Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preserving a mark on a metallic workpiece prior to a chemical etching process to remove a surface material from a surface of the workpiece carrying the mark, the method comprising the steps of: deepening the mark relative to the surface to form a first depth; and depositing a filling material into the first depth, wherein the filling material is adapted to be removed during the chemical process, such that a second depth is obtained at the mark after the chemical process.

Abstract: An inhibitor solution injector system for an IC decapsulation apparatus has a source reservoir of inhibitor solution, a fluid injection apparatus connected to the source reservoir by a fluid passage, an injection coupling having a first input passage for inhibitor solution, and a through passage for etchant solution, the input passage intersecting with the through passage, and control circuitry controlling the controlled fluid injection apparatus. The fluid injection apparatus is controlled to draw inhibitor solution from the source reservoir, and to inject inhibitor solution through the input passage into the through passage of the injection coupling.

Abstract: An automatic ammonia hydroxide deployment system comprises an ammonia hydroxide deployment device and an automatic ammonia hydroxide deployment controlling device. The ammonia hydroxide deployment device includes a chamber for storing ammonia hydroxide, an ammonia pipe and a water pipe. The automatic ammonia hydroxide deployment controlling device includes an electrical conductivity meter, a liquid level sensor and an operating controller. The electrical conductivity meter is for detecting an electrical conductivity of the ammonia hydroxide in the chamber. The operating controller is configured to obtain an ammonia concentration of the ammonia hydroxide according to the electrical conductivity of the ammonia hydroxide.

Abstract: Provided are a water decomposition apparatus and a water decomposition method that can maintain high gas generation efficiency even in an early stage of light irradiation and even in a case where time has elapsed and that can recover the gas generation amount of hydrogen gas or the like, can generate hydrogen gas or the like stably for a long time on an average, and can increase the integrated amount of generation of hydrogen for a long time, even in a case where time has elapsed and the gas generation amount of hydrogen gas or the like has decreased.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for converting biomass material into soluble substances by one-step, comprising: converting biomass materials into soluble substances by one-step by electrolyzing at a certain time under the condition of constant current using bipolar three-dimension-electrodes system, wherein bipolar three-dimension-electrodes system including an anode, a cathode, particle electrodes and electrolyte, and in electrolyzing process, the particle electrodes and the biomass materials being suspended in the electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a pair of bipolar plates and a membrane electrode assembly between the bipolar plates. The electrochemical cell further includes a first seal defining a high pressure zone, wherein the first seal is located between the bipolar plates and configured to contain a first fluid within the high pressure zone. Further, the electrochemical cell includes a second seal defining an intermediate pressure zone, wherein the second seal is located between the bipolar plates and configured to contain a second fluid within the intermediate pressure zone. The first seal is configured to leak the first fluid into the intermediate pressure zone when the first seal unseats.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical process for the reduction of molecular oxygen in alkaline solutions in the presence of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, in which no hydrogen peroxide forms as a by-product of the reduction.

Abstract: A method of safely generating hydrogen gas for use in motor vehicles to increase the performance and decrease the emissions of the internal-combustion engine of the motor vehicle, and of controlling the safe generation and use of hydrogen gas in motor vehicles, using a hydrogen generator having close-spaced metal electrolysis plates in the generator housing, configured to inject hydrogen into the intake manifold or alternatively into the combustion chamber, and a control system monitoring and controlling gas level, liquid levels, temperature, pressure, flow rate, electric current, and tachometer, with monitoring and overriding control from the cab of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method comprising: electrodepositing a film comprising a Nb—Sn material onto a copper substrate surface from an electrolyte bath comprising (a) SnCl2, (b) NbCl5, and (c) (i) 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC), (ii) 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIC), or (iii) a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Formation of an authentication element by deposition of a metal layer with embedded particles on a metal substrate, wherein the embedded particles are configured to convert energy from one wavelength to another. The embedded particles may be upconverters, downconverters, or phosphorescent phosphors, which can be detected and measured with analytical equipment when deposited in the metal layer. A metal substrate may include coinage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming monocrystalline silicon ingot and wafer. When forming a monocrystalline silicon ingot, melted silicon is introduced with a gas comprising deuterium atoms to receive the deuterium atoms at interstice sites, and thus the oxygen, carbon and other impurity contained therein are decreased. When semiconductor devices are formed on wafers, which are formed by the silicon ingot, the deuterium atoms may be diffused out of the silicon wafer to bind to dangling bonds. Then, the structure of the silicon wafer is more stable and resistant to hot carriers, leakage current is lowered, and performance and reliability of the semiconductor devices are promoted.

