Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for viscosity measurement of non-Newtonian fluid for in-line measurement and process control. The process involves mixing additives to a base fluid to form the non-Newtonian fluid. The non-Newtonian fluid is fed to an in-line viscosity measurement device to obtain a rheological measurement. The addition of the additives to the base fluid is then adjusted based on the rheological measurement. A system for accomplishing the same is also disclosed.

Abstract: A drilling fluid and method for drilling in a coal containing formation with a mixed metal-viscosified drilling fluid including at least 0.05% calcium sulfate.

Abstract: A drilling fluid and method for drilling in a coal containing formation. The method includes: providing a mixed metal-viscosified drilling fluid including at least 1% potassium salt; circulating the drilling fluid through the well; and drilling into a coal seam.

Abstract: The environmentally safe filtration control agent for drilling fluids is an additive for aqueous drilling fluids to reduce the loss of fluids from the mud cake to the pores of the formation during the drilling of oil and gas wells. The additive may be powdered grass formed by drying grass and grinding the dried grass to micron-sized particles; date seed powder formed by grinding the seeds of date plants to micron-sized particles; or grass ash powder formed by dried grass burnt in a furnace and ground to micron-sized particles. The filtration control agent is generally present in the drilling fluid as a concentration between 0.25 ppb and 2 ppb, optimally between 1.0 ppb and 2.0 ppb, depending on the agent. An exemplary drilling fluid includes water, bentonite, and the fluid control agent.

Abstract: A method comprising (a) first, preparing a grout additive fluid comprising a fresh water base fluid and a grout additive control package comprising a primary additive selected from the group consisting of an inhibitor, a dispersant, a thermally conductive material, and any combination thereof, wherein at least about 90% of the dispersant and the inhibitor are dissolved in the fresh water base fluid; (b) second, introducing an aqueous swellable clay into the grout additive fluid, thereby forming a final grout fluid; and (c) third, introducing the final grout fluid into an annulus in a subterranean formation, the annulus formed between an exterior of a geothermal well loop tubular and the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A treatment fluid for treating a portion of a water- sensitive subterranean formation comprising: a base fluid; and a stabilizing compound, wherein the stabilizing compound reduces or eliminates swelling of a water-swellable mineral of the portion of the water-sensitive subterranean formation, and wherein the stabilizing compound comprises: (A) a cationic functional group; and (B) a hydrophobic portion. A method of treating a portion of a water-sensitive subterranean formation comprising: introducing a treatment fluid into a wellbore, wherein the wellbore penetrates the subterranean formation, wherein the portion of the subterranean formation comprises a water-swellable mineral.

Abstract: A breaker fluid for breaking a filtercake in a wellbore. The fluid including a hydrolysable ester of carboxylic acid, and a chelant, an alkyl glycoside, or a combination thereof. The breaker fluid may be pre-mixed and include an amount of water less than required to completely hydrolyze the ester.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition comprising an active chemical agent adsorbed into a non-water-soluble carrier composed, at least in part, of corn grit. The present composition is useful for inhibiting scale or other undesirable formations. The composition may be introduced into the target during the stimulation or production treatment of an oil or gas well. The composition may be formed by adsorbing a liquid chemical agent onto a solid substrate of corn-based material called corn grit. The crush resistance and liquid-insolubility of corn grit help enable the composition to release the treatment chemical into the well over time. The liquid chemical combined with the solid substrate can be used as a well treatment agent for scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, non-emulsifiers, halite inhibitors, wettability modifiers, paraffin and asphaltene inhibitors, and water and oil-soluble tracers.

Abstract: Methods, systems and compositions reduce or prevent the formation of asphaltene deposits by controlling the precipitation of asphaltene. An asphaltene inhibitor is utilized comprising an aromatic core. The asphaltene inhibitor is introduced into a well or pipeline. The method of utilizing the inhibitor may include the use of a downhole continuous injection process or squeeze treatment. A method of reducing asphaltene scale deposition including adding an asphaltene scale deposition squeeze treatment inhibitor to a hydrocarbon reservoir is provided. The asphaltene scale deposition squeeze treatment inhibitor may be added to the hydrocarbon reservoir by a squeeze treatment process.

