Abstract: Disclosed are a 3D scanning apparatus and a 3D scanning method. The 3D scanning apparatus includes a turntable which is rotatable at 360 degrees about a rotating shaft so that the target object is rotated; a 3D scanner configured to obtain 3D scan data of the target object by scanning the target object on the turntable; and a controller configured to control a rotating operation of the turntable and a scanning operation of the 3D scanner so as to rotate the turntable 360 at degrees, operate the 3D scanner to scan the target object at each of rotation angles of the turntable, and additionally measure the non-measured portion by distinguishing a non-measured portion of the target object.

Abstract: A dimensioning system including a computing device running an alignment software program is disclosed. The alignment software uses range information from a range sensor in order to generate alignment messages. The alignment messages may help a user define a frame of reference and align the dimensioning system's range sensor for improved dimensioning performance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hand-held observation device. The observation device is characterized in that a first observation channel comprises a first opto-mechanical stabilization unit for actively and equally stabilizing, during an observation, a first observation optical axis and an LRF axis of an integrated laser range finder by compensating for hand jitter during the observation, the first opto-mechanical stabilization unit being adapted for continuously adjusting and setting a lateral position (with respect to the optical axis) of at least one lens of the objective optical system of the first optical observation channel, in a way automatically controlled by an electronic processing and control unit, which reads and processes the gyro sensor data, particularly in a way wherein the adjusting of the lateral position of the at least one lens equally stabilizes the first observation optical axis and the LRF axis in one go.

Abstract: A drone including a barometric sensor adapted to deliver a drone altitude signal; a sensor for measuring the attitude of said drone, adapted to estimate at least one angle of attitude of the drone, and altitude determination means adapted to deliver a drone altitude value, expressed in an absolute terrestrial reference system. The drone includes a relative wind speed sensor adapted to measure the relative wind speed and the altitude determination means includes a device for memorizing predetermined altitude compensation data, an altitude estimator receiving as an input the signals delivered by the attitude measurement sensor and by the relative wind speed sensor and by the barometric sensor and combining these signals with the altitude compensation data memorized in the memorized device to output the estimated drone altitude value.

Abstract: A digital geologic compass system includes a microcontroller electronically connected with an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a magnetometer, which facilitates operations of the accelerometer, the gyroscope, and the magnetometer and data output from the accelerometer, the gyroscope, and the magnetometer. The digital geologic compass system further includes a GPS (Global Positioning System) unit that communicates with the microcontroller, wherein the microcontroller facilitates an operation of the GPS unit. Additionally, a digital display receives data output from the microcontroller and which is subject to control by the microcontroller. A communications interface is displayable via the digital display. A power supply also provides power to the microcontroller.

Abstract: Provided are a single-chip differential free layer push-pull magnetic field sensor bridge and preparation method, the magnetic field sensor bridge comprising: a substrate, a staggered soft magnetic flux concentrator array, and a GMR spin valve or a TMR magnetoresistance sensing unit array having a magnetic sensing axis in an X-direction on the substrate. A soft magnetic flux concentrator comprises sides parallel to an X-axis and a Y-axis, and four corners sequentially labeled as A, B, C and D clockwise from an upper left position. Magnetoresistive sensing units are located at gaps between the soft magnetic flux concentrators. Additionally, the magnetoresistive sensing units corresponding to the A and C corner positions and B and D corner positions of the soft flux concentrators are defined as push magnetoresistive sensing units and pull magnetoresistive sensing units respectively.

Abstract: A method for performing continuous calibration of a magnetometer in a device includes during operation of a device, continually performing magnetometer measurements; continuously determining a state of the device; determining a magnetometer calibration model based on the magnetometer measurements and the state of the device; continually evaluating an accuracy of the magnetometer calibration model based the magnetometer measurements and the state of the device; and updating the magnetometer calibration model based on the evaluation of the accuracy magnetometer calibration model, the magnetometer measurements, and the state of the device.

Abstract: An in-door positioning system for a building includes three or more external positioning devices (EPDs), wherein the EPD is capable of calculating the distance between each other; a floor plan module with a floor plan map of the building, for a building level of interest; and relative positions of the EPDs; and an indoor positioning device positioned at a predetermined distance to each of the EPDs.

