Abstract: A micro titre plate comprising a number of wells filled with separation matrix. According to the invention the volume of the separation matrix is varied between at least some of the wells.

Abstract: A fluidic centripetal apparatus for testing components of a biological material in a fluid is presented. The fluidic centripetal device is adapted to be received within a rotatable holder. The apparatus comprises a fluidic component layer having fluidic features on at least a front face and a bottom component layer bonded to a rear of the fluidic component layer thereby creating a fluidic network through which the fluid flows under centripetal force. In one embodiment, the fluidic feature may be a bottom-fillable chamber coupled to an entry channel for receiving the fluid, the chamber inlet being provided at an outer side of the bottom-fillable chamber.

Abstract: A process for the identification of genetic material in a biological liquid sample and including the steps of injecting into a reaction vessel containing freeze dried PCR reagents and labelled primers sufficient pure water to liquify the reagents and primers; injecting the biological liquid sample into the reaction vessel; subjecting the reaction vessel contents to a cell disruption process, in the said reaction vessel; conducting pathogen specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the contents of the reaction vessel; and monitoring the PCR and determining therefrom the presence of a specific genetic material. A device for performing the process comprises a heat reduction module (HRM); a peltier cell (TEC) the base plate whereof is contiguous with the HRM; a reaction vessel receiving heat transfer sleeve contiguous with a working face of the TEC; retention means for holding a reaction vessel in the sleeve; and means for driving the TEC.

Abstract: Drop-to-drop connection schemes are described for putting a microfluidic device in fluidic communication with a fluid source or another microfluidic device. Methods for establishing fluid connections with guide mechanisms are described.

Abstract: The invention provides a passive fluidics circuit for directing different fluids to a common volume, such as a reaction chamber or flow cell, without intermixing or cross contamination. The direction and rate of flow through junctions, nodes and passages of the fluidics circuit are controlled by the states of upstream valves (e.g. opened or closed), differential fluid pressures at circuit inlets or upstream reservoirs, flow path resistances, and the like. Free diffusion or leakage of fluids from unselected inlets into the common outlet or other inlets at junctions or nodes is prevented by the flow of the selected inlet fluid, a portion of which sweeps by the inlets of unselected fluids and exits the fluidics circuit by waste ports, thereby creating a barrier against undesired intermixing with the outlet flow through leakage or diffusion. The invention is particularly advantageous in apparatus for performing sensitive multistep reactions, such as pH-based DNA sequencing reactions.

Abstract: A serviceable system for handling fluids in microgravity includes supply reservoirs to hold a supply fluid for a process, a fluid processing unit to perform the process and a collection reservoir to collect a fluid from the fluid processing unit. Each supply reservoirs is provided with a supply valve assembly of valves and conduits, and at least one external conduit that is connectable to an external fluid source or to an external suction source. The supply valve assembly is configured to enable individually: flow of the supply fluid from the supply reservoir to the fluid processing unit, flow of a fluid into the supply reservoir from the external conduit; withdrawal of fluid from supply reservoir to the external conduit, and flow of fluid from the external conduit to the fluid processing unit.

Abstract: A system includes a non-vertical channel containing a fluid forming a fluid meniscus having a capillary length and a contact angle ?. The channel in cross-section has a perimeter length |?| and an area |?|. The cross-section of the non-vertical channel is selected so as to define a constant Lagrange multiplier ?, where ?=|?|cos ?/|?|. A functional ?[?*]?|?*|?cos ?|?*|+(1/a2)G*+?|?*| is minimised to define a minimum value ?0=Min?. At a critical transition where ?=0, the fluid defines a smooth arc of length [?*] that divides the cross-section of the channel into two parts. |?*| is the cross-sectional area of the fluid, which has a curve of length |?*| in contact with the channel, and G* represents a vertical position of the centre of mass of the fluid multiplied by the cross-sectional area |?*|. How far the fluid meniscus extends along the channel is controlled by one or more parameters of the functional ?[?*].

Abstract: System, including methods, apparatus, and kits, for forming and concentrating emulsions. An exemplary system may comprise a device including a sample well configured to receive sample-containing fluid, a continuous-phase well configured to receive continuous-phase fluid, a droplet well, and a channel network interconnecting the wells. The system also may comprise an instrument configured to operatively receive the device and to create (i) a first pressure differential to produce an emulsion collected in the droplet well and (ii) a second pressure differential to decrease a volume fraction of continuous-phase fluid in the emulsion, after the emulsion has been collected in the droplet well, by selectively driving continuous-phase fluid, relative to sample-containing droplets, from the droplet well.

