Abstract: A modular furniture arrangement is disclosed having mechanically and electronically attachable modular furniture elements and an application function module attachable to the modular furniture elements, the application function module being chosen based on an application. Inside the modular furniture elements and application function module is arranged at least two electricity conducting structures electrically isolated from each other, the structures operating between modular furniture elements, and between module function parts and at least one application function module for mechanical fixing and serving as an electricity conductor.

Abstract: A method for forming a panel for an assembled product including, such as a furniture product, wherein the method includes: displacing the first panel in a feeding direction by a conveyor through a first edge machine, working, by a first tool of the first edge machine, on a first edge of the first panel to obtain a decided location of the first edge, attaching, by a second tool of the first edge machine, a covering material, such as a laminate strip, a thermoplastic strip or a veneer strip, on the first edge, and forming a first edge groove, by a third tool of the first edge machine, along the first edge and on a first main surface of the first panel, wherein the first edge groove is configured to be a part of a locking device.

Abstract: Among other things, a piece of furniture is formed from three separate precut pieces of flat cardboard. A first one of the pieces has a bottom edge to rest on a floor with the first piece rising vertically from the bottom edge and has at least one slot at an upper edge of the first piece. A second one of the pieces has a bottom edge to rest on the floor with the second piece rising from the bottom edge and having at least one slot at an upper edge of the second piece. A third one of the pieces has a crease across the piece and at least two slots along at least one edge that is parallel to the fold. The piece of furniture is formed by mating the one slot in the first piece with one of the slots of the third piece, folding the third piece of cardboard at the crease, and mating the one slot in the second piece with another one of the slots of the third piece, with the third piece folded along the crease.

Abstract: Fastener embodiments of the invention comprise a freely translatable collet body, which at least partially translates within an auxiliary structure, and further comprise a captive threaded screw for rotationally engaging with the collet body to transform rotational movement into translational movement through substantial arresting of collet body rotation by way of an anti-rotation means. The screw comprises a free-spin feature that functionally, but not physically, decouples a drive tool from the collet body.

Abstract: An article kit (100) comprising a first article part (120) and a second article part (140) is disclosed. The first article part (120) comprises a first housing portion (122) and a first fastener part (162,182) and the second article part (140) comprises a second housing portion (142) and a second fastener part (164,184). The first and second article parts (120,140) are relatively movable into a snap-fitted or latched engagement configuration by cooperative latching between the first and second fastener parts (162,182,164,184). The first fastener part (162,182) comprises a latching arrangement (1622a,1622b,1822a,1822b) and the second fastener part (164,184) comprises a latch anchoring arrangement (1644,1844) and a locking arrangement (1642,1842).

Abstract: The invention discloses several types of fastener, fastening systems, fastener assemblies and related areas. In particular, the invention relates to a releasable fastening system (50) which has a pin (152) with a locking cavity (163). The pin is intended for insertion in an aperture (154). A locking means (158, 160) engages the locking cavity (163) of the pin (152) when the pin (152) is received in the aperture (154). The system (150) also includes unlocking means (162) which includes material adapted to contract when activated. When a material contracts, engagement means (158) included in the locking means (158, 160), disengage the locking cavity (154).

Abstract: A method and device for attaching and detaching material to a c-channel groove without requiring tools and without needing to access an end of the c-channel. The device comprises a coil-shaped element that is resiliently compressible and connected to a desired material. Through biasing or twisting the coil-shaped element, it is insertable at any point along a c-channel groove. The coil-shaped element is secured within the c-channel groove against separation therefrom through friction. A portion of the coil-shaped element can be extended outside of the c-channel groove for easy removal.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed. The apparatus includes a body coupled to a head, the head including a hole of at least three sides and a shaft of at least three sides, the shaft being disposed inside the hole. The system includes a fastener apparatus that includes a head including a hole of at least three sides and a shaft of at least three sides located inside the hole. The system further includes a fastener driver that includes a driver head of at least three sides, and a driver hole of at least three sides, the driver hole located within the head. The method includes providing a fastener apparatus that includes a body coupled to a head, the head including a hole of at least three sides and a shaft of three sides that is located within the hole. The method further includes using the fastener apparatus.

