Abstract: There is provided a photoelectric switch capable of reducing a size of a whole device while suppressing light amount irregularity and color irregularity of detected light. The photoelectric switch includes: a surface mount LED, configured to generate a light containing a plurality of color components with different hues; an optical shield disposed between the surface mount LED and a light projecting lens to shield the light around an optical opening passing the light from the surface mount LED to the light projecting lens; a light receiving element configured to selectively receive the light to generate a plurality of light reception signals; a controller configured to control a light projecting amount of the surface mount LED based on the light reception signal.

Abstract: An infrared light source includes a single-crystal ceramic element having at least two electrical contacts disposed thereon, such that the single-crystal ceramic element is stimulated to emit infrared light upon application of an electrical current through the at least two electrical contacts. The infrared light source further includes an evacuated housing enclosing the single-crystal ceramic element, the evacuated housing including an infrared transparent window.

Abstract: A fiber grating demodulation system for enhancing spectral resolution by finely adjusting a slit, includes a laser pump source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a fiber Bragg grating, a diaphragm, a slit, a collimating mirror, a light splitting grating, an imaging focus mirror, and a linear array detector. The laser pump source, the wavelength division multiplexer, the fiber Bragg grating are connected in sequence, and the wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the diaphragm. Light emitted from the laser pump source is multiplexed by the wavelength division multiplexer and then enters the fiber Bragg grating, a reflection spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating enters the slit of the fiber grating demodulation system as injected light. After passing through the slit, the injected light is reflected by the collimating mirror, the light splitting grating, and the imaging focus mirror in sequence, and is finally converged to the linear array detector.

Abstract: A fiber grating demodulation system for enhancing spectral resolution of a detector array, includes a laser pump source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a fiber Bragg grating, a diaphragm, a slit, a collimating mirror, a light splitting grating, an imaging focus mirror, and a linear array detector. The laser pump source, the wavelength division multiplexer, and the fiber Bragg grating are connected in sequence, and the wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the diaphragm. Light emitted from the laser pump source is multiplexed by the wavelength division multiplexer and then enters the fiber Bragg grating. A reflection spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating enters the slit of the fiber grating demodulation system as injected light. After passing through the slit, the injected light is reflected by the collimating mirror. The light splitting grating, and the imaging focus mirror in sequence, and is finally converged to the linear array detector.

Abstract: The present application discloses a system comprising a compact curved grating (CCG) and its associated compact curved grating spectrometer (COGS) or compact curved grating wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer (WMDM) module and a method for making the same. The system is capable of achieving a very small (resolution vs. size) RS factor. The location of the entrance slit and detector can be adjusted in order to have the best performance for a particular design goal. The initial groove spacing is calculated using a prescribed formula dependent on operation wavelength. The location of the grooves is calculated based on two conditions.

Abstract: There is provided a photoelectric switch capable of accurately detecting even such a workpiece where a tint changes within the same workpiece, while preventing erroneous detection. The photoelectric switch includes: a light projecting unit; a light receiving unit; a coincidence degree calculating unit for comparing the acquired color information with a reference color to calculate a coincidence degree of both of the color information. When the color information is newly acquired, a detection signal generating unit compares, with a detection determination threshold, the highest coincidence degree of coincidence degrees calculated by respectively comparing the color information newly acquired, with the two or more reference colors, to perform workpiece determination.

Abstract: A method and a circuit take a measurement of a sensor having first, second and third lead wires by: (a) providing first, second and third terminals for voltage measurements; (b) connecting a current sensing device (e.g., a reference resistor) to provide a signal at the third terminal that is indicative of the current in the third lead wire of the sensor; (c) connecting a first protective device between the first lead wire of the sensor and the first terminal; (d) connecting a second protective device between the second lead wire of the sensor and the second terminal; (e) connecting a first current source to the first lead wire of the sensor; (f) connecting a second current source to the second lead wire of the sensor; and (g) measuring a first voltage across the first and second terminals and a second voltage across the third terminal and the voltage reference.

Abstract: A method includes determining a relationship between indirect thermal data for a processor and a measured temperature associated with the processor, during a calibration process, obtaining the indirect thermal data for the processor during actual operation of the processor, and determining an actual significant temperature associated with the processor during the actual operation using the indirect thermal data for the processor during actual operation of the processor and the relationship.