Abstract: A droplet producing device includes an outer tube; and an inner tube that is arranged inside the outer tube and feeds a droplet raw material, in which an inner tube discharge port opens to an inner tube tip portion formed on a downstream in a fluid feed direction, an outer tube discharge port opens to an outer tube tip portion formed on the downstream in the fluid feed direction, and in which a gap is formed between the outer tube and the inner tube.

Abstract: System, including methods, apparatus, and kits, for forming emulsions. An exemplary system may comprise a device including a sample well configured to receive sample-containing fluid, a continuous-phase well configured to receive continuous-phase fluid, and a droplet well. The device also may include a channel network having a first channel, a second channel, and a third channel that meet one another in a droplet-generation region. The system also may comprise a holder for the device. The system further may comprise an instrument configured to operatively receive an assembly including the device and the holder and to drive sample-containing fluid from the sample well to the droplet-generation region via the first channel, continuous-phase fluid from the continuous-phase well to the droplet-generation region via the second channel, and sample-containing droplets from the droplet-generation region to the droplet well via the third channel.

Abstract: A method of determining the result of an assay in a microfluidic device includes the steps of: dispensing a sample droplet onto a first portion of an electrode array of the microfluidic device; dispensing a reagent droplet onto a second portion of the electrode array of the microfluidic device; controlling actuation voltages applied to the electrode array to mix the sample droplet and the reagent droplet into a product droplet; sensing a dynamic property of the product droplet; and determining an assay of the sample droplet based on the sensed dynamic property. The dynamic property is a physical property of the product droplet that influences a transport property of the product droplet on the electrode array. Example dynamic properties of the product droplet include the moveable state, split-able state, and viscosity based on droplet properties. The method may be used to perform an amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay.

Abstract: A nucleic acid amplification reaction container includes: a flow path which is formed between a first inner wall surface and a second inner wall surface that opposes the first inner wall surface, and has the longitudinal direction in the direction along the first inner wall surface, in which the distance between the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface is the distance by which nucleic acid amplification reaction liquid comes into contact with both of the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface in a case where the nucleic acid amplification reaction liquid is guided therein, and in which, in the section which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the flow path, the length in the direction parallel to the first inner wall surface is 5 times or more the distance between the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a gravity aided grinding mill apparatus may include an intake for receiving a grinding media and a grindable material. A first elongated runner may be in communication with the intake, and a first doubleback coupling may be in communication with the first elongated runner. Grinding media and grindable material may travel in a first direction across the first elongated runner into the first doubleback coupling and the first doubleback coupling may change the direction of travel of grinding media and grindable material into a second direction. A second elongated runner may be in communication with the first doubleback coupling, and the second elongated runner may receive the grinding media and grindable material traveling in the second direction from the first doubleback coupling. The grinding media and grindable material may be communicated from an output and across a grizzly screen.

Abstract: A cryogenic grinding apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a material charge, a low-temperature embrittling device for embrittling the charged ground material by supplying liquid low-temperature gas, a mill for grinding the low-temperature embrittled ground material in an atmosphere containing the low-temperature gas, and a separating device. The separating device has a wind classifier, a removal device to remove the ground material from the mill-output volumetric flow, and a directing device to feed the removed ground material into a classifier-input volumetric flow and to discharge excess mill-output gas of the mill-output volumetric flow.

Abstract: A centrifuge rotor having a curved shape is offset on a spinning rotor base and creates contiguous areas of low to high centrifugal force depending on the distances from the axis of the rotor base and a method of separating components in a fluid based upon a difference in density of the components, the method comprising the steps of providing to a rotor as described herein the fluid containing the mixed together components to be separated based upon the difference in density of the mixed together components; continuously flowing the components in the fluid to the rotor through an input tube connected to the input port while the rotor is spinning about a centrifugal axis of rotation; separating the components in the fluid into fractions based upon the difference in density of the mixed together components with the use of centrifugal force when the rotor is spinning; collecting components having i) a first density via a first tube connected to the output port at the first end on the rotor, ii) a second density

