Abstract: A family of carboxylic acid groups containing fluorene/fluorenon copolymers is disclosed as binders of silicon particles in the fabrication of negative electrodes for use with lithium ion batteries. Triethyleneoxide side chains provide improved adhesion to materials such as, graphite, silicon, silicon alloy, tin, tin alloy. These binders enable the use of silicon as an electrode material as they significantly improve the cycle-ability of silicon by preventing electrode degradation over time. In particular, these polymers, which become conductive on first charge, bind to the silicon particles of the electrode, are flexible so as to better accommodate the expansion and contraction of the electrode during charge/discharge, and being conductive promote the flow battery current.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode comprising a coating layer formed partially or totally on a surface thereof, the coating layer comprising: (i) a reduced form of a first acrylate compound having one or two acryl groups; and (ii) a reduced form of a second acrylate compound having three or more acryl groups. Further, disclosed in an electrochemical device comprising a cathode, an anode, a separator and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the cathode and/or the anode is the above electrode.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a battery and a method for its manufacture. The method of manufacture may include forming a cathode layer proximate to a cathode current collector. The method further includes forming an electrolyte layer proximate to the cathode layer and an anode layer proximate to the electrolyte layer. The method additionally includes forming an anode current collector layer proximate to the anode layer. At least one of the cathode current collector layer or the anode current collector layer includes a plurality of graphene monolayers. The method yet further includes determining a stepped arrangement of the graphene monolayers; and patterning at least a portion of the plurality of graphene monolayers according to the stepped arrangement.

Abstract: A reinforced catalyst layer assembly, suitably for use in a fuel cell, said reinforced catalyst layer assembly comprising: (i) a planar reinforcing component consisting of a porous material having pores extending through the thickness of the material in the z-direction, and (ii) a first catalyst component comprising a first catalyst material and a first ion-conducting material, characterized in that the first catalyst component is at least partially embedded within the planar reinforcing component, forming a first catalyst layer having a first surface and a second surface is disclosed.

Abstract: In the present disclosure, imidazole-derived materials including M-N—C catalysts, imidazole-derived MOFs and MOF-based M-N—C catalysts as well as methods for preparing the same utilizing mechanochemical synthesis and/or a sacrificial support-based methods are described.

Abstract: One embodiment includes a method of forming a hydrophilic particle containing electrode including providing a catalyst; providing hydrophilic particles suspended in a liquid to form a liquid suspension; contacting said catalyst with said liquid suspension; and, drying said liquid suspension contacting said catalyst to leave said hydrophilic particles attached to said catalyst.

Abstract: A direct welding process for joining a current collector to a terminal pin in the construction of electrochemical cells is described. The resistance welding process utilizes increased current combined with an applied force to bond dissimilar metals with a melting temperature differential of preferably more than 500° C. Preferably, the method is used to bond the terminal pin to the cathode current collector. This method of attachment is suitable for either primary or secondary cells, particularly those powering implantable biomedical devices.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate for an electrochemical element that includes a ceramic layer and a high-thermal-expansion-coefficient material layer that is laminated on the surface of the ceramic layer. The high-thermal-expansion-coefficient material layer has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the ceramic layer, and applies compressive stress to the ceramic layer.

Abstract: An ion exchanger includes a lower casing, an upper casing, and a cartridge. The lower casing includes an upper opening and a circumferential wall, which includes an intake port and a discharge port. The upper casing includes a lid, which is arranged on the opening of the lower casing, and a cylinder, which extends downward from the lid and is accommodated in the circumferential wall. The cartridge, which is provided integrally with the inner side of the cylinder, accommodates an ion exchange resin. The cylinder includes a communication hole, through which the inner side of the cylinder is in communication with the intake port. The upper casing includes an accumulation limiting structure that limits the air remaining immediately below the lower surface of the lid in the upper casing after flowing into the cylinder together with coolant.

