Abstract: Process for eliminating the evaporation of a liquefied natural gas stream during the transfer thereof into a storage facility, comprising the following steps: Step a): liquefaction, by means of a refrigeration cycle, of a natural gas stream and of a nitrogen stream in a main heat exchanger; Step b): cooling of the liquefied natural gas stream from step a) in a second heat exchanger by circulation of said liquefied natural gas stream countercurrent to a liquid nitrogen flow that is vaporized while cooling said liquefied natural gas stream; wherein the liquid nitrogen flow used in step b) is from step a).

Abstract: A process for liquefying a process gas comprising: introducing a heat transfer fluid into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that comprises (i) a high magnetic field section in which the heat transfer fluid flows from a cold side to a hot side through at least one magnetized bed of at least one magnetic refrigerant, (ii) a first no heat transfer fluid flow section in which the bed is demagnetized, (iii) a low magnetic or demagnetized field section in which the heat transfer fluid flows from a hot side to a cold side through the demagnetized bed, and (iv) a second no heat transfer fluid flow section in which the bed is magnetized; continuously diverting a bypass portion of the heat transfer fluid from the cold side of the low magnetic or demagnetized field section into a bypass flow heat exchanger at a first cold inlet temperature; and continuously introducing the process gas into the bypass flow heat exchanger at a first hot inlet temperature and discharging the process gas or liquid fr

Abstract: A cryogenic method for capturing carbon dioxide in the gaseous emissions produced from the fossil-energy combustion of solid, liquid, or gaseous fossil fuels in a power generation installation employing an OxyFuel mode of combustion.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, apparatus, and methods for extracting pure oxygen from a liquid. In some embodiments, a system for extracting oxygen from a liquid comprises a separator configured to allow a liquid to pass therethrough and to produce a liquid mixture comprising the liquid having at least a portion of oxygen removed therefrom. The separator comprises a wall surrounding an interior portion of a tube, the wall having at least one aperture formed therein. The separator also comprises at least one magnet positioned adjacently to the at least one aperture having a north pole end and a south pole end forming a magnetic field gradient therebetween and extending into an interior portion of the tube. The system also comprises a storage tank fluidly coupled to the at least one aperture and configured to store the at least a portion of oxygen removed from the liquid via the separator.

Abstract: A method is described for removing carbon dioxide during Liquid Natural Gas production from natural gas at gas pressure letdown stations. The above method removes carbon dioxide from a Liquid Natural Gas production stream by using hydrocarbon fractions taken from a gas for consumption stream as a carbon dioxide stripping adsorption agent for a stripping column used to remove carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for drying a material to liberate a substance such as a liquid having a vapor pressure from solids and/or dissolved substances in the material. The system includes a plenum chamber and a blower providing a stream of air to the plenum chamber. An outlet communicates with the plenum chamber and a velocity accelerator is disposed downstream of the outlet. The velocity accelerator is arranged to receive air from the outlet of the plenum chamber into a progressively narrowing interior passageway terminating at a downstream choke point orifice. The choke point orifice discharges into a larger diameter discharge region. A throttle body is disposed in the discharge region and is selectively movable toward and away from the choke point orifice to decrease or increase the volume of the discharge region. A passageway is formed through the throttle body for receiving flashed material from the discharge region and conveying the material in a downstream direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for a portable modular drying device that includes a distributing manifold for receiving a blower device that distributes air through the device, and at least one drying manifold having a first end, a second end, and at least one opening between the first end and the second end for distributing the drying air selectively secured to the distributing manifold. The device further includes at least one drying hose or glove tube selectively secured to the at least one opening of the at least one drying manifold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a melting apparatus (100) for melting paraffin (1), having: a melting container (110) for receiving paraffin (1) to be melted; a storage container (190) for storing molten paraffin (4); having a melting container heating device (120) for heating the melting container (110), having a storage container heating device (191) for heating the storage container (190), having a fluid connection (113) fluidically connecting the melting container (110) and the storage container; the melting container (110), the storage container (190), and the fluid connection (113) being arranged so that molten paraffin (4) flows out of the melting container (110) into the storage container (190).

