Abstract: Disclosed is a light emitting device, and more particularly are a light emitting device package configured to improve the quality of light and a lighting apparatus using the same. The light emitting device package includes a light emitting device located on a package main body, the light emitting device including a first light emitting device configured to emit light having a first wavelength band and a second light emitting device configured to emit light having a second wavelength band, a lens disposed over the light emitting device, and a wavelength conversion layer disposed over the lens, the wavelength conversion layer serving to absorb light having the first wavelength band or the second wavelength band so as to emit light having a third wavelength band.

Abstract: An electrical connection structure (100) of a lamp cap, comprising a substrate (20), a plastic piece (30) and a lamp cap (60), wherein the lamp cap (60) comprises a first electrode (61) and a second electrode (62). The first electrode (61) is insulated from the second electrode (62) and the second electrode (62) is fixed relative to the first electrode (61). The plastic piece (30) is arranged above the first electrode (61). An electronic element, and a first connection end (21) and a second connection end (22) which are electrically connected to the electronic element, are provided on the substrate (20). The first electrode (61) is electrically connected to the first connection end (21). The second electrode (62) is of a rod-shaped structure.

Abstract: Light engine modules including a support member and a solid state light emitter, in which (1) the emitter is mounted on the support member, (2) a region of the support member has a surface with a curved cross-section, (3) the emitter and a compensation circuit are mounted on the support member, (4) an electrical contact element extends to at least two surfaces of the support member, and/or (5) a substantial entirety of the module is located on one side of a plane and the emitter emits light into another side of the plane. Also, a module in which a light emitter is supported. Also, a lighting device including a housing member and a light emitter mounted on a removable support member. Also, a lighting device including a module mounted in a lighting device element. Also, a method including mounting a module to a lighting device element.

Abstract: A Fresnel lighting instrument for use in film and video production, having a LED light engine mounted to a heat sink defining a first plane, a dual basket type focusing assembly adapted to longitudinally extend or retract a Fresnel lens away from and back to the first plane substantially without rotation along the longitudinal range of extension, to provide a fanless, cool operating, highly compact and lightweight Fresnel light suitable for studio or field use. The dual basket type design allows for transporting three Fresnel units in a standard milk crate since the unit collapses down whereas existing Fresnel lights all use a constant volume can-shaped housing within which the light source is repositioned.

Abstract: A lighting module may be provided that comprises: an optical plate; a base frame including a central frame disposed on the optical plate, a first frame coupled to the central frame, and a second frame coupled to the first frame; a side frame coupled between the optical plate and the second frame of the base frame; and a light source including a substrate disposed on the side frame and a light emitter disposed on the substrate, wherein the second frame is disposed on the light source, and wherein the second frame has an inner surface reflecting light from the light source to at least one of the first frame and the central frame.

Abstract: The present invention provides a white light source comprising a light emitting diode having a light emission peak wavelength of 350 to 490 nm and a phosphor that emits visible light upon excitation by a light emitted from the light emitting diode; wherein, with respect to an arbitrary local maximum value of light-emission intensity between 350 and 780 nm of a light emission spectrum of the white light source, a ratio of a local minimum value of light-emission intensity that is closest on a long wavelength side to the local maximum value is such that, when the local maximum value is taken as 1, the local minimum value is 0.5 or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is a portable LED light, which includes symmetrical LED light housings, rotating members fixedly connected with the housings, symmetrical handle members, a first rotation shaft, a support device and outer gears fixed on an end of the rotating members. The support device is provided for supporting the handle members and the LED light housings. The rotating members and the base bodies disposed inside the handle members are provided for adjusting an angle between the two LED light housings. It has advantages that the angle between the LED light housings can be adjusted at pleasure and LED light housings can be supported by the support device steadily. The present invention further has the advantages of small size, easy to carry, easy to operate and steady fixation.

Abstract: A folding illumination stand having a pair of flat wire discs connected by two linear wire legs at rotational joints and by a further wire leg with one end removably joined so that the stand is foldable into a generally flat configuration. A vertically oriented flashlight is forced against an underside of an upper one of the discs by a spring mounted on a lower one of the discs. The flashlight's beam is directed vertically up through the upper disc and into a translucent container rested on the upper disk. This causes the container to glow, emitting a diffuse ambient illumination.

