Abstract: A composition and method for controlling heavy hydrocarbons in down-hole environments and with associated equipment used in oil and gas well operations. The composition and method comprising an ether and optionally an ester, an alkoxylated alcohol or a hydrocarbon co-solvent. The compositions and methods are useful in controlling heavy hydrocarbons such as paraffins and asphaltenes by dissolving paraffins, suspending paraffins and asphaltenes and dissolving heavy oils, both down-hole and with associated equipment.

Abstract: A method of preventing or mitigating the formation of metal sulfide scale in a fluid is provided. The fluid can be treated with an additive comprising thiamine. The fluid can be a production fluid from an oil and gas well. The production fluid can include crude oil. The fluid can include an aqueous fluid. The aqueous fluid can further include crude oil. The metal sulfide scale can include iron sulfide scale and/or zinc sulfide scale.

Abstract: Method are provided for treating a wellbore or subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation to increase hydrocarbon recovery from the formation by in-depth mobility control and/or fluid diversion conformance by introducing a water soluble acrylamide polymer and a non-metallic organic crosslinking agent, or a crosslinkable acrylamide polymer, into an injection fluid entering the wellbore or the formation.

Abstract: Provided herein are inter alia non-surfactant aqueous compositions and methods having application in the field of enhanced oil recovery. In particular, non-surfactant compositions including light co-solvents and an alkali agent presented herein can be used, inter alia, for the recovery of a large range of crude oil compositions from challenging reservoirs.

Abstract: A method and composition relating to treating subterranean wells and particularly relating to treating subterranean wells with crosslinked well treatment fluids is shown. The method and composition involve the use of a ulexite with a crosslinking accelerator selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts.

Abstract: Methods for treating a shale formation may include injecting a pad fluid including a shale stabilizing agent into a shale formation to generate one or more fractures. The method may also include injecting a fracturing slurry including proppant particulates into the one or more generated fractures such that the proppant particulates form microfractures along shale fracture faces. At least a portion of the proppant particulates may be at least partially coated with at least one oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method for reducing fluid loss from a water-based wellbore servicing fluid is disclosed. The method includes preparing a fluid loss control additive that is substantially stable even at a high temperature of about 350° F. The fluid loss control additive may be formulated by dry mixing of a natural starch and sodium monochloroacetate for a first predetermined reaction time period; spraying an alkaline solution onto the dry mixture for a second predetermined reaction time period to form a complex starch mixture; and treating the complex starch mixture for a third predetermined reaction time period with a diluted cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A method for forming particles having a ridge portion includes inducing flow of a slurry of particles and a reactant through one or more orifices, detaching an amount of the slurry from the slurry flow following exit from the one or more orifices, the detached amount forming a slurry body, forming the slurry body into a particle shape, contacting the particle shaped slurry body with a coagulation solution to form a stabilized particle having the ridge portion, and drying and/or sintering the particle having the ridge portion.

Abstract: A method for forming rod-shaped particles includes inducing flow of a slurry of particles and a reactant through one or more orifices and into a coagulation solution, wherein the slurry exiting the one or more orifices is a continuous uninterrupted stream, coagulating the reactant in the coagulation solution to form stabilized rods, drying the stabilized rods and reducing a length of the dried stabilized rods.

Abstract: The invention provides metal-organic frame-works (MOFs) and its compositions for use as proppants in a method of treating subterranean formations.

Abstract: Proppants for use in subterranean formations and methods for fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore are provided. The proppant material comprises a particulate body having a hydrophobic surface. The method involves introducing a plurality of the particulate bodies into an aqueous fluid to produce a fracturing fluid. Subsequently, the fracturing fluid is introduced into the wellbore at or above a pressure sufficient to create or enhance at least one fracture in the subterranean formation. The proppant material has an increased buoyance factor within the aqueous fluid than a similar proppant material without the hydrophobic surface.

Abstract: Lightweight proppant particles are disclosed. The lightweight proppant particle can include a proppant particle having an apparent specific gravity of at least about 1.5 g/cc, a coating of a hydrophobic material formed on an outer surface of the proppant particle, and a coating of an amphiphilic material formed on an outer surface of the coating of the hydrophobic material.