Abstract: A self-attaching fastener includes a substantially polyhedral head portion defining a longitudinal axis. The head portion is circumscribable by a first cylinder having a head diameter. The first cylinder is coaxial to the longitudinal axis. A central pilot portion substantially defines a pilot polyhedron extending from the head portion along the longitudinal axis. The central pilot portion is circumscribable by a second cylinder having a pilot diameter smaller than the head diameter. The second cylinder is coaxial to the longitudinal axis. The central pilot portion has a perimetric wall with rectangular faces of the pilot polyhedron. The rectangular faces are defined in respective planes that are parallel to the longitudinal axis. A planar panel support surface is defined on the head portion. The planar panel support surface defines a closed substantially polygonal planar margin at a perimeter of the planar panel support surface.

Abstract: A nut insert body includes an outer periphery and an aperture formed with threads. The threads are centered on a thread axis. The outer periphery of the nut insert body is curved about a curve axis defined about an axis having at least a component extending in a perpendicular direction from the thread axis. A component receiving a nut insert is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved fastener comprising a fastener body orientated about a central axis and having a tool-engaging portion, a threaded fastening portion and a shroud-receiving portion; a shroud concentrically mounted in the shroud-receiving portion to rotate relative to the fastener body under an applied external torque and having an outwardly extending annular shoulder; the shroud-receiving portion comprising an inwardly deformed stop radially overlapping the outwardly extending annular shoulder of the shroud; and the deformed stop of the shroud-receiving portion and the annular shoulder of the shroud forming a shroud-retaining element restraining the shroud from movement in at least a first axial direction along the central axis.

Abstract: An improved fastener comprising a fastener body having a tool-engaging portion, a threaded fastening portion and a shroud-receiving body portion; a shroud concentrically mounted on the shroud-receiving body portion and having an inner surface facing an outer surface of the shroud-receiving body portion; the inner surface of the shroud comprising an annular groove and the shroud-receiving body portion comprising a substantially arch-shaped axially-buckled radially-extending annular protrusion extending outwardly transverse to the central axis and disposed in the annular groove of the shroud; and the annular protrusion and annular groove of the shroud forming a shroud-retaining element restraining the shroud from movement in at least a first axial direction along the central axis such that the shroud will rotate relative to the fastener body under an applied external torque prior to the fastener body rotating when the fastener is engaged with an external structure at a design installation torque.

Abstract: A lock threaded assembly includes a bolt including a shank formed with a bolt head and having a threaded portion; at least one groove formed on the threaded portion; a nut including a threaded hole configured to secure to the threaded portion of the bolt; at least one trough formed on the threaded hole; and at least one engagement member being an elongated elastic strip body having a securing section and a received section, the securing section and the received section being able to elastically get closer to each other or move away from each other. When the groove is not aligned with the trough, the bolt and the nut are not locked by the engagement member; when the groove is aligned with the trough, the bolt and the nut are elastically locked by the engagement member.

Abstract: An improved fastener comprising a fastener body orientated about a central axis and having a tool-engaging portion, a threaded fastening portion and a shroud-receiving portion having an inwardly facing annular groove orientated transverse to the central axis; a shroud concentrically mounted on the shroud-receiving portion to rotate relative to the fastener body under an applied external torque and having an axially-buckled radially-extending annular protrusion extending outwardly transverse to the central axis and disposed in the inwardly facing annular groove of the shroud-receiving portion of the body; the axially-buckled radially-extending annular protrusion of the shroud and the annular groove of the shroud-receiving portion of the body forming a shroud-retaining element restraining the shroud from movement in at least a first axial direction along the central axis.

