Abstract: This invention provides a PSA sheet that allows prevention or reduction of damage such as fracture with efficient stretch removability. A stretchable PSA sheet is provided, comprising a PSA layer and a film-like substrate supporting the PSA layer. The PSA sheet has a long section. The long section has a tapered segment that extends, tapering to a first end of the length direction and the film-like substrate has a minimum cross-sectional area larger than 0.30 mm2 in the tapered segment.

Abstract: An optical laminate body including: a substrate; and an adhesive layer formed on substrate, wherein the optical laminate body is used such that a surface thereof on the adhesive layer side is attached to a glass-made light-emitting surface member, a relationship n3?n2?n1 is satisfied where n1 is a refractive index of the glass that constitutes light-emitting surface member, n2 is a refractive index of the adhesive layer, and n3 is a refractive index of the substrate, the adhesive layer is composed of an acrylic adhesive composition containing an acrylic resin (A), and the acrylic resin (A) is a copolymer of a copolymerizable component [I] containing 40% by weight to 93% by weight of an aromatic ring-containing monomer (a1), and 7% by weight to 60% by weight of a hydroxy group-containing monomer (a2), the weight average molecular weight of the acrylic resin (A) being 200,000 or less.

Abstract: Tape backings with a first major side and an oppositely-facing second major side, wherein the first major side includes coextensive, intersecting microstructured paint-retention and hand-tear patterns; and, tapes including such backings, and methods of making and using such tapes and tape backings.

Abstract: A water soluble adhesive for use in assembling toy interlocking plastic building blocks is disclosed which add strength to assembled structures yet enables easy disassembly and reuse.

Abstract: Method for coagulating an aqueous polymer dispersion, where the aqueous polymer dispersion comprises at least one polymer in dispersion in aqueous phase, and also comprises thermally expandable, thermoplastic microspheres, the polymer dispersion is coagulated by energy input, and the coagulated composition is delivered via an outlet aperture, preferably in the form of a nozzle.

Abstract: Provided is an adhesive composition whose initial adhesive strength (A) and adhesive strength at increased temperature (B) satisfy a ratio (B/A) of 2.0 or lower, wherein the (A) value is measured through a peeling test after a sample is left for 24 hours at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity, and the (B) value is measured through a peeling test after a sample is left for 48 hours at 50° C. and 50% RH; the sample is prepared by laminating an adhesive-attached polarizing plate having a size of 25 mm×100 mm on a substrate at a pressure of 0.25 MPa and treating the laminate in an autoclave, the adhesive being formed from the adhesive composition; and the peeling test is performed by peeling the adhesive from the glass substrate at a peeling rate of 300 mm/min and a peeling angle of 180° using a universal testing machine.

Abstract: A polarizing plate including an adhesive film for polarizing plates and an optical display including the polarizing plate, the adhesive film being formed from an adhesive composition for polarizing plates, the adhesive composition including a tertiary amine group-containing (meth)acrylic copolymer; a cellulose resin; an isocyanate compound; and a metal chelate compound.

Abstract: An epoxy adhesive that is adapted to enable spray delivery and seamless polymerization during epoxy resin vacuum infusion techniques is disclosed. The epoxy adhesive can include one or more epoxy resins and one or more solvents that are used to dissolve the one or more epoxy resins. An adduct, a tackifier, and fumed silica can also be added to the adhesive.

Abstract: Thermoplastic Polyimide (TPI) polymer adhesive coated laminating film in which the TPI coating is under cured or B-staged as well as the process for preparing the film is disclosed.

Abstract: A working medium for a heat pump, including: 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene; at least one of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane; and at least one of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene.

Abstract: A refrigerant composition consisting essentially of R227ea 3-9% R134a 25-70% R125 3-35% R32 10-35% together with an optional hydrocarbon component; wherein the amounts are by weight and are selected to total 100%.

Abstract: Heat transfer compositions, methods, efficiencies, and systems are disclosed. The compositions have four or more heat transfer components/constituents that have been selected such that the compositions provide an operating performance and energy efficiency that are comparable to, or better than, the performance of R22 and currently available R22 replacements. The four or more constituents have sequenced boiling temperatures that work together to extend the phase change, thereby elongating the heat absorption phase and increasing efficiency. In some embodiments the heat transfer constituents include 15-25% by weight R32, 1-5% by weight R125, 50-70% by weight R134a, and 10-20% by weight R227ea. The compositions may also include 0.5-3.5% by weight R236.