Abstract: A diffuser for a lighting device comprises a diffuser region, a hook element and a nose element. A light fixture comprises a housing with an opening and a diffuser as described above, in which the nose element extends through the opening, optionally further comprising an accessory including at least one spring element engaging the hook element. A light fixture structure comprises a housing defining an opening and an first attachment element comprising a nose element, a hook element and a connection region, and optionally further comprising a diffuser engaging a first portion of the hook element, and/or an accessory which engages a second portion of the hook element. An eyeball accessory comprises first and second housing elements pivotably attached to each other. An accessory for a light fixture comprises a housing member and a spring element engageable with a fixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modular LED street light including an electrical chamber, a lamp arm, two supporting pipes, an end cap and a plurality of LED light source modules. The LED light source modules are fixed between the two supporting pipes. Each LED light source module includes a circuit board and a radiator. The radiator includes a first plate, two second plates extending from two sides of the first plate and a third plate connected to the two second plates. The radiator has a large area of heat dissipation. When it is required to increase or decrease the number of the LED light source modules for the purpose of increasing or reducing the power of the LED street light, all that is needed is exchanging with lengthened or shortened supporting pipes, thus enabling a power seriation of the street light at very low costs.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a lighting device includes: a first housing in which a lamp unit is provided; a second housing in which a power supply unit is provided; and a hinge member that allows the first housing to be capable of opening and closing with respect to the second housing.

Abstract: An outdoor light emitting diode (LED) luminaire includes a plastic housing having two or more surfaces, a printed circuit board (PCB) coupled to at least one of the two or more surfaces, the PCB including a substrate and a conductive surface on the substrate, a plurality of LED light sources mounted on the PCB, a first portion of the conductive surface forming conductive paths in electrical communication with the plurality of LED light sources, and a second portion of the conductive surface forming thermal pads at a plurality of locations that are at least one of between and around the plurality of LED light sources, the thermal pads configured to dissipate heat generated by the plurality of LED light sources.

Abstract: The Invention provides a head of solar street light to solve such problems of the existing solar street lamp as inconvenient installation, easily damaged battery by high temperature and improper work in rainy days, etc. The head of solar street light invention can be used for replacing all AC street lamps. The invention comprises a crystalline silicon panel, a LED light set, a battery, a control system and a lamp housing; a cavity is concavely provided on the back of the lamp housing, which is covered with the crystalline silicon panel that forms an airtight vacuum insulation zone with the cavity; cavities for lamp and battery, which are insulated through the vacuum insulation zone, are concavely provided on the front side of the lamp housing, and the LED light set and the battery are installed in the lamp cavity and the battery cavity respectively.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus is for use with a projection-receiving surface. The lighting apparatus includes a light-filtering assembly configured to block transmission of a first amount of light emitted by a light source towards the projection-receiving surface. This is done in such a way that blocked transmission of the first amount of light forms a projected shadow region on the projection-receiving surface. The light-filtering assembly is also configured to permit transmission of a second amount of light emitted by the light source towards the projection-receiving surface. This is done in such a way that transmission of the second amount of light forms a projected glow region on the projection-receiving surface. A filter-moving assembly is configured to move the light-filtering assembly. This is done in such a way that the projected shadow region and the projected glow region move and combine to form a variable curved wave pattern.

Abstract: Imitation candle devices and systems with enhanced features are described that facilitate operation and usage of electronic candles. The disclosed features include blow sensors that are positioned inside of the imitation candle device, or within an associated remote control device, to enable the electronic candle to be turned on or off remotely, when a user blows into the candle or the remote control devices. Additionally, the imitation candle can be turned on or off by a simple user action, such as touching the imitation candle device.

Abstract: A fiber-optic conversion module is provided as part of a lighting device on a vehicle. The module includes optical fibers with connectors, a light exit head, and a converter mounted on a cooling element. Shorter wavelength excitation light is fed to the optical fibers that emit the excitation light towards the converter arranged at an angle relative to the beam direction, at a light spot that remits useful light in a radiation angle in form of a cone of useful light and reflects excitation light as a Fresnel reflection substantially outside the cone of useful light, where Fresnel reflection is made harmless by a light stop.