Abstract: A crystal pulling system for growing a monocrystalline ingot from a melt of semiconductor or solar-grade material includes a crucible for containing the melt of material, a pulling mechanism configured to pull the ingot from the melt along a pull axis, and a multi-stage heat exchanger defining a central passage for receiving the ingot as the ingot is pulled by the pulling mechanism. The heat exchanger defines a plurality of cooling zones arranged vertically along the pull axis of the crystal pulling system. The plurality of cooling zones includes two enhanced-rate cooling zones and a reduced-rate cooling zone disposed vertically between the two enhanced-rate cooling zones.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming monocrystalline silicon ingot and wafers. At first, silica is doped with deuterium atoms which is retained in interstices therein. Then, the silica doped with deuterium atoms is utilized for a Czochralski method to form an ingot, which has few oxygen and impurities. The ingot then is utilized to form a wafer. When semiconductor devices are formed on the wafer, the deuterium atoms therein spread out and bind to dangling bonds around the interface to form a relatively stable structure. Therefore, hot carriers may be avoided, leakage may be lowered, and performance and reliability may be promoted.

Abstract: A treatment method of a sapphire material, said method comprising bombardment of a surface of the sapphire material, said surface facing a medium different from the sapphire material, by a single- and/or multi-charged gas ion beam so as to produce an ion implanted layer in the sapphire material, wherein the ions are selected from ions of the elements from the list consisting of helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), boron (B), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S). Use of said method to obtain a capacitive touch panel having a high transmission in the visible range.

Abstract: It is provided that a multifilament and a braid that are capable of being processed into products in a wide range of temperature and are excellent in dimensional stability and abrasion resistance. A multifilament comprising 5 or more monofilaments, wherein the multifilament contains polyethylene having an intrinsic viscosity [?] of 5.0 dL/g or more and 40.0 dL/g or less and substantially including ethylene as a repeating unit, and shows 1000 times or more in number of reciprocating abrasions at break in an abrasion resistance test measured at a load of 5 cN/dtex in accordance with JIS L-1095.

Abstract: This application describes a method of preparation of a natural graphene cellulose blended fiber, which comprises using a graphite powder as a raw material for preparing a graphene solution, adding the graphene solution to a slurry formed by mixing and dissolving a wood pulp with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO), removing the water content thereof to form a spinning dope, and then spinning the spinning dope by a Dry-Jet Wet method to manufacture a natural graphene cellulose blended fiber. The present method does not require a highly toxic hydrazine hydrate solution. Further, by increasing the adding ratio of the graphene solution in the manufacturing process, control of the antistatic properties and thermal transferring functions can be achieved, and thereby various requirements of different consumers can be satisfied. Besides, the fibers can decompose naturally after being used, and thus the product is harmless, natural, and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: This application describes a method of preparation of a natural graphene cellulose blended spunbond nonwoven fabric, which comprises using a graphite powder as a raw material for preparing a graphene solution, adding the graphene solution to a slurry formed by mixing and dissolving a wood pulp with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO), removing the water content thereof to form a spinning dope, and then directly preparing the natural graphene cellulose blended spunbond nonwoven fabric by a spunbond process. The present method does not require a highly toxic hydrazine hydrate solution. Further, by increasing the adding ratio of the graphene solution in the manufacturing process, control of the antistatic properties and thermal transferring function can be achieved, and thereby various requirements of different consumers can be satisfied. Besides, the fabric can decompose naturally after being used, and thus the product is harmless, natural, and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: A support element for a feed roller for a fibre material, preferably a precursor fibre, to be used in an oxidation or carbonization line for producing carbon fibres, including a base provided with means for attachment to a structure or frame of the oven, a support ring coupled with the base and having at least one passing-through opening for receiving one end of the feed roller, and adjustment means operatively interposed between the base and the ring, and configured to move the position of the ring with respect to the base along at least one adjustment direction, transverse to a central axis of the opening, in order to adjust the position of the ring as a function of the deformations of the roller.