Abstract: A self-suspending proppant is a particulate aggregate coated with or partly coated with water soluble polymer material; the aggregate is a solid particle having enough mechanical strength for bearing the closure stress of fractures, and is selected from one or more of quartz sand, ceramicite, metal particles, spherical glass particles, sintered bauxite, sintered alumina, sintered zirconia, synthetic resin, coated sand, and crushed nutshell particles; the amount of the water soluble polymer material is 0.1-5 wt % based on the amount of the aggregate. With the self-suspending proppant of the present invention, fracturing does not need the use of expensive fracturing fluids with added organic polymers, and easily available natural water can be directly used for fracturing, thus reducing pollution and costs; and the self-suspending proppant of the present invention can reduce the frictional resistance of the fracturing fluid.

Abstract: A method of treating a subterranean formation includes providing capsules comprising at least one of a mineral acid, a Lewis acid, a hydrolysable acid precursor, and mixtures thereof; providing a carrier fluid; placing the capsules and the carrier fluid into a zone in a shale formation, the zone comprising fractures; allowing the capsules to at least partially dissolve. Upon the hydrolysis of the acid, etching of the faces of the fractures occurs.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a semiconductor light source in direct contact with a polymer composite comprising a color stable Mn4+ doped phosphor, wherein the lighting apparatus has a color shift of 1.5 MacAdam ellipses after operating for at least 2,000 hour at a LED current density greater than 2 A/cm2, a LED wall-plug efficiency greater than 40%, and a board temperature greater than 25° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method including disposing in a mold a powder that has a composition for manufacturing a scintillator material and compressing the powder to form the scintillator material; where an exit surface of the scintillator material has a texture that comprises a plurality of projections that reduce total internal reflection at the exit surface and that increase the amount of photons exiting the exit surface by an amount of greater than or equal to 5% over a surface that does not have the projections.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a surface-treated phosphor (11) in which the surface of an alkaline-earth silicate phosphor (12) containing a silicate of alkaline-earth metal is covered with a surface treatment layer (13), the method comprising: surface treatment which brings the alkaline-earth silicate phosphor (12) into contact with the surface treatment substance (23) molten or pyrolyzed to form the surface treatment layer (13) on the surface of the alkaline-earth silicate phosphor (12) wherein the surface treatment substance (23) is at least one selected from a group consisting of a sulfate, a phosphate, a carbonate, a borate, a boric acid, a titanate, and a fluoride.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a scintillator comprising a plurality of garnet compositions in a single block having the structural formula (1): M1aM2bM3cM4dO12??(1) where O represents oxygen, M1, M2, M3, and M4 represents a first, second, third and fourth metal that are different from each other, where the sum of a+b+c+d is about 8, where “a” has a value of 2 to 3.5, “b” has a value of 0 to 5, “c” has a value of 0 to 5 “d” has a value of 0 to 1, where “b” and “c”, “b” and “d” or “c” and “d” cannot both be equal to zero simultaneously, where M1 is rare earth element including gadolinium, yttrium, lutetium, or a combination thereof, M2 is aluminum or boron, M3 is gallium and M4 is a codopant; wherein two compositions having identical structural formulas are not adjacent to each other and wherein the single block is devoid of optical interfaces between different compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are green-emitting, garnet-based phosphors having the formula (Lu1?a?b?cYaTbbAc)3(Al1?dBd)5(O1?eCe)12:Ce,Eu, where A is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Sr, Ca, and Ba; B is selected from the group consisting of Ga and In; C is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br; and 0?a?1; 0?b?1; 0<c?0.5; 0?d?1; and 0<e?0.2. These phosphors are distinguished from anything in the art by nature of their inclusion of both an alkaline earth and a halogen. Their peak emission wavelength may lie between about 500 nm and 540 nm; in one embodiment, the phosphor (Lu,Y,A)3Al5(O,F,Cl)12:Eu2+ has an emission at 540 nm. The FWHM of the emission peak lies between 80 nm and 150 nm. The present green garnet phosphors may be combined with a red-emitting, nitride-based phosphor such as CaAlSiN3 to produce white light.

Abstract: A narrow band red phosphor may have a general composition MSxSeyAz:Eu, wherein M is at least one of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, A is at least one of C, N, B, P and a monovalent combining group NCN (cyanamide), and may in some embodiments further include one or more of O, F, Cl, Br and I. In embodiments 0.8<x+y<1.25 and 0<z?0.05, and in some embodiments x, y and z are determined strictly by charge balancing. A white light emitting device may comprise: a blue and/or UV excitation source; a narrow band red phosphor of the present invention; and phosphors with peak emission at shorter wavelengths, such as yellow, green, yellow/green and/or blue.