Abstract: It is common for crankshafts of internal combustion engines to have main bearing journals provided between each of the conrod bearing journals. However, to reduce engine friction, the fewest main bearing journals that can be used while still meeting the design targets is preferred. A crankshaft for an in-line, four-cylinder engine, according to an embodiment of the disclosure, has three main bearing journals. Bridges, one each located between first and second conrod bearing journals and between third and fourth conrod bearing journals. The bridges have a cross-section with at least two concavities to improve the strength of the bridge compared to, for example, a cylindrical bridge, without greatly increasing the mass of material used in the bridge. Furthermore, a locus of a centroid of cross sections through the bridge are not coincident with an axis of rotation of the crankshaft, but instead is displaced toward the nearer conrod bearing journal.

Abstract: A crankshaft includes journals that define a central axis of rotation; crank pins that are eccentric with respect to the journals; crank arms connecting the journals to the crank pins; and counterweights integrated with the crank arms. Each of the crank arms has recesses in a surface adjacent to the crank pin. The recesses are disposed inward of peripheral regions in both sides along an edge of the surface, and are disposed along the peripheral regions. The crankshaft has a reduced weight, an increased torsional rigidity and an increased flexural rigidity.

Abstract: A dust cover in which an improvement in sealing performance is achieved. A dust cover 100 used in a ball joint includes a seal main body made of an elastic body and integrally having a body portion 110, a fixed portion 130 that is provided on one end side of the body portion 110, and a seal portion 120 that is provided on the other end side of the body portion 110, and an annular auxiliary seal 150 made of resin and provided in the seal portion 120. The seal portion 120 includes an inner peripheral seal portion and a dust lip 122, and the auxiliary seal 150 includes an auxiliary inner peripheral seal portion 151, an auxiliary dust seal portion, and a supported portion 153 that is supported by a collar fixed to a shaft portion on an opposite side to the auxiliary dust seal portion in an axial direction.

Abstract: A metal grommet includes a front body and a back body which are brought into contact with an object. The front body includes a flange provided with a plurality of fixing bosses, a cylindrical front barrel vertically protruding from the flange, a plurality of outer coupling teeth formed on a front end of the front barrel, and a plurality of rib grooves formed between the outer coupling teeth at regular intervals. The back body includes a flange provided with a plurality of fixing bosses, a cylindrical back barrel vertically protruding from the flange, the back barrel being inserted into the front barrel, and an inner coupling flare protruding from the flange and spaced apart from the back barrel, in which the inner coupling flare is formed by casting, and is pressed by a presser so that a front end of the inner coupling flare is bent inwardly.

Abstract: In a state where part of a plurality of electromagnets (27) is controlled based on a control model built in advanced for a first control region (A1), and where position control of a drive shaft (13) is performed by controlling one or a group of the electromagnets (27) in a second control region (A2), an electromagnetic force of the electromagnets (27) controlled within the second control region (A2) is calculated based on an electromagnetic force of the electromagnets (27) controlled within the first control region (A1).

Abstract: A magnetic bearing includes a controller dividing a control region in two regions based on an individual difference between electromagnets regarding a correlation between two or more parameters among a current flowing through the electromagnets, a number of flux linkages, a gap width, magnetic energy, magnetic co-energy, electromagnetic force, and a parameter derived using these parameters. In a first control region with a small individual difference, the controller uses a control model common for all of the electromagnets. In a second control region with a large individual difference, the controller performs position control of a drive shaft using control models provided one for each of the electromagnets or one for each of a predetermined number of electromagnet groups.

Abstract: A processing apparatus includes a processing unit. The processing unit includes a spindle, a spindle housing having an air bearing for rotatably supporting the spindle by using air, and a tool mounted on the front end of the spindle. The spindle housing has an air supply passage for supplying air to the air bearing, an air supply port connected to the air supply passage, an air discharge passage, and an air discharge port. The air supply port is connected through an air supply line to an air source. The air supply line is provided with a pressure gauge and a flowmeter. A first allowable value is previously set for the pressure to be detected by the pressure gauge, and a second allowable value is previously set for the flow rate to be detected by the flowmeter.