Abstract: A centrifuge drum includes a drum lid, a drum base and a drum jacket. The drum jacket has discharge holes arranged in radial direction to a longitudinal axis. The drum lid and the drum base are arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis diametrically opposite the drum jacket and the drum lid. The drum base and the drum jacket enclose an inner space of the centrifuge drum. The centrifuge drum, in the installed state, is rotatable in the centrifuge around the longitudinal axis, and in the operating state is rotatable around the longitudinal axis by a drive with a predeterminable rotational speed. A filter medium is disposed at an inner peripheral surface of the drum jacket, the filter medium being fixed by a fixing arrangement to the inner peripheral surface of the drum jacket. The fixing arrangement includes a fixing socket extending along a socket axis, with a fixing collar.

Abstract: The invention relates to a centrifuge (10) comprising a housing (12), a rotor (32), a safety vessel (26) in which the rotor (32) is supported on a drive shaft (37) extending through the safety vessel (26) and a centrifuge cover (16) limiting an inner space (24) of the housing (12), wherein the safety vessel (26) is provided in the inner space (24), a gaseous coolant enters the inner space (24) via a suction opening (20), flows through the inner space (24), thereby guided laterally past the safety vessel (26) and at least sectionally past the drive motor via the rotor (32), and laterally exits the inner space (24) of the housing (12) through an outlet opening (46). The invention is characterized by a channel (41) being provided for the gaseous coolant, running around the safety vessel (26) at least in part and formed by the safety vessel (26) and at least one flow guidance (40), provided in radial direction.

Abstract: A separator assembly is provided for, among other things, separating debris particles from a fluid in a fluid system. In an embodiment, the separator assembly may include a housing forming an internal chamber. An inlet port may be in communication with the internal chamber of the housing, and the inlet port can be oriented in a tangential relationship relative to the internal chamber. A first debris separation ring may be disposed in the housing and can extend around an inner surface of the internal chamber. A second debris separation ring can be disposed in the housing and can extend around the inner surface of the internal chamber, wherein the second debris separation ring may be spaced from the first debris separation ring.

Abstract: A flexible nozzle head for an inflator includes a head-end housing, having an accommodating space for accommodating a nozzle head component; a pump-end housing, being fixedly connected to one end of a pump body of the inflator; and a hose, having one end airtightly overmolded with the head-end housing as an integer and having an opposite end airtightly connected to the pump-end housing. The head-end housing has a through hole communicated with the accommodating space and an axial channel of the hose. The pump-end housing has an interior thereof communicated with the axial channel of the hose.

Abstract: A single pushbutton device includes a housing, a bushing, a water channel assembly, and a rotary assembly. The bushing and the rotary assembly are mounted inside of the housing, the water channel assembly is mounted around of the rotary assembly, and a button is through a hole of the housing. When push down the button, a rotary sleeve of the rotary assembly is rotated, a bump of the rotary sleeve is rotated along multiple noses of the multiple abutting inserts of the water channel assembly to sequentially press down the abutting inserts, further open different waterways, and output water with different spray or bubbling forms. Given the foregoing structure, the single pushbutton device is compact, facilitates quick and convenient operation, and requires less force exerted thereon for operation.

Abstract: A switch valve includes a fixation portion and a water diversion plate, the fixation portion, a water diversion cavity connected to an inlet waterway, at least two diversion waterways, and a water diversion plate. A universal driving shaft is rotatably connected to the fixation portion and is inserted to the water diversion cavity. The driving mechanism is connected to the universal driving shaft. The water diversion plate and the universal driving shaft rotate synchronously. The bottom of the water diversion cavity is fixedly disposed with a first gear ring. The water diversion plate is fixedly disposed with a second gear ring which engages with the first gear ring. When the driving mechanism drives the water diversion plate to rotate in a preset angle, it slides along the universal driving shaft. The inlet waterway is switched to connect to the diversion waterways by the rotation of the water diversion plate.

Abstract: A handheld shower sprayer includes a spray head having a sprayer array and a turbine coupled to a brush, the spray head in communication with a first water line and second water line. The first water line directs the water supply around the turbine, while the second water line drives the turbine with the water supply before it exits the sprayer array. A diverter valve between the second water line and a soap reservoir allows a user to select the second water line and open the diverter valve, diverting some of the water supply against the soap reservoir, and urging the soap into the spray head while the brush moves.

