Abstract: A system for cooling air for use with a liquid cooling fluid loop. The system includes a first refrigerant circuit with an air-cooled condenser, a second refrigerant circuit with a liquid-cooled condenser, and a free-cooling loop. A control device is provided for controlling the operation of the system between a first mode, a second mode, and a third mode. When operating in the first mode, only the free-cooling loop cooperates directly with liquid cooling fluid in the liquid cooling fluid loop to cool the liquid cooling fluid, when operating in the second mode, the second refrigerant circuit is not engaged, and when operating in the third mode, the free-cooling loop interacts with the second refrigerant circuit to reject heat of the second refrigerant circuit through the free-cooling loop.

Abstract: A system for cooling air for use with a liquid cooling fluid loop. The system includes a first refrigerant circuit with an air-cooled condenser, a second refrigerant circuit with a liquid-cooled condenser, and a free-cooling loop. A control device is provided for controlling the operation of the system between a first mode, a second mode, and a third mode. When operating in the first mode, only the free-cooling loop cooperates directly with liquid cooling fluid in the liquid cooling fluid loop to cool the liquid cooling fluid, when operating in the second mode, the second refrigerant circuit is not engaged, and when operating in the third mode, the free-cooling loop interacts with the second refrigerant circuit to reject heat of the second refrigerant circuit through the free-cooling loop.

Abstract: A system for cooling air for use with a liquid cooling fluid loop. The system includes a first refrigerant circuit with an air-cooled condenser, a second refrigerant circuit with a liquid-cooled condenser, and a free-cooling loop. A control device is provided for controlling the operation of the system between a first mode, a second mode, and a third mode. When operating in the first mode, only the free-cooling loop cooperates directly with liquid cooling fluid in the liquid cooling fluid loop to cool the liquid cooling fluid, when operating in the second mode, the second refrigerant circuit is not engaged, and when operating in the third mode, the free-cooling loop interacts with the second refrigerant circuit to reject heat of the second refrigerant circuit through the free-cooling loop.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat pump heating/cooling system that uses a hybrid heat source that may include air heat, groundwater heat, brine and in-line heaters. The heat pump includes 1) a device for compressing, condensing, gasifying, and circulating cooling/heating media and exchanging heat with water refrigerant; 2) a device for storing heat energy in a storage tank; 3) a device for loading a load through a four-way fan coil unit; and 4) a control panel. To remove frost on the exterior of an evaporator, the evaporator is temporarily stopped, and brine at a temperature of 15° C. to 20° C., which receives groundwater heat from a brine heat exchanger and receives heat from an in-line heater, is supplied to a brine supply pipe installed around the evaporator to melt and remove the frost on the exterior of the evaporator and then is discharged at a temperature of ?3° C. to 5° C.

Abstract: An example refrigerant system according to an exemplary aspect of this disclosure includes, among other things, a refrigerant loop having at least a condenser, an evaporator, and a compressor. The compressor includes a motor in communication with a variable speed drive. The system further includes a cooling circuit including a pressure regulator downstream of a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger absorbing heat from the variable speed drive.

Abstract: Adsorption heat exchanger devices (11, 25) are provided for use in solid sorption refrigeration systems (1) together with methods for making such devices and adsorbent structures therefor. The methods include applying a curable binder, in solution in a solvent, to granular adsorbent material, and then evaporating the solvent and curing the binder. The curable binder solution is sufficiently dilute that, during evaporation of the solvent, the binder becomes concentrated around contact points between granules (18) of the adsorbent material whereby localized bonds (19) are formed around the contact points on curing of the binder.