Abstract: An example oven for heating fibers includes a chamber having upper and lower portions and a supply structure between first and second ends of the chamber, wherein the supply structure is in communication with a first heating system and is configured to direct first heated gas from the first heating system into the upper portion of the chamber to heat fibers in the upper portion at a first temperature, and wherein the supply structure is in communication with a second heating system and is configured to direct second heated gas from the second heating system into the lower portion of the chamber to heat fibers in the lower portion at a second temperature different than the first temperature such that the upper and lower portions of the chamber maintain the different temperatures without a physical barrier between the upper and lower portion.

Abstract: A sensor yarn (10) having a thread core (11) around which first and second conductors (12, 13) are helically wound. The two conductors (12, 13) are electrically insulated from each other and from the thread core (11). The two conductors (12, 13) form a capacitive component (15) together with the thread core (11). In one embodiment, the sensor yarn (10a) has a capacitance (Cl) per unit of length that changes in the direction of extent (E) of the sensor yarn. This can be accomplished by a change in the winding geometry of the first or second conductors (12, 13) or by a change of the relative permittivity (E) of the sensor yarn (10). In another embodiment, the sensor yarn (10b) has photosensitive material (30) and a length change is effected by an incident to the light (L). As a result of a length change or other deformation of the sensor yarn (10a, 10b), the total capacitance (CG) of the sensor yarn (10a, 10b) changes, which can be determined by means of an evaluating unit (17).

Abstract: Weaving machine, device and method for tucking a thread end (11, 12, 24, 25) of a weft thread (10) into a subsequent shed (15), which thread end (11,12,24,25) extends outside a shed (15), wherein thread ends (11, 12, 24, 25) are tucked into a subsequent shed (15) by means of a tucking device (13,14,28,29), wherein a thread end (11, 12, 24, 25) is selectively moved by means of a moveable arm (9, 19), and wherein the thread end (11,12,24,25) moved by the moveable arm (9, 19) beyond the separator element (8, 18) is separated by the separator element (8, 18) from the working area of the tucking device (13, 14, 28, 29).

Abstract: A process for production of knitted articles is disclosed. The process may be performed using, for example, a linear knitting machine including a first needle bed, a second needle bed, a first jacquard bar with odd thread guides, a second jacquard bar with even thread guides, a third jacquard bar with odd thread guides, and a fourth jacquard bar with even thread guides. The process includes producing at least a portion of a knitted article by means of a base movement of the jacquard bars, in which: the first and the third jacquard bar are each moved with an identical shog movement; the second and the fourth jacquard bar are moved with a respective shog movement identical to one another; and the second and the fourth jacquard bar are moved with a respective shog movement identical to one another.

Abstract: This application describes a method of preparation of a natural graphene cellulose blended meltblown nonwoven fabric, which comprises using a graphite powder as a raw material for preparing a graphene solution, adding the graphene solution to a slurry formed by mixing and dissolving a wood pulp with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO), removing the water content thereof to form a spinning dope, and then directly preparing the natural graphene cellulose blended meltblown nonwoven fabric by a meltblown process. The present method does not require a highly toxic hydrazine hydrate solution. Further, by increasing the adding ratio of the graphene solution in the manufacturing process, control of the antistatic properties and thermal transferring function can be achieved, and thereby various requirements of different consumers can be satisfied. Besides, the fabric can decompose naturally after being used, and thus the product is harmless, natural, and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: Nonwoven fabrics suitable for a wide variety of applications (e.g., healthcare, filtration, industrial, packaging, etc.) are provided. In one aspect, the nonwoven fabric includes a plurality of segmented fibers. Each of the plurality of segmented fibers may comprise a fiber axis and a plurality of alternating larger diameter and smaller diameter segments along the fiber axis. The plurality of segmented fibers may be substantially aligned in a first direction.