Abstract: In one aspect, a sprinkler is provided having a nozzle, a deflector that receives fluid flow from the nozzle, and a friction brake assembly that controls rotation of a deflector. The friction brake assembly is releasably connected to the frame in order to enhance serviceability of the sprinkler. In another aspect, a sprinkler is provided having a frame, a deflector rotatably connected to the frame, a nozzle, and a nozzle socket of the frame. The nozzle and nozzle socket have interlocking portions that releasably connect the nozzle to the frame. The nozzle may be easily removed for servicing. Further, the nozzle socket can be configured to receive a plurality of nozzles having different flow characteristics. A nozzle can be selected and utilized with the sprinkler according to the desired application for the sprinkler.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for depositing a substance onto an article are disclosed, including apparatuses and methods of directly printing on and/or decorating three-dimensional articles, as well as the articles printed and/or decorated thereby. The apparatuses include a conveyor having at least a first station and a second station thereon or adjacent thereto. There is a first substance deposition device located at the first station and a second device, such as a functional device, located at the second station. The apparatus and method are such that at least at the first station where the first substance deposition device is located, a cycle of at least two intra-station movements occur between the article and the deposition device. The relative motion between the article and deposition device may be substantially in translation. The substance deposition device may deposit a substance on the article in an array during the intra-station movements to form different portions of a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: An electrostatic atomizing coating apparatus and method incorporate a rotary head having a base portion, an open end and a plurality of grooves formed radially on an inner peripheral surface of the open end, an inside diameter of the rotary head increasing from the base portion toward the open end, and a motor configured to rotate the rotary head to discharge a thread-shaped paint. A voltage is applied to the rotary head so as to form an electrostatic field between the open end of the rotary head and an earthed coating target and to electrostatically atomize the thread-shaped paint discharged from the open end. Voltage output from the generator is controlled so as to adjust an intensity of the electrostatic field and to control a particle diameter of the electrostatically atomized thread-shaped paint.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of aligning magnetic flakes, which includes: coating a substrate with a carrier having the flakes dispersed therein, moving the substrate in a magnetic field so as to align the flakes along force lines of the magnetic field in the absence of an effect from a solidifying means, and at least partially solidifying the carrier using a solidifying means while further moving the substrate in the magnetic field so as to secure the magnetic flakes in the carrier while the magnetic field maintains alignment of the magnetic flakes. An apparatus is provided, which has a belt for moving a substrate along a magnet assembly for aligning magnetic flakes. The apparatus also includes a solidifying means, such as a UV- or e-beam source, and a cover above a portion of the magnet assembly for protecting the flakes from the effect of the solidifying means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plastic injection molded cover for a liquid container for a spray gun. The cover includes an elongated tapered filter arranged in a connecting spout and including a filter frame which a integrally provided in one piece with the cover and into which a filter medium is embedded. The covers are stackable, wherein the filters are inserted into each other and can be longer than a distance of stacked covers.

Abstract: A dispenser for substances includes an outer shell with a deformable outer wall which encloses the deformable container arrangement and also comprising at least one balancing valve for balancing air, wherein an air filled interspace is provided between the outer wall and the container arrangement and substances are dispensed once the outer shell has been subjected to pressure, and wherein the container arrangement has at least two containers for the separate storage of liquid for pasty substances. For long term storage of the substances in particular an outlet portion of the container arrangement has a diffusion seal made from metal which is pierced and opened by the dispensing head using points just before the dispenser is being used.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compact container including a pump having a short stroke distance, which includes a container body 10 formed at one side thereof with a button 11 and a container lid 20 hinge coupled to one side of the container body 10, the compact container including; an inner container 30 formed therein with a content receiving space 31; a pump support plate 40 coupled to a top of the inner container 30 to seal the inner container 30 and provided at a center thereof with a cylinder 51; and a pump 50 installed on a center top part of the pump support plate 40 to pump a content and having a stroke distance of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, in which a ratio between the stroke distance and an inner diameter of the cylinder 51 is 1:5 to 1:13.