Abstract: The method comprises depositing a coating of metal material on the inside surface of the body (4) of the stator (36), impregnating said coating with a self-lubricating composite material (20), machining internal cells (28) in the thickness of the coating (10), and machining orifices (34) leading into the cells.

Abstract: A rolling bearing (1) including: an inner ring (2) and an outer ring (3) which are bearing rings; a plurality of rolling elements (4) interposed in a rollable manner between raceway surfaces (2a, 3a) of the bearing rings; and a retainer configured to retain the plurality of rolling elements (4), wherein a nozzle (10) configured to inject a cooling fluid (R) toward the rolling elements (4) is provided to a fixed-side bearing ring which is one of the inner ring (2) and the outer ring (3), with an outlet (10a) side of the nozzle (10) oriented forward in a revolution direction of the rolling elements (4).

Abstract: A bearing device includes a rolling bearing having an outer ring and an inner ring, an outer ring spacer disposed adjacent to the outer ring, and an inner spacer disposed adjacent the inner ring. The outer ring and the outer ring spacer are fitted to a housing, and the inner ring and the inner ring spacer are fitted to a rotary shaft. The outer ring spacer is provided with a nozzle, which is configured to inject a cooling fluid (R) toward an outer circumferential surface of the inner ring, and is inclined so that an injection port thereof is inclined forwardly in a rotation direction of the inner ring. An inclination angle a of the nozzle with respect to an axial direction is set to a value within a range from 50° to 90°.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a motorized disconnect operable to selectively engage and disengage two rotating components of a vehicle drivetrain. As one example, a motorized disconnect system is provided that operates via an electric motor and includes a shifter assembly with an oscillating gear track and cam profile for rotating the shifter assembly while moving it in an axial direction to selectively couple two rotating components.

Abstract: A clutch friction member for a friction clutch includes a main friction member of a base material; one or more engagement members arranged along the main friction member for engagement with a driving or driven member, and one or more friction components evenly distributed throughout the base material of the main friction member.

Abstract: A separator plate for use as a clutch plate for a multiplate wet clutch is formed of a steel plate. The steel plate has a chemical composition containing, on a basis of percent by mass, C from 0.03 to 0.08%, Si from 0 to 1.0%, Mn from 0.2 to 0.8%, P at 0.03% or less, S at 0.01% or less, and Al at 0.05% or less, so as to satisfy a formula, 5*C %?Si %+Mn %?1.5*Al %<1. In addition, the steel plate has the chemical component containing at least one of Nb from 0.03 to 0.4%, V from 0.01 to 0.3%, and Ti from 0.01 to 0.3%, so as to satisfy a formula, 0.04<(Nb %/1.4)+(V %/1.1)+Ti %<0.3. Then, an average diameter of particles of a carbide as a precipitate is controlled to be from 20 to 100 nm. The plate is formed by heating, hot rolling, winding and forming.

Abstract: Provided is a synchronizer device and method for a manual transmission, having a sliding sleeve which includes an internal toothing having sliding sleeve teeth, a clutch body, the clutch body having an external toothing having a multitude of clutch body teeth for internal toothing of the sliding sleeve to engage therein, and a synchronizer unit. The clutch body teeth at the axial tooth ends adjacent the sliding sleeve and/or at least some of the sliding sleeve teeth at the axial tooth ends adjacent the clutch body each include at least one convex end face which extends in the circumferential direction from a root point adjacent to a tooth flank of the respective tooth via an axially protruding apex portion as far as to a root point adjoining an opposite tooth.

Abstract: A transfer case includes an input shaft, a primary output shaft, a secondary output shaft, and an actuator. The primary output shaft is coupled to the input shaft with a gear reduction mechanism. The secondary output shaft is selectively coupleable to the primary output shaft with a secondary torque transfer mechanism. The actuator includes a first actuation mechanism, a second actuation mechanism, and a driver gear assembly. The first actuation mechanism is configured to operate the gear reduction mechanism. The second actuation mechanism is configured to operate the secondary torque transfer mechanism. The drive gear assembly includes a gear plate member, a sense plate member configured to engage the first actuation mechanism, and a hub member configured to engage the second actuation. The sense plate member and the hub member are independently coupled to the gear plate member to rotate in unison with the gear plate member.

