Abstract: A process for assessing at least one characteristic of a user's vision includes determining a characteristic of at least one camera of a mobile device; using the at least one camera, capturing at least one image of an object; determining, with reference to a portion of the at least one image composed of the object, a distance from the mobile device to the object at a time of capture of the at least one image; and receiving input from the user in response to material presented on the object.

Abstract: An epiretinal membrane (ERM) visualization system includes an OCT system operable to generate an OCT image of a region of a patient's eye, the region of the patient's eye including an ERM. The ERM visualization system further includes an image processing unit operable to process the OCT image to identify the ERM by differentiating the ERM from other structures within the region of the patient's eye and generate an ERM map depicting one or more characteristics (including at least a location of a portion of the ERM within the region of the patient's eye) of the identified ERM. The ERM visualization system further includes a display operable to display the ERM map.

Abstract: A method for detecting glaucoma in a subject based on spatial frequency analysis of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) as obtained from optical coherence tomography (OCT) image data is disclosed. Based on the spatial frequency content of the analyzed ILM profile, a quantity called the Retinal surface contour variability (RSCV) is calculated and the presence or absence of a glaucoma condition is determined based on the RSCV magnitude.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus includes a generation unit configured to generate 3D blood vessel data indicating a blood vessel in a fundus based on a plurality of tomographic image data indicating cross sections of the fundus, a boundary obtaining unit configured to obtain layer boundary data indicating at least one layer boundary based on 3D tomographic image data including the plurality of tomographic image data indicating the cross sections of the fundus, and a determination unit configured to determine a blood vessel intersecting with the layer boundary by comparing the 3D blood vessel data with the layer boundary data.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a fundus imaging apparatus includes a light source, an optical scanner, an optical fiber, a light guide system, a photodetector unit, and an image forming unit. The optical scanner scans the fundus of a subject's eye with light from the light source. The optical fiber includes a plurality of optical waveguides. The light guide system guides the light returning from the fundus to the entrance end of the optical fiber. The photodetector unit detects light output from each of at least three regions at the exit end of the optical fiber. The image forming unit forms a first image based on a detection result of light output from a first region of the at least three regions, and a second image based on detection results of light output from two or more regions of the at least three regions other than the first region.

Abstract: An electronic device includes one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs. The one or more programs include instructions for: initiating a first light source to emit first light; while the first light source emits the first light, receiving, at a first image sensor, a first image of light from the eye, transferred through the lens assembly and an array of lenses; initiating a second light source to emit second light; and, while the second light source emits the second light, receiving, at a second image sensor, a second image of light from the eye, transferred through the lens assembly. The first light emitted from the first light source is transferred toward an eye through a lens assembly. The second light emitted from the second light source is transferred toward the eye.

Abstract: Devices and methods for wavefront sensing and keratometry are described. A device includes a lens assembly, a wavefront sensor, and a keratometer. The wavefront sensor includes: the lens assembly; a first light source configured to emit first light and transfer the first light emitted from the first light source toward an eye through the lens assembly; an array of lenses that is distinct from the lens assembly; and a first image sensor configured to receive light, from the eye, transmitted through the lens assembly and the array of lenses. The keratomer includes: the lens assembly; a second light source that is distinct from the first light source and configured to emit second light and transfer the second light emitted from the second light source toward the eye; and a second image sensor configured to receive light, from the eye, transmitted through the lens assembly.

Abstract: One example discloses a health monitoring device, including: a communications circuit configured to receive a set of health sensor data based on a body surface; and a near-field antenna, coupled to the circuit, and conformally coupled to the body surface.

Abstract: A sensing device allows detection of biological quantities in ways that are minimally invasive. Micrometer or nanometer sized needles allow sensing of bodily fluids in a minimally invasive method. The device comprises electronics and power harvesting. Antennas or coils allow communication and power harvesting from an external device, which can be attached to smartphones to allow operation of a camera and camera light for biosensing.

Abstract: Axial stress or similar properties in a stressed tendon or ligament are measured by mechanical excitation of a shear wave in the tendon or ligament measured using ultrasonic displacement techniques at least two different longitudinal positions to derive a shear wave propagation speed. This shear wave propagation speed may be equated to an axial stress on the tissue using a model. Rapidly repeated measurements allow dynamic axial stress measurements to be obtained for clinical study.