Abstract: A polyamide resin composition containing a polyamide resin (A) and a property imparting component. The composition comprises relative to 100 parts by volume of the polyamide resin (A), as the property imparting component, 50 to less than 100 parts by volume of flake graphite (B), 5 to 40 parts by volume of carbon fibers (C), and 0.1 to 5 parts by volume of a polyhydric alcohol (D).

Abstract: The invention is a low binder, wear resistant material including, in weight percent of raw materials, from 15% to 20% of molybdenum carbide added in either elemental or compound form, an alloy of 0.9% to 3% cobalt, nickel or a combination of cobalt and nickel, of 0 to 0.1% of chromium carbide, optionally also titanium carbide or titanium tungsten carbide and the balance of tungsten carbide.

Abstract: Antifreeze proteins having an ice-binding site, such as those derived from the Marinomonas primoryensis bacterium, may be used in additive compositions, fluid compositions, and methods for depressing the freezing point of the fluid compositions. The fluid composition may include the antifreeze protein and a base fluid, such as drilling fluids, servicing fluids, production fluids, completion fluids, injection fluids, refinery fluids, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Methods including providing a wellbore in a subterranean formation; providing a proposed cement slurry; calculating a fluid migration threshold; manipulating the proposed cement slurry based on the fluid migration threshold so as to produce a fluid migration resistant cement slurry; introducing the fluid migration resistant cement slurry into the wellbore in the subterranean formation; and curing the fluid migration resistant cement slurry in the wellbore in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of oil and natural gas well cementation engineering, in particular to a foam stabilizer composition, foamed cement slurry and an additive composition thereof. The foam stabilizer composition comprises C6-C20 alkyl amido alkyl amine oxide, C6-C20 alkyl amido alkyl betaine, and triterpenoid saponin compound. The foam stabilizer composition provided in the present invention is helpful for forming foamed cement slurry that has high foam stability, and the foam stabilizer composition can work with other active components in the foamed slurry additive composition provided in the present invention to enable the foamed cement slurry that contains the additive composition to obtain low density, high foam stability, low permeability, and high compressive strength, which is especially applicable to well cementing operation in an oil and natural gas exploration and development process.

Abstract: Proppants for use in fractured or gravel packed/frac packed oil and gas wells are provided with a contaminant removal component to remove one or more of the contaminants found in subterranean water/hydrocarbon from a production well. The water/hydrocarbon cleaning proppant solids may be used as discrete particles in a proppant formulation, as a coating on proppant solids in pores of a porous proppant solid or as part of the proppant's internal structure. The contaminant removal component removes contaminants, especially dissolved contaminants, in the subterranean water or hydrocarbon before the water/hydrocarbon leaves the well. For those contaminant removal components that can be regenerated, such as ion exchange resins, a measured quantity of an acidic regeneration solution can be injected into the fractured stratum for regeneration and recovered when the well resumes production.

Abstract: A method of treating a carbonate hydrocarbon-bearing formation is disclosed. The method includes contacting the hydrocarbon-bearing formation with a composition comprising solvent and a fluorinated amine oxide. Carbonate hydrocarbon-bearing formations treated according to the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to fluorescent marking compositions and their use to determine whether a surface has been cleaned. More particularly, the marking compositions comprise fluorescent polymers.

Abstract: Provided herein are heptamethine cyanine dyes having a large Stokes shift, and the salts and conjugates thereof. Also provided are methods of using and making such large Stokes shift dyes as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) acceptors or donors.

Abstract: Novel compounds in the classes of Imidazo[1,2-?]pyrazines and Imidazo[1,2-?]quinoxalines with a methoxy group modification show unique spectral properties when used as a substrate for luciferases and photo-proteins. Methoxy e-Coelenterazine an Imidazo[1,2-?] quinoxaline shifts the emission wavelength by 80 nm to blue light compared to e-Coelenterazine, using Renilla reniformis luciferase. The novel analogs described here are useful in combination with fluorescent proteins to create BRET (bioluminescent resonance energy transfer) and for other luminescent assays. In addition these novel compounds can be used in novelty items and for entertaining purposes to create different light emitting colors using the same luciferase or photoprotein.

Abstract: The invention provides a lighting unit having a light source, configured to generate light source light, and a light converter, configured remote of the light source and configured to convert at least part of the light source light into luminescent material light. The light converter includes (a) a yellow light emitting cerium containing garnet luminescent material, (b) a green light emitting luminescent material, (c) a red light emitting organic luminescent material, and (d) a particulate scattering material.