Abstract: A molten metal processing apparatus selected from a pump, a degasser, a flux injector, and a scrap submergence device constructed to include at least one element comprised of C/C composite.

Abstract: A dual pass heat exchanger for cooling and dehumidifying an airstream has adjacent passes for air flow in which air flow is in opposite directions being counter-flow and parallel-flow passes. A cooling coil contains flowing chilled liquid refrigerant extending through all of the passes, and the coiling coil has fins on outer surfaces thereof for promoting efficient thermal transfer, whereby density of the fins in the counter-flow passes is greater than density in the parallel-flow passes, whereby fin density is varied in fin style, locational density, thickness and/or depth.

Abstract: A heat exchange device has a heat transfer member having thermal conductivity and a fin that is provided integrally with the heat transfer member. A heat transfer is performed between the heat transfer member and the fin. The fin is configured by more than one of a carbon nanotube aggregate that is configured by carbon nanotubes assembled together. The carbon nanotube aggregates are arranged on the heat transfer member and distanced from each other, and protrude from the heat transfer member in an axial direction of the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A brazed heat exchanger includes plates that are stacked or nested to define flow channels for multiple media. Inserts are arranged within at least some of the flow channels. Two different braze alloys having compositions based on different metals are used to form braze joints between the plates and the inserts. In some cases, a copper-based braze alloy is used for joints corresponding to flow channels for one of the media in order to provide high pressure-resisting strength to those flow channels, while an iron-based braze alloy is used for joints corresponding to flow channels for another of the media where dissolved copper is undesirable.

Abstract: A heat pipe device includes an outer pipe and at least one first capillary structure. The outer pipe is a hollow pipe and has a defined lengthwise direction, and the first capillary structure is accommodated along the lengthwise direction and positioned in the outer pipe, and at least one steam channel is formed between the first capillary structure and the outer pipe. Even if the heat pipe device is upside down, the heat pipe still can resist gravity and work normally to achieve the effect of using the heat pipe without being limited by the using direction.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising: a heat exchange unit that exchanges heat between a heat transfer medium and a heat exchange object; a phase change unit, which comprises a liquid phase space that accommodates the heat transfer medium in a liquid phase state, and a gas phase space that accommodates the heat transfer medium in a gas phase state, the heat transfer medium being capable of moving into and out of the gas phase space; and a first channel along which the heat transfer medium is moved from the phase change unit to the heat exchange unit, wherein the heat exchanger is configured such that a saturated vapor pressure at a temperature of the heat transfer medium in the liquid phase flowing into the phase change unit differs from a pressure of the heat transfer medium in the gas phase in the gas phase space.

Abstract: There is provided a control system of a chemical heat accumulator which enables to facilitate small-sizing of the chemical heat accumulator by carrying out heat release and heat accumulation according to a degree of priority by appropriately selecting a location of carrying out the heat release and heat accumulation on priority basis. A chemical heat accumulator includes a valve mechanism which makes a plurality of reactors communicate separately with a reservoir, and cuts off the plurality of reactors from the reservoir.

Abstract: A heat sink structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The heat sink includes a main body having multiple main body connection sections and multiple radiating fins each having a connection section. The main body has a first end and a second end. The first and second ends define a longitudinal direction. The multiple radiating fins are placed in a mold. A mechanical processing measure is used to high-speed impact the main body so as to thrust the main body into the mold. Accordingly, the connection sections of the radiating fins placed in the mold are high-speed thrust into the main body connection sections and moved in the longitudinal direction to the second end of the main body to tightly integrally connect with the main body.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a base and plural thermal conductors. The base includes plural installation areas. The plural installation areas are in parallel with a first direction and separated from each other along a second direction. Each installation area includes a first lateral region, a second lateral region and a middle region. The plural thermal conductors are disposed on the corresponding installation areas. The thermal conductors on each installation area are classified into a first group and a second group. The thermal conductors of the first group are disposed on the first lateral region and in parallel with each other. The thermal conductors of the second group are disposed on the second lateral region and in parallel with each other. The thermal conductors of the first group are not in parallel with the thermal conductors of the second group.