Abstract: A clinical intravital microscope with a heavy base; a motorized, mechanized or manual cantilever arm; and a microscope and camera portion at the distal end of the cantilever arm is provided. A method for observing and/or recording conditions such as blood flow, vessel characteristics, such as vessel density, tumor structure, tumor size and dimensions, is provided such that a physician is permitted to observe such information and characteristics in real-time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method which can significantly increase the signal-to-noise ratio of an ultrasound-modulated optical signal by overcoming the shallow depth problem of in vivo optical imaging in existing optical imaging by use of a quantum optical phenomenon based on ultraslow light and nondegenerate phase conjugation and which can be applied directly not only to medical optical imaging, but also to medical photodynamic therapy, through slow light amplification of phase conjugate waves.

Abstract: A volumetric integral phase-shift spectroscopy (VIPS) device for detecting evidence of a stroke in a patient may include a frame including a housing, at least one VIPS receiver in the housing, circuitry in the housing coupled with the at least one VIPS receiver, two wrap-around ends, configured to wrap around the back of the patient's head and over the ears, a first VIPS transmitter in one of the two wrap-around ends, a second VIPS transmitter in the other of the two wrap-around ends, and a processor. The first and second VIPS transmitters and the at least one VIPS receiver may measure multiple phase shifts and/or multiple amplitudes in a fluid and/or a tissue in the patient's head. The processor may determine that the multiple phase shifts and/or multiple amplitudes matches a predefined stroke-specific VIPS signature and thus detect evidence of a stroke.

Abstract: A measurement probe includes: a plurality of optical fibers including an illumination fiber configured to propagate light to irradiate a measuring object and including a light receiving fiber configured to receive scattered light returned from the measuring object; and an optical member. The optical member is provided on an end portion of the measurement probe so as to face the measuring object, abuts on the plurality of optical fibers, and includes an exposed portion in which a part of a side portion of the optical member is exposed on an outside of the measurement probe, the side portion forming a surface of the optical member along a longitudinal direction of the measurement probe, the exposed portion being provided on an end portion of the optical member opposite to where the optical member abuts on the plurality of optical fibers.

Abstract: A catheter includes at least two optical sensors distributed along the catheter, each optical sensor comprising: a light pattern generator configured to project at a radial projection angle to the catheter at least one light pattern on the inner surface of an elongated volume into which the optical sensor is inserted; and an imaging device substantially aligned along a length of the optical sensor, the imaging device configured to observe the at least one light pattern on the inner surface of the elongated volume.

Abstract: An apparatus according to the present invention includes a processor processing characteristic distribution information derived from an acoustic wave generated from an object and which indicates specific values at a plurality of positions inside the object, wherein the processor: sets a first position of interest; acquires first weight distribution information which is related to a plurality of positions including the first position of interest; and acquires a substitute value for a specific value at the first position of interest using the first weight distribution information, the specific value at the first position of interest, and a specific value at a position that differs from the first position of interest among the plurality of positions.

Abstract: An object information acquisition apparatus, comprises a holding member that holds an object and to be movable relative to the object; a position acquirer that acquires information on a position of the object; a first controller that controls a position of the holding member; a measurement unit that receives acoustic waves from the object; a second controller that controls a position of the measurement unit; an information acquirer that acquires information of the object; and a storage unit that stores history information representing information on a contact state of the holding member with the object, wherein the first controller controls the position of the holding member independently of the control performed by the second controller and adjusts the contact state of the holding member with the object based on the history information.

Abstract: An apparatus according to the present invention includes: a conversion element for converting an acoustic wave generated from an object when irradiated with light, to a reception signal; a signal processing unit for acquiring specific information of the object using the reception signal; a status measuring unit for measuring a status of placement of the object; a determining unit for determining whether the object is placed at an appropriate position for a photoacoustic measurement using a measurement result of the status measuring unit; and a noticing unit for noticing a method of moving the object on the basis of a determination result of the determining unit.

Abstract: Devices and systems are provided to electrically and optically detect hemodynamic properties of a body. Such devices are configured to detect electrocardiographic signals and photoplethysmographic signals and to operate a single analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to sample one or more of each of such signals. This includes operating a multiplexer to connect electrical signals related to the detected optical and electrical properties to the single ADC during respective different sampling times or periods. This can include connecting the detected electrocardiographic signals and photoplethysmographic signals to the ADC during alternating periods of time. Using a single ADC to sample one or more of each of electrocardiographic signals and photoplethysmographic signals can provide samples of such signals that have a relative timing that is known, stable, and controllable.

