Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a capacitive pressure sensor. The capacitive pressure sensor can include a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a movable plate at a bottom of a first cavity recessed into the substrate from the first surface, and a second substrate bonded to the first substrate over the first surface. A second cavity is formed between the movable plate and the second surface. The second substrate includes a fixed plate disposed over the movable plate to form a capacitor. The second substrate further includes a third cavity between a surface of the fixed plate opposite to the movable plate and a surface of the second substrate opposite to the first substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus and associated method, for controlling signal passage, includes a first passageway for a first fluid, a second passageway for a second fluid, and an interposed chamber. A first, movable diaphragm at a first chamber junction and a second, movable diaphragm at a second chamber junction, with a third fluid bound there between and interposed between the first and second passageways. A device varies a volume of the third fluid bound between the diaphragms and thus moves the diaphragms. A movable member and a reservoir of the device are configured such that the movable member is sufficiently movable to increase the volume of the reservoir to remove a sufficient portion of the third fluid bound between the first and second diaphragms from the chamber to cause the first and second diaphragms to be pressed against the first and second walls, respectively.

Abstract: A method of assembling and testing a simulated cigarette. Assembling the simulated cigarette to have an elongate main body containing a reservoir for an inhalable composition, a breath operated valve, and a refill valve. Testing the integrity of the reservoir requires applying a pressured gas to open the refill valve to pressurise the reservoir, measuring the pressure drop in the reservoir, and providing a pass indication if the pressure drop remains below a predetermined threshold. It also requires testing the breath operated valve by applying suction at an inhaling end, measuring the flow rate from the cigarette and providing a pass indication if the flow rate falls outside a predetermined limit.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an enclosure designed to house electronics and a ventilation plug fastened to an exterior of the enclosure, the ventilation plug being adapted for field testing hermeticity.

Abstract: A method for analyzing fatigue life of an elastomeric component includes a step of conducting a finite element analysis to obtain a base state. A plurality of case vectors are then selected to represent a space of possible loading states that occur within a time-varying load data signal based on measurement of the elastomeric component or vehicle dynamics. For at least a portion of the case vectors, a finite element analysis is conducted at a plurality of discrete gridpoints along the case vectors starting at the base state and tracking the case vector. Using an interpolation engine, desired local solution variables for a current state may be interpolated from the finite element analysis at the plurality of discrete gridpoints. A damage calculation may then be calculated based on the desired local solution variables for the current state.

Abstract: The application relates to an apparatus (100) for fatigue testing a wind turbine blade, and to a system and method using such an apparatus (100). The apparatus (100) comprises a base (110) for supporting a first end (12) of the wind turbine blade (10), and an edgewise actuator assembly (120). The edgewise actuator assembly (120) includes a ground-supported edgewise actuator (130) and a flexible cable assembly (140) for connecting the edgewise actuator (130) to the blade (10). The edgewise actuator (130) and the flexible cable assembly (140) are adapted to cyclically deflect the blade (10) relative to the base in the edgewise direction by repeatedly pulling the blade (10) in a substantially horizontal direction.

Abstract: A test apparatus includes a linear motion generator, an airbag, a plate, a platform, an anthropomorphic test device, and a crushable member. The airbag is spaced from the linear motion generator. The plate is moveable by the linear motion generator toward the airbag, and the platform is fixed relative to the plate. The anthropomorphic test device is adjacent the airbag and includes an end coupled to the platform. The crushable member is disposed between the plate and the platform, and the crushable member is deformable by the plate. During operation of the test apparatus, the linear motion generator moves the plate into the crushable member to slow movement of the anthropomorphic device toward the airbag. The crushable member crushes to simulate the forces on the anthropomorphic test device from a vehicle side impact.

Abstract: A tunable mass-damping apparatus may include a housing having an interior surface, an interior volume containing a gas, and an axis. The housing may be configured to be coupled to a wind tunnel model. The mass-damping apparatus may include a mass configured to move back and forth in the interior volume along the axis. The mass may be configured to make an airtight seal with the interior surface of the housing, thereby dividing the interior volume into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The mass-damping apparatus may include a passage through the mass fluidly connecting the chambers and at least one spring configured to exert a position-dependent force upon the mass. The spring may be characterized by a spring constant chosen based on a natural frequency of a support structure of the wind tunnel model.