Abstract: An optical module for a motor vehicle lighting and/or signaling device, having an optical deflection element, a support to which the optical deflection element is fixed, the support comprises adapter fixing means capable of fixing an adapter to which a light source is fixed, and wherein the first optical deflection element comprises adapter indexing means arranged so as to be capable of positioning this adapter relative to the first optical deflection element on two separate intersecting axes.

Abstract: A head lamp unit for vehicle includes a head lamp and a position lamp housed in a housing, in which a cover lens is mounted on the front surface of a lamp body. A position lamp emitter is arranged to be hidden by a head lamp reflector, seen from the front. A position lamp reflection surface reflecting a light emitted from the position lamp emitter to guide the light to the front of the housing is provided around the head lamp reflector.

Abstract: A light engine assembly, comprising at least one trim element, a light engine housing, and a light engine comprising at least one solid state light emitter. In some embodiments, an external surface of the light engine housing is in contact with an internal surface of the trim element. In some embodiments, the light engine assembly further comprises at least one thermal interface element positioned between and in contact with the light engine housing and the trim element. In some embodiments, the light engine assembly further comprises light engine housing fins which are in contact with the light engine housing and the trim element.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp includes a housing having a chamber. The housing includes a heat dissipating portion made of metal. The housing further includes a platform integrally formed with the heat dissipating portion. The platform includes a coupling portion. A reflective cover is mounted in the chamber and includes a recessed portion in. The recessed portion has a rear end with an opening. The platform extends through the opening, and the coupling portion is received in the recessed portion. The recessed portion includes a reflective face. A light-emitting diode unit includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes fixed to the coupling portion and a circuit board fixed to the coupling portion. The light-emitting diodes emit light rays towards the reflective face of the reflective cover. A shield is mounted in front of the housing and is transmittable to the light rays.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for reducing glare or pixilation associated with LEDs are disclosed. The disclosure relates to a light module that includes a cover panel that reduces contrast in the light emitted by LEDs. The cover panel can be mounted on a substrate which can include a plurality of LEDs. Apertures in the cover panel are aligned with each of the LEDs and any optic that may be disposed over each LED. A first portion of the light emitted from the LEDs passes through the optic only and into the environment to be illuminated. A second portion of the light emitted from the LEDs passes through both the optic and the cover panel before passing into the environment to be illuminated. The cover panel can be diffuse and can include various characteristics including textures, objects, and angled surfaces that assist in scattering light.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a novel construction for homogenizing light in a mirror-lined light duct, in particular such as in a light duct having an increase in the cross-sectional duct area in the light propagation direction. The present disclosure also provides for an apparatus for light homogenization after a portion of the light in a duct has been extracted from the duct and/or diverted to a side duct.

Abstract: A phosphor optical element includes: a base member; a phosphor-containing member that includes a transparent member containing a phosphor particle; and a cover member, wherein the base member, the phosphor-containing member, and the cover member are sequentially formed on a transparent base that is transparent to a wavelength of incident light from an excitation light source, the phosphor particle has a diameter no greater than the wavelength of the incident light, and in an arbitrary cross section of the phosphor-containing member in a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the transparent base, the phosphor-containing member has, in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the transparent base, a thickness no greater than the wavelength of the incident light.

Abstract: An optical component is disclosed that comprises a first substrate, an optical material comprising quantum confined semiconductor nanoparticles disposed over a predetermined region of a first surface of the first substrate, a layer comprising an adhesive material disposed over the optical material and any portion of the first surface of the first substrate not covered by the optical material, and a second substrate disposed over the layer comprising an adhesive material, wherein the first and second substrates are sealed together. In certain embodiments, the optical component further includes a second optical material comprising quantum confined semiconductor nanoparticles disposed between the layer comprising the adhesive material and the second substrate. Method are also disclosed. Also disclosed are products including the optical component.

Abstract: A light assembly comprises an LED light source, a reflector, and an optical element assembly. The LED light source comprises a light emitting die and has an optical axis which extends from the light emitting die and perpendicular to a first plane. The reflector defines an optical cavity and has a reflective surface oriented to reflect light emitted by the light source incident to the reflective surface along a range of reflected angles. The optical element assembly comprises an optical element disposed in the path of the light emitted from the light source. The optical element is supported within the optical cavity by a connector arm, which has first and second ends. The first end is connected to the optical element and the second end supports the optical element assembly from behind the reflector.