Abstract: Vital sign sensor apparatuses which measures vital signs based on arterial pressure waveforms are described. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes an infrared sensor configured to capture at least a portion of an arterial pulse pressure waveform from a user. The apparatus further includes a processor configured to determine a maximum point for each of a plurality of peaks of the arterial pulse pressure waveform, and a corresponding first timestamp. The processor also determines one or more vital signs (e.g., a heart rate for a user, a heart rate variation of the user, a respiration rate of the user, and/or an arterial pulse pressure of the user) based at least in part on the plurality of maximum points and the plurality of corresponding timestamps. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also described.

Abstract: A non-invasive, optical-based physiological monitoring system is disclosed. In an embodiment, the non-invasive, optical-based physiological monitoring system comprises an emitter configured to emit light into a tissue site of a living patient; a detector configured to detect the emitted light after attenuation by the tissue site and output a sensor signal responsive to the detected light; and a processor configured determine, based on the sensor signal, a first physiological parameter indicative of a level of pain of the patient.

Abstract: A gatekeeper electronic signal can be generated by a patient sensor and/or in an intermediate device, such as an electrical cable, that is separate from a patient's physiological information electronic signal. The gatekeeper signal can be generated to indicate to a computer monitor that the sensor and/or cable is of the type that is compatible with, and/or usable with, such computer monitor, and/or that the sensor and/or cable is properly attached to the computer monitor. The gatekeeper signal can be created by an ambient temperature sensor on, or in electrical communication with, the patient monitor, and/or the gatekeeper signal can be created by a gatekeeper electronic signal generator to simulate an ambient temperature value. The gatekeeper signal can be separate from an electronic signal or plurality of signals that include patient physiological information, and the gatekeeper signal may not include any patient physiological information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a framework for facilitating thermal patient signal analysis. In accordance with one aspect, the framework receives patient signal data including thermal signal data. The framework then segments a waveform of the thermal signal data into portions and extracts thermal parameters based on the segmented portions. The framework then determines one or more thermal indices based at least in part on the thermal parameters and generates a report that presents cardiac event detection results determined based at least in part on the one or more thermal indices.

Abstract: A sensor device includes an implantable sensor unit, a transponder unit, and a wired connection flexibly and electrically connecting the implantable sensor unit and the transponder unit. The implantable sensor unit is adapted to be implanted into a body. The implantable sensor unit includes a comparator and a sensor adapted to sense a characteristic of the body in vivo. The sensor is adapted to supply an analogue signal to a first input of the comparator. The transponder unit is adapted to supply a control signal to the implantable sensor unit and to receive an output signal of the comparator. The implantable sensor unit is adapted to supply an analogue approximation signal to a second input of the comparator in response to the control signal. The wired connection is adapted to transmit the control signal and the output signal of the comparator.

Abstract: A wireless, patient-worn, physiological sensor configured to, among other things, help manage a patient that is at risk of forming one or more pressure ulcers is disclosed. According to an embodiment, the sensor includes a base having a top surface and a bottom surface. The sensor also includes a substrate layer including conductive tracks and connection pads, a top side, and a bottom side, where the bottom side of the substrate layer is disposed above the top side of the base. Mounted on the substrate layer are a processor, a data storage device, a wireless transceiver, an accelerometer, and a battery. In use, the sensor senses a patient's motion and wirelessly transmits information indicative of the sensed motion to, for example, a patient monitor. The patient monitor receives, stores, and processes the transmitted information.

Abstract: A system and method for determining at least one physiological parameter of a subject. The system comprises a sensor for skin apposition. The sensor comprises at least one light source for illuminating of a thoracic bone or a septum, and a detector for measuring of reflected and/or scattered light from blood vessels related to the thoracic bone or septum. The system further includes a control unit configured to control operation of the sensor and an analysing unit configured to analyse the measurement data for determining the at least one physiological parameter.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a wearable device for obtaining signals from a subject for use in the monitoring of pulse-related information of the subject. To enable the use of such a device in the monitoring of pulse-related information, which provides for unobtrusive, reproducible, easy to use, and simple measurements, the device comprises a body, a PPG signal sensing unit for acquiring a first PPG signal from a first body location of the subject, and an imaging unit for acquiring a sequence of images from a second body location of the subject's body different from the first body location, said sequence of images being configured for deriving a second PPG signal for the second body location of the subject. Said PPG signal sensing unit and said imaging unit are mounted in or at the device body and are configured to simultaneously acquire the first PPG signal and the sequence of images.