Abstract: There are provided a phosphor which is a divalent europium-activated oxynitride phosphor substantially represented by General formula (A): EuaSibAlcOdNe, a divalent europium-activated oxynitride phosphor substantially represented by General formula (B): MIfEugSihAlkOmNn or a divalent europium-activated nitride phosphor substantially represented by General formula (C): (MII1-pEup)MIIISiN3, having a reflectance of light emission in a longer wavelength region of visible light than a peak wavelength of 95% or larger, and a method of producing such phosphor; a nitride phosphor and an oxynitride phosphor which emit light efficiently and stably by the light having a wavelength ranging from 430 to 480 nm from a semiconductor light emitting device by means of a light emitting apparatus using such phosphor, and a producing method of such phosphor; and a light emitting apparatus having stable characteristics and realizing high efficiency.

Abstract: A phosphor indicated by general formula MeaRebSicAldNeOf. In the formula: Me has Sr as an essential element thereof and can include one or more types of element selected from Na, Li, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sc, Y, and La; and Re has Eu as an essential element thereof and can include one or more types of element selected from Mn, Ce, Tb, Yb, and Sm. In addition, when a=1?x, b=x, c=(2+2p)×(1?y), d=(2+2p)×y, e=(1+4p)×(1?z), and f=(1+4p)×z, parameters p, x, y, and z fulfill the following: 1.620<p<1.635, 0.005<x<0.300, 0.200<y<0.250, and 0.070<z<0.110. A light-emitting device with high luminance is provided by using this phosphor.

Abstract: Metal halide scintillators are described. More particularly, the scintillators include doped (e.g., europium-doped) ternary metal halides, such as those of the formulas A2BX4 and AB2X5, wherein A is an alkali metal, such as Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof; B is an alkali earth metal, such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or any combination thereof; and X is a halide, such as Cl, Br, I, F or any combination thereof. Radiation detectors comprising the novel metal halide scintillators and other ternary metal halides, such as those of the formulas A2EuX4 and AEu2X5, wherein A is an alkali metal and X is a halide, are also described.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems are disclosed for chemically etching parts by generating an enclosed chemical etching chamber in contact with a part surface and directing a flow of chemical etchant solution in contact with a part region to be etched.

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive comprising at least 95 wt. % of a mixture consisting of at least one organic filter filtering UVA, at least one organic filter filtering UVB, and from 1 to 50 wt. % of at least one non-volatile oil that is a solvent for said filters. This composition is particularly useful as an agent for protecting the organoleptic properties of a transparent cosmetic composition, against UV radiation.

Abstract: A soil stabilization mixture comprising a mixture of soil to be stabilized, fibers and binder. The soil and the fibers are mixed together. The binder, which acts as a chemical stabilizer, is then added and mixing continues. The mixture is then applied to the soil to be stabilized and the stabilized soil is then compacted. The fibers can be recycled carpet fibers, fiber reinforced polymer, biofibers or a mixture thereof. The binder includes mixtures of Portland cement and at least one of crushed glass, metakaolin and ground blast furnace slag.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device including a specific liquid crystal composition and a sealant containing the cured product of a specific curable resin composition. The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device which prevents a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of the liquid crystal layer and an increase in ion density (ID) and which enables elimination of problematic defective display such as voids, uneven alignment, and screen burn-in. Since the liquid crystal display device of the present invention prevents a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of the liquid crystal layer and enables a reduction in defective display such as uneven alignment and screen burn-in, it is particularly useful for active-matrix liquid crystal display devices of an IPS mode and FFS mode and can be applied to liquid crystal display apparatuses such as liquid crystal TVs, monitors, mobile phones, and smartphones.