Abstract: When it is judged that a fuel cell stack is drying up, recovery control is performed. In recovery control, the cathode pressure control valve is controlled so that the cathode pressure becomes an increased cathode pressure, a discharge flow rate of air of a turbocompressor is set to an increased flow rate of air, and a bypass control valve is controlled so that a flow rate of air which is fed to the fuel cell stack is maintained at the requested flow rate of air. Furthermore, a combination of an increased cathode pressure and increased flow rate of air for minimizing the amount of consumed power of the turbocompressor required for eliminating dry-up is set based on the requested flow rate of air of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack preventing deterioration of an end cell, which has a structure for preventing cooling of a neighbor cell adjacent to a closed end plate, is provided. To this end, an open end plate and a closed end plate, which are provided on a first side and a second side, respectively, of the fuel cell stack, fasten a plurality of working cells together. More specifically, a hollow flow space is formed in an inner wall of the closed end plate to form an air pocket therein.

Abstract: An object is to suppress interference with the flow of a reactive gas or an off-gas in a fuel cell. There is provided a fuel cell comprising a stacked body that includes at least a power generation body configured by stacking a plurality of unit cells; and an end plate that is placed on at least one end in a stacking direction of the stacked body. The stacked body includes a manifold that is formed to pass through at least the power generation body in the stacking direction and is configured to cause a reactive gas or an off-gas to flow through. The end plate comprises a through hole that is formed to communicate with the manifold; and a plate portion that is placed inside of the through hole at a position corresponding to an outer circumference of an opening of the manifold formed in an end face on the one end of the stacked body and is arranged away from the end face of the stacked body across a clearance.

Abstract: A redox flow battery includes an anolyte storage tank configured for containing a quantity of anolyte and an anolyte headspace; a catholyte storage tank configured for containing a quantity of a catholyte and a catholyte headspace; and a gas management system comprising at least one conduit interconnecting the anolyte headspace and the catholyte headspace, and a gas exchange device configured to contain or release an evolving gas from either or both of the anolyte and catholyte storage tanks to an exterior battery environment when an interior battery pressure exceeds an exterior battery pressure by a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A fluid detection system and method for a fuel cell power plant is disclosed having a pressure sensor (61, 161) positioned in a fuel cell stack assembly (10) to measure pressure of fluid/liquid in a fluid/liquid flow path (40, 42, 44) therein and to provide a pressure-based signal (90, 63). The pressure-based signal (90, 63) is used to control a liquid management arrangement (53) at least during start-up and shut-down of the cell stack assembly (10) to regulate water level. The liquid management arrangement (53) may include means (50, 51) for controllably applying and releasing a vacuum to a water manifold (44, 54; 100) of the cell stack assembly (10) to regulate water flow and level therein. The pressure-based control of water level may extend across the entire operating range of the cell stack assembly (10), or may be complemented during steady state operation by voltage-based sensors (66, 166).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling the temperature of a fuel cell system by controlling the rotational speeds of a coolant pump and a cooling fan based on the coolant outlet temperature, the amount of heat generated by a fuel cell stack, etc. In particular, the present invention controls the temperature of a fuel cell system by utilizing a controller which receives a coolant outlet temperature from a sensor in a state where a reference temperature for each stage is determined with respect to the coolant outlet temperature and a target rotational speed for each stage is determined based on the coolant outlet temperature. Then the controller performs proportional integral (PI) control with respect to each rotational speed of a coolant pump and a cooling fan at the target rotational speed for each stage determined based on the current coolant outlet temperature detected by the water temperature sensor.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to module level redundancy for fuel cell systems. A monitoring component monitors a set of operational parameters for a fuel cell group. The fuel cell group includes a set of fuel cell units, each having a set of fuel cell stacks. The fuel cell stacks include a set of gas powered fuel cells that convert air and fuel into electricity using a chemical reaction. The monitoring component determines that the set of operational parameters do not satisfy a set of operational criteria, and, in response, a load balancing component adjusts the electrical output capacity of the set of fuel cell units included in the fuel cell group.