Abstract: A cardiovascular monitoring system includes a sensor assembly and a controller. The sensor assembly includes a membrane enclosing a viscous fluid, a substrate immersed in the viscous fluid, and at least one strain gauge mounted with the substrate. The strain gauge is configured to detect bending of the substrate due to changes in capillary blood pressure of a person in contact with the membrane at less than 50 mmHg contact pressure and to output a signal indicative of the changes. The controller may be configured to output a change in mean arterial pressure of the person based on a profile of the signal that is associated with a heartbeat of the person. Also, the controller may be configured to output the mean arterial pressure based on a weight signal indicative of a weight of the person and the profile of the signal associated with the heartbeat.

Abstract: An apparatus for acquiring bioinformation, including a laser irradiator configured to irradiate a laser beam onto a region of interest including blood vessels; a sensor configured to detect a first change in a laser speckle pattern generated by the laser beam reflected from the region of interest; and a processor configured to acquire a biosignal indicating a second change in blood flow within the blood vessels based on the detected first change in the laser speckle pattern, and to acquire the bioinformation by using the biosignal, wherein the laser beam emitted from the laser irradiator is incident at an angle to the region of interest.

Abstract: A blood pressure monitor including a manually operable pressurizer is disclosed. The blood pressure monitor may include a cuff configured to apply a pressure to a target portion of a body of a user, a pressurizer, a depressurizer, and a sensor to measure a blood pressure. The pressurizer may include a rotator, and be configured to supply a fluid to the cuff, to cause the cuff to apply the pressure, through rotation of the rotator caused by an external rotational force applied to the blood pressure monitor to rotate the rotator. The depressurizer may be configured to reduce the applied pressure applied by the cuff to the target portion.

Abstract: A blood pressure cuff (10), for determining the blood pressure in newborns, includes a chamber section (20) with an air chamber (22) and a handling section (30) for placing and fastening the chamber section (20) around an arm (100) of a newborn. The air chamber (22) has a chamber wall (24), which has, along a circumferential direction (U) of the air chamber (22), a longitudinal sealing seam (40). Two longitudinal edges (26a, 26b) of the chamber wall (24) are connected to one another overlappingly opposite each other in an airtight manner by the longitudinal sealing seam (40).

Abstract: Systems and methods for facilitating patient self-measuring and recording are provided. In some embodiments, an exhalation pressure of a patient may be measured via a pressure transducer during a time period associated with an examination. A graphical component (indicating the exhalation pressure measurement) may be presented on a display such that the graphical component is continuously updated in real-time, as the exhalation pressure is being measured, until at least the end of the time period associated with the examination. Another graphical component (indicating a remaining time of the time period) may be presented on the display such that the other graphical component is continuously updated in real-time, as the exhalation pressure is being measured, until at least the end of the time period associated with the examination. A heart rate of the patient may be measured via electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes during the time period associated with the examination.

Abstract: A wearable electronic device comprising a wearable component and a device body is provided. The device body is connected to the wearable component. The device body includes a processor, a main light source, an auxiliary light source and a light sensor. The light sensor is electrically connected to the processor. An absorptivity to main rays from the main light source by human blood is more than twice of the absorptivity to auxiliary rays from the auxiliary light source. The light sensor detects intensities of the main rays and the auxiliary rays reflected by the human body. The processor corrects an error of the intensity of the main rays received by the light sensor according to the intensity of the auxiliary rays received by the light sensor to obtain a heart rate. A method for detecting a heart rate is also provided.

Abstract: The present embodiment relates to a method and apparatus for measuring a tissue variation signal (e.g. a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal) without large direct current (DC) or low frequency (LF) offset which normally limit the sensor accuracy through motion artefacts and/or dynamic range requirements. The proposed solution is based on a separation of the PPG signal from the disturbance. This can be achieved by creation of a modulated PPG signal, or by creation of a differential PPG signal and an optimized sensor configuration which is adapted to remove DC or LF components.