Abstract: A flooded central air conditioning system includes a compressor, condenser, external oil separator, low pressure circulation barrel and spiral evaporator, refrigerant outlet of compressor connects to refrigerant inlet of external oil separator, whose refrigerant outlet connects to condenser inlet, whose outlet connects to refrigerant inlet of low pressure circulation barrel, whose refrigerant outlet connects to refrigerant inlet of spiral evaporator, whose refrigerant outlet connects to gas inlet of low pressure circulation barrel, whose gas outlet connects to refrigerant inlet of compressor. The present invention provides a flooded central air conditioning system, which owns advantages of energy saving and better refrigeration as ammonia refrigerant, safety and convenience as Freon refrigerant, has greatly improved the refrigeration efficient of refrigeration system using Freon as refrigerant. Integrated energy efficiency is significantly improved, and energy consumption greatly reduced.

Abstract: A system and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system containing an HCFC refrigerant and a compatible lubricant, with an HFC refrigerant, comprising providing a transport container containing a mixture of about 5-15% by weight of a miscible lubricant and the HFC refrigerant, removing the HCFC refrigerant from the refrigeration system while maintaining at least a portion of a lubricant immiscible with the HFC refrigerant, and charging the refrigeration system with the mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of recharging an operating system of the type containing a less than full charge of existing working fluid with a recharging fluid that is different than said existing fluid, the method comprising: (a) identifying at least one readily measured physical property of fluids comprising combinations of the existing working fluid and the recharging working fluid wherein said physical property reliably correlates to target component concentrations of the working fluid after recharge; (b) providing a system which contains less than a full charge of the existing working fluid; (c) adding to the existing working fluid a recharging fluid having at least one property superior to that property of the existing working fluid; (d) at least after said adding step (c), measuring said readily measured physical property of the operating fluid in the system; and (e) based on said measuring step, repeating or not said steps (c) and (d) and/or adjusting at least one system operating parameter.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a refrigeration system having an operating point, comprising: a memory configured to store a relationship of at least an evaporator efficiency, an evaporator heat load, a refrigerant amount in the evaporator, and a variable dependent on a non-volatile liquid mixed with refrigerant in the evaporator an input port configured to receive a signal corresponding to at least a measured evaporator heat load during operation; an output port configured to present an output to selectively alter an operating point of the evaporator, by altering the refrigerant amount in the evaporator and thereby changing the variable; and a processor, configured to receive the signal, access the memory; and generate the output to selectively move toward an optimum operating point. A corresponding method and refrigeration system are provided.

Abstract: A system or a method for performing capacitive sensing of humidity/liquid, primarily in conductive or non-conductive liquid/gas mixtures, having a control unit and at least first and second sensor electrodes, the capacity between the first and the second electrodes being measured,. To measure humidity/liquid in a circulating gas/liquid mixture at least one of the sensor electrodes is formed as a tube which is placed in the liquid/gas mixture. Based on the capacitive measurements, a calculation of at least one dataset for control of a second system is performed. The tube can be more or less filled up with liquid or gas and the capacity can be measured as it depends on the content around or inside the tube, and if a dry gas is there will be one value of capacity and in a situation where the gas is being replaced by liquid, the capacity value will change rapidly.

Abstract: A refrigerator that has a fresh food compartment, a freezer compartment, and a door that provides access to the fresh food compartment is disclosed. An icemaker is mounted remotely from the freezer compartment. The icemaker includes an ice mold with an icemaking cycle having a liquid to ice phase change. A thermoelectric device has a cold side and a warm side. A controller is in operable communication with an input to the thermoelectric device. A sensor is in operable communication with the input to the thermoelectric device and the controller. A feedback response from the input to the thermoelectric device monitors the liquid to ice phase change of the icemaking cycle.

Abstract: Temperature controlled cargo containers may include thermal masses conditioned to temperatures above and/or below a target temperature. Example thermal masses may include plates including phase change materials, such as eutectic materials. One or more fans may be selectively operated to circulate air in the cargo container across one or more of the thermal masses to maintain the temperature within the cargo container within a prescribed temperature band. Some example temperature controlled cargo containers may include refrigeration units and/or heaters for regenerating the thermal masses when receiving power from an external power source and/or may include one or more rechargeable batteries for providing power during transport or storage independent of external power sources.