Abstract: The present application is directed to gas generators comprising a fuel mixture and a catalyst. The catalyst is contained in a self-regulated reactor or buoy, and selectively opens and closes to produce a gas in accordance with the demand for gas. This fuel mixture is generally a solution formed by dissolving a solid fuel component in a liquid fuel component. The mixing preferably occurs before the first use, and more preferably occurs immediately prior to the first use. The inventive gas generators preferably further comprises a starting mechanism that isolates the solid fuel from the liquid fuel or vice versa before the first use. In one embodiment, the starting mechanism further comprises a catalyst shield mechanism that isolates the catalyst in the reactor or buoy from the liquid and/or the solid fuel prior to the first use.

Abstract: A fuel cell, a reinforced membrane electrode assembly and a method of fabricating a reinforced membrane electrode assembly. The method comprises depositing an electrode ink onto a first substrate to form a first electrode layer, applying a first porous reinforcement layer on a surface of the first electrode layer to form a first catalyst coated substrate, depositing a first ionomer solution onto the first catalyst coated substrate to form a first ionomer layer, and applying a membrane porous reinforcement layer on a surface of the first ionomer layer to form a reinforced membrane layer.

Abstract: A polymer including a reaction product of a sulfonated polyarylene ether sulfone and at least one compound selected from a sulfonated compound having a thiol group at a terminal thereof and a sulfonated compound having a hydroxy group at a terminal thereof.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane includes a fluorinated polymer membrane and a coating layer including a hydrocarbon-based ionomer on at least one surface of the fluorinated polymer membrane. The polymer electrolyte membrane maintains high hydrogen ion conductivity and has improved performance under high temperature and low humidity conditions. A membrane electrode assembly and a fuel cell including the polymer electrolyte membrane are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of nitrogen-containing compounds belonging to the classes of N-alkyl pyridinium halide, N-alkyl-2-alkyl pyridinium halide and 1-alkyl-3-alkyl imidazolium halide, as additives in electrolyte solutions for zinc bromine membraneless flow cells. The invention also provides electrolyte solutions comprising such additives and processes for operating said cells.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack module includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks, a base supporting the plurality of fuel cell stacks, and a metal shell located over the base and the fuel cell stacks. The metal shell contains an integrated heat exchanger.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a secondary battery includes a first sealing process that stores a power generation element inside an exterior body formed by overlapped exterior films and that seals the exterior body at a first sealing part, the power generation element being arranged with a space from at least a part of the first sealing part, a conditioning process that performs conditioning, an hole forming process that forms a degassing hole between the first sealing part and the power generation element, and a second sealing process that seals the degassing hole, in which the hole forming process includes a pressing process that presses, from both sides of the exterior body, a portion where the degassing hole is formed in the exterior body so that the overlapped exterior films are brought into contact with each other, before the degassing hole is formed in the exterior body.

Abstract: The present invention provides a battery cell, comprising: (a) an anode comprising an active metal or a metal ion storage material (e.g., an intercalation compound that accommodates lithium ion); (b) a cathode structure; and (c) an ionically conductive protective layer on a surface of the anode and interposed between the anode and the cathode structure. This protective layer comprises a porous membrane having pores therein and a soft matter phase disposed in at least one of the pores, wherein the soft matter phase comprises oxide particles dispersed in a non-aqueous alkali, alkaline, or transition metal salt solution. Most preferably, this battery cell is a lithium metal secondary cell that is essentially free from dendrite and exhibits a safer and more stable cycling behavior. Such a high-capacity rechargeable battery is particularly useful for powering portable electronic devices and electric vehicles.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte comprising: LiBH4; and an alkali metal compound represented by the following formula (1): MX??(1) (in the formula (1), M represents an alkali metal atom, and X represents one selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, NR2 groups (each R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group) and N2R groups (R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group)).