Abstract: Asphaltene formation in a hydrocarbon-bearing zone is mitigated with the injection of nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nano-fluid composition for use in a method for enhanced oil recovery comprising a sultaine compound, a solvent or mixture of solvents comprising hydrocarbons having 5 to 12 carbons, and nanoparticles selected from Magnesia, Alumina and Zinc Oxide. The present invention provides also a novel method for enhanced oil recovery involving injection of the said nano-fluid composition into a subterranean formation and obtaining material comprising petroleum from a subterranean formation downhole.

Abstract: A method for improving mobility of heavy crude oil in a subterranean reservoir is provided. A fluid formulation can be introduced into the reservoir, the fluid formulation comprising water and a surfactant, and optional co-solvents. The fluid formulation can produce one or more of a dispersion and an emulsion in the reservoir, whereby the surfactant acts as an dispersant or emulsifying agent, emulsifier and/or drag reducing agent. The emulsion or the dispersion can have a water external phase and a crude oil internal phase.

Abstract: A method for demulsifying an emulsion of oil and water including the step of contacting the emulsion with a composition that includes an amphoteric surfactant and a solvent. Demulsifying compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The invention is directed to systems and methods for forming and using proppant particles having desirable attributes.

Abstract: The present invention provides modified proppants, and methods for their manufacture. In embodiments, the modified proppant comprises a proppant particle and a hydrogel coating, wherein the hydrogel coating is applied to a surface of the proppant particle and localizes on the surface to produce the modified proppant. In embodiments, formulations are disclosed comprising the modified particles, and methods are disclosed for using the formulations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon-based fluorescent nano-agent tracers for analysis of oil reservoirs. The carbon-based fluorescent nano-agents may be used in the analysis of the porosity of a formation. The nanoagents are suitable for injection into a petroleum reservoir and may be recovered from the reservoir for the determination of hydrocarbon flow rates and retention times.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon nanostructure including a plurality of organic molecules that are decomposition products of an organic solvent. The carbon nanostructure includes a carbon nanostructure core and a plurality of organic molecules bound to and grown on the carbon nanostructure core, wherein the carbon nanostructure core is a combination of the organic molecules.

Abstract: A quantum dot includes a seed and a core enclosing the seed. The core is grown from the seed to improve size uniformity of the core. The seed includes a first compound without Cd. The first compound may be GaP. The core may include a second compound including elements from group XIII and group XV. The second compound may be InP. The quantum dot may also include a first shell of a third compound enclosing the core. The third compound may be ZnSe or ZnS. The quantum dot may also include a second shell of a fourth compound enclosing the first shell. The fourth compound may be ZnS when the third compound is ZnSe. Embodiments also relate to a quantum dot including first to third elements selected from XIII group elements and XV group elements and fourth to sixth elements selected from XII group elements and XVI group elements.

Abstract: A phosphor is disclosed. In an embodiment a phosphor includes an inorganic substance which includes, in its composition, at least an element D, an element A1, an element AX, an element SX and an element NX where D includes one, two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, alkali metals and Yb, A1 includes one, two or more elements selected from the group consisting of divalent metals not included in D, SX includes one, two or more elements selected from the group consisting of tetravalent metals, AX includes one, two or more elements selected from the group consisting of trivalent metals, and NX includes one, two or more elements selected from the group consisting of O, N, S, C, Cl, and F, wherein the inorganic substance has the same crystal structure as Sr(SraCa1?a)Si2Al2N61.

