Abstract: A pyrotechnic process for providing very high purity hydrogen, includes the combustion of at least one solid pyrotechnic charge capable of generating hydrogen-containing gas for the production of a pressurized hot hydrogen-containing gas that contains at least 70% by volume of hydrogen; and the purification of at least one portion of the pressurized hydrogen-containing gas, by passing through a metallic hydrogen separation membrane maintained at a temperature above 250° C., in order to obtain, at the outlet of the membrane, a hydrogen-containing gas that contains at least 99.99% by volume of hydrogen.

Abstract: A method and system for producing hydrogen gas, heat and an oxide component using water splitting process is disclosed. The system comprises a dry first chamber containing a passivating-oxide preventing agent that receives a solid material feedstock and dissolves the solid material feedstock in the passivating-oxide preventing agent. The passivating-oxide preventing agent becomes saturated with the solid material in the first chamber and is then transferred to a second chamber without contact with water. In the second chamber, the solid material saturated in the passivating-oxide preventing agent reacts with the water so as to generate hydrogen gas, an oxide component and heat. Following the reaction, the solid material depleted passivating-oxide preventing agent and water is recycled to be re-used in the water splitting process.

Abstract: A liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of the CPOX reaction zone can include a hydrogen barrier. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel.

Abstract: Process for producing a hydrogen-containing product gas while impeding corrosion of piping operatively connecting a condensate separator and a pressure swing adsorption unit by heating the effluent gas stream from the condensate separator well above the dew point of the effluent gas stream to prevent liquid water in the stream. Heating of the effluent gas stream is provided without deteriorating the energy efficiency of the process.

Abstract: SuperSulf process refers to an innovative reactor design consisting of internal cooling and heating thermoplate exchangers where it is filled by the Claus type catalysts between plates in the SRU and hydrogenation catalysts in the tail gas unit. SuperSulf reactor consists of 3 reactor zones in the sulfur recovery which operates as a SubDewPoint process where the mode of operation are controlled by switching valves on the utilities streams high pressure steam and high quality water and steam where the first 2 zones operate as hot and cold and switches to cold and hot where the produced sulfur is condensed. The third zone operates as cold all the time where consists of the last sulfur condenser by producing Low pressure steam. The tail gas unit consists of 2 reactor zones of hydrogenation reactor and hydrolysis reactor with internal plate cooling then followed by the tail gas amine with a selective solvent.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a difluorophosphate, which can easily and industrially advantageously produce a high-purity difluorophosphate.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for preparing a graphene-structured material. The apparatus includes a supply hopper configured to supply graphite oxide; a supply line of which an end is connected to a lower end of the supply hopper; a reducing atmosphere gas supply unit connected to a side of the supply line; a vertical fluidized bed furnace of which a lower part is connected to another end of the supply line and configured to reduce the supplied graphite oxide with thermal-expansion; a discharge line of which an end is connected to an upper part of the vertical fluidized bed furnace; a vibrating type vertical micro filter connected to an opening portion on a side of the discharge line; a vacuum pump connected to the vertical micro filter; and a collector positioned under the vertical micro filter and connected to another end of the discharge line.

Abstract: A method in which a parent hydrocarbon-rich material is processed so as to produce both a carbon-rich solid material that has a higher carbon to hydrogen ratio than that of the parent material and a carbon-deficient combustible gas that has a lower carbon to hydrogen ratio than the parent material. In the process, the material is activated by exposing it to a hot gas stream having elevated levels of one or both of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The combustible gas is combusted to produce heat. At least about 80% of the heat is used in one ore more endothermic steps that include drying coal or biomass.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for preparing high-purity crystalline silica particles by mixing colloidal silica with an organic base to form a mixed sol. The mixed sol is heated up to a reaction temperature of about 180 degrees Celsius or above, which is held for a reaction time of about 8 to about 168 hours for a hydrothermal synthesis process in the mixed sol. A gravitational setting or a centrifugation is performed on the mixed sol to provide precipitates from the mixed sol. The precipitates are washed with deionized water to remove residual organic base. The washed precipitates are dried at about 60 to about 80 degrees Celsius and are collected and packaged to obtain high-purity crystalline silica particles.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to new methods for generating energy and useful nitrogen compounds from captured carbon dioxide. It involves employing an osmotic engine, draw solution, and feed solution. An osmotic gradient between the solutions assists in generating energy and a solution of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or mixture thereof. This solution may be decomposed to form ammonia, carbon dioxide, a precipitate, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A filter press system for water desalination may comprise: a frame; a plurality of filter plates configured to form a stack of parallel plates, each of filter plates being movably attached to the frame, the filter plates further being configured to form a multiplicity of chambers, each of the chambers being formed by adjacent filter plates, each of the chambers being lined by filter cloths and substantially filled with beads, wherein the plurality of filter plates, the multiplicity of chambers and the filter cloths are configured to allow water vapor to escape from the chambers while retaining salts from the water to form a filter cake; a heater, for heating the water in the chambers; a condenser for condensing the water vapor; and a separator for separating the beads from the filter cake after the filter cake is released from the chambers.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for treating waste water. The process involves contacting waste water with an emulsion of a nano scale compound comprising iron, magnesium, or both. Mixing results in a substantially foam-like layer at the surface of the mixture and treated water which may be separated.