Abstract: An identification is made as to when a device is at an anchor location, which can be a proximity zone along an edge of a dead zone or a location where a signal from a beacon is detected. In response to the device being at the anchor location, one or more inertial sensors can be activated and data from the one or more inertial sensors collected to determine a position of the device using dead reckoning. Alternatively, in response to the device being at the anchor location, a determination is made as to when to deactivate one or more inertial sensors from which data is collected to determine the position of the device using dead reckoning.

Abstract: According to some embodiments of the invention, movement measurements may be obtained from a movement sensor (e.g., an accelerometer) of a mobile device in a vehicle. In addition, location measurements may be obtained from a location sensor (e.g., a GPS) of the mobile device in the vehicle. The movement measurements and the location measurements may be cross-referenced to each other to remove erroneous measurements, such as physically impossible measurements. The remaining measurements may be used to draw conclusions about the movements or locations, such as to identify a movement event (e.g., a braking event, an acceleration event, or the like).

Abstract: Methods, computer program products, and systems are presented. The methods include, for instance: providing a cognitive tour guide service to a group of participants for a tour with an initial route planned by participants registration information and environment information along the initial route. During the tour, real time sensory data on the participants health characteristics, change in environment are collected by a cognitive agent accompanying the group to lead the tour are relayed to a cognitive tour guide engine, and real time multi-objective optimization is modeled and performed. The participants are regrouped responsive to their respective enjoyment and circumstances of the environment and, among a set of optimal solutions, a new route for the tour is selected based on participant preference modeled and trained by participant feedback. During the tour, the cognitive tour guide engine continuously optimizes route responsive to incoming real time sensory data.

Abstract: Aspects described herein improve upon systems and methods for generalising topographical map data relating to the road network for use at different scale levels. Existing systems collapse the two carriageways of a dual carriageway to a single centreline representing the dual carriageway by tracking along one way sections of carriageway and generating pairs of carriageways for collapse, but fall short of being able to compute complicated intersections. Further, existing methods place heavy demands on processing power and are not suitable for change only refreshes. Aspects described herein use graph theory to create a tracked network of stroke type objects representing the length of single carriageway sections of dual carriageways, and then successfully pairs them such that they can be collapsed to a centre line and connected to the road network. The process reduces computation time, thereby speeding the rendering process for map imagery.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to selecting a path for navigation based on a node signature and a device signature. The node signature is directly related to node attribute data. The device signature is directly related to device data. A route is selected based on a match or near match of the node and device signatures.

Abstract: A mapping system is disclosed that provides route guidance in the form of a map and verbal or textual directions which includes reference to both landmarks and personal contacts. Landmarks and contacts can be rated for suitability in providing route guidance. Depending on the rating, guidance using landmarks or personal contacts can be preferentially used in place of or to supplement guidance based on the underlying road network.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention customize services, including search results, that are customized based on the user's familiarity with a geographic area. The search results may be customized by including different information in a search result, emphasizing different information in a search result, adjusting a relevance rank of different search results, and such. The search results may be customized based on the understanding that a user's familiarity with a particular area may influence the type of information that can be useful to the user. Different levels of familiarity may cause different types and levels of search result customization to be performed.

Abstract: One or more techniques and/or systems are provided for providing a recommendation and/or a travel interface based upon a predicted travel intent. For example, a set of user signals (e.g., search queries, calendar information, social network data, etc.) may be evaluated to determine the predicted travel intent for a user to travel to a destination. A recommendation may be provided based upon the predicted travel intent. For example, images, news stories, advertisements, events, attractions, travel accommodation (e.g., hotel, car, and/or flight reservation functionality) and/or other information and functionality associated with the destination may be provided through the recommendation. The recommendation may be provided through an alert, a mobile app, a website, a travel interface, and/or a variety of other interfaces. The predicted travel intent may be used to modify information provided by a website, an operating system, and/or apps (e.g., a news app may display information about the destination).

Abstract: A sensor system including a movable member, a sensor, and an interpolator. The sensor is configured to generate a first output signal and a second output signal. The first output signal has a first phase angle, the second output signal has a second phase angle, and a first difference between the first phase angle and the second phase angle has a first value. The first value of the first difference includes an offset related to a mechanical incompatibility between the sensor and the movable member. The interpolator is configured to receive the first output signal and the second output signal. The interpolator is operable to apply a compensation factor to generate a third signal having a third phase. The compensation factor has a value that is based on the mechanical incompatibility between the sensor and the movable member.