Abstract: Mixed halide scintillation materials of the general formula AB(1-y)MyX?wX?(3-w), where 0?y?1, 0.05?w?1, A may be an alkali metal, B may be an alkali earth metal, and X? and X? may be two different halogen atoms, and of the general formula A(1-y)BMyX?wX?(3-w), where 0?y?1, 0.05?w?1, A maybe an alkali metal, B may be an alkali earth metal, and X? and X? are two different halogen atoms. The scintillation materials of formula (1) include a divalent external activator, M, such as Eu2+ or Yb2+. The scintillation materials of formula (2) include a monovalent external activator, M, such as Tl+, Na+ and In+.

Abstract: A method for producing a nitride fluorescent material having high emission luminance can be provided. The method includes heat-treating a raw material mixture containing silicon nitride, silicon, an aluminium compound, a calcium compound, and a europium compound.

Abstract: A phosphor is represented by the general formula aMIX.MII1-xMIMVO4:(Re)x where MI is at least one atomic element selected from the group consisting of K, Li, Na, Rb, Cs, Fr, Cu, and Ag, with K being essential; MII is at least one atomic element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Sn; MV is at least one atomic element selected from the group consisting of P, V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb, and Bi; X is at least one halogen element, with F being essential; Re is at least one atomic element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements, with Eu being essential; and a is in the range 0.6?a?1.4.

Abstract: A quantum dot includes a seed and a core enclosing the seed. The core is grown from the seed to improve size uniformity of the core. The seed includes a first compound without Cd. The first compound may be GaP. The core may include a second compound including elements from group XIII and group XV. The second compound may be InP. The quantum dot may also include a first shell of a third compound enclosing the core. The third compound may be ZnSe or ZnS. The quantum dot may also include a second shell of a fourth compound enclosing the first shell. The fourth compound may be ZnS when the third compound is ZnSe. Embodiments also relate to a quantum dot including first to third elements selected from XIII group elements and XV group elements and fourth to sixth elements selected from XII group elements and XVI group elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photo-alignment composition for the alignment of liquid crystals. Further the present invention relates to the liquid crystal alignment film and coating layer prepared from the said composition and the use to fabricate optical and electrooptical elements and devices.

Abstract: A bulge-resistant coke drum includes: a cylindrical section; a cap connected to an upper end of the cylindrical section; a bottom, and a knuckle connecting the bottom and the cylindrical section. The cylindrical section includes a plurality of arcuate segments attached together by vertical welds. Each arcuate segment includes a plurality of arcuate plates attached together by circumferential welds. The circumferential welds of each arcuate segment are offset from the circumferential welds of each adjacent arcuate segment.

Abstract: A system includes a heat exchange system and a power generation system. The heat exchange system includes first, second, and third heat exchangers each operable as a continuous source of heat from a delayed coking plant. The first and second heat exchangers heat first and second fluid streams to produce heated first and second fluid streams, respectively. The heated second fluid stream has a lower temperature and a greater quantity of heat than the heated first fluid stream. The third heat exchanger heats a third fluid stream to produce a heated third fluid stream that includes the heated first fluid stream and a hot fluid stream. The heated third fluid stream has a lower temperature than the heated first fluid stream. The power generation system generates power using heat from the heated second and third fluid streams.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the isomerization of a light naphtha with a view to forming high octane number gasolines, said process using a deisopentanizer and a deisohexanizer which are thermally integrated in a manner such as to reduce the consumption of the high temperature utilities employed in the process.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for removing sulfur compounds from a fuel containing sulfur compounds. The method includes contacting the fuel with an adsorbent that comprises a carbonaceous material doped with nanoparticles of aluminum oxide to reduce the concentrations of the sulfur compounds. The carbonaceous material is at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide, and the adsorbent has a weight ratio of C to Al in the range from 3:1 to 30:1, and a weight ratio of C to O in the range from 1:1 to 10:1.

Abstract: A non-oxidized diesel desulfurization process that uses temperature swing adsorption along with an adsorbent to adsorb sulfur compounds and other impurities petroleum-based from fuel compositions, including light distillates, middle distillates, diesel, gasoline and transmix. The process uses temperature cycling of an adsorbent bed to adsorb and desorb organosulfur compounds and other impurities. Once the adsorbent reaches a selected concentration of sulfur compounds, the temperature of the adsorbent bed is raised to desorb sulfur compounds, using a regenerant.