Abstract: Fabric frame for a maneuverable sewing machine. In one example embodiment, a fabric frame for a maneuverable sewing machine includes a left side rail, a right side rail, a front rail permanently connected to the left side and right side rails, and a rear rail detachably connectable to the left side and right side rails. The left side, right side, front, and rear rails define left side, right side, front, and rear boundaries, respectively, of a working area. The left side, right side, front, and rear rails are configured to support one or more layers of fabric that flow from inside the boundaries of the working area to outside the left side, right side, front, and rear boundaries of the working area.

Abstract: An impeller with vanes extending above the upper surface of the impeller base plate along with a sweeper which extends beyond an outer periphery of the base plate. The sweeper pulls clothes from the basket that may have become stuck or lodged in a wet state back in toward the center of the impeller and in turn pushes them up by the impeller vane design.

Abstract: A laundry treating appliance for treating laundry according to an automatic cycle of operation, comprising a basket defining a treating chamber for receiving laundry to be washed. The basket has multiple perforations through which liquid may pass. A blade can be rotated about the exterior of the basket creating a suction force acting on the perforations to draw liquid from the treating chamber through the perforations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laundry treatment apparatus including a cabinet defining an external appearance of the laundry treatment apparatus, a drum rotatably provided inside the cabinet, the drum being configured to accommodate laundry therein, a drive unit configured to generate torque required to rotate the drum, a power transmission unit provided on one surface of the drum, the power transmission unit being configured to transmit the torque generated by the drive unit to the drum so as to rotate along with the drum, and at least one balancer provided on an inner circumferential surface of the drum. Water is selectively supplied into the balancer so as to eliminate unbalance occurring in the drum, and the balancer has a shorter length than a longitudinal length of the drum.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a washing machine may be provided to be able to automatically add a liquid detergent into a tub. The washing machine in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a detergent box for containing a detergent or rinse; a detergent supply pump for pumping the detergent or rinse contained in the detergent box; a connection pipe connected to the detergent supply pump and a tub; and an open/close unit for opening or closing the connection pipe, wherein the open/close unit is configured to open the connection pipe only when the detergent or rinse is pumped by the detergent supply pump.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a washing machine that includes a tub disposed in a main body of the washing machine to store water. A circulation apparatus includes a circulation pump operable to circulate the water in and out of the tub. A detergent supply apparatus is coupled to the circulation apparatus to discharge detergent to the circulation apparatus so that operation of the circulation pump causes the discharged detergent to be supplied to the tub.

Abstract: A detergent dispensing cartridge for use in a washing machine. The washing machine is for cleaning a soiled substrate. The treatment of the moistened substrate is with a formulation comprising a multiplicity of polymeric particles. Said formulation is free of organic solvents.

Abstract: An aircraft includes a fuselage having an internal cabin, and a garment refreshing system located within the internal cabin. The garment refreshing system is operable to refresh a garment of an individual within the internal cabin. A method of refreshing a garment while onboard an aircraft includes positioning a garment refreshing system within an internal cabin of a fuselage of an aircraft, and refreshing a garment of an individual onboard the aircraft with the garment refreshing system.

Abstract: A wardrobe may be provided. The wardrobe may include a receiving element located in a housing that may be configured to receive and dispense clothing items. Each clothing item may include a unique RFID tag and a number of RFID readers may be connected to a computer configured to obtain information held in each RFID tag. The wardrobe may further include a linear actuator proximate a top surface of the housing; the linear actuator may be controlled by the computer. The linear actuator may be coupled to a gripper assembly on one end. Additionally, the wardrobe may include a number of hangers that may be disposed on one or more inner surfaces of the housing, each hanger may be configured to store one or more of the clothing items. A display screen may be embedded on the outer surface of the housing.