Abstract: Systems and apparatuses are disclosed for a hydrophone using a nitrogen vacancy center diamond magnetic sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an eddy current sensor, comprising: a housing; a plurality of probes which are all disposed inside the housing, probing ends of the probes being all disposed at inner side of an exterior surface of the housing to avoid the probing ends of the probes from protruding out of the exterior surface of the housing. Because the probing ends of the plurality of probes are all located at the inner side of the exterior surface of the housing, the housing will protect the probes when the eddy current sensor is hit by an external force, thereby avoiding damage of the probes due to the impact, which reduces fault rate of the probes, enhances use reliability of the eddy current sensor, and prolongs service life of the eddy current sensor.

Abstract: A resolver rotatably coupled to a rotatable member is described, including a method for evaluating an output signal therefrom. This includes supplying an excitation signal to the resolver and dynamically determining corresponding output signals from the resolver. A plurality of datasets are determined, with each dataset including digitized states of the excitation signal supplied to the resolver and corresponding output signals from the resolver. The digitized states of the excitation signal and the corresponding output signals from the resolver for each of the datasets are arithmetically combined, and a moving average thereof is determined. A phase shift error term is determined based upon the moving average, and a phase shift is determined between the excitation signal and the corresponding output signals based upon the phase shift error term.

Abstract: A voltage supply apparatus includes: a primary cell; and a constant voltage supply unit. The constant voltage supply unit has set therein a voltage drop determination value, which is a threshold that is higher than a positional-data loss level and is lower than a second output voltage, which is a constant voltage at a steady voltage level that the constant voltage supply unit outputs when in a steady state. The constant voltage supply unit converts a first output voltage of the primary cell to the second output voltage and supplies it to the absolute-position detection apparatus until the first output voltage falls below the threshold. When the first output voltage falls below the threshold, the constant voltage supply unit converts the first output voltage to a third output voltage which is a voltage at the same level as the threshold, and supplies it to the absolute-position detection apparatus.

Abstract: A scale for an optically scanning position-measuring device includes a carrier and a reflective layer disposed on the carrier. A transparent spacer layer is disposed on the reflective layer. The spacer layer has a patterned, partially transparent layer thereon which defines a bright/dark pattern in which regions having the partially transparent layer appear dark and regions without the partially transparent layer appear bright. A sealing layer is disposed on the patterned, partially transparent layer. Products of refractive index and layer thickness are the same for the spacer layer and the sealing layer, or differ by an odd multiple.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical fiber interferometric system including a light source (1), a fiber optic coil (8), a coil splitter (3), a photodetector (2), and a polarization filtering unit. According to an embodiment, the polarization filtering unit includes a first waveguide polarizer (51), at least one second thin-plate polarizer (52) and an optical waveguide section (12), the at least one second polarizer (52) being disposed in the Rayleigh zone between a first waveguide end (21) of the first polarizer (51) and a second waveguide end (22) of the optical waveguide section (12).

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel, a needle module on the display panel, the needle module including an indicator needle rotatable with respect to a rotation axis, and a driving module to rotate the indicator needle via magnetic force.

Abstract: Two control strategies may be implemented to optimize mud circulation in a drilling mud circulation system. In a networked control strategy, the mud circulation system does not involve any centralized controller yet all the local controllers can exchange information in real-time via a central data storage. The master-slave control strategy involves a centralized optimizer, and the subsystems are treated as slave systems and are driven by a visual master control system.

Abstract: A flow meter (10) for liquids, the meter having a measurement casing (12) with a first connection (20) and a second connection (22), a measuring unit (24) pivoted to the measurement casing (12), with a sensor element (26), a sensor casing (14) that can be coupled to the measurement casing (12) and which partially encompasses the sensor casing, with a sensor (28) that responds to the sensor element (26) for determining the quantity of liquid flowing through the measurement casing. To facilitate easy assembly and subsequent adjustment of the sensor casing (14) with a fixed measurement casing (12), the measurement casing (12) is designed as a measuring tube and has a closed cylindrical surface (38), and that the sensor casing (14) has a recess (46) matched to the cylindrical surface (38) and is arranged coaxially with the measurement casing (12) and pivoted to the latter in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A flow conduit insert for inserting in a flow conduit of an ultrasonic flow meter. The flow conduit insert being designed for increasing the flow velocity of a fluid flowing through the flow conduit. The flow conduit insert includes a flow controlling arrangement, and a fixation arrangement. The flow controlling arrangement has an inner flow channel with a free passage along the longitudinal center axis of the flow conduit over the entire length of the flow conduit insert. The fixation arrangement is arranged to fixate at least one ultrasound reflector.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer for mounting in an ultrasonic flowmeter for measuring the flow has an electromechanical transducer element for generating ultrasonic signals, a carrier and a housing, the electromechanical transducer element being arranged in the carrier, the housing being formed at least in part of an electroconductive material, the carrier having a carrier material with an acoustic impedance value that lies between the acoustic impedance value of the electromechanical transducer element and the acoustic impedance value of the flowing medium to be measured. To provide an ultrasonic transducer that transmits a high signal portion of the ultrasonic signal into the medium to be measured and simultaneously provides a high operational reliability while being easy to build, the carrier is electroconductive, the carrier and the housing are electroconductively connected to one another and the electromechanical transducer element and the carrier are electroconductively connected to one another.