Abstract: Configurations and related processing schemes of direct or indirect (or both) inter-plants heating systems synthesized for grassroots medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries to increase energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste heat sources are described. Configurations and related processing schemes of direct or indirect (or both) inter-plants heating systems synthesized for integrated medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries and aromatics complex for increasing energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste sources are also described.

Abstract: Configurations and related processing schemes of inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter-plants' direct or indirect heating systems synthesized for grassroots medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries to increase energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste heat sources are described. Configurations and related processing schemes of inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter-plants' direct or indirect heating systems synthesized for integrated medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries and aromatics complex for increasing energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste sources are also described.

Abstract: Configurations and related processing schemes of specific inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter-plants waste heat recovery schemes for thermal energy consumption reduction in integrated refining-petrochemical facilities synthesized for grassroots medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries to increase energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste heat sources are described. Configurations and related processing schemes of specific inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter-plants waste heat recovery schemes for thermal energy consumption reduction in integrated refining-petrochemical facilities synthesized for integrated medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries and aromatics complex for increasing energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste sources are also described.

Abstract: Uses for a family of new crystalline molecular sieves designated SSZ-91 are disclosed. Molecular sieve SSZ-91 is structurally similar to sieves falling within the ZSM-48 family of molecular sieves, and is characterized as: (1) having a low degree of faulting, (2) a low aspect ratio that inhibits hydrocracking as compared to conventional ZSM-48 materials having an aspect ratio of greater than 8, and (3) is substantially phase pure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing BTX comprising pyrolysis, aromatic ring opening and BTX recovery. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process installation to convert a pyrolysis feedstream into BTX comprising a pyrolysis unit, an aromatic ring opening unit and a BTX recovery unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process that employs glycerol and a catalyst for partial transformation of heavy petroleum oils to lighter hydrocarbon liquids under mild conditions without the need of external hydrogen gas. The process uses industrially produced glycerol to upgrade heavy crudes; hydrogenates aromatics to paraffin and/or olefins without the use of external hydrogen gas; operates at mild operating conditions; and employs inexpensive catalysts. This process is completely different from the hydroconversion process where high pressurized hydrogen gas is essential. The present process requires no pressurized hydrogen gas and can significantly reduce both operating and capital costs of the traditional hydrotreating process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for hydro cracking of heavy oils. More particularly, this invention relates to a catalytic process for converting heavy oils, such as vacuum gas oil (VGO) and VGO containing a high proportion of vacuum resid (VR) to middle distillate products.

Abstract: A method of controlling the supply and allocation of hydrogen gas in a hydrogen system of a refinery integrated with olefins and aromatics plants to convert crude oil into petrochemicals. The method includes one or more supply sources that provide hydrogen at individual rates, purities, pressures and costs, multiple consumption sites that consume hydrogen at individual rates, purities and pressures and an interconnecting hydrogen distribution network. The method further includes the integration of hydrogen consuming process units with hydrogen producing process units in which hydrogen recovered from the effluents from the hydrogen consuming process units and hydrogen recovered from the hydrogen producing process units are re-used in the hydrogen consuming process units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated process to convert crude oil into petrochemical products comprising crude oil distillation, hydrocracking, aromatization and olefins synthesis. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process installation to convert crude oil into petrochemical products comprising a crude distillation unit, a hydrocracker, an aromatization unit and a unit for olefins synthesis.

Abstract: A method for obtaining crude oil products is proposed in which a gaseous stream (d) is formed from a first crude oil stream (b) and the gaseous stream (d) is at least partially subjected to a steam cracking process (1) in which a cracked gas stream (e) is produced which is at least partially quenched with a liquid hydrocarbon stream (f), thereby forming a quenching effluent (g). It is provided that at least part of the quenching effluent (g) is used to form a separation feed and that the separation feed is separated by distillation (5, 8) together with a second crude oil stream (c), forming distillation effluents (h, i, k, p, r). The separation feed is formed so that it contains hydrocarbons having one, two, three, four or more carbon atoms contained in the quenching effluent (g) and/or hydrocarbons formed from such hydrocarbons. The invention also relates to an apparatus (100) configured to carry out the method.