Abstract: A liquid dispenser having a replaceable liquid reservoir is provided. The dispenser may comprise a reusable body or shell, a reusable pump mechanism and a replaceable insert. The insert includes a liquid reservoir and an integral fitment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dispensing flowable fluids by dispensing the flowable fluid through a passageway leading to a discharge outlet in one stroke of a piston pump and, in a second opposite stroke of the piston pump, discharging air into the passageway to displace the fluid from the passageway through the outlet.

Abstract: A system for treating a surface of a structure includes a wheeled vehicle that is movable along a surface and includes at least one spray head attached to a vertically movable carriage.

Abstract: A fluid dispensing device includes an electrostatic discharge protection system. Accumulation and discharge of electrostatic energy created by operation of the device is reduced or prevented by the electrostatic discharge protection system without an earth ground connection. The electrostatic discharge protection system may include a number of features, such as a static wick, nonconductive components that electrically isolate the spray tip of the device, nonconductive isolation barriers, nonconductive fluid reservoir and suction tube components, a nonconductive coating of a control valve component, and a nonconductive spring retainer of the control valve.

Abstract: The invention is a tip guard with a removably attachable scraper and/or mil gauge.

Abstract: A mask assembly and an apparatus and method of manufacturing a display apparatus. The mask assembly includes a mask frame, a plurality of mask sheets arranged on the mask frame, and a support frame arranged on the mask frame and having a portion that contacts and supports the mask sheets.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid precursor delivery system that enables a thin film deposition process to be performed at a low temperature like 350° C. or lower in a process of manufacturing semiconductor devices or displays. The liquid precursor delivery system includes an aerosol generator, a vaporizer, and a vapor storage tank. The aerosol generator changes a liquid precursor into an aerosol precursor using ultrasonic vibrations. The vaporizer has a heater block in which a plurality of sloped plate-shaped heaters is arranged in a zigzag form and in which the aerosol precursor changes into a gas precursor by colliding with the heaters and thus obtaining heat energy. The vapor storage tank stores the gas precursor while maintaining a constant pressure and temperature of the gas precursor and delivers the gas precursor to a process chamber when a thin film deposition process is performed.

Abstract: An active flow control drag-induced damping reduction apparatus. The apparatus includes a variable frequency signal power supply; a jet generator defining an internal cavity and having pump member, and coupled to the variable frequency signal power supply to receive a control signal; a feedback sensor coupled to the pump member to generate a feedback signal measuring the reciprocating motion of the pump member; a detection circuit that receives the feedback signal and measures a difference compared to the variable frequency generator; and an adjustment circuit that receives the measured difference and tunes the variable frequency signal of the variable frequency signal power supply to maintain the jet generator at an optimum flow.

Abstract: A volatile material dispenser may include a housing adapted to hold a refill containing a volatile material and a nebulizer in communication with the refill and the volatile material within the refill, wherein the nebulizer is adapted to volatilize and emit the volatile material as nebulized particles. The nebulizer may include a piezoelectric element having a central aperture and first and second opposing surfaces and an orifice plate disposed adjacent the first surface of the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A fountain is provided. The fountain includes: a drape; a catch basin located below the drape and oriented to catch a fluid flowing at least one of over and through the drape; a conduit fluidly connected to the catch basin forming a circuit to return the fluid in the catch basin to flow at least one of over and through the drape; a pump fluidly connected to the circuit and configured to pump the fluid through the conduit; and at least one of the drape, catch basin, conduit includes surface oriented to contact the fluid and the surface includes at least one of copper and silver.

Abstract: An improved fluid dispensing device for cooking uses is presented, comprised of a clear glass tube with a silicon ball advanced by a threaded rod. The silicon ball in the tube provides a secure seal to prevent leakage and loss of valuable oils and extracts during dispensing.