Abstract: A force detection apparatus includes a substrate and a force transmission block. The substrate includes: a high-sensitive mesa gauge that is provided on a main surface, extends in a first direction to produce a relatively large change of an electric resistance in accordance with compressive stress, and includes a top surface; a low-sensitive mesa gauge that is provided on the main surface, extends in a second direction to produce a relatively small change of an electric resistance, and includes a top surface; and a mesa lead that is provided on the main surface, extends in a third direction, and includes a top surface. The force transmission block contacts the top surface of the high-sensitive mesa gauge and the top surface of the low-sensitive mesa gauge, and is non-contact with at least a part of the top surface of the mesa lead.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit with a pressure-sensitive sensor array includes a pressure-sensitive sensor array with M rows and N columns, and an excitation source adapted for outputting positive and negative excitation voltages, wherein: the positive output terminals of the sensing units at a same row of the pressure-sensitive sensor array are connected with each other and act as an output of the row; the negative output terminals of the sensing units at a same column of the pressure-sensitive sensor array are connected with each other and act as an output of the column; so that the whole pressure-sensitive sensor array has a positive excitation input end, a negative excitation input end, M row output signals and N column output signals. The signal processing circuit and method are capable of significantly decreasing an amount of output signal wires of the sensor, reducing connection areas, and improving reliability.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a pressure sensor includes a film part, and a sensing unit. A circumscribing rectangle circumscribing a configuration of a film surface of the film part has a first side, a second side, a third side connected to one end of the first side and one end of the second side, a fourth side connected to one other end of the first side and one other end of the second side, and a centroid of the circumscribing rectangle. The circumscribing rectangle includes a first region enclosed by the first side, line segments connecting the centroid to the one end of the first side, and to the one other end of the first side. The sensing unit includes sensing elements provided on a portion of the film surface overlapping the first region. Each sensing element includes a first, second magnetic layers, and a spacer layer.

Abstract: A method and system for obtaining force are provided, wherein the system includes a block made of a photoelastic material having multiple surfaces including a first surface on which an object is exerting the force to the block, and one or more polariscopes configured around the block, and wherein the method includes measuring photoelastic intensities by using three polariscopes simultaneously and obtaining each set of the photoelastic intensities sequentially in time to obtain a sequence of measured photoelastic intensities, and obtaining the force by using an optimization method based on the quantity associated with the difference between the measured and predicted photoelastic intensities.

Abstract: A method of determining deformation in a structure around which a sensing optical fiber is helically wound, includes performing a distributed measurement at a point along the fiber, to obtain a frequency gain spectrum at that point. Performing a distributed measurement includes, adjusting a pulse width of a pulse pump signal to achieve a predefined spatial resolution and providing the pulse pump signal with adjusted pulse width in the fiber to generate scattering, which is used to obtain the frequency gain spectrum. Identifying at least two curves which, when added together, best fit the frequency gain spectrum. Identifying the frequency at which peaks of the curves occur. Determining deformation in the structure by determining deformation in the fiber at the point using a frequency at which a peak of an identified curve occurs. The amount of deformation in the fiber corresponds to the amount of deformation in the structure.

Abstract: A torque sensor assembly an engine comprising: a transducer (1100) including: a central disc (1110); and an outer rim (1160) coupled to the central disc (1110); and at least one sensing element (1210) spaced from the transducer (1100) and configured to determine an amount of torque exerted on the central disc (1110) by sensing a magnetic flux passing through the central disc (1110). There is also a housing (1200) which comprises the sensing element (1210). The central disc (1110) and the outer rim (1160) are assembled in a way that magneto-related stress to the central disc (1110) is avoided.

Abstract: A magnetic support structure of a torque sensor assembly includes a central hub surrounding an upper shaft. Also included is a plurality of spoke segments extending radially outwardly from the central hub, each of the spoke segments comprising a pair of magnet supports. Further included is a plurality of magnets, each of the magnets disposed between adjacent magnet supports of the spoke segments.