Abstract: Temperature controlled cargo containers may include thermal masses conditioned to temperatures above and/or below a target temperature. Example thermal masses may include plates including phase change materials, such as eutectic materials. One or more fans may be selectively operated to circulate air in the cargo container across one or more of the thermal masses to maintain the temperature within the cargo container within a prescribed temperature band. Some example temperature controlled cargo containers may include refrigeration units and/or heaters for regenerating the thermal masses when receiving power from an external power source and/or may include one or more rechargeable batteries for providing power during transport or storage independent of external power sources.

Abstract: The invention relates to a domestic refrigeration appliance with an interior compartment for accommodating foodstuffs which is bounded by walls of an interior container and with a keep-fresh container for foodstuffs in which an ambient humidity different from that of the interior compartment can be set and the ambient humidity can be set independently of the rest of the interior compartment, wherein the keep-fresh container is arranged displaceably in a housing of the domestic refrigeration appliance, wherein a front wall of the keep-fresh container forms an outer wall of the domestic refrigeration appliance.

Abstract: A mobile refrigeration cabinet that includes a refrigerated section, a non-refrigerated section that has an aperture in a side thereof, and an opening between the refrigerated and non-refrigerated section. The aperture allows access to the non-refrigerated section. The cabinet may include a movable tray disposed in the non-refrigerated section that is movable through the aperture, and a refrigeration system removably mounted on the movable tray. A biasing system is configured to engage the movable tray so as to bias the refrigeration system towards the opening between the refrigerated section and the non-refrigerated section such that a portion of the refrigeration system sealingly engages the opening.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a defrosting device, including a heating unit provided at a lower side of an evaporator, and configured to heat working fluid therein; and a plurality of heat pipes, both end portions of which are connected to an inlet and an outlet of the heating unit, respectively, and at least part of which are disposed adjacent to a cooling tube of the evaporator to emit heat to the cooling tube due to high temperature working fluid heated and transferred by the heating unit, wherein the plurality of heat pipes are configured with a first heat pipe and a second heat pipe disposed to form two rows on a front portion and a rear portion of the evaporator, respectively, and the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe are formed in different lengths.

Abstract: A refrigerator appliance includes a sealed system having an evaporator. A heater is positioned adjacent the evaporator within a cabinet of the refrigerator appliance. The heater includes a sheath and a spine fin assembly. The spine fin assembly is wrapped around the sheath and includes a plurality of spine fins that extend away from the sheath.

Abstract: A method for packaging a handle set including providing a refrigerator having a cabinet defining an opening to access an interior; and providing doors defining an aperture for accessing the interior, the aperture width being less than the opening width. A handle set for installation onto the doors. A substrate panel having a panel width that is between the aperture width and the opening width, and to which the handle set to define a handle set package. Inserting the leading edge of the substrate panel through the aperture and the opening and rotating the handle set package through the aperture and the opening such that the trailing edge moves through the opening and into the interior, wherein an installation cutout of the substrate panel provides the handle set package with clearance to be rotated, and wherein the perimeter edge of the handle set substrate panel remains substantially level.

Abstract: A fridge comprising: a dry article compartment, wherein the dry article compartment comprises a barrel and a drawer drawably received in the barrel, and the barrel is provided with a dry article compartment air passage communicating with an air passage and an air door baffle mounted inside the dry article compartment air passage; the fridge further comprises a blower arranged inside the air passage, the blower is configured to blow cooled and dehumidified air to the dry article compartment, a joint between the barrel and the drawer is sealed by a sealing member so as to be isolated from external air, and the dry article compartment is not provided with an air discharging door. The dry article compartment of the fridge only employs a single air door to control the sealing, which improving the sealing performance.

Abstract: A refrigerator appliance includes a beverage reservoir disposed within a chilled chamber of a cabinet. A conduit extends between a carbon dioxide source and the beverage reservoir. A controller is configured for activating the carbon dioxide source such that the carbon dioxide source directs carbon dioxide into the beverage reservoir via the conduit when liquid is dispensed from the beverage reservoir.