Abstract: A screen includes a mesh substrate having an openness of greater than 30% when viewed at 0° incidence, the mesh substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, the first major surface including a first coating, the first major surface having a first reflectance value, wherein the first reflectance value has an average value of greater than about 10% as measured by an EN410 standard and a diffuse reflection profile at all viewing angles from ?89° to 89°, excluding an angle of direct illumination as measured by a scattering distribution function technique using a Goniometer, wherein the diffuse reflection profile provides a reduction in view through the mesh substrate when viewed from ?89° to 89°.

Abstract: A copolymer composition is disclosed with advantages for textile fibers, yarns, blended yarns, fabrics, and garments. The composition includes polyester copolymer, between about 4.5 and 5.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer, and between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer.

Abstract: A cord rubberized in situ (C). Internal layer of the cord (CT1) comprises N1 internal thread(s). External layer of the cord (CT3) comprises N3 external threads wound helically around the internal layer of the cord. Rubber composition (20) is positioned between the internal layer of the cord and the external layer of the cord, and comprises a compound of formula (I) or a salt of this compound: in which: each R1, R2 and R3 group represents, independently of one another, an alkylene, arylene, arylalkylene, alkylarylene or cycloalkylene group, each X1 and X2 group represents, independently of each other, —COOH, —CO—NH—OH, —SOOH, —PO(OR)(R?) or —PO(OR)(OR?) with R and R? representing, independently of each other, hydrogen or an alkyl group, and X3 comprises at least one —COOH, —CO—NH—OH, —SOOH, —PO(OR)(R?) or —PO(OR)(OR?) group with R and R? representing, independently of each other, hydrogen or an alkyl group.

Abstract: It is disclosed a continuous process for pre-treating a ligno-cellulosic feedstock. The ligno-cellulosic feedstock is introduced in a pressurized reactor vessel and subjected to a hydrothermal treatment with steam by inserting steam from at least a two steam streams having different temperatures. The ligno-cellulosic feedstock is then subjected to steam explosion. Preferably, at least a portion of the steam in the reactor is superheated steam and the superheated steam is located in a superheated zone which is in proximity of the outlet of the pressurized reactor vessel.

Abstract: A continuous process for production of cellulose pulp from grass-like plant feedstock for paper making. The process includes: preparing the grass-like plant feedstock by comminuting, dedusting, continuous digestion, disperging, diluting the cellulose pulp, screening and fractionation, concentration to remove black liquor, dilution with fresh water, and, optionally, pulp bleaching processes. The continuous digestion is performed in the vertical column at 70-100° C. for 40 minutes to 2 hours; average composition of thus formed digestion suspension is maintained within the following ranges: 0.9-1.5% w/w of NaOH; 0.15-0.4% w/w of NaCl or Na2SO3; and 15-18% w/w of grass-like plant feedstock; concentrations of ingredients being calculated on the weight of the liquid phase. Screening and fractionation are resulting with two fractions; one being further processed by milling, and another being further processed to final pulp with or without bleaching processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing fibrillated cellulose, the method comprising providing pulp, treating said pulp at a consistency of at least 10% with a cellulase, and fibrillating said pretreated pulp to obtain fibrillated cellulose. The present invention also provides a nanofibrillar cellulose product.

Abstract: A recycled pulp that is reusable sanitary products is efficiently manufactured by recovering pulp fiber from used sanitary products containing the pulp fiber and a polymer absorbent. The method of the present invention comprises: a step applying a mechanical force to the used sanitary products in an aqueous solution containing a polyvalent metal ion or an acidic aqueous solution with a pH of 2.5 or lower and thus degrading the used sanitary products into the pulp fiber and other materials; a step separating the pulp fiber from the mixture of the pulp fiber and other materials that has been formed in the degradation step; and a step treating the pulp fiber thus separated with an ozone-containing aqueous solution with a pH of 2.5 or lower.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide techniques for preparing complexes of calcium carbonate particles having an average primary particle size of less than 1 ?m and a fiber. Complexes of calcium carbonate microparticles having an average primary particle size of less than 1 ?m and a fiber can be synthesized efficiently by synthesizing calcium carbonate in a solution bearing the fiber while injecting a liquid into a reaction vessel.