Abstract: A coated phosphor comprises: phosphor particles comprised of a phosphor with composition MSe1-xSx:Eu, wherein M is at least one of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn and 0<x<1.0; and a coating on individual ones of the phosphor particles, the coating comprising a layer of oxide material encapsulating the individual phosphor particles; wherein the coated phosphor is configured such that under excitation by a blue LED the reduction in photoluminescent intensity at the peak emission wavelength after 1,000 hours of aging at about 85° C. and about 85% relative humidity is no greater than about 15%; and wherein the coated phosphor is configured such that the change in chromaticity coordinates CIE(x), ?x, after 1,000 hours of aging at about 85° C. and about 85% relative humidity is less than or equal to about 5×10?3.

Abstract: A composition and method using same useful for etching a semiconductor substrate comprising: from about 25 to 86% by weight of water; from about 0 to about 60% by weight of a water-miscible organic solvent; from about 1 to about 30% by weight of a base comprising a quartenary ammonium compound; from about 1 to about 50% by weight of an amine compound wherein the amine compound is selected from the group consisting of a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, and mixtures thereof; from about 0 to about 5% by weight of a buffering agent; from about 0 to about 15% by weight of a corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition is provided containing a first liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1): and a second liquid crystal compound represented by formula (2): Also provided is a method for producing the liquid crystal composition having a desired wavelength dispersion characteristic.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing bromine-containing polymers, comprising a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of pentabromobenzyl halide with a polymer reactant which contains one or more six-membered aromatic ring(s) in its repeat unit, in the presence of at least one Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The so-formed bromine-containing polymers, having pendent —CH2C6Br5 groups attached to at least a portion of the six-membered aromatic rings of the polymer, with a carbon ring atom of said six-membered aromatic ring being bonded to the aliphatic carbon of said —CH2C6Br5 pendent group, are also provided. These bromine-containing polymers are useful as flame retarding agents.

Abstract: A waste processing apparatus may include a pyrolyser and a feed assembly. The feed assembly may include a feed duct including a waste inlet configured to receive waste. The feed duct may further include a waste outlet configured to discharge the waste from the feed duct to the pyrolyser. The feed assembly may also include a feed screw disposed within the feed duct configured to convey the waste from the waste inlet to the waste outlet. The feed assembly may further include a rotary drive configured to cause the feed screw to convey the waste from the waste inlet to the waste outlet. The feed assembly may also include a rotational resistance sensor configured to monitor a parameter related to resistance to rotation. The feed assembly may further include a rotary drive controller configured to reduce, based on the parameter, a rotary output speed of the rotary drive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for preventing, in a multi-stage dryer for drying coal using reheat steam, spontaneous ignition caused by oxidation of coal when coal is transferred to the multi-stage dryer from a fixed quantity coal supplier by way of a pulverizer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus that reduces loads of piles of coals that are input from a fixed quantity coal supplier via a pulverizer to a multi-stage dryer and are transferred, and uniformly disperses and flattens the piles of the coals, thereby improving drying efficiency, in the multi-stage dryer that dries coals using reheat steam, wherein coals that are primarily dried by the first coal dryer are input into the second coal dryer to be secondarily dried, the apparatus including: a column-shaped body that is installed on surfaces of the plurality of first transfer plates and second transfer plates, which faces an upper side, at a specific interval; a division boss that protrudes from a central portion of a front surface of the body to divide and disperse a central portion of piles of coals input from a fixed quantity coal supplier onto the surfaces of the first transfer plates and the second transfer plates, which face an upper side, into left and right parts; and a pair of fixing members

Abstract: (57) Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an installation for producing a concentrate of aromatic hydrocarbons from light aliphatic hydrocarbons and from mixtures thereof with oxygenates. According to the method, an initial raw material is fed into two in-series-connected reaction units, a first unit and a second unit, with zeolite catalysts based on a pentasil group; the reaction units arc distinguished through the conditions for converting the hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons; a mixture obtained following the reaction units is separated into a liquid fraction and a gas fraction, and the gas fraction is fed to the inlet of the first and second reaction unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons wherein a feed is hydrotreated in a hydrotreating step and isomerised in an isomerisation step, and a feed comprising fresh feed containing more than 5 wt % of free fatty acids and at least one diluting agent is hydrotreated at a reaction temperature of 200-400° C., in a hydrotreating reactor in the presence of catalyst, and the ratio of the diluting agent/fresh feed is 5-30:1.

Abstract: A coke drum includes a coke drum vessel having a substantially cylindrical wall and a conical bottom portion; a skirt downwardly depending from a transition of the cylindrical wall into the conical bottom portion, an inner annular space being defined between the skirt and the conical bottom portion; and a fluid injection system communicated with the inner annular space for injecting fluid at a desired temperature to heat or cool the inner annular space. The fluid injection system allows the inner annular space and junction of the skirt with the coke drum vessel to be heated or cooled to minimize temperature difference between these areas and a batch of coke to be introduced into the drum.