Abstract: A biological information detecting device includes: a first light receiving portion which receives light from a subject; a second light receiving portion which receives light from the subject; and a light-transmissive member which is provided at a position further on the subject side than the first light receiving portion and the second light receiving portion, through which light from the subject is transmitted. In a direction from the biological information detecting device to the subject, when a height of the light-transmissive member at a position or in a region corresponding to the first light receiving portion is set to h1 and a height of the light-transmissive member at a position or in a region corresponding to the second light receiving portion is set to h2, h1>h2 is satisfied.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring electrocardiogram (ECG) using wireless communication, including a first measuring device and a second measuring device connected to each other using wireless communication, wherein the first measuring device includes a first electrode configured to measure a first signal generated by a heartbeat, and a slave signal generation unit configured to generate a slave signal based on the first signal and a wireless virtual ground signal received from the second measuring device, and the second measuring device includes a second electrode configured to measure a second signal generated by a heartbeat, a ground electrode configured to measure a ground signal, a wireless virtual ground unit configured to generate the wireless virtual ground signal based on the ground signal, and an ECG measuring unit configured to measure ECG based on the slave signal, the second signal, and the wireless virtual ground signal.

Abstract: Devices and methods are described that provide improved diagnosis from the processing of physiological data. The methods include use of multiple algorithms and intelligently combing the results of multiple algorithms to provide a single optimized diagnostic result. The algorithms are adaptive and may be customized for particular data sets or for particular patients. Examples are shown with applications to electrocardiogram data, but the methods taught are applicable to many types of physiological data.

Abstract: A map of cardiac activation wavefronts can be created from a plurality of mesh nodes, each of which is assigned a conduction velocity vector. Directed edges are defined to interconnect the mesh nodes, and weights are assigned to the directed edges, thereby creating a weighted directed conduction velocity graph. A user can select one or more points within the weighted directed conduction velocity graph (which do not necessarily correspond to nodes), and one or more cardiac activation wavefronts passing through these points can be identified using the weighted directed conduction velocity graph. The cardiac activation wavefronts can then be displayed on a graphical representation of the cardiac geometry.

Abstract: Some embodiments described herein relate to a method that includes defining an electro-anatomical model of a heart. The electro-anatomical model can include conduction patterns for multiple patterns or phases identified by a measurement instrument. The electro-anatomical model can also include a voltage map of the heart. A portion of the heart containing a rotor can be identified based on circulation in one phase of the model. The rotor can be determined to be stable based on that portion of the heart having circulation in another phase of the model. The rotor can be characterized as a substrate rotor based on the rotor being stable and based on the voltage or a change in voltage at the portion of the heart containing the rotor. The rotor can be treated or ablated when the rotor is determined to be a substrate rotor.

Abstract: An improved fetal ST monitoring system and method is provided using an ECG monitoring system collecting a plurality of T/QRS segments of a fetus, and a data analysis computer system connected to the ECG monitoring system calculating from the plurality of T/QRS segments.

Abstract: A protection device, a wearable device, a protection method and a display system are provided. The protection device of the invention comprises a signal acquisition module, an information processing module, and a reminding module. The signal acquisition module acquires a determination signal, the information processing module processes and analyzes the determination signal acquired by the signal acquisition module and determines whether the user's brain is in a state of fatigue, and the reminding module sends a reminder to the user based on the determination result of the information processing module. The protection device of the invention can monitor the degree of fatigue of a user's brain and determine whether the user's brain is in a state of fatigue, and then send a reminder to the user based on the determination result. The protection device of the invention can be applied to various wearable devices or display systems.

Abstract: A device disclosure includes a unit that measures an eye potential; and a unit that sets a threshold coefficient based on a frequency characteristic value of eye potential differential values and sets an upper threshold and a lower threshold based on a number obtained by multiplying a standard deviation of the eye potential differential values by the threshold coefficient, and detects a change in the eye potential differential values as the eyeblink waveform wherein the change occurs in the time-series data on the eye potential differential values either when the eye potential differential value becomes larger than the upper threshold and, after that, changes from the upper threshold to the lower threshold within a predetermined time or when the eye potential differential value becomes smaller than the lower threshold and, after that, changes from the lower threshold to the upper threshold within the predetermined time.