Abstract: A method for preparing an adsorbent for removing organic dyes from water includes reacting egg white with hydrochloric acid. The reaction can include mixing egg white with water to form a solution, and adding the acid to the solution to form a precipitate. The precipitate can be filtered, washed, and dried to provide the adsorbent. The adsorbent can be contacted with wastewater contaminated with organic pollutants to remove the organic pollutants from the wastewater. The organic pollutants can include p-nitrophenol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to radiation reactors for sanitizing fluids. In particular the present invention concerns a radiation reactor for a fluid, whereby the radiation reactor comprises a tubular casing having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, and, the radiation reactor also comprises a radiating element, with the radiation element being arranged within the tubular casing. As a fluid is passed into the tubular casing through the fluid inlet, a first direction of rotation is imparted to the fluid. The fluid is discharged from the tubular casing through the fluid outlet, after the fluid has been irradiated by the radiating element.

Abstract: A mobile HEB and TEP mitigation device includes a mobile body capable of movement within or upon a body of water. Located within the mobile body is a hydrodynamic separation system which includes a water inlet, a hydrodynamic separation unit and a collection tank. The hydrodynamic separation unit includes two outputs, one for a clean stream output line containing clean water and arranged to re-circulate the clean water, and another for a concentrate stream output line, the concentrate stream output line configured to place concentrated water containing potentially harmful bio-organic materials into the collection tank. Also included on the mobile body is a power source and an engine/steering unit, wherein the steering portion of the engine/steering unit provides a capacity to move the mobile body in an intended direction. The mitigation device may also be used as an embedded part of an on-shore arrangement.

Abstract: An electrolytic bath for manufacturing acidic water capable of ensuring sufficient conductivity through wide surfaces of electrodes and stability of the surfaces of the electrodes to electrolyze tap water as well as RO water or DI water, especially, by coupling electrodes having the same polarity as one to apply a power source to the electrodes having the same polarity at the same time without using an additional catalytic agent or ion exchange resin, and use of the acidic water are provided. In particular, an electrolytic bath for manufacturing acidic water capable of obtaining a high concentration of acidic water by further forming mesh electrodes having a polarity different from the plurality of electrodes on a surface of an ion exchange membrane to widen an area of the electrodes and minimize a distance between the electrodes, thereby further facilitating a redox reaction, and use of the acidic water are provided.

Abstract: A method and system for injecting a pulsed radio frequency signal into a fluid-containing system in order to create and propagate an electromagnetic field throughout the fluid-containing system. Use electromagnetic field may be used to prevent the formation and build-up of scale in the fluid-containing system and/or to prevent the proliferation of bacteria within the fluid-containing system. The method and system may also be used to inject a pulsed radio frequency signal at a number of points in a fluid-containing system, or to inject a pulsed radio frequency signal to a number of independent fluid-containing systems.

Abstract: Stabilized catalyst detergent compositions are provided in solid formulations of detergents including an active oxygen source and/or a highly alkaline detergent composition. The compositions are suitable for use with additional detergent and/or bleaching compositions while providing stabilized catalysts within a polymeric matrix. Methods or process for manufacturing the compositions, and methods of use for cleaning are disclosed.

Abstract: A method comprising the claimed oven, blowing units, and heaters inside a blowing chamber in an oven where convection air is blown through nozzle rows and wherein a roll space and a suction space are separated with the help of pressure from each other by extending the length and/or width of a spacer plate which measures essentially larger than the length and/or width of a spacer plate or by arranging gaps or part which constricts the flow of the convection air between the roll space and the suction space where the gaps or part has an effect on the pressure of suction channels, suction channels extension, or of the suction space so that the convection air is sucked at least mainly from the rolls space through the mentioned suction channels, suction channels extension, and the suction space.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide for supporting a source glass sheet and defining an at least partially non-straight cutting line that establishes a closed pattern that circumscribes a desired final shape; scoring the glass sheet at an initiation line using a mechanical scoring device; applying a laser beam to the glass sheet starting at the initiation line and continuously moving the laser beam relative to the glass sheet along the cutting line to elevate a temperature of the glass sheet at the cutting line to a substantially consistent temperature, where the laser beam is of a circular shape; and applying a cooling fluid simultaneously with the application of the laser beam, such that the cooling fluid at least reduces the temperature of the glass sheet in order to propagate a fracture in the glass sheet along the cutting line.