Abstract: A residue slurry bed hydrocracking method and device is used in the deep processing of crude oil. The processes of “slurry bed+fixed bed” reactor are applied. Raw materials, additives, catalysts and hydrogen are mixed, heated and pressurized before they are introduced into the slurry reactor, where thermal cracking and catalytic reactions occur under high hydrogen partial pressure. The coke, catalysts and additives in the reaction process are separated at the bottom of the heated high pressure separator (HHPS). Then they are transferred in a conventional fixed bed reactor to do further hydrocracking and hydrorefining, to product light oil products. The new Mo-Fe based catalyst developed in the invention can improve the activity of the main reactions, inhibit the reaction of coke production, and reduce system pressure from 20 Mpa to 17 Mpa, which can reduce device costs. Conversion rates can reach 90-95%, with the yield of light oil reaching 80-83%.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system and method for processing diesel fuel from petroleum-based waste oil on a small scale compared to conventional methods for re-refining waste oil to a valuable product. In an embodiment, the method comprises dehydrating waste oil to remove water from the waste oil, and operating a vertical cylindrical reactor to induce pyrolysis of the dehydrated waste oil and convert it into a hydrocarbon vapour phase. The hydrocarbon vapour derived from pyrolysis is condensed and distilled using a distillation tower to produce diesel fuel, heavy liquid hydrocarbon, light liquid hydrocarbon and light hydrocarbon vapour. A filtering step cleans the processed diesel fuel to obtain a clean diesel fuel product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to delayed coking of heavy petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products. The invented process utilize a pre-cracking reactor for mild thermal cracking of the feedstock and an intermediate separator, before being subjected to higher severity thermal cracking in delayed coking process, resulting in reduction in overall coke yield.

Abstract: Deep desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds containing undesired organosulfur compounds to produce a hydrocarbon product having low levels of sulfur, i.e., 15 ppmw or less of sulfur, is achieved by first subjecting the entire feed to an extraction zone to separate an aromatic-rich fraction containing a substantial amount of the aromatic refractory and sterically hindered sulfur-containing compounds and an aromatic-lean fraction containing a substantial amount of the labile sulfur-containing compounds. The aromatic-rich fraction is contacted with isomerization catalyst, and the isomerized aromatic-rich fraction and the aromatic-lean fraction are combined and contacted with a hydrotreating catalyst in a hydrodesulfurization reaction zone operating under mild conditions to reduce the quantity of organosulfur compounds to an ultra-low level.

Abstract: A heat receiver, a reactor, and a heater utilize the heat of concentrated solar light for thermal decomposition and/or chemical reaction of coals, etc. The heat receiver includes: a side portion forming a substantially cylindrical side surface; a substantially circular bottom portion connected to the lower edge of the side portion; and a ceiling connected to the upper edge of the side portion. A substantially circular aperture is formed in the center of the ceiling. The heat receiver has a substantially cylindrical cavity and the opening portion is open. When the cavity has a diameter of D and a length of L, and the aperture has a diameter of d, d=D/2 or less and L=2D or more. Concentrated solar light entering the heat receiver is to be contained in the heat receiver to effectively utilize the solar light.

Abstract: This invention is about a coal feeding system (1) which feeds pulverized coal and oxygen separately and vertically through concentric pipes directly to the upper level of the reactor (R) at entrained flow gasification systems. The system (1) consists a top intake (2), a side intake (3), an air supply chamber (4), an oxygen port (5), an ultrasonic sensor port (6), an inner concentric pipe (7), and an outer concentric pipe (8). The system (1) also operates with a coal bunker (K), a screw feeder (B) for adjusting the coal mass flow rate from the coal bunker (K) through the coal feeding system (1) to the reactor (R), and a reactor (R) where the coal are sprayed from the coal feeding system (1) and gasified at high temperatures.

Abstract: A method of processing raw oil sands material that includes bitumen. The method includes, in a predistillation process, heating the raw oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C. to at least partially vaporize the bitumen, to provide atmospheric gas oil and vacuum gas oil from the bitumen, and to provide coked oil sands material that includes carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand. The coked oil sands material is heated to approximately 900° C., to produce a dry barren hot oil sands material and syngas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases. Heat energy is transferred from at least a portion of the barren hot oil sands material to the raw oil sands material.