Abstract: An ECG sensor chip used in a wearable appliance includes; a switch controlled by a switching signal, an amplifier that amplifies a difference between first and second ECG signals, and a location indicator that generates the switching signal. The switch passes either a first ECG signal or second ECG signal in response to the switching signal.

Abstract: An electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition and viewing system receiving extended ECG recordings and automatically extracting segments with heart arrhythmias allowing overreading cardiologists to quickly analyze the extract segments from the larger data set. The present invention provides an easy to use, lightweight ECG module providing acquisition of 12 lead ECG data and communication with local and remote network devices receiving the ECG data The present invention provides wireless communication (e.g., Bluetooth, near field communication) with local devices so that ECG waveforms may be viewed in real time, allowing lead connections to be corrected and integrity restored before and during data acquisition.

Abstract: System and methods for acquiring and processing myoelectrical data from the gastrointestinal tract of a patient are provided. In various embodiments, the systems and methods monitor the motor activity of a patient recovering from surgery to detect a resumption in gastrointestinal motility. In some embodiments, the systems and methods enable proper post-operative ileus in the patient. In some embodiments, the systems and methods allow researchers or clinicians to determine the efficacy of one or more therapies intended to encourage gastrointestinal motility. In some embodiments, the systems and methods enable clinicians to predict and facilitate the proper timing of discharge from a healthcare facility following surgery.

Abstract: A system and method for non-invasive and continuous measurement of cardiac chamber volume and derivative parameters including stroke volume, cardiac output and ejection fraction comprising an ultrawideband radar system having a transmitting and receiving antenna for applying ultrawideband radio signals to a target area of a subject's anatomy wherein the receiving antenna collects and transmits signal returns from the target area which are then delivered to a data processing unit, such as an integrated processor or PDA, having software and hardware used to process the signal returns to produce a value for cardiac stroke volume and changes in cardiac stroke volume supporting multiple diagnostic requirements for emergency response and medical personnel whether located in the battlefield, at a disaster site or at a hospital or other treatment facility.

Abstract: A catheter is responsive to external and internal magnetic field generators for generating position data of the catheter position and pressure data to determine pressured exerted on a distal end of the catheter when engaged with tissue, with a reduced number of sensing coils and reduced number of sensing coil leads for minimizing lead breakage and failure. The catheter includes a distal section adapted for engagement with patient tissue, where the distal section has a proximal portion, a distal portion and a flexible joint with a resilient member adapted to allow axial displacement and angular deflection between the proximal and distal portions of the distal section. The catheter may have three or less sensing coils with three or less leads, each transmitting signals between a respective sensing coil and the signal processor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device, system and a method for urodynamic analysis in non-clinical setting and/or natural settings allowing the urinary system to function under normal physiological conditions. The device configured for placement within the urinary bladder for performing intravesical urodynamic measurements, the device comprising an external housing provided from biocompatible materials; a sensor module including a plurality of ultrasound sensors, and at least one pressure transducer, the sensor module functionally coupled with electronic circuitry including a communication module; memory module, and a controller module.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods related to modeling, monitoring, and/or managing metabolism of a subject include measuring a respiratory quotient (RQ) level in a subject and/or optimizing and executing a nonlinear feedback model to model energy substrate utilization in the subject based on at least one of a macronutrient composition and caloric value of food consumed by the subject, an intensity and duration of activity by the subject, a rate and maximum capacity of glycogen storage in the subject, a rate and maximum capacity of de novo lipogenesis in the subject, a quality and duration of sleep by the subject, and/or an RQ level in the subject.

Abstract: A method of evaluating airway wall density and inflammation including: segmenting a bronchial tree to create an airway wall map; for each branch, taking a set of locations that form the wall of each branch from the map and sampling the value in a virtual non-contrast image of the bronchial tree and, given a set of samples of pre-contrast densities, computing a value to yield a bronchial wall density for each branch to yield density measures; for each branch, taking the set of locations that form the wall of each branch from the map and sampling the value in a contrast agent map of the bronchial tree and, given the set of samples of contrast agent intake, computing a value to yield a bronchial wall uptake for each branch to yield inflammation measures; and using the density and inflammation measures to determine treatment or predict outcome for a patient.