Abstract: An actuator for a transfer case includes an actuator member, a face cam mechanism, and a motor. The actuator member includes a circumferential flange and an annular body extending from an inner periphery of the circumferential flange. The annular body includes a circumferential slot opposite the flange defined between two end walls formed by the annular body. One of the end walls includes a bearing member coupled thereto. The face cam mechanism includes a follower coupled to a cam member. The cam member is configured to displace axially when rotated. The follower is disposed within the slot. In a first range of motion, the annular member is rotated independent of the face cam mechanism. In a second range of motion, the bearing member engages the follower to rotate the second cam member relative to the first cam member, and the follower moves axially along the bearing member.

Abstract: A shift control method for a DCT vehicle, which adjusts a time required to shift gears through clutch control in a DCT. The shift control method includes controlling a release-side dutch such that the release-side dutch is partially disengaged by a controller when gear shifting is initiated in a state in which an accelerator pedal is not pressed, performing synchronization control by partially applying an apply-side dutch torque in an initial stage of synchronization such that an engine rotational speed follows and synchronizes an apply-side input shaft speed, and partially applying a release-side dutch torque in a last stage of synchronization by the controller, and performing torque hand-over control such that an apply-side clutch is engaged while the release-side clutch is disengaged by the controller, after performing the synchronization control.

Abstract: A method of learning a clutch touch point for a DCT vehicle, and he method is performed to learn a touch point of an apply-side clutch in a torque phase process during gear shifting. The method includes: controlling an amount of slip of a release-side clutch in an allowable range by a controller, when gear shifting is initiated; performing torque crossing control by releasing a release-side clutch torque to a certain level while applying a clutch torque to an apply-side clutch to the same level as the release-side clutch torque by the controller, after the controlling an amount of slip of a release-side clutch; and performing learning determination so as to learn a touch point of the apply-side clutch by the controller, when the amount of slip of the release-side clutch is beyond the allowable range in the performing torque crossing control.

Abstract: A parking brake unit of a brake device for braking a wheel includes a first piston having a first engaging part on an inner circumference thereof, the first piston being configured to move in first direction by pressure of the hydraulic fluid supplied to a pressure chamber defined in the back thereof, a first biasing member configured to bias the first piston in second direction, opposite to the first direction, a second piston slidably provided on the inner circumference of the first piston, the second piston having a second engaging part on an outer circumference thereof, and an engaging member configured to cause the first engaging part and the second engaging part to engage with each other, in which the second piston causes a brake lining to move in direction bringing the wheel to be in a braking state, when the first piston moves in the second direction.

Abstract: A disc brake for a commercial vehicle includes a caliper that straddles a brake disc and is retained on a stationary brake carrier in such a way as to be axially movable in relation to the brake disc on two guide bars connected to the brake carrier. The guide bars are each guided in a sliding bearing that is non-movably retained in a bore of the caliper. The disc brake is designed such that at least one of the sliding bearings is made up of at least two metal sleeves, which rest against the guide bar and are located at a distance from one another in the axial direction, and at least one spacing sleeve located there between.

Abstract: The utility model relates to a pneumatic brake release apparatus used on an elevator traction machine, which includes an air cabin, an air storage tank, air delivery pipes, air films, a push rod and air control apparatuses, wherein the air films are arranged at two sides in the air cabin, one end of the push rod is connected to the air films, the other end of the push rod penetrates through the outer wall of the air cabin and is connected with the upper end of a locking arm, an intermediate air cabin of the air cabin is provided with an intermediate air inlet end and an intermediate air outlet end, a film-anterior air cabin of the air cabin is provided with a film-anterior air inlet end, the intermediate air inlet end and the film-anterior air inlet end of the air cabin are respectively connected with the air storage tank by virtue of the air delivery pipes, and the intermediate air outlet end is directly communicated with the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention is provided with a power transmission member rotatably supported by a caliper, and a ratchet wheel fixed by the member. A first linear direction movement of a pawl member that engages with a mobile member of a solenoid is guided by a guide member fixed by the caliper. The pawl member is continuously pressed in a release direction by an elastic member. The interlocking force in an interlocking direction, imparted by mobile member of the solenoid mobile member to the pawl member, and the release force in the release direction, which is imparted by the elastic member to the pawl member oppose each other, and the interlocking force is larger than the release force. The pawl member and the mobile member move linearly together in one of the interlocking direction and the release direction.

