Abstract: Disclosed is a carrier particle, comprising a sphere and a sub-sphere on the surface of the sphere; the sphere and/or at least one sub-sphere comprise at least one type of quantum dots. Also disclosed is a method for preparing the carrier particle, mainly by connecting at least one nanosphere to a microsphere, and the microsphere and/or the nanosphere are loaded with at least one type of quantum dots.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy and containing at least one compound represented by General Formula (I) and at least one compound represented by General Formula (II). There is also provided a liquid crystal display device involving use of such a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy and containing at least one compound represented by General Formula (I) and at least one compound represented by General Formula (II).

Abstract: Provided is a composition which is to be a raw material of a polarizing film having excellent light fastness. The composition includes a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein E represents an electron attractive group having at least 3 carbon atoms or the following group: wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; Ar represents a group selected from the following groups: and A represents a group selected from the following groups: wherein R2, R3 and R4, and l, m, n, p, and q are defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerizable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment type, or a stabilizers in LC media and LC displays.

Abstract: A system for controlling thermal changes using air injection including a coke drum having a cylindrical outer surface, a material surrounding the cylinder defining an annular space between the material and the cylindrical outer surface, and an air injection system communicated with the annular space for introducing air into the annular space. A method of operating the system is also included.

Abstract: There is presented a method for thermal decomposition of plastic waste and/or biomass, characterized by that fact the plastic waste and/or biomass are subjected to a temperature in a reactor in the presence of loose three-dimensional elements of a developed surface area, resistant to the process heat. The invention also involves an installation to carry out the process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid biomass feedstock, said process comprising the steps of: a) providing in a first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel a first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition; b) contacting the solid biomass feedstock with said first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in said first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel to produce a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, H2O, H2, CO2, CO, C1-C3 gases, char and catalyst fines; c) removing said char and catalyst fines from said product stream; d) hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalyst and of the H2O, CO2, CO, H2, and C1-C3 gas generated in step a), to produce a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, H2O, CO, CO2, and C1-C3 gases.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a method and apparatus for stabilizing a product, such as a petroleum or other hydrocarbon based product, for example crude oil. Stabilization removes volatile components from the crude such that the crude product may be safely handled, stored, and/or transported. In one embodiment, the crude stabilization system includes at least a stabilizer column and an overhead system. Effluent from the stabilizer column may be fed directly into a suction inlet of a compressor system of the overhead system. The stabilizer column is preferably operated at low pressures and temperatures, thus making a desalting system unnecessary. Furthermore, overhead trim cooling, recycle cooling, and interstage cooling may be provided by the crude feed rather than air coolers or cooling water. As such, stabilized crude product may be safely transported via any means of transportation, such as a railcar.

Abstract: A method of removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon fluid. The method includes contacting the hydrocarbon fluid with an adsorbent comprising a carbonaceous material doped with nanoparticles of uranyl oxide (UO3) to reduce the concentrations of the sulfur compounds. The carbonaceous material is at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon and carbon nanotubes, and the adsorbent has a weight ratio of C to U in the range from 9:1 to 17:1, and a weight ratio of C to O in the range from 5:1 to 13:1.

Abstract: Process of preparing hydroconversion catalyst comprising: a calcined, predominantly alumina, oxide support; a hydrogenating-dehydrogenating active phase comprising group VIB metal, optionally group VIII metal, optionally phosphorus, the catalyst having: specific surface area ?100 m2/g, total pore volume ?0.75 ml/g, median mesopore diameter by volume ?18 nm, mesopore volume ?0.65 ml/g, macropore volume 15-40% of total pore volume; comprising: a) dissolving acidic aluminium precursor; b) adjusting pH with basic precursor; c) co-precipitating acidic and basic precursors, at least one containing aluminium, to form suspension of alumina gel with a targeted alumina concentration; d) filtration; e) drying to a powder; f) forming; g) thermal treatment to an alumina oxide support; h) impregnating of the hydrogenating-dehydrogenating active phase on the alumina oxide support. Catalyst prepared by this process and use of this catalyst for hydrotreating or hydroconverting heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for converting hydrocarbons originating from refinery operations such as atmospheric distillation unit or a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCC), into lighter boiling hydrocracked hydrocarbons having a boiling point lower than naphthalene and lower.

Abstract: Processes for upgrading partially converted vacuum residua hydrocarbon feeds are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for producing diesel boiling range compounds from an olefin-containing feed. The olefin-containing feed can include a refinery fuel gas and/or a naphtha feed. The olefin-containing feed can be exposed to a first set of conversion conditions that can include a low pressure to produce an oligomerized olefin effluent. The oligomerized olefin effluent can be exposed to a second set of conversion conditions that include a higher pressure than the first set of conversion conditions to produce a product effluent that includes diesel boiling range compounds.