Abstract: An energy storage device comprising: an anode; and a solute-containing electrolyte composition wherein the solute concentration in the electrolyte composition is sufficiently high to form a regenerative solid electrolyte interface layer on a surface of the anode only during charging of the energy storage device, wherein the regenerative layer comprises at least one solute or solvated solute from the electrolyte composition.

Abstract: A method for producing a solid lithium-based electrolyte for a solid microbattery implements the cathode sputtering of a lithium-based target material on an object supported by a substrate holder. A grid made of lithium-free electrically conductive material is interposed between the object and the lithium-based target material, the grid being electrically connected to the substrate holder.

Abstract: An all-solid-state metal-metal battery with both high energy density and high power density is provided. The battery has an anolyte including at least one active anode metal ion conducting ceramic solid and a catholyte including at least one active cathode metal ion conducting ceramic solid sandwiched between an anode including an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as the active anode metal and an cathode including a transition metal as the active cathode metal. Prior to the initial charge, the battery may have an anode current collector devoid of the active anode metal or a cathode current collector devoid of the active cathode metal.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition (A) containing (i) at least one aprotic organic solvent; (ii) at least one conducting salt; (iii) at least one compound of formula (NC)(A1X1)C?C(X2A2)(CN) wherein X1 and X2 are independently from each other selected from N(R?), P(R1), O, and S, and A1 and A2 are selected from H or organic substituents; and electrochemical cells containing electrolyte composition (A).

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one 1-alkyl-3-alkyl-pyridinium halide, in particular 1-alkyl-3-methyl-pyridinium bromide, as an additive in bromine-generating electrochemical cells, such as zinc/bromine cells. Processes for preparing 1-alkyl-3-methyl-pyridinium bromide and concentrated aqueous solutions comprising same for use as additives in the aforementioned cells, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for setting a maximum depth of discharge of an energy reservoir for a time period. The method includes: defining a first target aging value of the energy reservoir for a first time period; determining a first aging value that describes an aging of the energy reservoir during the first period; calculating a first difference between the first target aging value of the energy reservoir and the first aging value of the energy reservoir; defining a second target aging value of the energy reservoir for a second time period; calculating a maximum aging value of the energy reservoir for the second time period, based on the second target aging value and at least the first difference; calculating a maximum depth-of-discharge value based on the maximum aging value; setting the maximum depth of discharge of the energy reservoir for the second time period to the maximum depth-of-discharge value.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that manages use of a battery in a portable electronic device. During operation, the system obtains a voltage of the battery and a state-of-charge of the battery and calculates an effective C-rate of the battery using the voltage and the state-of-charge. Next, the system uses the effective C-rate to estimate an inaccessible capacity of the battery. Finally, the system manages use of the battery with the portable electronic device based on the inaccessible capacity.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery includes an ion supply unit which supplies ions identical to ions in an electrolyte into the electrolyte at a reaction potential higher than the uncharged potential of a positive electrode. The ion supply unit includes an ion supply source which elutes the ions into the electrolyte by being in contact with the electrolyte in a state of being electrically connected to the positive electrode, and a first covering portion which covers at least a part of the ion supply source. Then, the first covering portion maintains the ion supply source and the positive electrode in an electrically disconnected state by being interposed between the ion supply source and the positive electrode, and is dissolved or disappears at the reaction potential.

Abstract: A method includes providing battery cells for secondary batteries. The battery cells are charged to a fixed voltage (Vc). The battery cells are laid aside in an open circuit for a preset self-discharge time period (t). A voltage (Vt) is measured after the period t for each battery cell. A voltage difference (?V) is determined for each battery cell, wherein ?V=Vc?Vt. A self-discharge rate (?) is measured for each ?V. A self-discharge current (Ic) is calculated during the period t, wherein Ic is a function of ?. The Ic is curve-fitted to the ?V for each battery cell to obtain an Ic??V equation. The Ic is divided into h number of grades. The Ic??V equation is utilized to determine h number of grades of ?V associated with each grade of Ic. Battery cells are selected having a same grade of Ic and ?V for matching.