Abstract: A domestic refrigerator includes a housing surrounding a receiving area for food and a dispensing unit disposed in the housing. The dispensing unit is constructed to dispense refrigerated pourable goods and has a container for receiving the refrigerated goods and a discharge channel coupled to the container for discharging the refrigerated goods from the container to the exterior of the housing. A first closure element is provided for closing the discharge channel. A second closure element, which is separate from the first closure element, is also provided for closing the discharge channel. The second closure element lies closer to the container than the first closure element when viewed along the discharge channel.

Abstract: A domestic refrigeration appliance includes a thermally insulated inner container bounding a coolable interior for food. A refrigeration device cools the interior, a door leaf opens and closes the interior, a thermally insulated wall portion has a first surface facing the interior, a second surface facing away from the interior and an opening. An interior lighting configuration at least partially illuminates the interior when the door leaf is open. The lighting configuration includes at least one lamp and a shell-like housing forming a backing part fastened on the second surface of the wall portion near a periphery of the opening and bounding a cavity which is open towards the opening. The wall portion partially overlaps the cavity forming a niche in which the at least one lamp is disposed, and the wall portion, near the niche, completely overlaps the at least one lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric household appliance for cooling or freezing and heating, which includes: a common mounting (17), an insulated compartment (18), elements necessary for cooling and heating, both arranged on the common mounting (17), and elements in common for both operating modes, wherein the compartment (18) consists of a series of side and top panels (15) made of an insulating material and capable of withstanding microwaves, and is arranged on an insulating panel (16) arranged between the compartment (18) and the common mounting (17), a rotary plate—perforated or in the form of a screen—is provided inside the compartment (18), and the compartment (18) has an inner gate (12) actuated by an electromagnet which is only actuated when the cooling operating mode is selected, said electromagnet being deactivated when the heating operating mode is selected, in order to allow ventilation.

Abstract: A mixture of hydrocarbons in vapour phase is passed through a feed scrubber. Feed scrubber vapour discharged from the feed scrubber is passed to a compression suction scrubber, and a vaporous compressor feed stream from the compression suction scrubber is compressed in a compressor train. A compressed vaporous discharge stream from the train of compressors is de-superheated, and at least a portion of the de-superheated stream is passed to a condenser, wherein this portion of the de-superheated stream is at least partly condensed to form a pressurized and at least partially condensed mixture of hydrocarbons. A recycle portion is split off from the de-superheated hydrocarbon stream, and a recycle flow is established to the compressor train of via a surge recycle separator drum and the compression suction scrubber. Liquid constituents removed and drained from the recycle portion in the surge recycle separator drum are fed to the feed scrubber.

Abstract: A LNG liquefaction plant system includes concurrent power production, wherein the refrigeration content of the refrigerant or SMR is used to liquefy and sub-cool a natural gas stream in a cold box or cryogenic exchanger. For concurrent power production, the system uses waste heat from refrigerant compression to vaporize and superheat a waste heat working fluid that in turn drives a compressor for refrigerant compression. The refrigerant may be an external SMR or an internal LNG refrigerant working fluid expanded and compressed by a twin compander arrangement.

Abstract: A method and device used to variably obtain a compressed-gas product by means low-temperature separation of air in a distillation column system. In a first operating mode, a first amount of first compressed-gas product is obtained, and, in a second operating mode, a second, smaller amount is obtained. In the first operating mode, a first amount of air is compressed in the main air compressor, and in the second operating mode, a second, larger amount is compressed in the main air compressor.

Abstract: A system and method for providing supplemental refrigeration to an air separation plant is provided. A closed loop supplemental refrigeration circuit that can be easily retrofitted or added onto an air separation plant that increases the liquid product production capability of the air separation plant. The supplemental refrigeration capacity of the supplemental refrigeration circuit is controlled by removing or adding a portion of the refrigerant in the supplemental refrigeration circuit to adjust the inlet pressure while maintaining a substantially constant volumetric flow rate and substantially constant pressure ratio across the compressor. Removing the refrigerant from the supplemental refrigeration circuit decreases the refrigeration imparted by the supplemental refrigeration circuit and thus provides the capacity to turn-down liquid product make without shutting down the compressors and turbo-expanders in the supplemental refrigeration circuit.