Abstract: Provided is a glass base material hanging mechanism that, when hanging a starting member or a glass base material, can tightly (solidly) connect the hanging shaft tube and the hanging component and can vertically align the hanging component and the center of the glass base material.

Abstract: Rotary spinner apparatuses, systems and methods for producing fibers from molten materials are disclosed. Certain exemplary embodiments include rotary spinners including a hub, a slinger, an annular member, a retaining member, and a plurality of fasteners. In certain embodiments the hub, the retaining member, and the plurality of fasteners are structured to limit axial movement of the annular member relative to the hub member and to allow radial expansion and contraction of the annular member relative to the hub member. In certain embodiments the annular member is structured to contact the hub at a plurality of contact areas and is spaced apart from the hub at a plurality of gap areas. In certain embodiments the slinger is structured to contact the hub at a plurality of contact areas and is spaced apart from the hub at a plurality of gap areas.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to glass frits containing phosphors that can be used in LED lighting devices and for methods associated therewith for making the phosphor containing glass frit and their use in glass articles, for example, LED devices.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to chemically and mechanically durable glass compositions and glass articles formed from the same. In another embodiment, a glass composition may include from about 70 mol. % to about 80 mol. % SiO2; from about 3 mol. % to about 13 mol. % alkaline earth oxide; X mol. % Al2O3; and Y mol. % alkali oxide. The alkali oxide may include Na2O in an amount greater than about 8 mol. %. A ratio of Y:X may be greater than 1 and the glass composition may be free of boron and compounds of boron. In some embodiments, the glass composition may also be free of phosphorous and compounds of phosphorous. Glass articles formed from the glass composition may have at least a class S3 acid resistance according to DIN 12116, at least a class A2 base resistance according to ISO 695, and a type HGA1 hydrolytic resistance according to ISO 720.

Abstract: Provided are a heating element, which includes: a transparent substance; a conductive heating line that is provided on at least one side of the transparent substance; bus bars that is electrically connected to the conductive heating line; and a power portion that is connected to the bus bars, wherein 30% or more of the entire area of the transparent substance has a conductive heating line pattern in which, when the straight line that intersects the conductive heating line is drawn, a ratio (distance distribution ratio) of standard deviation in respects to an average value of distances between adjacent intersection points of the straight line and the conductive heating line is 2% or more, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to Ni-inclusive ternary alloy being provided as a barrier layer for protecting an IR reflecting layer comprising silver or the like. The provision of a barrier layer comprising nickel, chromium, and/or molybdenum and/or oxides thereof may improve corrosion resistance, as well as chemical and mechanical durability. In certain examples, more than one barrier layer may be used on at least one side of the layer comprising silver. In still further examples, a NixCryMoz-based layer may be used as the functional layer, rather than or in addition to as a barrier layer, in a coating.

Abstract: A glass container that includes a microwave susceptor coating on an exterior surface thereof, and a process for healing flaws in an exterior portion of the glass container. When the glass container is exposed to microwave radiation, the microwave susceptor coating generates heat and selectively and locally provides a major portion of such heat to regions of glass in the exterior portion of the glass container that are in close proximity to the flaws. These regions of glass in the exterior portion of the glass container may be selectively and locally heated so that the glass therein can flow and thereby fill-in the flaws in the exterior portion of the glass container. This process can be used to heal flaws in an exterior portion of a glass container without impairing the structural integrity of the glass container.

Abstract: An inerting process for impurities in aggregates intended for preparation of hydraulic or hydrocarbon compositions, includes adding to the composition or to one of its constituents a cationic polymer corresponding to at least one derivative of a natural polymer or a polymer of natural origin selected from the group including dextrin (in particular yellow dextrin and white dextrin), chitosan, chitin, alginates, hemicellulose, pectin, polyols or proteins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method for modifying a hydratable cementitious composition such as concrete or mortar using at least three different, distinct carboxylate polymers, even when clay is present in the concrete or mortar that would otherwise diminish dosage efficiency of polycarboxylate polymer used as dispersant. The three polycarboxylate polymers, designated as Polymer I, Polymer II, and Polymer II, are derived from monomer Components A, B, and C wherein Component A is an unsaturated carboxylic acid, Component B is a polyoxyalkylene, and Component C is an unsaturated carboxylate ester. The component molar ratio ranges for A:B:C are different as between Polymers I and II; while a distinct component molar ratio A:B+C is identified for Polymer III. When treated with these three different polycarboxylate polymers, the hydratable cementitious composition is surprisingly enhanced in terms of initial workability and slump retention, especially if clay is present.