Abstract: A torque-measuring shaft includes a measuring shaft disposed on a shaft axis of the torque-measuring shaft, loadable in torsion and having at least one rotationally symmetric surface region disposed coaxially with the shaft axis as well as a measuring device disposed on the measuring shaft for measuring a torsion of the measuring shaft, wherein the torque-measuring shaft has a material weakening disposed in radial direction inside the measuring shaft, eccentrically relative to the shaft axis.

Abstract: The present invention includes a strain body having a connecting part and a fixing part, and a first strain detection element disposed on the strain body. The strain body includes a void, and the first strain detection element is disposed between the connecting part and the void.

Abstract: A system for calibrating a force transducer that measures a magnitude of a force acting on a conveyor of a cold planer is disclosed. The system may receive, from the force transducer, a first signal indicative of the magnitude of the force acting on the conveyor of the cold planer. The system may compare the first signal and a second signal associated with calibrating the force transducer. The system may output a third signal, indicative of a relationship between the first signal and the second signal, based on comparing the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A device for detecting the motion of a rotatable compactor roller about a compactor roller axis of rotation includes at least one motion sensor and an energy supply for the at least one motion sensor. The energy supply includes a generator having a stator and a rotor rotatable about a rotor axis of rotation with respect to the stator.

Abstract: A defect inspection method according to an embodiment has: exposing a target object to a tracer having higher absorptance for a neutron ray than the target object; radiating the neutron ray to the target object exposed to the tracer; generating at least one neutron image based on the neutron ray having penetrated the target object exposed to the tracer; and detecting a defect of the target object based on the generated at least one neutron image.

Abstract: Provided are a position determination device and the like which determine vibration measurement positions for specifying a leak position. A position determination device 100 includes a feature amount extraction unit which extracts feature amounts relating to detected pipe vibrations respectively on the basis of the pipe vibrations detected by a plurality of detection units, and a measurement position determination unit which determines measurement positions of at least two of the detection units on the basis of the feature amounts.

Abstract: An adjustable variable atmospheric condition testing apparatus for testing an object includes an outer chamber, an inner chamber positioned inside and in fluid communication with the outer chamber, a vacuum pump configured to remove gas from the inner and outer chambers, and further configured to expel the removed gas via an exhaust, an intake configured to selectively introduce gas from ambient into the inner chamber via a valve, such that the introduced gas interacts with the object, and a sensor positioned downstream of the object and configured to detect a characteristic of the gas interacting with the object.

Abstract: One or more embodiments are directed to camera probes and methods for visually inspecting an endface of an optical communication link, such as a fiber optic cable. Generally described, the camera probes and methods are directed to projecting light to an endface of the optical communication link from a first direction and at a first angle of incidence and projecting light to the endface at a second direction and at a second angle of incidence. A defect on the endface casts a first shadow when the light is projected in the first direction and a second shadow when the light is projected in the second direction. At least one of the first and second shadows is analyzed to determine its length. Using the length of the shadow and the known angle of incidence at which the light is projected, a height or depth of the defect is determined.

Abstract: There is described a distributed optical fibre sensor for detecting one or more physical parameters indicative of an environmental influence on a sensor optical fibre, as a function of position along the sensor fibre. The sensor uses probe light pulses of different wavelengths. At least some of the probe light pulses may also be of different pulse lengths. The relative phase bias between interferometric signals in backscattered probe light of different wavelength pulses may also be controlled.

Abstract: Estimating residual useful life of a rolling element bearing in an operating gas turbine engine is provided. A processor receives a vibration signal from a vibration sensor. The vibration signal includes a vibratory response of the rolling element bearing. Processor detects a vibratory pattern of the rolling element bearing from the vibration signal and compares the vibratory pattern to a reference vibratory pattern. Processor identifies a failure propagation stage in which the vibratory pattern matches the reference vibratory pattern. Processor correlates the failure propagation stage to the residual useful life remaining in the rolling element bearing and generates an output signal representing the residual useful life remaining in the rolling element bearing.

Abstract: A method for functional monitoring of an apparatus for variable setting of a cylinder compression in a reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine is described, including ascertaining a value of an engine parameter which is indicative of an engine position of the internal combustion engine at a defined cylinder compression; comparing the ascertained value with a further value of the engine parameter; and determining, depending on a result of the comparison, whether the apparatus for variable setting of the cylinder compression is functioning correctly.