Abstract: In order to improve the characteristic precision of a sensor, an electronic circuit board on which a detection unit that measures a physical quantity is mounted is integrally formed together with a housing so as to reduce mounting variability. This physical-quantity detection device 300 is characterized by having a circuit board 400 and a housing 302 that accommodates said circuit board 400, wherein the circuit board 400 is provided with one or more detection units 602 that detect physical quantities of a gas being measured 30 that passes through a main channel 124, the circuit board 400 is also provided with a circuit unit that performs a computation on the physical quantity detected by each detection unit 602, the housing 302 is formed from a molded resin, and the circuit board 400 is integrally formed together with the housing 302.

Abstract: A peristaltic dosing device for providing dosages of a fluid at a volume of less than one milliliter comprises: a flexible tube, a counter pressure element, a plurality of actors and a drive. The flexible tube is essentially straightly arranged along the counter pressure element thereby forming a longitudinal axis. The actors arranged parallel to each other along the longitudinal axis. They are moveable by the drive in relation to the flexible tube. The flexible tube is compressible between the actors and the counter pressure element by moving the actors. Each of the actors is independently and linearly moveable by the drive along an actuation axis essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the flexible tube from a home position in which the flexible tube is least compressed to an end position in which the flexible tube is compressed and sealed between the respective actor and the counter pressure element.

Abstract: A liquid reservoir includes at least one liquid surface level detection unit in the liquid reservoir. The at least one liquid surface level detection unit includes a plurality of liquid surface level detection units. The plurality of liquid surface level detection units each include a plurality of self-heating sensors. The plurality of self-heating sensors are positioned at different heights.

Abstract: An oil level sensor assembly for an oil tank includes a cell with a first set of holes along the cell, an oil level sensor within the cell that is configured to be inserted into and removed from a bottom of the cell, and a ball valve column within the cell and adjacent to the oil level sensor. The ball valve column is rotatable, has ball valves that correspond with the first set of holes along the cell, and is configured such that the ball valve column is rotatable to an open position aligning the ball valves with the first set of holes to allow oil to access the oil level sensor and rotatable to a closed position misaligning the ball valves with the first set of holes to prevent oil from accessing the oil level sensor.

Abstract: A method of determining a filling level of a product in a tank, comprising generating and transmitting a transmit signal; propagating the transmit signal towards a surface of the product along a signal propagation path comprising a first portion having known signal propagation properties adjacent to the transceiver and a second portion adjacent to the first portion; receiving a reflection signal resulting from reflections at impedance transitions encountered by the transmit signal, including the surface of the product; determining a first measurement relation based on a timing relation between the transmit signal and the reflection signal; determining a second measurement relation based on the first measurement relation and the known signal propagation properties; and determining the filling level based on the second measurement relation.

Abstract: The method of determining actual first pulse and second pulse temporal coordinates in a measured reflected signal generally comprises the steps of: identifying a combined pulse in the reflected signal; generating a first reference pulse corresponding to an expected configuration of the first pulse if the first pulse has a reference located at a first possible first pulse temporal coordinate; generating a second reference pulse corresponding to an expected configuration of the second pulse if the second pulse has a reference located at a first possible second pulse temporal coordinate; comparing the first and second reference pulses to the combined pulse; repeating the steps of generating for at least one other possible combination of first pulse and second pulse temporal coordinates and comparing these other reference pulses to the combined pulse; and determining the actual first pulse and second pulse temporal coordinates based on said repeated comparisons.

Abstract: A measuring device for measuring a measured variable with a sensor device (2) and an output device, which generates at least one output signal based on at least one sensor signal of the sensor device (2). To provide a measuring device that is flexible in terms of signal output, the output device has at least two signal outlets (4, 5) for outputting of the at least one output signal.