Abstract: Optical techniques for determining thermal properties of materials are described. Optical techniques include Raman scattering and thermal properties include relative length change and coefficient of thermal expansion. Correlations of features of bands observed in the Raman spectra of several glasses with thermal properties of the glasses are demonstrated. The technique provides a convenient method for determining thermal expansion properties of materials.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a lens detection device and a lens detection system, wherein the lens detection device, including: a housing; and a detection module configured within the housing; wherein the detection module includes a control module, at least one light emitting module, and a photosensitive module cooperating with the light emitting module; the control module controls the light emitting module and the photosensitive module for conducting a detection process to a lens disposed between the light emitting module and the photosensitive module. As such, the lens detection may become much more convenient, the detection time may be reduced, and the lens detection device may be adopted widely thereby.

Abstract: A bearing gauge arrangement including a holding frame dimensioned to replace a load-carrying element between an inner race and an outer race of a bearing, at least one distance gauge arranged in the holding frame to measure a distance between the inner race and the outer race during operation of the bearing, and an evaluation unit configured to evaluate measurements from a distance gauge relative to a bearing reference dimension. A generator including a main bearing between rotor and stator, and a bearing gauge arrangement, and a method of detecting a deformation of a bearing is also provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improving the uniformity of a tire are provided. More specifically, one or more characteristics of a composite uniformity parameter can be determined from uniformity summary data (e.g. uniformity vectors) associated with a plurality of harmonics of the composite uniformity parameter. For instance, a peak to peak range of a composite uniformity parameter and/or a distribution of amplitudes of a composite uniformity parameter for a set of tires can be determined from uniformity vectors associated with selected harmonics of the composite uniformity parameter. According to example aspects of the present disclosure, the one or more characteristics of the composite uniformity parameter can be determined using multivariate normal distributions (e.g. bivariate normal distributions) of the uniformity summary data. Once identified, the one or more characteristics can be used to modify tire manufacture to improve tire uniformity.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improving the uniformity of a tire are provided. More specifically, one or more characteristics of a composite uniformity parameter can be determined from harmonic magnitudes associated with a plurality of harmonics of the composite uniformity parameter. For instance, a range of a composite uniformity parameter and/or a distribution of amplitudes of a composite uniformity parameter for a set of tires can be determined from harmonic magnitudes associated with selected harmonics of the composite uniformity parameter. According to example aspects of the present disclosure, the one or more characteristics of the composite uniformity parameter can be determined using Weibull distributions of the harmonic magnitudes. Once identified, the one or more characteristics can be used to modify tire manufacture to improve tire uniformity.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improving the uniformity of a tire 200 are provided. More particularly, a magnitude of a uniformity parameter can be obtained for each tire in a set of a plurality of tires. The magnitudes associated with the set of tires can be transformed according to a probability distribution function (e.g. a Weibull distribution function) to obtain a set of transformed magnitudes. Parameters associated with a probability distribution function can be estimated based at least in part on the transformed magnitudes. Parameters associated with the probability distribution function can be used to determine data indicative of a measurement error in the uniformity measurements attributable to a measurement process harmonic. The data indicative of the measurement error can be used to correct uniformity measurements obtained for tires and to modify tire manufacture based at least in part on the corrected measurements.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improving the uniformity of a tire are provided. More particularly, one or more parameters of a measurement process harmonic contributing to uniformity measurements performed for a tire can be identified. The measurement process harmonic can be a process harmonic effect associated with the acquisition of uniformity measurements of a tire, such as a process harmonic effect associated out-of-roundness of a road wheel used to load a tire during uniformity measurement in a uniformity measurement machine. The measurement process harmonic can result solely from the acquisition of uniformity measurements and may not contribute to actual tire non-uniformity. Once identified, the one or more parameters associated with the measurement process harmonic can be used to correct the uniformity measurements of the tire to account for the measurement process harmonic. Tire manufacture can then be modified to improve tire uniformity based on the corrected measurements.