Abstract: Monitoring a thickness of a lubricant film in a journal bearing of an epicyclic gear system in an operating gas turbine engine is provided. The method comprises receiving, by a signal processor from a sensor, an electrical property measurement across the lubricant film. The electrical property measurement is converted by the signal processor into a calculated lubricant film thickness measurement. Whether the calculated lubricant film thickness measurement is below a predetermined minimum lubricant film thickness is determined by the signal processor. An alert is outputted if the calculated lubricant film thickness measurement is below the predetermined minimum lubricant film thickness.

Abstract: A tire state estimation system is provided for estimating normal force, lateral force and longitudinal forces based on CAN-bus accessible sensor inputs; the normal force estimator generating the normal force estimation from a summation of longitudinal load transfer, lateral load transfer and static normal force using as inputs lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration and roll angle derived from the input sensor data; the lateral force estimator estimating lateral force using as inputs measured lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration and yaw rate; and the longitudinal force estimator estimating the longitudinal force using as inputs wheel angular speed and drive/brake torque derived from the input sensor data.

Abstract: A single universal sensor interface of a machine monitoring system is capable of providing a sensor supply voltage range that is selectable from 0V to ?30V, 0V to +30V, or +/?15V, and a sensor signal input range of ?30V to +30V to accommodate various types of sensors typically used in machine monitoring applications. Some embodiments of the interface also provide a buffered, unaltered sensor signal output.

Abstract: The fault diagnostic system includes a sensor which is provided in each of a plurality of diagnosis target devices and detects diagnosis target information of the corresponding diagnosis target device, and a diagnosis unit which is provided for one or a plurality of diagnosis target devices and determines whether or not abnormality occurs in the corresponding diagnosis target device based on the diagnosis target information detected by the sensor. The diagnosis unit outputs an abnormality determination result to the outside, and when a specific condition is established, outputs diagnosis target information detected by the sensor after the specific condition is established.

Abstract: In order to save a space for an apparatus for inspecting a substance and reduce a cost thereof, a particle testing apparatus includes a plurality of collection ports for collecting substances to be inspected, centrifuges for concentrating particles collected in the collection ports, the centrifuges being connected to the respective collection ports in pairs, and a common analysis apparatus for acquiring the concentrated particles from the centrifuges and analyzing the particles, the analysis apparatus being connected to the centrifuges.

Abstract: A device for picking and transporting nano-objects present in an aerosol for analyzing includes a porous sampling filter configured to trap the nano-objects. The device also includes a cassette having means for holding the filter in a cavity within the cassette, an inlet orifice configured to allow aspirated aerosol to pass through, and an outlet orifice configured to pass the filtered aerosol, rid of the nano-objects trapped upstream of the inlet orifice of the cassette. A module of the device is configured to collect, by inertial impaction, the particles of a size above a threshold value and to allow aerosol containing particles of a size smaller than the threshold value to pass. The module is further configured to reduce, during picking, emission noise of the aspiration means of the picking device on which the cassette is fixed.

Abstract: An insertion-type probe main body for insertion into a pipe transporting gas and a method for making such an insertion-type probe main body are provided. The probe main body includes: an elongate upper tubular portion; an elongate lower tubular portion which is integral with and having a diameter smaller than the upper tubular portion; a bore which extends between the upper and lower tubular portions; and helical fins integrally formed on the lower tubular portion and which wind along and around an outer surface of the lower tubular portion and which overlap each other. A radial extension of the lower tubular portion plus helical fins corresponds to an external radius of the upper tubular portion, so that the helical fins extend in a streamline fashion from the upper tubular portion. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for collecting blood and other liquid samples. A sample holder may include a cap and porous element arranged to receive a blood or other liquid sample. The porous element may be stored in a sealed container, e.g., immediately after blood sample collection, and the sample dried while sealed in the container.

Abstract: Embodiments include an apparatus for determining a pull-out capacity of a nail disposed in concrete. The apparatus includes control processing circuitry and a Schmidt hammer electrically connected to the control processing circuitry. The Schmidt hammer is configured to strike the nail during a test event and to record a rebound value for the nail. The control processing circuitry is configured to calculate an estimated pull-out strength for the nail using the rebound value of the nail that resulted from the test event, a predetermined nail length, a predetermined nail penetration depth in the concrete, and an estimated predetermined strength of concrete. The apparatus also includes a remote computer configured to communicate with the control processing circuitry and to store an estimated pull-out strength of the nail. The control processing circuitry includes a memory and a database.