Abstract: A load cell assembly, including an adapter adapted to receive a vertical load, and having loaded and unloaded dispositions; a load cell body including a spring element having a first cutout window defined by a top beam and a bottom beam, the window transversely disposed through the body, the spring element adapted such that responsive to a downward force exerted on a top face of the adapter, the beams assume a primary double-bending configuration; a strain-sensing gage, attached to the spring element, the strain-sensing gage for measuring strain in the spring element; and an at least two-dimensional flexural member having a second cutout window, the second cutout window being transversely disposed through the body; the adapter disposed in mechanical relation to the flexural member such that, in the loaded disposition of the adapter, the flexural member assumes a secondary, substantially double-bending configuration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for ascertaining a net weight of a product in a product range, plurality of contiguous product ranges form a product chain and a total weight of the product chain is ascertained. The product chain is X-rayed to ascertain values that correspond to the radiation that penetrates a defined range of the product chain. The ascertained values are used to ascertain a total value for the entire product chain. A product range with a single product is selected by means of evaluation of the ascertained values. A value of the product range is formed from the ascertained values. A gross weight of the product range is ascertained therefrom. The net weight used for the single product is approximately the weight or the net weight is ascertained from the difference between the weight and a prescribed or ascertained weight of the product range without a product.

Abstract: Provided is a combination weighing apparatus that can prevent a weighed object from remaining. A combination weighing apparatus 1 includes a distributing table 3 that has a conveying face 3a that conveys a weighed object and conveys the weighed object in a direction towards an outer edge portion 3e of the conveying face 3a and a plurality of conveying portions 5 arranged in a radial manner along the outer edge portion 3e of the distributing table 3 and convey the weighed object discharged from the distributing table 3, in which the distributing table 3 is provided with a projecting portion 40 lower than the conveying face 3a in the outer edge portion 3e of the conveying face 3a.

Abstract: Weighing scale apparatuses (devices and systems) and methods are implemented using a variety of biometric-based devices and methods. According to one such implementation, a weighing scale uses a base unit to integrate a support structure, a display, and circuitry to measure and determine the physiological parameters of the user, including a user-weight metric. The support structure includes a platform region that utilizes sensor circuitry to collect physiological data from the user, which is then processed by user-targeted circuitry to determine the physiological parameters (e.g., weight and heart-related measurements) of the user. Such parameters are then associated with the user and saved to a data-access circuit, and also forwarded to a display which communicates the physiological parameters among other information to the user through the platform region; the display encompassing substantially all of the platform region, including the region(s) upon which the user would stand for weight measurements.

Abstract: A weight-measurement system for inclusion or use with a waste container includes scale devices in communication with a remote computer via a communications module. The scale devices can be provided by load cells for example load-pin load cells used as axles for wheels mounted to a base frame supporting the waste container so that the wheeled base frame serves as a scale platform for the waste container. The remote computer can be programmed to receive from the load cells, via the communications module, weight data representing the total weight of the waste container and its waste contents, then deduct the known weight of the waste container when empty, to determine the actual weight of the waste contained in the waste container. And the computer can be programmed for providing a notification if a preset waste weight limit is met or neared and automatically scheduling emptying by a waste-collection vehicle.

Abstract: A system to perform distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in an environment with acoustic vibrations present includes at least an optical fiber positioned in said environment, wherein the optical fiber comprises N spatial channels and N laser pulses are launched into the N spatial channels of the optical fiber and propagate over a fiber length; and one or more sensors to measure N signals of acoustic vibration amplitude and frequency from each of N spatial channels, wherein the N signals are digitally added for spatial averaging and applied to determine DAS.

Abstract: There is provided an optical sensor in which a reduction in size of a light-receiving part is achieved. This optical sensor is installed in a device, and includes a light-receiving element 4 for receiving light coming from outside toward the device. The optical sensor detects the state of the received light. A linear optical waveguide 2 is connected to the light-receiving element 4 so as to be capable of light propagation. The optical waveguide 2 has a front end portion serving as a light entrance portion on which light coming from the outside of the device is incident.