Abstract: A method of removing and detecting the presence of substances from at least one of a body of water and the air. The method includes placing into the body of water or into the air an open-cell foam material, removing separate portions of the open-cell foam material from the water or air at different exposure times after the open-cell foam material was placed into the water or air, and determining the presence in the removed separate portions of one or more substances that were removed from the water or air by the open-cell foam material.

Abstract: The carbonate bonded, press-moulded article is produced by press-moulding a particulate, carbonatable material that contains water and by carbonating the obtained compact with carbon dioxide gas. In order to be able to ensure an optimal compressive strength of the article two types of tests are provided. In the first type of test a sample of the particulate material is compressed with an increasing compaction pressure and when water starts to be expelled from the material as from a particular compaction pressure, the press-moulding step is performed with a compaction pressure which is at least 7 MPa smaller than this compaction pressure. In the second type of test different samples of the particulate material are press-moulded with different compaction pressures and, after having released the compaction pressure, the density of the compact is determined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for collection, storage and processing of tissues and cells. The system includes a collection container with chambers for storing and processing tissues, which are controllably separated and maintain a physiologic environment for the tissues. The system also includes a fluidic device for isolating target cells of interest. The method includes receiving the tissue into a collection chamber, transferring the tissue to a processing chamber, dissociating the tis sue into single cells, and passing the single cells to a device for isolating one or more target cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gel-phase patch that performs a function of assisting in staining during a staining process such as a process of coming into contact with a specimen such as blood to perform a staining function of staining the specimen, a process of fixing the specimen, or a process of forming an optimal pH at a specimen stained by a staining sample. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a contact-type staining patch includes a staining solution that reacts with a specimen and a gel receptor provided as a gel matrix of a mesh structure in which a pore that accommodates the staining solution is formed and the mesh structure prevents the staining solution in the pore from leaking or degenerating, and having a contact surface that comes into contact with the specimen to transfer some of the staining solution to the specimen.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gel-phase patch that performs a function of assisting in staining during a staining process such as a process of coming into contact with a specimen such as blood to perform a staining function of staining the specimen, a process of fixing the specimen, or a process of forming an optimal pH at a specimen stained by a staining sample. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a contact-type staining patch includes a staining solution that reacts with a specimen and a gel receptor provided as a gel matrix of a mesh structure in which a pore that accommodates the staining solution is formed and the mesh structure prevents the staining solution in the pore from leaking or degenerating, and having a contact surface that comes into contact with the specimen to transfer some of the staining solution to the specimen.

Abstract: Sample application systems can include an extraction mechanism to remove a sample from sample containers, a sample vessel disposed on a deployment mechanism, where the deployment mechanism is arranged to move the sample vessel to receive a sample, an extraction mechanism washing station to wash the extraction mechanism, a sample applicator to remove a portion of the sample in the sample vessel and apply it onto a sample carrier, where the deployment mechanism can move the sample vessel to a sample application position, a sample vessel washing station to wash the sample vessel, where the deployment mechanism can move the sample vessel to the sample vessel washing station, a sample applicator washing station to wash the sample applicator after the sample has been dispensed onto the sample carrier, and a fluid control system to control flow of a fluid provided to the extraction mechanism and the sample applicator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for melting paraffin, the paraffin (1) that is to be melted, and metallic bodies (2), being arranged in a melting container (210), eddy currents being induced in the metallic bodies (2) using at least one inductor (220); furthermore to a melting apparatus (200) for melting paraffin, having a melting container (210) for receiving paraffin (1) that is to be melted and metallic bodies (2), and having an inductor (220) for inducing eddy currents in the metallic bodies (2) received in the melting container (210); and to paraffin (1), having metallic bodies (2) embedded therein, which is configured in order to be inductively melted in a melting container (210).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for desorbing and detecting an analyte sorbed on a solid phase microextraction (SPME) device. The system includes a desorption chamber sized to accept the SPME device while defining a void volume of less than about 50 ?L; a flow injector in fluid connection with the desorption chamber, the desorption chamber and the flow injector being fluidly connected by at least a flow-insulating fluid connector; a solvent source in fluid connection with the flow injector; and a fluid switch that: in a desorption position, allows the solvent to be sprayed from the flow injector while flow-insulating any desorption solution in the desorption chamber, and in an detecting position, turns off the solvent source while maintaining the fluid connection between the flow injector and the desorption chamber, transferring the desorption solution through the flow-insulating fluid connector to the flow injector as a substantially undiluted plug of liquid.