Abstract: A lighting panel includes a tile having a first side parallel to a principal plane of the lighting panel, a plurality of solid state lighting devices arranged on the first side of the tile and configured to emit light, a reflector sheet on the first side of the tile, and a brightness enhancement film on the reflector sheet. The reflector sheet may be arranged between the tile and the brightness enhancement film and the brightness enhancement film may be configured to increase the on-axis intensity of emitted light. A luminaire adapted for general illumination includes a lighting panel as described above, a current supply circuit configured to supply an on-state drive current to a string of lighting devices in response to a control signal, a photosensor arranged to receive light from one of the solid state lighting devices, and a control system configured to receive an output signal from the photosensor and to adjust the control signal responsive to the output signal of the photosensor.

Abstract: A portable light may comprise: a light housing having housing parts for enclosing a source of electrical power and supporting an electrical light source, a slide latch slidable on the light housing parts between latched and unlatched positions; a projection proximate the slide latch when the housing parts are adjacent; wherein when the slide latch is moved to the latched position, separation of the housing parts is prevented, and wherein when the slide latch is moved to the unlatched position, the housing parts can be separated. A tool may be needed to open the housing.

Abstract: A lighting device according to an embodiment includes a board that contains ceramics on at least a surface thereof, a light emitting element that is provided on the surface of the board, a wiring pattern that is provided on the surface of the board and is electrically connected to the light emitting element, a surrounding wall member that is provided to surround the light emitting element, a joining portion that is provided between the board and the surrounding wall member, and a coating portion that is provided between the board and the joining portion and contains a glass material.

Abstract: A safe lighting system using wall mounted lift comprises a polygonal pipe cylinder installing at a building wall; a polygonal lifting unit moving up and down along the inner wall of the polygonal pipe cylinder; a wire adjusting the height of the polygonal lifting unit, wherein the wire is connected to the upper side of the polygonal lifting unit; a lifting control unit controlling the height of the polygonal lifting unit by winding or releasing the wire; and a lighting apparatus installed at the polygonal lifting unit, wherein the height of the lighting apparatus is adjusted by the lifting control unit, and the installation and the maintenance of the lighting apparatus can be done conveniently on the ground by lowering the lighting apparatus.

Abstract: A purse illumination assembly including a power source, a light emitting portion, a voice-sensitive switch, and a circuit assembly connecting the light emitting portion to the power source through the voice-sensitive switch. The light emitting portion may be a light emitting fabric or may include EL wire alone or in combination with LED lights to provide both lighting and a decorative effect. A driver circuit may be included for driving both the EL wire and the LED lights.

Abstract: Various implementations of an LED kit include a housing and at least one LED unit. The LED unit is coupled to an outer surface of at least one wall of the housing. Inner surfaces of the housing walls define a channel that includes a first opening at one end of the housing and a second opening at the other end of the housing. A central axis of the channel is orthogonal to a light output direction of the LED unit. A heat sink structure extends from the inner surface of at least one of the walls, and at least one electrically powered cooling device (e.g., a fan) is disposed adjacent the first opening. The cooling device causes air to flow through the channel from the first opening to the second opening, or vice versa, along the central axis and across the heat sink structure orthogonally to the light output direction.

Abstract: The present invention is an internal reflective light fixture, comprising a luminescence unit, a reflection member and a cup body. The luminescence unit comprises a light-holding part for emitting a light ray. The reflection member comprises a securing part and a reflection part, wherein the reflection part is formed at one side of the securing part and forms a reflective curved surface with a first reflective layer. The cup body contains the luminescence unit and the reflection member. The cup body comprises a second reflective layer formed on the interior wall of the cup body, a first containing space and a securing trough. The securing trough is provided to fix the securing part so that the reflection part is exposed at the first containing space. The light ray is reflected to the second reflective layer by the first reflective layer and then emitted from the cup body.