Abstract: A braking system for safely collecting brake dust produced by operation of a braking mechanism. The braking system comprises a collector apparatus coupled with a braking mechanism. The collector apparatus is able to include a shroud that surrounds the braking mechanism and a catch element coupled with the shroud for collecting brake dust exiting the shroud. As a result, when coupled with the braking mechanism, the collector apparatus is able to ensure that most or all brake dust, such as copper or other particles from the braking mechanism that break off from the breaking mechanism during operation of the braking mechanism, are removed from the braking mechanism and collected by the filter/catch of the collector mechanism.

Abstract: A cast iron brake caliper of a disc brake, includes a caliper back and caliper head. connected to the caliper back via tension struts arranged parallel and spaced apart from one another. The caliper head has a housing surrounding an accommodation chamber for functional parts and, separate from and adjacent to the housing, an integrally molded, protruding connector, which accommodates a bearing bore for a fixed bearing, and is connected to the housing by way of an integrally molded rib. The brake caliper is designed such that the rib is guided across the connector up to and into an outer edge region of the caliper head.

Abstract: Method wherein at least one piezoceramic sensor (15) and an electric circuit (18) to collect an electric signal emitted by the piezoceramic sensor (15) when subjected to a mechanical stress and possibly processing it are made as a unit electrically insulated (118) equipped with at least a branching (119) ending with respective electric contacts (20,21) having connected the at least one piezoelectric sensor (15), where the electric circuit (18) and the at least one sensor (15) are mechanically fixed integral with a first surface (13) of a supporting metal element (11) of a brake pad (1) and branching (119) is formed so as to position the at least one piezoelectric sensor (15) at a predetermined point of the first surface (13).

Abstract: A brake pad for a disc brake with decreased wear characteristics is provided. The brake pad is configured with the distribution of brake pad friction material weighted toward the radially outer region of the brake pad, with the lateral sides of the pad material being generally aligned with radial lines originating at the rotation axis of the brake disc of the disc brake. The brake pad friction material distribution results in decreased brake application pressure between the brake pad and the brake disc while obtaining the same braking force provided by a comparable generally rectangular brake pad, resulting in lower brake pad wear at the same braking force levels.

Abstract: A brake backing plate is provided in which a non-compressible core material is sandwiched between two sheet metal stampings to make a lightweight, composite brake backing plate. Each of the stampings has a textured face with a plurality of integrally formed piercing members. By rolling or pressing, the piercing members of the textured faces are fully embedded in the core material, and thus lock the stampings and the core material together.