Abstract: System for processing material to generate syngas in a modular architecture may include a plurality of primary reactor chambers and a shared secondary reactor chamber. Each primary reactor chamber includes electrodes protruding into the chamber, the electrodes operable to generate an arc capable to generate first-stage gas from breakdown of the material when electricity is applied to the electrodes. The secondary reactor chamber is operable to receive the first-stage gas generated by the plurality of primary reactor chambers and to receive water vapour. The gas generated within the plurality of primary reactor chambers combine and interact with the water vapour to form second-stage gas. Turbulence can be generated within the secondary reactor chamber to improve mixing of the first-stage gas with the water vapour. Powering of each of the primary reactor chambers can be done with a different phase of power from a multi-phase input to ensure balanced power utilization.

Abstract: This present disclosure relates to biodiesel compositions comprising polymeric pour point depressants, and crystallization modifiers, to improve cold flow properties for biodiesel fuels.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to fuel additive compositions including heavy paraffinic distillates and lighter petroleum distillates, in particular with the heavy paraffinic distillates including a mixture of hydrotreated and/or saturated components and solvent-dewaxed and/or branched components. The disclosure further relates to fuel compositions including the fuel additive composition and a liquid or solid combustible fuel. Related methods include methods of making the fuel compositions and methods of burning the fuel compositions. The resulting fuel compositions have several improved combustion properties such as improved combustion efficiency, improved combustion energy/calorie content, reduced sulfur generation, and reduced ash generation.

Abstract: A process of making a fuel product from spent grain from a beer brewing process. In the brewing process, the grain is pulverized to a particle size whose mean particle size is approximately 0.25 mm to 0.6 mm with less than 1% greater than 2 mm. After the brewing sugars are extracted from the grain, the spent grain is pressed against a filter to reduce moisture below sixty-five percent (65%), and then the grain is dried to further reduce its moisture to less than ten percent (10%). The dried spent grain, after the aforementioned processing, is fed into a combustion chamber for a steam boiler that is used for beer brewing, and the spent grain is separated during combustion by agitation such as spraying of the grain in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A renewable processed biomass pellet composition made with a pelletizing sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and water-soluble intracellular salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is introduced into a pelletizing sub-system to result in renewable processed biomass pellets having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 20 wt %, and water-soluble intracellular salt content that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock, and made with 40% less energy than expended to make current biomass pellets.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to a concentrated multi-functional additive that can be continuously dosed in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C36 alkyl group.

Abstract: This application relates to the polymorphism and microstructure of certain triacylglycerols and fatty acid methyl esters, including 1,2-dioleoyl-3-stearoyl glycerol and methyl stearate, and how the properties of these individual components in a biodiesel fuel, as well as their combined mixtures, helps understand the fundamental mechanisms of their crystallization so as to design biodiesel fuels with improved low temperature characteristics.

Abstract: A robust and self-healing coating has been developed by incorporating a thermally self-healing chemical coating on smooth and/or roughened solid. When the chemically coated solid is combined with a lubricating fluid, the material system is capable to repel a broad range of liquids and solids. The thermally self-healing chemical coating may be applied on various industrial metals, glass and plastics, and has shown exceptionally physical and chemical robustness as compared to state-of-the-art liquid-repellent coatings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) a major amount of a lubricating oil, (a) a diarylamine antioxidant, and (b) an amidine compound of Formula (I), wherein R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or an aromatic group containing 1-30 carbon atoms; x is from 1 to 5; Y is an optional linking alkyl group; Z is carbon or nitrogen; and R2 is hydrogen or alkyl groups containing 1-30 carbon atoms. Also provided is a method for lubricating an engine comprising lubricating the engine with said lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition which exhibits an excellent friction-reducing effect and excellent fuel consumption reducing properties is provided. The lubricating oil composition includes a lubricating base oil (A), a molybdenum compound (B), and an ashless friction modifier (C), wherein the lubricating oil composition includes a binuclear organic molybdenum compound represented by the following general formula (I) as the molybdenum compound (B), with the content of the binuclear organic molybdenum compound as converted into molybdenum atoms being 0.030 mass % or more and 0.140 mass % or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition; and an ester-based ashless friction modifier (C1) and/or an amine-based ashless friction modifier (C2) as the ashless friction modifier (C), with the total content of the ester-based ashless friction modifier (C1) and the amine-based ashless friction modifier (C2) being more than 0.1 mass % and 1.