Abstract: An apparatus adapted for confocal imaging of a non-flat specimen comprising a coherent light source for producing a light beam, imaging optics adapted to focus the light beam into at least one spot on a surface of a specimen, and a detector adapted to receive and detect light reflected from the specimen surface. The imaging optics comprise at least one optical component located so that the light reflected from the specimen surface passes therethrough on its way to the detector. The optical component is movable so as to move the at least one spot, within a range of movement, to a number of distinct locations in a plane perpendicular to the apparatus' optical axis, within the detector's integration time.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with light sensors. The electronic device may have an electronic device housing in which a display is mounted. The display may have a transparent layer such as a transparent display cover layer, a thin-film transistor layer, or a color filter layer. An opaque masking layer such as a layer of black ink may be used to cover an inner surface of the transparent layer in an inactive area of the display. Sensor window openings may be formed in the black ink layer. A layer of ink may be formed in each sensor window opening. Each layer of ink may have a diffuse reflectivity that is matched to that of the black ink. A diffuser layer such as a polymer coating layer with light-scattering particles may be coated on the inner surface of the layer of ink in a sensor window opening.

Abstract: The present invention provides a spectrometer, comprising: an inlet for the receipt of incident light; an optical path for transmitting the incident light from the inlet to an analysis plane; a focusing element located along the optical path, wherein the spectrometer has an in-focus position in which a focal point of the spectrometer and the analysis plane coincide; and a controller adapted in use, when a removable light disperser is placed along the optical path, to cause the spectrometer to be in the in- focus position by controlling the position of the focusing element relative to the analysis plane. The spectrometer is used in the analysis of light from a light source and, due to the ability of the controller to manage the focus point by way of moving the focusing element, the spectrometer is able to bring itself into an in-focus configuration without the need for a user to intervene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring arrangement for detecting an absolute reflection spectrum of a sample in a process for producing the sample. It comprises a light source for generating measurement light, a homogenizer for generating a uniform spatial illuminance distribution of the measurement light; a movable reflector and a receiver for collecting the measurement light reflected from the sample and/or the reflector. According to the invention, the reflector both for a reference measurement and for a sample measurement is positioned in an observation beam path and arranged on the same side of the sample as the light source in order to feed the reflected measurement light to the receiver.

Abstract: Various embodiments include systems and methods to provide selectable variable gain to signals in measurements using incident radiation. The selectable variable gain may be used to normalize signals modulated in measurements using incident radiation. The selectable variable gain may be attained using a number of different techniques or various combinations of these techniques. These techniques may include modulating a modulator having modulating elements in which at least one modulating element acts on incident radiation differently from another modulating element of the modulator, modulating the use of electronic components in electronic circuitry of a detector, modulating a source of radiation or combinations thereof. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A device, and corresponding method, can include a pump light source configured to be modulated at a pump modulation and to irradiate a target specimen. The device can also include a probe light source arranged to generate a speckle pattern from the target specimen, as well as a sensor configured to detect changes in at least one of position and intensity of one or more speckle lobes of the speckle pattern having correlation with the pump modulation. The device and method can be used for non-contact monitoring and remote sensing of surfaces, gases, liquids, particles, and other target materials by analyzing speckle pattern changes as a function of pump light irradiation. Advantages can include much higher sensitivity than existing methods; the ability to use visible probe wavelengths for uncooled, low-cost visible detectors with high spatial resolution; and the ability to obtain target material properties without detecting infrared light.

Abstract: An optical locking system comprises a light emitter, an optical wavelength identifying system, and a locking unit. The optical wavelength identifying system comprises an optical wavelength detecting device, a memory, a modulator, a comparison module, and an instruction module. The optical wavelength detecting device comprises a polarizer, a detecting element, a measuring device, and a data processor. The detecting element configured to form a temperature difference or a potential difference between two points of the detecting element when exposed to the polarized light, wherein the detecting element comprises a carbon nanotube structure comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes oriented along the same direction, and angles between a polarizing direction of the polarized light and an oriented direction of the plurality of carbon nanotubes is adjustable.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a heterodyne detection system for detecting light, includes: a first input aperture configured to receive first light from a scene input; a second input aperture configured to receive second light from a local oscillator input; a broadband local oscillator configured to provide the second light to the second input aperture; a dispersive element configured to disperse the first light and the second light; and a final condensing lens coupled to a detector. The final condensing lens is configured to concentrate incident light from a primary condensing lens onto the detector. The detector is configured to sense a frequency difference between the first light and the second light; and the final condensing lens comprises a plasmonic condensing lens. Methods for forming a plasmonic condensing lens to enable room temperature quantum noise limited spectrometry are also disclosed.