Abstract: A battery pack is provided. The battery pack includes first and second temperature sensors that are disposed in first and second interior spaces, respectively. The first temperature sensor generates a first signal indicative of a first temperature level of the battery cell. The second temperature sensor generates a second signal indicative of a second temperature level of the DC-DC voltage converter. The battery pack further includes a microprocessor that determines a first fan speed percentage value of the electric fan based on the first temperature level, and a second fan speed percentage value of the electric fan based on the second temperature level. The microprocessor selects the first fan speed percentage value if the first fan speed percentage value is greater than the second fan speed percentage value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a frame for a secondary battery, which has an improved structure to prevent a cooling plate from being deformed or distorted due to shrinkage of a main frame. The frame for a secondary battery includes a cooling plate made of a thermally conductive material with a plate shape, and a main frame having a plurality of unit frames spaced apart from each other in a horizontal direction by a predetermined distance, the main frame being configured to surround a rim of the cooling plate and made of a material different from the cooling plate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid electrolyte for batteries, which has excellent ion conductivity, a method for producing the liquid electrolyte and a battery including the liquid electrolyte. Disclosed is a liquid electrolyte for batteries, comprising a mesoionic compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A metal air flow battery includes an electrochemical reaction unit and an oxygen exchange unit. The electrochemical reaction unit includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and an ionic conductive membrane between the anode and the cathode, an anode electrolyte, and a cathode electrolyte. The oxygen exchange unit contacts the cathode electrolyte with oxygen separate from the electrochemical reaction unit. At least one pump is provided for pumping cathode electrolyte between the electrochemical reaction unit and the oxygen exchange unit. A method for producing an electrical current is also disclosed.

Abstract: A storage cell has an air electrode, connected to an air supply device, and a storage device. Channels for receiving a storage medium rest on the storage electrode. In addition, partition walls for partitioning off the channels with respect to one another are provided. The partition walls have a recess in the region of the storage electrode. This recess serves the purpose of spacing apart the storage medium from the storage electrode.

Abstract: The dielectric resonator includes a sealing cover, a dielectric resonant column, a metal cavity, and an electrically-conductive elastic structure body. The dielectric resonant column is located within the metal cavity, wherein the sealing cover is connected to an upper surface of the dielectric resonant column. The sealing cover is located at the upper end face of the metal cavity and is configured to seal the metal cavity. The metal cavity is provided with a groove at the bottom. The electrically-conductive elastic structure body is located within the groove and is configured to support the dielectric resonant column. The depth of the groove causes a lower surface of the dielectric resonant column to be lower than an inner bottom surface of the metal cavity after the sealing cover seals the metal cavity. A lower end face of the dielectric resonant column is in contact with the electrically-conductive elastic structure body.

Abstract: A wireless apparatus includes an antenna, a circuit board configured to form a wireless communication circuit that is connected to the antenna, and a housing configured to accommodate the circuit board and formed by resin molding. A linear conductor extends from a ground of the circuit board.

Abstract: A communication device includes a communication board; an antenna; a light-emitting element; and a connecting wire. The antenna is for near field wireless communication, and is provided on the communication board. The light-emitting element is provided on the communication board at a position away from the antenna. The connecting wire is provided on the communication board at a position away from the antenna and is connected to the light-emitting element.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a feed end, a first ground end, a first antenna, a second ground end, a second antenna, and a holder. The first antenna is connected to the feed end and the first ground end. The second antenna is a parasitic antenna, the second antenna is connected to the second ground end, and is opposite to the first antenna. The holder is connected between the first antenna and a second antenna.