Abstract: The liquid crystal composition of the present invention is used for liquid crystal display devices of an IPS mode, a TN mode, and the like that have a high response speed and do not easily cause display defectiveness such as ghosting or dropping marks. The liquid crystal composition contains a component which is a dielectrically positive component containing a dielectrically positive compound and a dielectrically neutral component which exhibits dielectric anisotropy greater than ?2 and smaller than +2. The liquid crystal composition has excellent properties in which the composition forms a liquid crystal phase in a wide temperature range, has a low viscosity, dissolves excellently at a low temperature, has a high degree of specific resistance and voltage holding ratio, and is stable with respect to heat or light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition is described, containing at least one compound selected from compounds of formula (1) and at least one compound selected from compounds of formula (2): wherein, for example, X is —OH or —COOH; Z1 is methylene; Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5 are a single bond; L is —CH?CH—CH?CH—; R1 is straight alkyl; P1, P2 and P3 are a polymerizable group; ring A and ring B are 1,4-phenylene or naphthalene-2,6-diyl; and a, b, c and d are 0 or 1.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide for efficient and economical production and recovery of ethanol or other volatile organic compounds. One embodiment comprises contacting a solid component of a biomass material with a solution adapted to facilitate saccharification. The solid component is generated by a method comprising: introducing a biomass material to a compartment of a solventless recovery system, wherein the biomass material contains one or more volatile organic compounds; contacting the biomass material with a superheated vapor stream in the compartment to vaporize at least a portion of an initial liquid content in the biomass material; separating a vapor component and a solid component from the heated biomass material; and retaining at least a portion of the gas component for use as part of the superheated vapor stream. In one embodiment, the solid component contacted with the solution is further subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis and/or fermentation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising a plant material and methods for using the same. The methods include extracting or removing a substance from a substrate, or remediating a substrate from a substance. The substance can comprise a hydrocarbon-containing substance, a protein, lipid, wax, fatty acid or fatty alcohol, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Digestion of cellulosic biomass to produce a hydrolysate may be accompanied by the formation of cellulosic fines which may be damaging to system components. Biomass conversion systems that may address the issue of cellulosic fines may comprise a fluid circulation loop comprising: a hydrothermal digestion unit; a solids separation unit that is in fluid communication with an outlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit; where the solids separation unit comprises a plurality of filters and the filters are in fluid communication with the fluid circulation loop in both a forward and a reverse flow direction; and a catalytic reduction reactor unit that is in fluid communication with an outlet of the solids separation unit and an inlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit; where at least one of the plurality of filters is in fluid communication with an inlet of the catalytic reduction reactor unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods achieve the conversion of polymer containing material into petroleum products such as hydrocarbon gas, wax, crude oil and diesel. The reactor and its system are designed to subject the polymer containing material to pyrolysis in a way that results in a higher petroleum product yield than conventional existing systems. The system has controls which allow for the heating temperature, rotation of the body, and throughput rate, to be adjusted depending on the reaction time required for the material inside the reactor. The condensing system is able to separate the products into the desired petroleum products by percentage output ranging from wax to crude-like oil to diesel-quality oil.

Abstract: In the production of fuel such as ethanol from carbonaceous feed material such as biomass, a stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is added to the raw gas stream derived from the feed material, and the resulting combined stream is converted into fuel and a gaseous byproduct such as by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The gaseous byproduct may be utilized in the formation of the aforementioned stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A carbon to liquids system comprising: a source of syngas; a first reactor coupled in flow communication with said syngas source and configured to receive a flow of syngas therein, said first reactor comprising a polymeric material, wherein said first reactor reacts the syngas and a catalyst in a Fischer-Tropsch reaction that produces a product comprising steam, wherein the polymeric material is configured to permit the permeation of the steam therethrough; and a recycle path coupled in flow communication with said first reactor, wherein said recycle path is configured to channel the permeated steam to a vessel positioned upstream from said first reactor. A method of operating a carbon to liquids system includes receiving a flow of syngas and reacting the syngas and a catalyst to produce a product including steam. The method also includes recycling the permeated steam to a vessel positioned upstream from the reactor.

Abstract: A method of treating tall oil pitch. In the present method, part of the fatty acids and the resin acids are released from their sterol esters and wood alcohol esters and converted into methanol esters or ethanol esters. The transesterified products are removed from the pitch by evaporation and then condensed, and by hydrogenating the generated condensate the acids are decarboxylated and the double bonds are satisfied. It is possible to use the present method to produce automotive fuel from tall oil pitch.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation. Hydrocarbon-containing materials are also used as feedstocks.

Abstract: A method for reducing sulfur and lowering viscosity in bunker oil by the steps of passing bunker oil over a core that ionizes the bunker oil with an electrostatic charge. The core consists of a metal bar being made of an alloy comprising, by weight, 40-70% copper, 10-32% nickel, 15-40% zinc, 2-20% tin and 0.05-10% silver. The metal bar of the core comprises a plurality of grooves, which allows the bunker oil to be agitated as it comes in contact with the core, activating an electrostatic charge. The electrostatic charge of the core creates a magnetic catalytic reaction that causes: (1) a molecular separation molecular chains within the bunker oil thereby lowering the viscosity of the bunker oil and (2) sulfur to merge with metals and create metal sulfides in the bunker oil thereby reducing the sulfur in the bunker oil.