Abstract: A freeze-thaw durable, dimensionally stable, geopolymer composition including: cementitious reactive powder including thermally activated aluminosilicate mineral, aluminate cement preferably selected from at least one of calcium sulfoaluminate cement and calcium aluminate cement, and calcium sulfate selected from at least one of calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, and anhydrous calcium sulfate; alkali metal chemical activator; and a freeze-thaw durability component selected from at least one of air-entraining agent, defoaming agent, and surface active organic polymer; wherein the composition has an air content of about 4% to 20% by volume, more preferably about 4% to 12% by volume, and most preferably about 4% to 8% by volume. The compositions are made from a slurry wherein the water/cementitious reactive powder weight ratio is 0.14 to 0.45:1, preferably 0.16 to 0.35:1, and more preferably 0.18 to 0.25:1. Methods for making the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A component includes a body including zircon (ZrSiO4) grains, the body having a free silica intergranular phase present between the zircon grains and distributed substantially uniformly through the body. The body comprises a content of free silica not greater than about 2 wt. % for the total weight of the body.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte is made of zirconia grains containing yttria and alumina grains dispersed in the zirconia grains. In the solid electrolyte, the yttria content per zirconia content is within a range of 2 to 10 mol. %, the relative density is not less than 93%, and the average particle size Rz of the zirconia grains is not more than 2 ?m, an average particle size Ra of the alumina grains is not more than 1 ?m. The average particle size Ra of the alumina grains is smaller than the average particle size Rz of the zirconia grains. An average distance value ALa between the alumina grains is not more than 2 ?m, and a standard deviation SLa thereof is not more than 0.8. The solid electrolyte satisfies a relationship of (SLa/ALa)×Rz?0.9.

Abstract: The invention relates to titanium diboride granules comprising aggregates of titanium diboride primary particles, wherein the titanium diboride granules have a rounded shape and are fracture-resistant. The invention further relates to a method for producing these titanium diboride granules, the use thereof for covering graphite cathodes in electrolytic cells in Al fused-salt electrolysis or for repairing holes in cathode bases of electrolytic cells and also a method for repairing holes in cathode bases of electrolytic cells.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing polycrystalline abrasive elements consisting of micron, sub-micron or nano-sized ultrahard abrasives dispersed in micron, sub-micron or nano-sized matrix materials. A plurality of ultrahard abrasive particles having vitreophilic surfaces are coated with a matrix precursor material and then treated to render them suitable for sintering. The matrix precursor material can be converted to an oxide, nitride, carbide, oxynitride, oxycarbide, or carbonitride, or an elemental form thereof. The coated ultrahard abrasive particles are consolidated and sintered at a pressure and temperature at which they are crystallographically or thermodynamically stable.

Abstract: A transparent, tape casted, spinel article, as defined herein. Also disclosed is a method of method of making the tape casted, transparent spinel, and laminates of the tape casted. transparent spinel, as defined herein.

Abstract: A method for the joining of ceramic pieces with a hermetically sealed joint comprising brazing a layer of joining material between the two pieces. The wetting and flow of the joining material is controlled by the selection of the joining material, the joining temperature, the joining atmosphere, and other factors. The ceramic pieces may be on a non-diffusable type, such as aluminum nitride, alumina, beryllium oxide, and zirconia, and the pieces may be brazed with an aluminum alloy under controlled atmosphere. The joint material is adapted to later withstand both the environments within a process chamber during substrate processing, and the oxygenated atmosphere which may be seen within the shaft of a heater or electrostatic chuck.

Abstract: A method of creating a component comprises forming a substrate and depositing a template material within the substrate, such that there are a plurality of template member. The component is heated to a temperature above a melting point of the template material, such that the template material wicks into a porosity of the substrate and forms a component with voids. An average hydraulic diameter of the voids is less than 1 millimeter. A component formed by the method, and the component itself are also disclosed.