Abstract: A method for recalculating the solvent power of a light oil, SP(LO recalculated), is provided.

Abstract: A method for determining a relationship between the ratio of solvent power to critical solvent power and the threshold light paraffin content of a hydrocarbon fluid is provided. The method comprises: dividing the plurality of hydrocarbon fluids into subgroups, based on the ratio of solvent power to critical solvent power; for each of the subgroups, determining the threshold light paraffin content, said threshold light paraffin content being the light paraffin content of the hydrocarbon fluids at the point at which the fouling tendency of the hydrocarbon fluids exceeds a fouling threshold; and determining a relationship between the ratio of solvent power to critical solvent power and the threshold light paraffin content.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include a feedstock preparation system that includes a solid feedstock mill including a housing having a chamber. The solid feedstock mill also includes a solids breakup assembly at least partially disposed inside the chamber. The solid feedstock mill further includes a feedstock inlet through the housing into the chamber and a plurality of feedstock outlets through the housing from the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating waste, such as municipal waste via pyrolysis and yielding one or more of heat energy; electrical energy and fuel. In some embodiments, waste feed stock can be municipal waste in black bag form. In some the present invention additionally provides for processing of hundreds of tons of municipal waste each day.

Abstract: A hybrid plasma reactor system that uses multiple sets of long electrodes that are placed longitudinally opposite each other within modular plasma units. The plasma units can be stacked to form an elongated plasma zone. The electrode assemblies extend into access ports. Each of the electrode assemblies has an electrode tip mounted in a tubular support jacket. A gas conduit for a supplied working gas surrounds at least a portion of the tubular support jacket. An arc is created at the electrode tip. A working gas flows through the gas conduit and is directed into the arc, therein creating plasma within the internal plasma zone.

Abstract: A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

Abstract: Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock.

Abstract: Low sulphur marine fuel compositions are provided. Embodiments comprise greater than 50 to 90 wt % of a residual hydrocarbon component comprising at least one of an atmospheric tower bottoms (ATB) residue and a vacuum tower bottoms residues (VTB), wherein the residual hydrocarbon component has a kinematic viscosity at ˜50 degrees C. of at least 100 cSt; and at least 10 and up to 50 wt % of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component comprising deasphalted oil (DAO), where the marine fuel composition has a kinematic viscosity at ˜50 degrees C. of at least 10 cSt. Embodiments of the marine fuel composition can have a sulphur content of about 0.1 wt % or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a novel method and machine for the production of a biomass composition from waste materials including the steps of evaluating the waste material for emissions related factors, treating the evaluated waste material with the additive composition to form a low emissions biomass composition and shaping the biomass composition into solid fuel formations. The present invention further provides an additive composition used in the treatment of the waste materials that comprises an emission sponge, a filler and optional BTU modifier. The treating step includes the steps of sizing selected waste materials, blending the sized waste materials with the additive composition formulated specifically for the waste material and forming with a press the blended waste materials into solid fuel formations. The resulting biomass solid fuel formations produce lower emissions than typically produced by coal and may be combined with, or used in place of coal in fuel burning structures and devices.

Abstract: A composition of fuel additives includes at least a first additive of a triazole derivative and a second additive of a quaternary ammonium salt. The disclosure also relates to a diesel fuel including such a composition and the use of a fuel for limiting deposits in a diesel engine. In particular, the fuel containing the composition of additives is used in direct-injection diesel engines.

Abstract: Oil compositions derived from transgenic soybeans having a high concentration of oleic acid are described for use in various applications including use to enhance the low temperature pour characteristics of engine fluids. Such oil compositions are useful as lubricants, rail curve grease and engine penetrants.