Abstract: A substrate is held and rotated in a horizontal attitude by a rotation holder. A coating liquid is supplied by a coating liquid supplier to a surface to be processed of the substrate rotated by the rotation holder. A first removal liquid is supplied by a first removal liquid supplier to a first annular region at a peripheral portion of the substrate rotated by the rotation holder before the coating liquid supplied by the coating liquid supplier loses fluidity. In this state, a supply position of the first removal liquid by the first removal liquid supplier is moved from an inner edge to an outer edge of the first annular region.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for depositing a substance onto an article are disclosed, including apparatuses and methods of directly printing on and/or decorating three-dimensional articles, as well as the articles printed and/or decorated thereby. The apparatuses include a conveyor having at least a first station and a second station thereon or adjacent thereto. There is a first substance deposition device located at the first station and a second device, such as a functional device, located at the second station. The apparatus and method are such that at least at the first station where the first substance deposition device is located, a cycle of at least two intra-station movements occur between the article and the deposition device. The relative motion between the article and deposition device may be substantially in translation. The substance deposition device may deposit a substance on the article in an array during the intra-station movements to form different portions of a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus for a fiber-reinforced composite material, comprising: a roller that is rotated to convey a fiber and impregnate the fiber with a resin, in order to manufacture the fiber-reinforced composite material from the fiber; a supply portion that is configured to supply the resin to a surface of the roller; a rotating shaft member that is connected with the roller; a bearing that is configured to support the rotating shaft member such that the rotating shaft member is rotated about an axial direction of the rotating shaft member, accompanied with rotation of the roller; a housing that has an intake port provided to take in a gas and an exhaust port provided to discharge the gas and that is configured to place part of the rotating shaft member and the roller inside thereof; and a blower that is configured to blow the gas from the intake port into the housing, wherein the gas taken in from the intake port is blown in a direction opposite to the bearing to at least part of the surface of the ro

Abstract: A method for creating a functional coating on a substrate in vacuum from a deposited monomer material in absence of oxygen and/or radiation from a radiation source. The substrate may be preliminarily activated with inert gas to form an activated layer thereon. The method may include depositing a fluorine containing monomer having a first CF3:CF2 ratio, and forming, on the substrate, the self-assembled polymer coating that has a second CF3:CF2 ratio, where the first and second CF3:CF2 ratios are equal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a hard coat laminated film including a first hard coat, a second hard coat, and a transparent resin film layer in order from the outermost surface layer side, wherein the first hard coat is formed of a coating material containing no inorganic particles; the second hard coat is formed of a coating material containing inorganic particles; and the hard coat laminated film satisfies the following requirements: (i) the total light transmittance is 85% or more; and (ii) the pencil hardness of the surface of the first hard coat is 5H or higher.

Abstract: A method for producing a building material includes a first step of applying a first ultraviolet-curable paint onto an inorganic material containing a woody reinforcement and incompletely curing the first ultraviolet-curable paint, a second step of applying a second ultraviolet-curable paint and completely curing the second ultraviolet-curable paint, a third step of polishing the completely cured second ultraviolet-curable paint to smoothen a surface of the completely cured second ultraviolet-curable paint, and a fourth step of applying an enamel paint and curing the enamel paint. In the second step, the second ultraviolet-curable paint is applied while the first ultraviolet-curable paint is incompletely cured.

Abstract: Provided is a syringe with which it is possible to hold with greater stability a liquid inside the barrel while maintaining the slidability and air-tightness between the barrel and the gasket without requiring fixation of silicone oil, and which is excellent in terms of accuracy of visual inspection. The syringe has a resin barrel, a gasket slidably inserted inside the barrel, a plunger attached to the gasket, and a silicone film obtained by applying silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity of 500 to 10,000 cSt over the inner peripheral surface of the barrel in an amount of 5 to 50 ?g per 1 cm2 of area.

Abstract: In order to reduce manufacturing cost and required energy largely and to improve weather resistance, a heat-shielding property, hydrophilicity, a nonflammable property, chemical resistance, flexibility, a handling property, and a surface printing excellent characteristic, in a nonflammable sheet, a resin layer including a first fluorocarbon resin containing a vinylidene fluoride copolymer, an acrylic copolymer, and titanium oxide, and a second fluorocarbon resin containing a vinylidene fluoride polymer, a siloxane polymer, and a crosslinked acrylic polymer is formed on a surface of a woven fabric formed of a nonflammable fiber.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer includes a first electrode; a silicon oxide film disposed on the first electrode; and a vibration film including a silicon nitride film disposed on the silicon oxide film with a space therebetween and a second electrode disposed on the silicon nitride film so as to oppose the first electrode.

Abstract: CMOS Ultrasonic Transducers and processes for making such devices are described. The processes may include forming cavities on a first wafer and bonding the first wafer to a second wafer. The second wafer may be processed to form a membrane for the cavities. Electrical access to the cavities may be provided.