Abstract: A substantially dry composite material comprising a nanofibrillated polysaccharide and two or more additives, wherein the composite nanofibrillated polysaccharide is a microfibrillated cellulose and wherein the additives are lime milk and carbon dioxide, wherein the additives are allowed to react with each other and forming a precipitated calcium carbonate on the nanofibrillated polysaccharide, thereby forming a composite product comprising precipitated calcium carbonate and nanofibrillated polysaccharide.

Abstract: A wall covering, a method of producing it and a method of covering a wall. The wall covering comprises a planar substrate, such as a nonwoven base substrate, having a front, and a back facing opposite the front. There is a barrier layer on the back of the substrate and an adhesive layer superimposed on the barrier layer. The adhesive layer comprises a first polymer component, a second polymer component, the first polymer component being a non crosslinked polymer and said second polymer component being a crosslinked polymer exhibiting properties of superabsorbency. The adhesive exhibits when exposed to water, a strength sufficient for binding to a wall substrate and a glide resistance low enough for allowing repositioning of the wall cover by sliding the wallcover on the wall without having to lift it up over a period of time of at least 5 minutes.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a right-angled pulp product uses a mixture of cellulose fibers as pulp. Steps in the method include taking the pulp to form a flat shape, pressing and heat-drying the flat-shaped pulp to form a pulp product having a plurality of troughs, taking out the pulp product, cutting off a burr around the pulp product, applying adhesive onto each of the troughs, and bending two adjacent plates at two sides of each trough to form a right angle and a fixed shape.

Abstract: A rubber pad intended to be arranged between a sleeper of a track and a rail of the track is described. The pad has a flat portion with a width substantially the same as a width of the sleeper; the flat portion comprises a plurality of holes.

Abstract: A method for placement of roller compacted concrete (RCC) on a sub-base to produce a concrete pavement, which has: (a) dosing a concrete or concrete ingredients and loading the concrete or concrete ingredients into a concrete transportation truck, (b) adding at least one pelletizing agent to the concrete and waiting from 3 to 15 minutes under constant mixing to produce a pelletized concrete and (c) discharging the pelletized concrete obtained in step (b) on the sub-base from the concrete transportation truck, rotating the drum of the concrete transportation truck.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for continuous paving near or around obstacles that are along a path to be paved. The methods include receipt of paving materials onto a material conveyor then into a hopper, detecting an amount of paving materials received in the hopper, indicating whether the paving materials in the hopper are sufficient for paving around an obstacle, forming the paving materials into a paved trail of widths from one to four meters, and moving the material conveyor while the trail paver continuously paves around the obstacle.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring and adjusting a constant flow asphalt manufacturing process includes monitoring the ratios of recycled material to virgin material to minimize costs and adjusting the mixture in real time. Pulverized asphalt shingle (PAS) material may be used as a source of recycled asphalt oil and fed to a mixing drum with real-time monitoring while making real-time adjustments to supplement the asphalt with new asphalt oil to the mixer. The systems and methods may also be used for monitoring, metering, and supplementing recycled aggregate from recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) with new aggregate. The systems and methods may use one or more processors or programmable logic controllers (PLC) to meter the addition of new materials.

Abstract: A scraper blade for cleaning a compactor element of a compactor machine is disclosed. The scraper blade includes a body made from an elastomeric matrix material, a fiber reinforcement material embedded in the elastomeric matrix material, and a coating provided on the body. The body includes a top surface, a bottom surface, a leading surface and a trailing surface. The fiber reinforcement material includes fibers extending from the leading surface to the trailing surface. Further, the coating is provided on the body with anti-wear additives.

Abstract: A dynamic message sign includes a front housing defining a viewing window and an interior. A LED assembly is in the interior for displaying a message within a cone of vision. A louver assembly limits the cone of vision. The dynamic message sign may also include a back frame for supporting the front housing and a bracket for setting the front assembly at an angle with respect to the back frame. The LED assembly can include a plurality of LED pixels arranged in rows and columns. The louver assembly can include a plurality of louver racks, each louver rack extending adjacent to a column of LED pixels.