Abstract: A water-dispersible particle is provided that has a crystalline matrix formed of a potassium salt, a phosphate salt, of a combination thereof. Embedded in the matrix are at least 100 insoluble granules of at least one macronutrient or micronutrient. The granules, and the matrix present in a form such that contact with water causes particle dispersion into more than 100 pieces in a time period of up to 1 hour. A process of forming a fertilizer particle includes the granulation of a quantity of insoluble material to a size where the majority by weight is between 0.02 and 3 millimeters to from granules. The granules are agglomerated into the fertilizer particle containing at least 100 of the granules with a solution of a potassium salt, a phosphate salt, of a combination thereof through solvent removal to form the crystalline matrix in which the granules are embedded.

Abstract: Provided is a gas generating composition that maintains stable ignition performance for a long period. A gas generating composition includes: a gas generating agent including (a) fuel selected from a triazine compound and a guanidine compound, (b) an oxidizing agent including a Combination of (b-1) basic metal nitrate and (b-2) basic metal carbonate, and (c) a binder; and (d) an absorbent. The gas generating agent and the absorbent may not be integrally molded or may be integrally molded.

Abstract: A process for producing short-chain olefins by conversion of oxygenates in a multi-stage fixed-bed reactor, in which the individual stages for reaction zones are covered with beds of a granular, form-selective zeolite catalyst and the feed mixture containing oxygenates is added distributed over the reaction stages. An increase of the availability of the fixed-bed reactor for the olefin production with the same or an increased yield of short-chain olefins is achieved in that one or more reaction zones are charged with a distinctly reduced mass flow of the feed mixture containing oxygenates, wherein the reduced mass flow fraction is distributed over other reaction zones.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a paraffinic hydrocarbon compound, such as an alkane or alkylaromatic hydrocarbon compound to produce an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound, such as an olefin or vinyl aromatic compound or mixture thereof, in which a dehydrogenation catalyst contacts gaseous reactant hydrocarbons in a reactor at dehydrogenation conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing linear butenes from methanol. The problem addressed is that of specifying such a method in which the methanol used is converted, to the largest possible extent, into butenes. The problem is solved by combining a methanol-to-propylene process with a metathesis reaction by means of which the propene obtained from the methanol is converted into linear butenes.

Abstract: The invention separating material and separation method make it possible to separate and collect 1,3-butadiene selectively from a mixed gas containing 1,3-butadiene and a C4 hydrocarbon other than 1,3-butadiene. A separating material capable of adsorbing 1,3-butadiene selectively includes: a dicarboxylic acid compound (I) represented by formula (I) (wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or the like); a metal ion such as a zinc ion and a cobalt ion; and a metal complex having such a structure that multiple pseudo-diamondoid frameworks are intruded mutually, wherein each of the pseudo-diamondoid frameworks comprises an organic ligand (II) that is represented by formula (II) (wherein X represents —CH2—, —CH2—CH2—, —CH?CH— or the like; and R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 and R12 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or the like) and is capable of being bidentately coordinated with the metal ion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of catalytic fluorination in gas phase of product 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane or/and 1,1,2,2,3-pentachloropropane into product 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorination process, comprising: an activation stage comprising contacting a fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow for at least one hour; and at least one reaction stage comprising reacting a chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of the fluorination catalyst, so as to produce a fluorinated compound.

Abstract: An improved process for producing perfluoroalkyl iodides of formula (I) F(CF2CF2)n—I??(I) wherein n is an integer from 2 to 3, wherein the improvement comprises thermolyzing at least one perfluoroalkyl iodide of formula (II), optionally in the presence of perfluoroethyl iodide, formula (III) F(CF2CF2)m—I??(II) F(CF2CF2)p—I??(III) wherein m is an integer greater than or equal to 4, and p is 1, wherein a) the molar ratio of formula (III) to formula (II) is less than 1.0, b) the residence time is from about 0.1 to about 10 seconds, and c) the temperature is from about 450° C. to about 500° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds from a (hydro)fluoroalkene, the process comprising contacting a composition comprising the (hydro)fluoroalkene and one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds with an aluminum-containing absorbent, activated carbon, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a chlorinated alkene, comprising contacting a chlorinated alkane with a catalyst in a dehydrochlorination zone to produce a liquid reaction mixture comprising the chlorinated alkane and the chlorinated alkene, and extracting chlorinated alkene from the reaction mixture, wherein the concentration of the chlorinated alkene in the reaction mixture present in the dehydrochlorination zone is controlled such that the molar ratio of chlorinated alkene:chlorinated alkane is from 1:99 to 50:50.

Abstract: Provided are a method of preparing an alkanol and a device for preparing the same. According to the method and device, economic feasibility and stability of a preparation process may be enhanced, and mass production of an alkanol may be performed.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of an alcohol composition containing nitrogen-containing contaminants by contacting the alcohol composition in the vapor phase with an adsorbent in an adsorption zone.