Abstract: A method for treating a synthesis gas from a gasification step. The synthesis gas is cooled to condense heavy organic impurities and water. At the end of the cooling step, light organic impurities and inorganic impurities are adsorped by at least one adsorption bed. The water and heavy tars are separated by decantation from the step of cooling the synthesis gas. At least one adsorption bed is regenerated by temperature-modulated or pressure-modulated desorption.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting an alcohol into a fuel mixture which consists of alcohol, ether and water and is suitable for operating a combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, converts the alcohol into the fuel mixture in a reactor at a suitable reaction temperature. The mixing ratio of alcohol fraction, ether fraction and water fraction in the fuel mixture is adjusted by controlling at least one reaction parameter of a reaction taking place in the reactor.

Abstract: A diesel fuel substitute composition includes an alcohol, an acetal, and an additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of C3-8 dialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, R—NO2, and combinations thereof. A method for forming the diesel fuel substitute is also provided.

Abstract: A volume of natural gas including a volume of methane and a volume of other alkanes may be cleaned of the other alkanes using a steam reformer system to create synthesis gas. This synthesis gas may then be combined with hydrogen to produce methane and water.

Abstract: Methods for producing processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from an unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock are described. Unprocessed feedstock is introduced into and transported through at least one reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is configured for each feedstock to produce processed feedstock having a water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60 percent from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock and a water content of less than 20 percent.

Abstract: A modified dryer operates on a different principle from that used by the prior torrefaction plants. The subject invention utilizes thermal conduction to torrefy the biomass in a vibratory reactor in which a heated solid unperforated plate is sealed in the reactor to separate the biomass above from the gas used to heat the plate below. This permits using inert flue gas to heat the reactor which in turn permits the use of a cool air damping system to prevent thermal runaway. Also syngas evolved from the process is utilized to power a gas engine, the exhaust output of which is recirculated to heat the reactor plate. When the gas engine is coupled to an electric generator, waste energy is recovered for use in other parts of the plant or exported elsewhere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: Problem A detergent friction modifying agent having both a detergent performance that ameliorates and prevents degradation over time that is caused by deposits in the engine, and a friction reducing effect that lowers frictional resistance in the engine; a fuel additive that improves drivability with a good balance over the entire range of engine speeds, and provides engine characteristics such that, over the entire range of driving speeds, the engine-braking characteristics are such that the feeling of free running will be strongly produced, such that a fuel consumption improvement effect is produced in actual vehicles that is greater than the values produced on the test bench, and which also has storage stability; and a fuel composition containing the same. Solution The present invention is characterized by containing a polyetheramine carboxylic acid salt; the fuel additive of the present invention is added to fuel at 0.5 wt % or less.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: The instant invention involves the use of simple and complex carboxyl esters, or mixtures thereof, of carboxyl end-capped-polytetramethylene glycols of specific structure to minimize the elastohydrodynamic shear strength of these types of fluids.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for transmissions is provided which improves fuel saving properties and has excellent metal fatigue life and heat resistance. The composition contains 50 to 97 percent by mass of (A) a mineral base oil having a 100° C. kinematic viscosity of 1.5 mm2/s or higher and 3.5 mm2/s or lower, a pour point a ?25° C. or lower, a viscosity index of 105 or greater, a % Cp of 85 or greater, a % CN of 2 or greater and 20 or less and a % CA of 3 or less; 3 to 10 percent by mass of (B) a monoester-hased base oil having a 100° C. kinematic viscosity of 2 mm2/s or higher and 10 mm2/s or lower; and 150 to 400 ppm by mass as phosphorus of (C) a specific sulfur-containing phosphite ester. The composition has a 100° C. kinematic viscosity of 2.5 mm2/s or higher and 4.0 mm2/s or lower.

Abstract: Provided are a method for simultaneously and stably dispersing spherical nanoparticles in an oil medium by using layered nanosheets and an application thereof. The method comprises: (1) mixing the layered nanosheets and oil-soluble alkylamines to obtain a first mixture containing intercalated/exfoliated nano sheets; (2) mixing spherical nanoparticles and the oil medium to obtain a second mixture; and (3) mixing the first mixture, the second mixture and the oil medium to obtain a third mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oil composition with improved fuel economy and durability. The oil composition may be effective in improving fuel economy by reduction of friction on sliding parts of vehicle engines and in preventing abrasion of the engines by effective dispersion of soot in respective parts of the engines. The oil composition comprises a detergent dispersant, a friction reducer and a viscosity controller, which are suitably optimized at a mix ratio of those components.