Abstract: A method of treating a biological sample, preferably a sample of blood or bodily fluids likely to contain one or more species of interest, and including a step of decomplexification by acoustophoresis (as well as associated systems, devices, substrates and connection devices).

Abstract: A torsional fatigue testing apparatus comprises: a cable holding device, a motion guiding device and a driving device. The cable holding device is provided for holding a cable to be tested to extend between a rotatable holder and a slidable holder. The motion guiding device is provided for converting the rotational motion of the driving device into a reciprocating linear sliding motion by means of linkage so as to alternately rotate the rotatable holder forwardly and reversely, and therefore to repeatedly twist, by the rotatable holder, the cable to be tested.

Abstract: A stone impact simulator is provided. That stone impact simulator includes a projectile propulsion section to propel a projectile toward a test sample and a projectile capture section to capture the projectile after the projectile ricochets off of the test sample. The projectile capture section includes a rebound block, a spent projectile storage compartment and a projectile energy dissipation element between the rebound block and the spent projectile storage compartment.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and a method for evaluating a joint compound specimen can be used to determine a numerical sandability value for the specimen. A moving assembly is configured to move a sanding member in a sanding direction relative to the joint compound specimen supported in a support fixture. An actuator assembly is configured to drive the sanding member into contacting relationship with the joint compound specimen such that the sanding member exerts a controlled amount of pressure against the joint compound specimen. The force gauge is configured to measure a resistance force against the sanding member in a resistance direction in opposing relationship to the sanding direction. A processor programmed with a joint compound analyzing application is configured to use a force signal from the force gauge that is indicative of the resistance force to determine the sandability value for the joint compound specimen.

Abstract: A Stein Hall cup for measuring the viscosity of a starch adhesive is automated to provide viscosity measurement in real time using a PLC or other data gathering and control processor. Temperature of the adhesive is measured concurrently with viscosity and temperature signals are processed with the timed viscosity signal to provide a temperature compensated value of starch viscosity.

Abstract: An analysis apparatus includes a detector and a determination unit. The detector detects, for a target particle, a direction of a surface that is in proximity to the target particle. The determination unit determines the target particle to be a surface particle in a case where the number of other particles within a predetermined region extending in the direction of the surface is smaller than a threshold.

Abstract: The present application relates generally rheometers. In one aspect, misalignment of the air cylinder with respect to the cross-head is accommodated using a flexible coupling between the air cylinder and the cross-head so as to prevent binding and stuttering of the machine due to misalignment.

Abstract: The present application relates generally to moving die rheometers, and more particularly to moving die rheometers that employ a variable eccentric cam. In one aspect, the eccentricity produced by the cam may be adjusted using shims of different thickness to alter the position of the post on the cam.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sampler that obtains fluid samples with a probe and washes the probe during the act of withdrawing the probe from a sample container. In addition, detection of a collision of the probe and/or the wash station with another object can be quickly detected using sensors that determine if a collision situation exists.

Abstract: A method of detecting and isolating cells that produce a secreted protein of interest (POI) that has an immunoglobulin CH3 domain and/or substituted CH3 domain, comprising: a) constructing a cell line transiently or stably expressing a cell surface capture molecule, which binds the POI, by transfecting the cell line with a nucleic acid that encodes such cell surface capture molecule; b) transfecting said cell simultaneously or subsequently with a second nucleic acid that encodes a POI wherein such POI is secreted; c) detecting the surface-displayed POI by contacting the cells with a detection molecule, which binds the POI; and d) isolating cells based on the detection molecule.

Abstract: A method is provided for transporting a plurality of cells through a flow chamber, wherein the cells are initially immobilized on an internal surface of the flow chamber. The method comprises: selectively releasing the cells from the internal surface of the flow chamber; and flowing liquid through the flow chamber such that the released cells travel with the liquid, thereby transporting the cells through the flow chamber. Cells can be immobilized on or selectively released from the internal surface by applying or removing a trapping potential. The trapping potential can arise from an electric field gradient or an optical field gradient. Alternatively, cells can be selectively released from the surface using photocatalysis. Selective release allows cells to be individually observed or analyzed downstream, and can be based on a signal detected from one or more cells immobilized on the surface.