Abstract: A grain drying control system including a grain drying device, a plurality of sensors associated with the grain drying device and a computer. The computer controls the grain drying device based on the data transmitted from the sensors related to ambient conditions, grain temperature and moisture, and unload speed to achieve a desired grain moisture.

Abstract: A pressing arrangement for treatment of articles by hot pressing includes a pressure vessel including a furnace chamber and a furnace to hold the articles. A fan circulates a pressure medium within the furnace chamber, and enhances an inner convection loop at a load compartment. The inner convection loop pressure medium has an upward flow through the load compartment, and a downward flow along a peripheral portion of the furnace chamber. A flow generator generates a flow of pressure medium into the load compartment downstream the fan to enhance the inner convection loop. The flow is generated by transporting the pressure medium upwards from a space below a bottom insulating portion and above a bottom end portion, and by injecting the pressure medium into the load compartment downstream the fan to enhance the inner convection loop.

Abstract: Disclosed is a microwave irradiating and heating device including a reaction furnace (1) for containing a sample material to be irradiated with microwave and to be heated, a lid (2) provided for the reaction furnace (1) and having a single hole (21), a microwave irradiating source (3) for emitting a microwave, the microwave irradiating source (3) being disposed outside the reaction furnace, and a rotated quadric surface mirror (4) for reflecting the microwave emitted from the microwave irradiating source (3) into the reaction furnace (1) through the hole (21) of the lid (2), the rotated quadric surface mirror (4) being disposed above the reaction furnace (1).

Abstract: Disclosed is a system to evaluate and monitor the status of a material forming part of an asset, such as a refractory furnace. The system is operative to identify flaws and measure the erosion profile and thickness of different materials, including refractory materials of an industrial furnace, using radiofrequency signals. The system is designed to integrate software with a plurality of sensors and additional hardware to collect data during an inspection of the furnace, even in regions of difficult access. Furthermore, the system comprises a software management subsystem configured to implement signal processing techniques to process the data collected and generate reports to visualize the status, estimate the remaining operational life, and determine the level of penetration of molten material into the surrounding layers of the furnace. Moreover, the system's software enables a user to monitor the status of the furnace both locally and remotely.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed including an array of interlaced conduits. The conduit array includes a first plurality of conduits connected to a first inlet header at one end of the first plurality of conduits and to a first outlet header at an opposite end of the first plurality of conduits. This first plurality of conduits provides a first fluid flow path from the first inlet header through the first plurality of conduits to the first outlet header. The conduit array also includes a second plurality of conduits crossing and interlaced with the first plurality of conduits. First and second fluid flow paths are provided through the first and second pluralities of conduits, and a third fluid flow path is through open spaces between the crossed interlaced first and second pluralities of conduits.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger comprising a plurality of plates having a plane peripheral zone, an inner zone having sinusoidal undulations and two chimneys positioned at two opposite corners of the plates. Modules are formed by assembling two plates that make contact via the undulation troughs and the peripheral zones. The modules are stacked so as to make contact via the inlet and outlet chimneys. Each module may thus deform independently, in particular at the undulation troughs and ridges without transmitting stress to the other modules of the heat exchanger. In addition, the heat exchanger may comprise a tie rod in each inlet and outlet pipe so as to withstand the static pressure of the fluids flowing in the pipes.

Abstract: A flat heat pipe includes a tube, a sealed section, an insulation section and a heat conduction section. The tube includes a metal shell and a chamber. The sealed section is formed by rolling the metal shell and making two opposite inner walls of the tube combined closely on the tube that separate the chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber. The insulation section is a hollow chamber including the first chamber. The conduction section includes the second chamber, a capillary and working fluid. Further, the heat conduction device includes a heat dissipating shell, a heating element and a flat heat pipe. The plate heat pipe is disposed in the heat dissipating shell and thermally conducted with the heating element.