Abstract: A light module includes a heat sink and one or more light sources coupled within a heat sink cavity formed therein. The heat sink includes an internal surface surrounding the cavity. The internal surface includes a mounting region, a reflector region extending from the perimeter of the mounting region to a distal end, and a decorative region extending from the distal end to a second distal end. The light module includes multiple mounting pads coupled circumferentially around a portion of the heat sink. The mounting pads are configured to facilitate the heat sink being coupled within different housing diameter sizes. The light module includes a trim ring integrally formed with the heat sink and extending radially outward from one end of the heat sink.

Abstract: An LED optical light engine spotlight which can accommodate a variable number of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is disclosed. An optical projection lens mounted in front of the LEDs merges the separate LED beams into a single beam, similar to the single beam provided by a halogen light and reflector. A heat sink provides convection cooling up to approximately 100° F. An optional fan provides additional heat dissipation for more extreme conditions. The depicted device can include a vertical tilt of over 200°. Optimally, the depicted device is designed to have a full vertical tilt range between zenith (0 degrees) to horizontal (90 degrees) to full depression (135 degrees). An optional accessory lens provides additional capabilities, including flood lenses, colored lenses and rock guards, for example. The depicted device can be hard wired or wireless. The depicted device can be adapted to many base units and/or pan and tilt platforms.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising at least a first light emitter, at least a first heat transfer element, and a plurality of heat dissipation elements. Each heat dissipation element has at least a first region and a second region, the first region being in contact with the first heat transfer element, the second region being closer to the first light emitter than the first region. The first light emitter is thermally coupled to the first heat transfer element.

Abstract: An LED light has a built-in, added-on, or snapped-on sound device such as a whistle to allow people to generate a loud sound that can be heard by other people during conditions such as an earthquake, flood, typhoon, hurricane, tornado, fire, bombing, tsunami, terrorist attack, and so forth. The LED light normally serves as non-portable light device which can be installed in a certain location, but which can be removed in the event of an emergency to serve as a power fail or emergency light. The LED light, without the sound device, may also be applied to an electrical outlet wall plate cover.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reclaiming uncondensed hydrocarbons normally exhausted to the atmosphere from a still column of a glycol dehydrator system, and combusting the uncondensed hydrocarbons in a burner assembly of a reboiler after the burner assembly has been ignited by fuel gas.

Abstract: A soot trap for use in chimney cleaning which includes a soot trap housing having a bottom, a circumferential sidewall, and a top which together define an interior cavity. The bottom and the top have axially aligned push rod pass through openings. A closure is provided in one of the top or the bottom to provide access to the interior cavity of the housing. A sequential series of push rod wipers is stacked loosely in the interior cavity of the housing. Each push rod wiper has an opening that is in axial alignment with the push rod pass through openings, such that the sequential series of push rod wipers wipe soot into the interior cavity of the housing as a push rod passes through the push rod pass through openings.

Abstract: A chimney tee cap retainer assembly comprising a cap, a first member comprising a guideway extending in a longitudinal direction, the first member connectable to the cap using a first fastener, a second member having a sprung end portion, the sprung end portion for releasably engaging a chimney surface, the second member adjustably engaged with the guideway using a second fastener, a third member having a sprung end portion, the sprung end portion for releasably engaging a chimney surface, the third member adjustably engaged with the guideway using a third fastener, and the second member and the third member each having a second member portion and a third member portion each extending normal to the first member and each extending in the same axial direction.

Abstract: A system is configured to apply a voltage, charge, and/or an electric field to a combustion reaction responsive to acoustic feedback from the combustion reaction.

Abstract: An adjustable fireplace screen support assembly is provided. The adjustable fireplace screen support assembly includes an elongated member having a first end and a second end. The support assembly further includes a first tip member coupled to the first end of the elongated member. The support assembly further includes a tubular member having a first end and a second end. The second end of the elongated member is slidably disposed through the first end of the tubular member and into the interior region. The support assembly further includes a second tip member coupled to the tubular member. The support assembly further includes a biasing assembly at least partially disposed in the interior region of the tubular member adapted to bias the elongated member in a first direction, and the tubular member in a second direction.