Abstract: There is provided a droplet sorting device including a detector configured to detect a state of droplets ejected from an orifice that generates a fluid stream and of satellite droplets existing between the droplets, and a controller configured to control a frequency of a driving voltage supplied to a vibration element that applies vibration to the orifice on the basis of positions where the satellite droplets exist.

Abstract: A sample measuring apparatus of an embodiment includes: a laser diode that applies laser light to a measurement specimen prepared from a sample; a detection unit that acquires optical information from a particle in the measurement specimen to which the laser light is applied; a drive circuit that supplies a direct-current drive signal to the laser diode; and a high-frequency conversion circuit that generates a potential that switches between a high level and a low level in a predetermined cycle to guide the drive signal outputted from the drive circuit to a second signal path which is different from a first signal path connected to the laser diode in the predetermined cycle, thereby converting the drive signal to be supplied to the laser diode into a high-frequency signal.

Abstract: Holograms of colloidal dispersions encode comprehensive information about individual particles' three-dimensional positions, sizes and optical properties. Extracting that information typically is computation-ally intensive, and thus slow. Machine-learning techniques based on support vector machines (SVMs) can analyze holographic video microscopy data in real time on low-power computers. The resulting stream of precise particle-resolved tracking and characterization data provides unparalleled insights into the composition and dynamics of colloidal dispersions and enables applications ranging from basic research to process control and quality assurance.

Abstract: An organism evaluation system for analyzing organisms within a fluid flow, comprising one or more of a stimulation section comprising a means for inducing a motive response in a living organism within the fluid flow passing through the stimulation section and a shepherding section comprising a means for temporarily separating such an organism from and then returning it to the fluid flow, a flow normalizing section in fluid communication with the stimulation section and/or shepherding section, and a viewing section in fluid communication with the flow normalizing section, the viewing section comprising a body having formed therein a body cavity defining a viewing port, the viewing section further comprising an optical system mounted relative to the body for viewing the fluid flow within the viewing port through a cavity first opening, whereby image data relating to the fluid flow and organisms therein is acquired via the optical system for analysis.

Abstract: A particle detector includes a housing, a light source, and a photo-responsive material. The housing includes a sample inlet and a sample outlet, and encloses a detection cavity. The light source directs irradiating light to particles of a sample fluid flowing in the detection cavity. The photo-responsive material faces the detection cavity, and receives measurement light propagating from the particles in a plurality of measurement light paths angled relative to a longitudinal axis. The particle detector may be utilized to measure scattered light and/or light emitted due to autofluorescence. Fluids sampled may include aerosols, bio-aerosols, and liquids.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for characterizing particles, comprising: a microscope objective with an optical axis and a depth of field; a holder cell (22) configured to position the particles in a generally planar volume below the microscope objective, the planar volume being substantially normal to the optical axis and having a depth that is less than or equal to the depth of field, wherein a portion of the cell holder (22) for positioning in the optical axis of the microscope objective is substantially free of significant spectral features in a Raman spectral range; an x-y stage (20) to move the microscope objective relative to the holder cell (22) in x and y directions to align particles with the optical axis of the microscope objective while the particles are held by the holder cell (22), a detector (18) for acquiring an image of a particle through the microscope objective, a laser operable to illuminate a particle held by the holder cell (22), a Raman spectrometer (16) arranged to obtain a spectrum including the R

Abstract: A system includes a plurality of movable members and an electromagnetic wave probe disposed within at least one movable member among the plurality of movable members. The actuation system is coupled to the plurality of movable members. The actuation system is configured to actuate and removably position the plurality of movable members to form a wave guide around at least a portion of an outer peripheral surface of the pipe assembly and position the electromagnetic wave probe proximate to the portion of the outer peripheral surface of the pipe assembly.

Abstract: The present invention regards nano surfaces and particularly a gradient based nano surface. According to embodiments of the invention a surface bound gradient is created by distributed nanoparticles along a plane surface. This procedure greatly reduces the number of prepared surfaces needed, as well as the methodological error of analysis of adsorption and adhesion phenomena.