Abstract: A bracket for mounting radio equipment to a radio tower comprises a frame including first and second longitudinal pipe members opposed from each other, the first and second pipe members including a top portion, a center portion and a bottom portion, the first and second longitudinal pipe members being disposed vertically. The frame includes top, center and bottom rails attached to, respectively, to the top portion, the center portion and the bottom portion. The frame includes a front side and a rear side. Longitudinal plate members are attached to the first and second longitudinal pipe members between the top rail and the center rail and between the center rail and the bottom rail, the longitudinal plate members facing the front side and the rear side of the frame, the longitudinal plate members being disposed vertically along the first and second longitudinal pipe members.

Abstract: A device for mounting an antenna to a rail is provided. The device includes a first clamp member and a second clamp member. The first clamp member includes a planar base plate having a first surface and a second surface. The planar base plate has at least two slots spaced apart on a longitudinal axis. At least two extension sections extend from the first surface of the planar base plate and being spaced apart along the longitudinal axis and closer to a center than the at least two slots. Each extension section includes a patterned cutout area configured to receive the rail. A plurality of threaded fasteners extend from the first surface of the planar base plate and being positioned outside the patterned cutout area along a transverse axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The second clamp member has a plurality of through-holes configured to receive the plurality of threaded fasteners and a planar surface facing toward the first surface of the first clamp member.

Abstract: An integrated wire elliptical helical antenna with novel cuboids dielectric resonator loading for circularly polarized wave transmission and reception is presented. The antenna is designed to operate in the center frequency of 915 MHz and it is utilized in RFID systems as a base station antenna. The elliptical structure is formed by steel wire and supporting acrylic plastic. The cuboids dielectric resonator is loaded at the inner surface of the proposed antenna.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a housing, a wireless transceiver carried by the housing and having a primary output, and a secondary output, and a multiple-band antenna carried by the housing and coupled to the wireless transceiver. The multiple-band antenna may include a dielectric substrate and a pattern of electrically conductive traces thereon defining a primary radiator and a secondary radiator spaced apart from the primary radiator. The primary radiator may include a first elongate member having a primary feed coupled to the primary output, and a first reference member spaced from the first elongate member and at least partially laterally surrounding the first elongate member and coupled to a reference voltage. The secondary radiator may include a second elongate member having a secondary feed coupled to the secondary output.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a holder having a first surface and a second surface opposite from the first surface. The antenna assembly defines a number of holes through the first surface and the second surface. A number of connectors are correspondingly received and secured in the holes. The connectors includes an elastic thimble portion on one end. An antenna module is formed on the holder. One end of the connectors connects to the antenna module, while the end with elastic thimble protrudes from the second surface for connecting to a circuit board. A wireless communication device employing the antenna assembly and a method of manufacturing the wireless communication device are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an antenna module and a mobile terminal having the same, and the antenna module may include a conductive member, a first conductive arm formed at one side of the conductive member to form a first loop along with the conductive member so as to implement a first resonant frequency, a second conductive arm formed at the other side of the conductive member to form a second loop along with the conductive member so as to implement a second resonant frequency different from the first resonant frequency, a first feeding portion formed adjacent to the first conductive arm to feed the first conductive arm and conductive member, and a second feeding portion formed adjacent to the second conductive arm to feed the second conductive arm and conductive member.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure may provide an electronic device that includes: a first cover configured to form a first surface of the electronic device; a second cover configured to form a second surface of the electronic device, the second cover being opposite to the first surface; a conductive sidewall configured to surround at least a part of a space formed between the first cover and the second cover; a conductive member located in the space and configured to integrally extend from the conductive sidewall, the conductive member including a first surface directed toward the first cover and a second surface directed toward the second cover; a non-conductive member located in the space to make contact with the conductive member, the non-conductive member including a first surface directed toward the first cover and a second surface directed toward the second cover; a conductive pattern disposed on the second surface of the non-conductive member and electrically connected to the conductive mem