Abstract: The application relates to an combined heating power and cooling apparatus with energy storage for an active distribution network and its operating method. The apparatus is comprised of a generation apparatus, a generator, a waste heat recovering and absorbing heat pump, a high temperature flue gas-water heat exchanger, a medium temperature flue gas-water heat exchanger, a low temperature flue gas-water heat exchanger, a energy storing electric heat pump, a high temperature energy storing canister, a low temperature energy storing canister, a cooling tower a number of circulating water pumps and a number of valves.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with multiple cooling circuits includes fins featuring at least two adjacent areas, a first one of the areas arranged in a first row of pipes and a second one of the areas arranged in a second row of pipes. A number of patterns are arranged in each of the areas. The number of patterns is determined by a specified heat transfer performance requirement for each of the areas.

Abstract: The mixed louver spiral fin is a development of the conventional spiral fin-and-tube heat exchanger having louvers at the surface of the fin. Louvers are made on the fin surface for enhancing heat transfer performance. The louvers made are perpendicular and parallel with the radius of the fin. The mixed louver spiral fin can be used for building heat exchangers with heat exchange between fluids, such as gas, liquid, or gas-liquid two phases or application in heat exchangers for waste heat recovery.

Abstract: A heat transfer system includes a steam chamber that communicates in an open-loop arrangement with a first steam source for supplying steam to the steam chamber, the steam chamber including a steam exit for supplying steam to air at atmospheric pressure. A heat transfer tube communicates in a closed-loop arrangement with a second steam source for supplying steam to an interior surface of the heat transfer tube, the heat transfer tube vaporizing condensate forming within the heat transfer system back to steam that is supplied to the air via the steam exit. The outer surface of the heat transfer tube is configured to contact the condensate and vaporize the condensate back into steam, wherein the heat transfer tube includes a plurality of pockets formed on the outer surface of the tube, each pocket including a pocket exit/entry portion having a smaller cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the pocket at a root portion thereof adjacent the outer surface of the tube.

Abstract: A heat transfer plate has first and second long sides, with a transition area adjoining the distribution area along a first borderline and adjoining a heat transfer area along a second borderline. The transition area includes a transition pattern comprising transition projections and depressions, and first, second and third sub-areas successively arranged between the first/second border lines. An imaginary straight line extends between two end points of each transition projection with a smallest angle ?n, n=1, 2, 3 . . . relative to a longitudinal center axis of the plate. The smallest angle varies between transition projections within the second sub-area such that the smallest angle for at least a main part of the transition projections within the second sub-area is larger than the first angle ?1, and the smallest angle for a main part of the transition projections within the first sub-area is essentially equal to the first angle.

Abstract: This heat exchanger (100) includes a core portion (1), a header portion (2), and an intermediate member (3), and the curvature radius of a corner (31a to 31d) of the intermediate member is configured to be smaller than the curvature radius at a header portion side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) comprising a coolant housing (10) and a header plate (20). The header plate (20) crimps around a border (11) of the coolant housing (10) by encompassing the border (11). The header plate (20) is provided with apertures (22), each aperture (22) receiving a tube (30) for guiding coolant from or to the closed cavity (50). The heat exchanger (1) further comprises a reinforcing plate (40) extending between two opposing crimped locations on the border (11) of the coolant housing (10), and extending on the outside of the header plate (20) in view of the closed cavity (50), wherein the reinforcing plate (40) is joined, at the opposing locations, to an outer surface portion of the header plate (20), and wherein the reinforcing plate (40) is provided with at least one aperture (42) embracing one or more of the tubes (30) received by the header plate (20).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a header usable with an exchanger bundle of a heat exchanger. Said exchanger bundle includes at least one first row of tubes and one second row of tubes. The tubes are suitable for enabling the flow of a first fluid in the exchanger bundle. The header includes at least: —one first contact element for supporting the top side of a first end of the first row of tubes; —one second contact element for supporting the bottom side of said first end of the first row of tubes and supporting the top side of a first end of the second row of tubes, the thickness of the second contact element defining the distance between said first and second rows of tubes; and —one third contact element for supporting the bottom side of said first end of the second row of tubes.