Abstract: Various embodiments of systems and methods are described herein for obtaining wide field OCT images and other types of image data from at least one portion of a sample. Various embodiments of systems and methods are described herein for assessing a degree of differentiation for a second region of an OCT image of a tissue sample with respect to another first. Various embodiments of a sample container are also described herein for containing a tissue sample and maintaining the tissue sample in a defined orientation during imaging or handling.

Abstract: An electronic prepared slide includes: an image sensor that has a light receiving surface and receives, on the light receiving surface, light that has passed through a specimen disposed above the light receiving surface; and a removable nonvolatile transparent film that is disposed on the light receiving surface and seals the light receiving surface.

Abstract: An integrated approach for cleaning an active surface of a petrochemical sensor. Sensors in the petrochemical industry are often deployed in locations where they are prone to fouling. By heating the active surface fouling substances may be removed from the active surface. Heating the surface above a supercritical point of a fluid being sensed may create a fluid that may serve to clean the active surface. Limiting the duration of the applied heating and/or pulsing the heating may mitigate adverse effects of use of high temperatures. A doped active surface, such as a doped diamond window may be designed to have conductive areas in the window that may be used for resistive heating of the window.

Abstract: A body fluid test system includes a test chip, an image capturing device, a moving mechanism for test tube and at least one fluid transfer device. The image capturing device is for capturing image of the test chip. The moving mechanism includes a base and a test tube carrier. The test tube carrier is movably disposed on the base. The test tube carrier is for carrying at least one test tube. One end of the fluid transfer device corresponds to the top of the test tube carrier, and another end of the fluid transfer device corresponds to the test chip. The test tube carrier is movable upwardly from a pre-testing position to a testing position. When the test tube carrier is at the testing position, the fluid transfer device is for transferring a body fluid sample contained in the at least one test tube to the test chip.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of an analyte (1) in a solution (2) comprising: providing at least a first and a second probes (A, B) different from each other, each probe (A,B) comprising a nanoparticle conjugated with a receptor specific to the analyte (1); contacting the solution (2) suspected of including the analyte (1) with the first and the second probes (A, B) to form a sample solution (3), wherein the sample solution (3) comprises aggregates (4) comprising the analyte (1) combined with the first and the second probes (A, B); illuminating the sample solution (3) with a light source having at least a first and a second exciting wavelengths (?eA, ?eB) different from each other wherein the first and the second wavelength are chosen to get specific optical responses from the first probe (A) and the second probe (B) respectively when illuminated; detecting as a function of time the light scattered by the first probe (A) at a first detection wavelength (?dA) and the light scattered by the second probe (

Abstract: A method for correcting an infrared absorption spectrum comprises the steps of:—providing a measured infrared absorption spectrum from a sample,—determining a baseline correction curve by using at least one spectral interval in which an absorption quantity is expected to be null for at least two wavelength quantities,—subtracting the baseline correction curve from the measured infrared absorption spectrum, to obtain a first corrected absorption spectrum,—extracting at least one absorption band whose position is out of the fingerprint region,—comparing each extracted absorption band with the expected absorption band,—correcting the baseline correction curve in accordance with the results of the comparing step, to obtain a corrected baseline correction curve, and—subtracting the corrected baseline correction curve from the measured infrared absorption spectrum, to obtain a second corrected absorption spectrum.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for identifying and characterizing compounds conjugating at least one polylysine and at least one other molecule chosen from the acids, fatty acids, vitamins, amino acids, amino acid derivatives having a neurotransmitter activity and the active substances having a therapeutic effect, the method including at least: a step of identification, by infrared spectroscopy, and at least one characterization step chosen from: ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, gas phase chromatography, high-performance liquid phase chromatography.

Abstract: A sensor including an optical cavity capable of receiving the gas, and defined by first and second opposite ends and a connecting portion connecting said ends; a light source arranged to emit infrared light in the optical cavity; at least one infrared detector arranged to detect the infrared light; at least one mirror arranged in the optical cavity to guide the infrared light towards said at least one infrared detector; the sensor being remarkable in that it includes first and second reflective elements respectively extending at the first and second ends of the optical cavity, and having an infrared light reflection coefficient greater than or equal to 75% for any angle of incidence.