Abstract: Provided are a lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine, containing a lubricating base oil containing a mineral oil and/or a synthetic oil, (A) an overbased calcium salicylate, (B) an overbased magnesium detergent, (C) a binuclear and/or trinuclear organic molybdenum compound, (D) a phenol-based antioxidant, and (E) an amine-based antioxidant, wherein the component (C), the component (D), and the component (E) are contained in specified contents on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition; a method for producing the lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine; and a lubrication method including using the lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

Abstract: Defoaming agents comprising a silicone oil and silica particulates, lubricating oil compositions comprising the defoaming agent, methods of lubrication using a lubricating oil composition comprising the defoaming agent, and methods of reducing the foaming tendency/stability and/or improving the air release rates of non-aqueous fluids, such as lubricant oils, are provided.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid comprising a biobased base oil having hydrolytic stability.

Abstract: Briefly described, embodiments of this disclosure include articles and methods of making articles.

Abstract: Systems and methods for varnish abatement and removal from in-service fluids and components of an industrial lubricated system. The systems and methods may include adding an effective amount of a solubility enhancer to the in-service fluid, and contacting the mixture with a medium having acrylamide or styrenic functionality to remove contaminants from the mixture. Systems may include a medium circuit having a medium pump and a medium component and a solubility enhancer reservoir arranged to dispense solubility enhancer to the reservoir. Methods may include pre-conditioning the in-service fluid before adding solubility enhancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fragrance composition comprising ionic liquids for delayed evaporation of the perfume raw materials. The invention also relates to methods of use of the fragrance compositions for perfuming suitable substrates, particularly skin and hair.

Abstract: A candle with shimmering properties has (i) wax; and (ii) light reflective particles dispersed throughout the wax, in the form of a candle base mixture, such that upon lighting the candle base mixture with a flame, at least a portion of the candle base mixture melts from a solid state to a liquid state, forming a pool of molten liquid in which the liquid moves. The light reflective particles highlight the movement of the liquid, such that the movement of the liquid is visible to an observer. A wick may be mounted within the candle base mixture and a container may contain the candle base mixture. A fragrance and/or dye are optional ingredients of the candle.

Abstract: A liquid detergent composition including a surfactant system, the surfactant system including an anionic surfactant and a primary co-surfactant selected from the group consisting of amphoteric surfactant, zwitteronic surfactant and mixtures thereof wherein the anionic surfactant and the primary co-surfactant are in a weight ratio of less than 2.5:1 and wherein the composition further includes a cleaning amine.

Abstract: A liquid detergent composition having a pH of from 7.1 to 7.9 as measured at 10% solution in distilled water at 20° C. wherein the composition includes a surfactant system, the surfactant system including an anionic surfactant and a primary co-surfactant selected from the group consisting of amphoteric surfactant, zwitteronic surfactant and mixtures thereof wherein the anionic surfactant and the primary co-surfactant are in a weight ratio of from less than about 10:1 to more than about 2.5:1 and wherein the composition further includes a specific cyclic diamine.

Abstract: A liquid detergent composition having a pH of from 7.1 to less than 8.9 as measured at 10% solution in distilled water at 20° C. wherein the composition includes a surfactant system, the surfactant system including an anionic surfactant and a primary co-surfactant selected from the group consisting of amphoteric surfactant, zwitteronic surfactant and mixtures thereof wherein the anionic surfactant and the primary co-surfactant are in a weight ratio of from less than 10:1 to more than 2.5:1 and wherein the composition further includes a specific cyclic amine.

Abstract: A liquid detergent composition having a pH of from 7.1 to less than 8.9 as measured at 10% solution in distilled water at 20° C. wherein the composition contains a surfactant system, the surfactant system containing an anionic surfactant and a primary co-surfactant selected from the group consisting of amphoteric surfactant, zwitteronic surfactant and mixtures thereof wherein the anionic surfactant and the primary co-surfactant are in a weight ratio of from less than about 10:1 to more than about 2.5:1 and wherein the composition further contains a cleaning amine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition, in particular, a fabric conditioning composition, comprising at least a quaternary ammonium compound, a cationic polysaccharide and a nonionic polysaccharide. In particular, the quaternary ammonium compound is a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for conditioning a fabric comprising the step of contacting the fabric with an aqueous medium comprising a composition, wherein the composition comprises: (a) a quaternary ammonium compound; (b) a cationic polysaccharide; and (c) a nonionic polysaccharide. In particular, the quaternary ammonium compound is a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound. The composition has excellent softening performance and improved perfume longevity. The present invention also relates to use of said composition for conditioning a fabric.