Abstract: A heat sink structure is provided having fins mechanically altered dynamically to change and optimize the heat sink's performance based on certain environmental conditions. Specifically, the shape of fins of the heat sink structure is dynamically altered in response to environmental conditions that indicate the need for increased thermal performance by spreading the fins through a mechanical device dynamically, or by collapsing the fins to reduce pressure drop across a region when increased thermal performance is not needed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed for use with an air handling system. The heat exchanger may have an inlet, an outlet, and at least one passage fluidly connecting the inlet and the outlet. The at least one passage may include a wall configured to transfer heat between a first fluid inside the at least one passage and a second fluid outside the at least one passage. The heat exchanger may also have a plurality of heat conducting features disposed along a length of the at least one passage, and a foul-resistant coating applied to only a subset of the plurality of heat conducting features.

Abstract: A heat sink structure is provided having fins mechanically altered dynamically to change and optimize the heat sink's performance based on certain environmental conditions. Specifically, the shape of fins of the heat sink structure is dynamically altered in response to environmental conditions that indicate the need for increased thermal performance by spreading the fins through a mechanical device dynamically, or by collapsing the fins to reduce pressure drop across a region when increased thermal performance is not needed.

Abstract: Heat transfer equipment often loses heat transfer capacity due to fouling and scaling which results in lost economic value in the form of lost heat, production, and the labor required for cleaning the equipment. A heat exchanger is provided, including: a first means of fluid communication to a shell (5); a second means of fluid communication to the shell; a flow diverter (2) for reversing the flow of fluid from the shell and the first and second means of communication; a tube (6) within the shell in fluid communication with both the first and second means of fluid communication; and a brush positionable within first and second brush housings (3), the brush housings positioned respectively on the first and second means of fluid communication, the brush moveable with the flow of fluid through the tube; wherein the tube is expandable independent of the shell. The tube is fixed to only one end of the shell without using tubesheets.

Abstract: A gas to gas heat exchanger 110 is equipped with a heat transfer element cleaning system 160, effluent collector hopper 162 and effluent collector hopper cleaning system 164. The heat transfer element cleaning system 160 is useful to remove accumulated substances from the heat exchanger 110 heat transfer elements 134. The effluent collector hopper 162 is useful to capture a cleaning fluid used to remove accumulated substances from the heat exchanger 110 heat transfer elements 134. The effluent collector hopper cleaning system 164 is useful to remove accumulated substances captured with the cleaning fluid from the effluent collector hopper 162 to prevent clogging thereof.

Abstract: A reloadable magazine comprising a housing, a magazine spring, a carrier plate, an attachment pin, and a pull string. The housing further comprises a top and a bottom end and the magazine spring is disposed within the housing. Moreover, the carrier plate is disposed on a first end of the spring and the attachment pin is disposed on the carrier plate. In addition, the pull string includes a first end and a second end and the first end is attached to the attachment pin.

Abstract: A bullpup stock assembly configured for housing a firearm assembly without the use of tools. The bullpup stock includes an upper housing configured to hingedly couple with a lower housing. A hinging means hingedly couples the upper and lower housings such that in a closed configuration the forward ends upper and lower housing are joined, and such that in an open configuration the upper and lower housing are not joined. A bullpup trigger is configured to communicate with a trigger of the firearm assembly by a trigger linkage assembly such that the bullpup trigger activates the firearm when depressed. A block assembly housed with the upper and lower housings is configured to house a firing assembly of the firearm and the trigger linkage assembly. At least one locking means for locking the upper and lower housings together when the forward ends of the upper and lower housing are joined.