Abstract: Tube-bundle heat exchangers are commonly used to quench reacting fluids to drop the temperature of the reacting fluid below a specific temperature which cuts off undesirable chemical reactions in a minimal time as practical. A common commercial application is production of olefins. Shell and tube type and bundles of tube in tube exchanges are used in this application, the method is applicable to both. Significant variations in reacting fluid mass flow rates in the tubes of the tube-bundle can cause sub-optimal performance of the process. By placement of precise partial obstruction to flow of the reacting fluids at the tube exits to an outlet plenum chamber, these flow variations can be controlled. By adding remotely readable temperature measurement, and making the obstructions adjustable, the operator of the production facility can minimize production losses due to the variations in flow between tubes in the tube-bundle.

Abstract: Components of a firearm having a bolt with locking lugs improve shooting accuracy, due to increased coaxial alignment between the bolt, the cartridge, the receiver, and/or the barrel of a firearm. The receiver inner surface is shaped for lug-cleaning and for close tolerance/mating with the lugs only in the locked position and also with a non-threaded, axial surface of the barrel. Thus, the mating surfaces that are instrumental and/or that mainly control coaxial alignment of the receiver, bolt, and barrel are located between the lug stops and the threaded end of the receiver. The lugs may be axially curved or otherwise axially non-linear to tolerate dirt and other debris in a field environment.

Abstract: Semi-automatic rifle including a free floating barrel with a muzzle located at a distal end and an engagement mechanism at a proximal end. The barrel has a length measured from the proximal end to the distal end. A receiver can be configured to couple the engagement mechanism of the barrel and a bolt at least partially rotatably mounted relative to the receiver. A gas cylinder system being coupled to the barrel substantially close to the muzzle and including an operating rod. A trigger assembly coupled to the receiver to receive at least a portion of the operating rod and a bridge coupled to the trigger assembly. A fire control located substantially within the trigger assembly and configured to actuate the bolt so as to eject a cartridge and load a subsequent cartridge from a clip.

Abstract: A cylinder impeller for revolvers, which transmits the trigger pulling movement to a cylinder revolving movement. The impeller includes a cover having inside it a track; a one-piece body having a plate and a slider, said slider being able to slide within and relative to the cover; and a spring arranged between the body slider and the surface of the cover track. Therefore, the cover and the body slide one relative to the other and against the spring action, thus varying the overall length of the impeller and compensating and absorbing possible teeth machining variations of the cylinder extractor.

Abstract: A magazine for a firearm is formed by a magazine box with a spring therein. A magazine follower in the magazine box is urged toward an open end thereof by the spring, and is formed by a base member extending along a longitudinal axis of the magazine box, and slide stop actuating and cartridge engaging structures extending outwardly from the base member. The slide stop actuating and/or the cartridge engaging structures are resiliently biased in a lateral direction away from a longitudinal axis of the base member to be movable between: (1) a compressed position wherein a longitudinal axis of the slide stop and/or the cartridge engaging structures are laterally perpendicular with the longitudinal axis of the base member, and (2) an uncompressed position where the longitudinal axis of the slide stop actuating and/or the cartridge engaging structures are not laterally perpendicular with the longitudinal axis of the base member.

Abstract: A firearm includes a firing mechanism and a sensor device. The sensor device includes a subscriber identity module configured to communicate with a server over a signaling channel of a wireless communications network. The Sensor device is configured to enable/disable the firing mechanism in accordance with instructions received by the SIM from the server. Movements and/or attempted operations of the firearm may be monitored using an application running on a mobile device, which application receives information concerning the firearm over the signaling channel of the wireless communications network.

Abstract: A firearm includes a firing mechanism and a sensor. The sensor is configured for wireless communication over s short range RF network with a hub worn or carried by a user of the firearm. The hub includes a subscriber identity module configured to communicate with a server over a signaling channel of a wireless telecommunications network. The sensor device is configured to control a enable/disable mechanism in the firearm in accordance with instructions received from the hub.

Abstract: An improved bolt catch assembly for a rifle, the assembly comprising a magazine actuator arm having a protrusion operable to engage a follower of an ammunition magazine; a bolt catch having a bolt contact surface operable to engage a bolt on the rifle; and an elongated bar having a first end and a second end, the first end attached to the magazine actuator arm and the second end attached to the bolt catch.