Abstract: A variable air intake control for rapid fire starting in solid fuel burning appliances has an air intake chamber member adapted to be positioned on the top side of the solid fuel burning appliance and adapted to allow air to pass therethrough. The air intake chamber member has an air intake opening located adjacent to one end of a top side thereof and an air outflow opening adjacent an opposite end to the one end and located on a bottom side thereof. A pipe member attached to the air outflow opening at a first end and adapted to channel the air to pass therethrough and exit at a second end thereof underneath the solid fuel burning appliance to be used for rapid fire starting. A gate member pivotally attached at one end to the top side of the air intake chamber member and adapted to uncover the air intake opening in an initial position and progressively pivot and cover the air intake.

Abstract: An indicator device for proving an announcement of the status of a burner control knob, A base plate attaches to and rotates with a burner control shaft on a stove. An attitude sensing switch mounted with the base plate changes its conductive state when a burner control shaft moves from an “off” position. An annunciator senses the change in conductive state to initiate an announcement of that event.

Abstract: A home appliance having an oven rack including an appliance body having a plurality of oven walls defining an oven cavity; an oven rack for removable disposition in the oven cavity, wherein the oven rack includes two flat side panels and a plurality of straight cross members extending laterally therebetween to define a cooking vessel support surface; and a pair of traveling gliders wherein each glider includes a channel configured for receipt of one of the side panels wherein the oven rack can travel in and out of the oven cavity supported at the side panels by the traveling gliders.

Abstract: A fan support and storage apparatus for use in cooling a user's torso while the user is positioned adjacent the apparatus includes a base member having upper and lower portions. The apparatus includes a tubular support member having a first end operatively coupled to the base member and a second end opposite the first end. The support member has an elongate tubular configuration extending upwardly from the base member and supported in a vertical configuration above the base member. A fan assembly is slidably coupled to the support member and selectively movable therealong between the first and second ends of the support member. A fan drawer assembly is slidably coupled to the support member adjacent the fan member that is being slidably movable between the first and second ends of the support member. One or more accessory drawer assemblies may be slidably coupled to the support member.

Abstract: An air conditioning system utilizing outdoor air for cooling an indoor space wherein a rack is disposed, includes at least one rack disposed in the indoor space, the rack having the heating element, an air inlet face and an air discharge face; and at least one air conditioning device using outdoor air for cooling and unitized in accordance with the at least one rack, the air conditioning device having an air supply face and a cold air supply unit for generating cold air and being disposed in vicinity of the rack such that the air supply face faces the air inlet face to form a rack row and an air conditioning device row substantially parallel to the rack row, the rack row being formed of the at least one rack and the air conditioning device row being formed of the at least one air conditioning device.

Abstract: A pressurization control system configured to regulate air pressure with a space includes an air supply source fluidly coupled to a damper, a room controller configured to provide a control signal to the damper. The room controller includes a flow controller configured to generate a flow feedback signal, and a pressure controller configured to generate a pressure feedback signal, wherein the room controller is configured to receive flow and pressure feedback signals and generate the control signal based on one or more of the received flow and pressure feedback signals.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and methods for measuring environmental parameters are disclosed. The apparatus, system, and methods can be used for a variety of applications, including HVAC air balancing and building commissioning. The system includes a variety of wireless sensing modules and wearable modules for control, display, and storage. Parameters measured include air and water temperature, pressure, velocity, and flow. Also included are sensors for light intensity, CO concentrations, and CO2 concentrations.

Abstract: A thermostat and related methods is provided for controlling an HVAC system having one or two separate transformers for supplying power to the HVAC system. The thermostat includes isolation circuitry housed within the thermostat to safely connect to the HVAC control wires and power wire(s) whether the HVAC system has one or two separate transformers without the use of removable jumpers or manual rewiring. The thermostat can include a processor that sends DC signals for turning on and turning off each of the HVAC functions, and an isolator adapted to electrically isolate the processor from the control wires and power wire(s). The isolator can include a transformer, such as a low cost Ethernet transformer. The circuitry can include one or more field effect transistors adapted and arranged so as to open or close an electrical connections between the control and power wires, thereby turning on or off the associated HVAC function.

Abstract: A system and method including the ability of a building automation system controller to automatically determine which VAV boxes are physically associated with which air sources in a building or facility with multiple air sources by coordinating the individual or simultaneous manipulation of the fan speed of the air sources or the VAV damper positions, while obtaining data from networked sensors that measure VAV box airflow or duct pressure or the environmental conditions of a space being supplied with air from one or more VAV boxes.