concentric shape, a gas supplier supplying a process gas to a rotary table; and a control part outputting a control signal for executing a first step of setting a rotation position of the rotary table such that the substrate on the rotary table is placed in a position corresponding to the second heater and forming the in-plane temperature distribution having the concentric shape on the substrate by heating the substrate by the second heater, and a second step of performing a film forming process on the substrate by rotating the rotary table in a state where a heating energy received by the substrate from the second heater is smaller than that in the first step.

Abstract: Methods of depositing uniform films on substrates using multi-cyclic atomic layer deposition techniques are described. Methods involve varying one or more parameter values from cycle to cycle to tailor the deposition profile. For example, some methods involve repeating a first ALD cycle using a first carrier gas flow rate during precursor exposure and a second ALD cycle using a second carrier gas flow rate during precursor exposure. Some methods involve repeating a first ALD cycle using a first duration of precursor exposure and a second ALD cycle using a second duration of precursor exposure.

Abstract: A reaction chamber includes a reactor wall, a susceptor contacting the reactor wall to define a reaction space and a gas flow control device and a showerhead member stacked between the reactor wall and the susceptor. The showerhead member includes a gas channel and a showerhead. Penetration holes are formed through a protruding lateral portion of the gas flow control device, and the reactor wall and a lateral portion of the showerhead member are spaced apart from each other to form a gas discharge path. Gas remaining in the gas discharge path is discharged through the penetration holes and a gas outlet formed in an upper portion of the reactor wall. The reaction chamber provides a reaction space and the gas discharge path from which unnecessary regions are removed to rapidly change gases from one to another, and thus atomic layer deposition may be performed with high efficiency and productivity.

Abstract: A chemical deposition apparatus having conductance control, which includes a showerhead module having a faceplate and a backing plate, the showerhead module including a plurality of inlets which deliver reactor chemistries to a cavity and exhaust outlets which remove reactor chemistries, a pedestal module configured to support a substrate and which moves vertically to close the cavity between the pedestal module and an outer portion of the faceplate, and at least one conductance control assembly, which is in fluid communication with the cavity via the exhaust outlets. The at least one conductance control assembly selected from one or more of the following: a ball valve assembly, a fluidic valve, magnetically coupled rotary plates, and/or a linear based magnetic system.

Abstract: An installation and a method for applying coatings to automotive enlarged pieces are disclosed. The installation comprises an elevated conveyor, wherein the enlarged pieces are vertically hanged up; a formation section of an anticorrosive coating on the surface of the enlarged piece; a drying section of the enlarged piece on which the coating has been formed; a masking section wherein some portions of the piece are covered; a paint application section wherein the enlarged piece is coated with paint; an unmasking section of the piece in which the previous masked portions are uncovered; wherein the elevated conveyor continuous and vertically conveys the enlarged pieces along each of the sections in the installation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal plating solution comprising at least one source of metal ions and detonation nanodiamonds, wherein the detonation nanodiamonds are substantially free of negatively charged functionalities, and to a method for producing the solution. The present invention further relates to metal plating method and to a metallic coating comprising metal and detonation nanodiamonds substantially free of negatively charged functionalities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating metal surfaces with an acidic aqueous conversion composition which contains: in total 0.01 to 1 g/l of TiF62+, ZrF62+ and/or HfF62 calculated as ZrF62+, 0 or 0.01 to 1 g/l in each case of Fe2+, Mn and/or Zn ions, of which at least one type of these ions is present in a content range from 0.01 to 1 g/l, 0 or 0.01 to 2 g/l of organic polymer and/or copolymer, 0 or 0.01 to 2 g/l of ultrafme particulate SiO2, approximately 0 or 0.01 to 10 g/l of at least one surfactant, approximately 0 or 0.05 to 10 g/l of anions of carbonate, nitrate and/or sulphate, and 0 or 0.001 to 2 g/l of carboxylate and/or sulphonate anions, wherein the content of molybdate and/or of P-containing oxy anions is in each case <0.1 g/l or is approximately 0 g/l, and wherein the composition has a pH value in the range from 2.5 to 6.5. The invention also relates to a corresponding coating and to the use of the substrates coated in this way.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes: a base including cemented carbide containing Cr; and a coating layer including a Ti-based layer including at least a layer of Ti(Cx1Ny1Oz1) (0?x1?1, 0?y1?1, 0?z1?1, x1+y1+z1=1), an Al2O3 layer, and an outermost layer of Ti(Cx3Ny3Oz3) (0?x3?1, 0?y3?1, 0?z3?1, x3+y3+z3=1), and a content of Cr contained at a first Ti-based layer of the Ti-based layer is lower than a content of Cr contained in the base, and higher than a content of Cr contained at the Al2O3 layer, and a content of Cr contained at the outermost layer is higher than the content of Cr contained at the Al2O3 layer in a glow-discharge emission spectrometry.

Abstract: A slurry composition for polishing tungsten is provided. The slurry composition for polishing tungsten may include a water-soluble polymer, abrasive particles and an etching adjuster.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for reducing the concentration of reactive silica in a first composition comprising adding a first amount of a calcium salt and a second amount of a magnesium salt to the first composition to form a solid silicate composition comprising one or more silicates, wherein the first composition comprises an aqueous solution; and a significant portion of the reactive silica in the first composition is converted to one or more silicate in the solid silicate composition.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell that receives an inlet stream of air and produces an outlet stream of a high oxygen concentration of gas. The cell is made up of a plurality of layers and preferably a porous electrolyte comprised of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) that allows only oxygen ions to pass therethrough and which is covered on its sides with electrodes comprised of lanthanum strontium manganate (LSM) which in turn are coated with a layer of platinum to aid in the even distribution of the electrical current. An electrical current is passed through the electrodes to produce a voltage difference therebetween. The layers of YSZ and LSM are formed by a sol-gel process.

Abstract: Some examples of a method for manufacturing an electrode material for electrolytic hydrogen generation are described. Tungsten salt and nickel salt are mixed in a determined molar ratio on a carbon support by effectively controlling synthesis temperature and composition. Water and adsorbed oxygen, produced by mixing the tungsten salt and nickel salt are removed. Then, methane gas is flowed over the mixture resulting in the electrode material. The electrode material is suitable for use as a catalyst in electrolytic hydrogen generation processes, for example, at an industrial scale, to produce large quantities of hydrogen.

Abstract: Localized excess protons are created with an open-circuit water electrolysis process using a pair of anode and cathode electrodes for a special excess proton production and proton-utilization system to treat a substrate material plate/film by forming and using an excess protons-substrate-hydroxyl anions capacitor-like system. The technology enables protonation and/or proton-driven oxidation of plate/film and/or membrane materials in a pure water environment. The present invention represents a remarkable clean “green chemistry” technology that does not require the use of any conventional acid chemicals including nitric and sulfuric acids for the said industrial applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of simultaneously recovering cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) from lithium-based BATTERY, and more particularly, to a method that is capable of simultaneously recovering cobalt and manganese from lithium-based BATTERY, i.e., recycled resources that contain large amounts of cobalt and manganese, with high purities using multistage leaching and electrowinning methods. According to the method of the present invention, cobalt and manganese can be simultaneously recovered from lithium-based BATTERY as recycled resources, and a recovery method that is cost-effective compared to conventional methods can be provided.