Abstract: A method for bending test of a flexible screen is disclosed, including: connecting the flexible screen to a fixing device to form two connection ends; and conducting an extrusion test to the flexible screen, including moving the fixing device to change the distance between the connection ends of the fixing device so that the distance is less than or equal to the length of the flexible screen between the two connection ends. A system for bending test of a flexible screen is also disclosed. The above method and system for bending test of a flexible screen, which can simulate an operational environment of the flexible screen by moving the fixing device to conduct an extrusion test to the flexible screen, can reduce testing costs compared with the traditional methods and apparatuses for bending test of a flexible screen.

Abstract: A method for bending test of a flexible screen is disclosed, including: connecting the flexible screen to a mounting device; conducting a mechanical extrusion test to the flexible screen to bend the flexible screen, in which an extrusion point for the mechanical extrusion test is away from connection points between the flexible screen and the mounting device; and conducting a bending performance detection to the flexible screen. And a system for bending test of a flexible screen is also disclosed. The bending performance of the flexible screen can be tested by simulating an environment for the flexible screen in the mechanical extrusion test, and compared with the traditional methods and apparatuses for bending test of a flexible screen, the method and system for bending test of a flexible screen according to the present disclosure are convenience for operation and low cost in testing.

Abstract: A method of calculating the potential sliding surface of the progressive failure of slope is provided, which is also abbreviated as a failure angle rotation method. The method performs the search calculation of the potential sliding surface of the slope to determine the potential sliding surface, under the assumption that the geological material failure satisfies the condition of the angle between the maximum shear stress surface and the minimum principal stress axis corresponding to the critical stress state being (45° +?/2), and based on the fact that the principal stress directions at different positions are rotated while the slope is applied different external loads and gravity loads. The failure path is varied with the change of the stress during the failure process to perform the solution for the potential sliding surface of the slope based on numerical calculation.

Abstract: Embodiments include an apparatus for determining a pull-out capacity of a bolt disposed in concrete. The apparatus includes control processing circuitry and a Schmidt hammer electrically connected to the control processing circuitry. The Schmidt hammer is configured to strike the bolt during a test event and to record a rebound value for the bolt. The control processing circuitry is configured to calculate an estimated pull-out strength for the bolt using the rebound value of the bolt that resulted from the test event, a predetermined bolt diameter, a predetermined bolt embedment length in the concrete, and an estimated predetermined strength of concrete. The apparatus also includes a remote computer configured to communicate with the control processing circuitry and to store an estimated pull-out strength of the bolt. The control processing circuitry includes a memory and a database.

Abstract: A hardness tester loads a predetermined test force on an indenter and presses into a surface of a sample to form an indentation. The indenter includes an indenter memory storing indenter information specific to the indenter. The indenter is detachably mounted to an indenter shaft. A CPU acquires, from the indenter memory, the indenter information of the indenter mounted to the indenter shaft, and uses the acquired indenter information to perform a predetermined operation and calculate hardness.

Abstract: An absorbent article, including a liquid permeable top sheet, a pulpless absorbent core, the core including synthetic fibers and a super absorbent material, the super absorbent material being settled and stabilized by an open formation bottom high loft layer with fibers oriented in a Z direction, and a liquid impermeable backsheet, wherein the absorbent core is positioned between the top sheet and the backsheet.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for certifiying an equipment by capturing a physical location and a schematic location of the equipment; performing a test on the equipment; taking a picture of the equipment being tested; and certifying a test result; and sending the test result to a remote computer.

Abstract: A fluid monitoring and management device that includes a housing with a fluid passageway. The fluid monitoring and management device further includes a fluid property sensor with a sensing element in the fluid passageway. A valve is in the fluid passageway of the fluid monitoring and management device. A removable bottle mount is aligned with the valve to be selectively in fluid communication with the fluid passageway.