Abstract: Process for preparing a hydrocarbon product from a solid carbonaceous fuel (8), the process at least comprising the steps of: (a) supplying a solid carbonaceous fuel (8) and an oxygen containing stream (9) to a burner of a gasification reactor (10), wherein a CO2 containing transport gas (30, 32) is used to transport the solid carbonaceous fuel (8) to the burner wherein the weight ratio of CO2 to the carbonaceous fuel in step (a) is less than 0.5 on dry basis.; (b) partially oxidising the carbonaceous fuel in the gasification reactor, thereby obtaining a gaseous stream at least comprising CO, CO2, and H2 (11); (c) removing the gaseous stream obtained in step (b) from the gasification reactor; (d) optionally shift converting (16) at least part of the gaseous stream as obtained in step (c) thereby obtaining a CO depleted stream, (e) subjecting the gaseous stream of step (c) and/or the optional CO depleted stream of step (d) to a Fischer-Tropsch reaction to obtain a hydrocarbon product (24).

Abstract: Disclosed is a renewable composition derived from the conversion of biomass at an elevated temperature, with conversion optionally in the presence of a catalyst, which is capable of reducing, and thereby improving, a low temperature property of a distillate. A process is also disclosed for mixing such renewable composition with the distillate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting an alcohol into a fuel mixture which consists of alcohol, ether and water and is suitable for operating a combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, converts the alcohol into the fuel mixture in a reactor at a suitable reaction temperature. The mixing ratio of alcohol fraction, ether fraction and water fraction in the fuel mixture is adjusted by controlling at least one reaction parameter of a reaction taking place in the reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of preparing a hydrocarbon oil blend having superior storage stability using a novel stability prediction model that is quick, easy and reliable; and a method of predicting the stability of a hydrocarbon blend.

Abstract: Non-food plant biomass is subjected hot-water extraction in a pressurized vessel at an elevated temperature up to about 250° C. without addition of reagents, to yield an aqueous extract containing hemicellulosic components and a lignocellulosic residue. The process leaves the lignocellulose substantially intact, but with the hemicellulosic content largely removed. The separated aqueous extract or liquor is concentrated and purified, and long-chain sugars are reduced into monomer saccharides. The lignocellulosic residue may be further processed, to yield a useful fibrous material that is highly resistant to sorption of water. This material may be used for composite materials that resist water degradation, or may be used to produce a higher thermal-yield, water-resistant fuel, or may be used as bioconversion feedstock for producing high-value, lignocellulosic derivatives.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a hydrogen generating fuel comprising grains comprising a promoter and AlH3, each grain having a size between 1 and 10 ?m. In some embodiments, the grains can be pressed into a porous pellet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multiple function dispersant viscosity index improver, a method of making the multiple function dispersant viscosity index improver, and a lubricating oil comprising the multiple function dispersant viscosity index improver. The multiple function dispersant viscosity index improver comprises two different functional groups, each directly grafted to a polymer backbone having graftable sites. The first functional group comprises the reaction product of an acylating agent and a first amine, the first amine comprising an aromatic primary amine, and the second functional group comprises the reaction product of an acylating agent and a second amine, the second amine comprising an aliphatic primary amine. The first functional group provides the dispersant viscosity index improver with soot handling performance attributes and the second functional group provides the dispersant viscosity index improver with sludge and varnish control performance attributes.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to a dispersant composition comprising the reaction product of a polyolefin acylating agent and an amine terminated or hydroxyl terminated polyether. In addition, the technology relates to lubricating compositions containing the dispersant composition and an optional synergistic amount of another dispersant, as well as methods of employing the dispersant composition in an engine and engine oils.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition having a low viscosity and an extremely high viscosity index as well as an excellent shearing stability. The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition including the following components (A) to (C): (A) a low-viscosity synthetic oil including a compound containing an ether bond in a molecule thereof and having a kinematic viscosity of less than 10 mm2/s as measured at 40° C., in which a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms to the number of carbon atoms as constituents of the compound (O/C ratio) and the kinematic viscosity (mm2/s) of the compound as measured at 40° C. satisfy the following formula (1): Kinematic Viscosity at 40° C.?12?[(O/C ratio)×30]??(1); (B) a high-viscosity synthetic oil as a hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil having a kinematic viscosity of 40 mm2/s or more as measured at 100° C.