Abstract: A gun locking device includes a lock removably disposable within a cavity of a gun, such as being slidably received within a magazine well of the gun. An elongated rod is extendable into the gun through a chamber thereof for locking engagement with the lock. An end of the rod defines a plug disposable within the chamber of the gun when the rod is in engagement with the lock to prevent ammunition from being disposed within the chamber and the gun being discharged.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pin embodiment which enables firing a cartridge in superposed smoothbore shotguns with superimposed barrel within the space called frame and safety embodiment. The present invention specifically relates to a pin assembly and to a safety assembly which can be assembled and disassembled easily independently from the mechanical parts inside the frame within shotguns.

Abstract: A monolithic noise suppression device comprising a monolithic, integral baffle housing module. The module comprising, in turn, at least no welded joints or seams between the various components that make up the core of the module and no welded joints or seams between the core, or any structures that make up the core, and the various interior surfaces and/or structures that make up the body of the module. The module is preferably plastic and manufactured using a layered printing process. The monolithic, integral baffle housing module may include various other features that enhance performance, reduce manufacturing cost, facilitate customization and eliminate restrictions on disposability as compared to conventional noise suppression devices. The monolithic noise suppression device may further comprise a first stage noise suppression device to be used in conjunction with the monolithic, integral baffle housing module.

Abstract: A system for attaching an accessory to a firearm includes a muzzle device configured for attachment to the muzzle end of the firearm, the muzzle device having a first coarse-threaded engagement means and one of an annular grooved surface and a grooved surface engagement mechanism, and an adapter device. The adapter device includes an adapter having a forward portion including an accessory engagement means for receiving the accessory and a rearward portion having a second coarse-threaded engagement means formed on an inner surface of the adapter, a biasing mechanism received on the rearward portion, and a retainer ring received on the rearward portion adjacent to the biasing mechanism, the retainer ring having the other of the annular grooved surface and the grooved surface engagement mechanism. The male coarse-threaded engagement means and the female coarse-threaded engagement means cooperate to releasably secure the adapter device to the muzzle device.

Abstract: An apparatus for firing projectiles including a feeding mechanism adapted to feed projectiles into rotating arms rotating around an axis within a guide wall. The wall includes an opening through which the projectile are expelled due to the rotation of the arms. Strikers attached to each arm are so positioned so that they strike the projectile that has been expelled through the guide accelerating the projectile.

Abstract: An apparatus includes two halves of a rail-to-rail coupler, wherein each half carries at least one rail engagement formation comprising at least two teeth separated by at least one notch to enable engagement with a portion of a rail associated with a toy gun that incorporates at least one rail stop; and at least one passage is formed through each half that aligns with the at least one passage formed through the other of the two halves to provide a dart storage position into which a dart may be inserted when the two halves are assembled together to engage a rail associated with a toy gun.

Abstract: This invention is characterized by its appearance as a bracelet or a wrist watch, for example. The distinctive features of this device are its micro size, stealth-ness, and light weight. The object of this invention is to a provide state-of-the-art personal protection in two forms, a firearm and a knife, both of which are totally concealable even if the wearer is not wearing clothes. They are both instantly available and easily deployed to protect oneself from an imminent threat.

Abstract: An adjustable firearm stock has a body defining an elongated channel adapted to receive a rail, the channel having an internal width adapted to receive the width of the head portion of the rail, and opposed elongated hook surfaces defining a hook width adapted to receive the neck of the rail, the hook surfaces bear on the rail to resist separation of the body from the rail, the channel having an elongated floor surface parallel to and opposing the planar mounting surface of the rail, a foot element connected to the body and having a contact surface facing the planar mounting surface of the rail, and a securement facility operably connected to the foot element and to the body, and operable to move the foot with respect to the body to compress the rail between the contact surface of the foot and the hook surfaces.

Abstract: A modular attachment system is disclosed having one or more surfaces designed to compatibly interconnect with a receptacle formed by a grid pattern of a structural support of a gun stock. The grid pattern can be an is a grid pattern, an orthogrid pattern, or a pattern having a combination of both isogrid and orthogrid portions.