Abstract: A series of natural soaps, both liquid and solid, and methods of making thereof, which have a synergistic effect when formulated with anti-redeposition ingredients in laundry applications both in synthetic and natural textiles and fabrics. The fatty acids and/or natural oils based series of natural soaps include both sodium and potassium soap products that interact synergistically with, preferably, known, natural anti-redeposition agents and alkaline builders creating highly effective, natural solid (bar or powdered) and liquid laundry cleaning products. Solid forms soaps are dried to an acceptable amount of moisture content for milling. Further blending is then performed with various natural anti-redeposition agents or natural products which exhibit said characteristics and/or alkaline builders. The solid forms may be formed into single dose tablets. Effervescent additives may further be included.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to cleaning compositions and, more specifically, to cleaning compositions containing a polyetheramine that is suitable for removal of stains from soiled materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having alpha-amylase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for cleaning an object made wholly or in part of a plastic, comprising contacting said object/said plastic with a liquid composition comprising one or more enzymes. The invention further concerns use of one or more enzymes for prolonging the lifetime of an object made wholly or in part of a plastic. Finally, the invention concerns a composition and a kit of parts comprising one or more enzymes.

Abstract: A phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergent composition containing a coated bleach particle and one or more of an enzyme particle or an amino-acid based builder, wherein the composition has increased stability.

Abstract: The stabilization of non-subtilisin enzymes by certain subtilin inhibitors in liquid detergents is particularly effective when the concentration of the subtilisin inhibitor is higher than a concentration C.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions, methods of use, and methods of manufacture for an intercalated bleach compound and compositions thereof. The intercalated bleach compound has the formula Mx(OCl)y(O)m(OH)n where M is an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium, calcium or mixture thereof. The values of x and y independently equal any number greater than or equal to 1 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), and m and n independently equal any number greater than or equal to 0 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), but m and n are not both 0. In addition, the molar ratio of the alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium or calcium) to hypochlorite is at least 3:1. In other words, x is ?3y. The compounds exhibit excellent stability, little or no chlorine bleach odor, exhibit excellent pH buffering characteristics, and less reactivity with organic materials as compared to alternative chlorine bleach products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a beneficial composition comprising (a) an encapsulated benefit agent composition comprising: a core comprising at least one benefit agent, and a water-insoluble shell; and (b) a suspension medium comprising: at least one suspending polymer, and at least one clay. The present invention also provides methods of using such a beneficial composition. In addition, the present invention provides methods of making a beneficial composition comprising: (a) providing an encapsulated benefit agent composition comprising a core comprising at least one benefit agent and a water-insoluble shell; (b) providing a suspension medium comprising at least one suspending polymer and at least one clay; (c) adding the encapsulated benefit agent composition to the suspension medium; and (d) mixing the suspension medium and the encapsulated benefit agent composition to form a substantially uniform aqueous suspension.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing perfume- or flavor-containing polyurea microcapsules with improved deposition of encapsulated actives on targeted surfaces such as fiber, hair and skin, which can be used in home or personal care products, as well as to microcapsules obtainable by such a process and consumer products comprising these microcapsules.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of cleaning including the use of a soil release polymer. In some embodiments, the soil release polymer can be included in a neutral to low alkalinity prewash or main wash that is substantially free of hydroxide-based alkalinity. In some embodiments, the soil release polymer can be included in a neutral to low alkalinity prewash that is substantially free of hydroxide-based alkalinity, followed by an alkaline main wash with any alkalinity source.

Abstract: A laundry stain and soil pretreatment sheet including a water soluble or water dispersible carrier layer, preferably polyvinyl alcohol, a removable separator layer, and a layer of cleaning agent composition therebetween. The separator layer is removed, the composition layer is adhered to a stain on clothing, and the clothing is laundered. The carrier layer dissolves or disperses during the laundering. The separator layer can be water soluble or water dispersible. Depressions can be provided in the carrier layer to hold the layer of cleaning agent composition. Without the separator layer, a sheet of the carrier layer can be folded over to hold the cleaning agent composition.

Abstract: Provided herein is an aqueous liquid dishwashing composition comprising i) at least one ethoxylated C8-C18 alkyl ether sulfate surfactant having an ethoxylation (EO) of from 0.4 to 1 and ii) at least one C8-C18 alkyl amidopropylbetaine surfactant. The ethoxylated C8-C18 alkyl ether sulfate surfactant having an ethoxylation (EO) of from 0.4 to 1 and the C8-C18 alkyl amidopropylbetaine surfactant act synergistically and provide enhanced foam production, in addition to providing a desirable viscosity, clarity and stability to the composition.