Abstract: A method for actuating an electric motor for a rheometer includes transferring drive energy to a sample. A time profile for deflection is periodic, a value for deflection is a measured variable, the motor is actuated by a manipulated variable, the measured and manipulated variables are mutually nonlinear, an approximation function for the time profile is a weighted sum of base functions, weights for base functions are a parameter vector, the manipulated variable is a weighted sum of base functions. The measured variable is sampled, sampled values are used within a time window, an approximation function for sampled values is a weighted sum of base functions, the weights are an actual parameter vector, a difference between intended and actual parameter vectors is subtracted from the manipulated parameter vector, the manipulated variable is a weighted sum of base functions and values of a new manipulated parameter vector are used as weights.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a flow cytometer and a multidimensional data automatic classification method and apparatus thereof. An auxiliary parameters and a main parameter are selected for a target cell population of each detection item. A statistical analysis is first performed on particle characteristic data of cells according to the auxiliary parameters to obtain a cell population of interest. Another statistical analysis is then performed on the particle characteristic data according to the main parameter. Afterwards, the cell population of interest is mapped to a statistical result obtained in the statistical analysis performed according to the main parameter; and finally, the target cell population is obtained according to a distribution position and an edge of the-cell population of interest as well as a gating on the main parameter.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining degradation of a particulate filter in an exhaust conduit. In one example, a method may include diverting exhaust gas to a secondary soot sensor assembly comprising a second filter downstream of a first filter, and determining degradation based on time intervals between subsequent filter regenerations of the second filter in the secondary soot sensor assembly.

Abstract: A CPU of an analysis apparatus performs a fluid analysis and derives transient distribution information that represents an accumulation distribution of a particulate layer on an inflow-side inner circumferential surface of a honeycomb structure at a time point after a short time interval ?t (step S130). The CPU then repeatedly performs a fluid analysis by taking into account the transient distribution information derived previous time to repeatedly derive transient distribution information (steps S130 to S150) and then derives post-transient-analysis distribution information that represents the accumulation distribution of the particulate layer at a later time point (step S160).

Abstract: The invention relates to a cartridge (1) for a magnetic flow cytometer, mainly extending in a x-y-plane, with an inlet (2) for injecting a sample (15) into the cartridge (1), a blister (3) for a buffer solution (21) with magnetic markers to mark pregiven particles (16, 16?) of the sample (15), an outlet, and a fluid channel (9), the fluid channel (9) comprising a first part that connects the inlet (2) with the blister (3) and a second part that connects the first part with the outlet, wherein the second part of the fluid channel (9) comprises an enrichment zone (5) with mechanical guiding structures to focus marked particles (16, 16?) of the sample (15) in a predetermined subsection of the fluid channel (9) and a measuring zone (6) between the enrichment zone (5) and the outlet, the measuring zone (6) comprising a magnetic field sensor (14) in the predetermined subsection of the fluid channel (9) in order to provide simplified and accelerated means for measuring particles, in particular concentrations of part

Abstract: In one aspect, the present teachings provide a system for performing cytometry that can be operated in three operational modes. In one operational mode, a fluorescence image of a sample is obtained by exciting one or more fluorophore(s) present in the sample by an excitation beam formed as a superposition of a top-hat-shaped beam with a plurality of beams that are radiofrequency shifted relative to one another. In another operational mode, a sample can be illuminated successively over a time interval by a laser beam at a plurality of excitation frequencies in a scanning fashion. The fluorescence emission from the sample can be detected and analyzed, e.g., to generate a fluorescence image of the sample. In yet another operational mode, the system can be operated to illuminate a plurality of locations of a sample concurrently by a single excitation frequency, which can be generated, e.g., by shifting the central frequency of a laser beam by a radiofrequency.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the present disclosure are directed to detecting species within a fluid using a multi-pass absorption cell and a spectrometer. The absorption cell includes a plurality of mirrors arranged in a manner such that a detection light traverses multiple passes through the fluid within the absorption cell. In some implementations, the detection light is reflected by the plurality of mirrors to form optical paths in more than one plane. The system also includes an electronic unit configured to receive and process spectral data from the spectrometer. In some implementations, the electronic unit communicates with at least one computational unit over a communication interface to send a portion of the spectral data for processing. The electronic unit may also receive processed data from the computational unit.