Abstract: A disc brake includes a brake caliper, a brake pad, a retaining spring holding the brake pad in a radial direction relative to a brake axis, a retaining bracket pretensioning the retaining spring in the radial direction, a first holder on the brake caliper configured to support the retaining bracket towards a radial outside, and a second holder on the brake caliper configured to support the retaining bracket radially towards the radial outside but not in an axial direction, the second holder comprising a stop. At least one of the first holder or the second holder has a stop acting in a first axial direction. The retaining bracket has at least one of a first protrusion that rests on the retaining spring in a second axial direction opposite the first axial direction and a second protrusion that rests on the brake caliper in the second axial direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes brake rotor preforms and brake pads configured to reduce fracturing and failure of brake rotors by distributing the axial force applied during braking across butt joints between abutting segments of preforms and rotors manufactured therefrom. The preforms comprise a spiral annular structure formed about a longitudinal axis from a plurality of carbon fiber precursor tow segments having a partial annular shape. Each segment is asymmetrical when viewed in the longitudinal axis direction and configured so planes defined by the segment's ends are never coplanar with planes extending radially from the longitudinal axis. The brake pads have a partial annular shape and ends adapted to prevent planes defined by the ends from being coplanar during use with a plane extending radially from a brake rotor longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A disc brake for a commercial vehicle has a brake caliper spanning a brake disc on the vehicle side, in which brake caliper a clamping device is arranged which has a pivotable brake lever engaging in at least one bridge carrying a brake plunger, which at the same time is directly or indirectly supported at the inner side of a wall of the brake caliper. The contact area of the bridge at the brake lever or of the brake lever at the brake caliper is configured as a pivot bearing having a bearing shell cross-sectionally configured as an arc forming a part of the pivot bearing. The bearing shell is placed in a seating. The disc brake is configured such that the bearing shell is located in the pivoting direction of the brake lever with its opposite longitudinal borders at stop edges, which longitudinally limit the trough-shaped seating.

Abstract: A pressure plate for a friction coupling such as a clutch or brake system is disclosed in the present application. The pressure plate includes one or more pockets with a phase change material disposed therein. The phase change material operates to absorb and release heat when the friction coupling cycles between activation and deactivation so as to minimize a maximum temperature of the pressure plate.

Abstract: [OBJECT] The present invention provides a friction material used for a disc brake pad, which is able to secure the braking effectiveness and the wear resistance under the high speed and high load braking conditions while satisfying laws and regulations relating to the required amount of the content of the copper component. [MEANS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM] A friction material used for a disc brake pad, which is manufactured by forming a non-asbestos organic friction material composition, in which the friction material composition contains 1-15 weight % of ferrous sulfide (FeS) particles relative to the total amount of the friction material composition as a lubricant, and the total amount of the copper component involved in the friction material composition is less than 5 weight % relative to the total amount of the friction material composition. Furthermore, it is preferable to contain 0.

Abstract: A shock absorbing device having at least one canted spring disposed between two members is described. When the members move toward each other, the one or more canted coil springs are canted and compressed. The shock absorbing device takes advantage of the unique force-displacement curve of canted springs and reduces bounce back.

Abstract: A composite coil spring includes a coil body that has a core and fiber layers impregnated with a polymer material. The fiber layers are wound around the core. The fiber layers extend around the coiled axis at oblique fiber angles. Each of the fiber layers includes a number of fibers that is a product of a common base number of fibers multiplied by a positive non-zero integer from a set of positive non-zero integers from 1 to 20. The positive non-zero integer of at least one of the fiber layers is different from the positive non-zero integer of at least one other of the fiber layers. At least one of the fibers layers is glass fibers and another of the fiber layers is carbon fibers, and each of an innermost fiber layer and an outmost fiber layer of the fiber layers is independently selected from glass fibers and carbon fibers.

Abstract: An impact attenuator including an impact head, coupled to a first end of an energy absorption body, which energy absorption body is arranged for fixation to an external structure at a second end opposing the first end of the energy absorption body, configured to at least partly absorb or dissipate energy from a collision of an object with the impact head, and including a first part and a second part extending substantially lengthwise behind each other, wherein the first and second part are mutually moveable and including a first and a second cutting edge, wherein, the first cutting edge is arranged for splitting the first part of the energy absorption body upon impact of an object colliding with the impact head, and the second cutting edge is arranged for consecutively splitting the second part of the energy absorption body upon impact of an object colliding with the impact head.

Abstract: A folding bellows for protecting an interior of the folding bellows effectively from environmental influences and managing pressure changes in the interior. The folding bellows having a gas-tight casing including a plurality of folds in an axial direction. Opposed front faces adjoining the casing. The front faces closed in a gas-tight manner. The casing having a wide region and a narrow region each formed of a plurality of folds with the outer cross-sectional surface of the folds in the wide region being larger than those in the narrow region. The folding bellows in one embodiment used with a motor vehicle subassembly.