Abstract: A tool. A firearm, a blade and an ancillary device are disposed within or on the tool. The firearm comprises a barrel through which a bullet passes to exit the firearm, a firing pin moveable to a firing position by operation of a firing pin control, a firing pin lock retaining the firing pin in the firing position when in the locked position, a biasing member for applying a force to the firing pin with the firing pin restrained against the force by the locked position of the firing pin lock. A trigger releases the firing pin lock from the locked position, such that the force causes the firing pin to strike the charge proximate the bullet. The bullet then exits the barrel.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein includes a gun holster transport system. The gun holster transport system comprises a wrapping member for wrapping at least partially around itself to form an aperture for receiving a barrel holding portion of a gun holster. The wrapping member forms first and second arms extending axially from the barrel holding portion and which are positionable on opposite sides of a butt of a gun. The first and second arms each form lock-receiving apertures for receiving a lock positionable behind the butt of the gun to prevent withdraw of the gun from the gun holster.

Abstract: A firearm accessory has a foldable mirror housing that is attached through a hinge with a rotatable mirror platform. This rotatable mirror platform sits atop a bearing platform that in turn is integral with a rail mount. The rotatable mirror platform has a locking device that engages the fascia of the bearing platform popping mirror into positions or angles of most common use. A knob has a housing therefore having an associated friction disk and axle. A locking device on the mirror housing engages the exterior surface of the back of the knob housing for positions of most common vertical angles of use. Finally, a spring actuated sliding mirror is an optional feature as it is mounted on a mounting plate therefore allowing for height adjustment of mirror as well as the interchanging of mirror types.

Abstract: A gun scope is provided having a battery compartment. The battery compartment may be configured to house one or more batteries to provide electronic power to one or more electronic components associated with the gun scope. The battery compartment is associated with a rotatable component, such as a magnifying ring, and configured to rotate with the rotatable component about an axis. In one embodiment, the battery component may be integrally formed with the rotatable component. In another embodiment, the battery component may be formed as a separate component and coupled with the rotatable component. The battery compartment extends radially outward from the rotatable component and provides a lever for rotation of the rotatable component about its axis of rotation.

Abstract: A bi-reticle sight includes a main body, a first reticle, a second reticle and a sensor. The first reticle is configured to move along with the main body. The second reticle is configured to move relative to the first reticle. The sensor is configured to detect the main body to determine whether the main body is in a standard attitude. Wherein the first reticle coincides with the second reticle when the main body is in the standard attitude, the second reticle is moved relative to the first reticle to a position corresponding to the standard attitude when the main body is not in the standard attitude.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sighting device having an optical reversing system (12) and a target mark as well as a ballistics computer for computing data that is relevant in terms of ballistics, the reversing system (12) being adjustable mechanically and the target mark being adjustable electronically and at least one adjusting device (13) being provided for adjusting the reversing system (12) and the target mark.

Abstract: A weapon platform for accurately locating and/or tracking enemy targets is described. The weapon platform may include an electro-optical sensor unit comprising one or more sensors, an electro-optical camera, and a plurality of local targets located within the weapon system. The camera may observe the local targets and output information regarding the spatial relationship between the sensor unit and a weapon connected to the weapon platform. The local targets may be connected to the weapon, to the weapon platform, and/or to the sensor unit. Using the information regarding the spatial relationship, the weapon may be steered toward enemy targets that are located using the sensor unit.

Abstract: A laser designator system using modulated CW laser diodes and a conventional high pixel count image sensor array, such as CCD or CMOS array. These two technologies, diode lasers and imaging sensor arrays are reliable, widely used and inexpensive technologies, as compared with prior art pulsed laser systems. These systems are distinguished from the prior art systems in that they filter the laser signal spatially, by collecting light over a comparatively long period of time from a very few pixels out of the entire field of view of the image sensor array. This is in contrast to the prior art systems where the laser signal is filtered temporarily, over a very short time span, but over a large fraction of the field of view. By spatially filtering the signal outputs of the individual pixels, it becomes possible to subtract the background illumination from the illuminated laser spot.

Abstract: A lightweight antiballistic plate assembly includes a ceramic antiballistic plate that is strengthened with a superhard protective layer attached to the strike face of the antiballistic plate. In one embodiment, a strike face of the plate has a layer of superhard material, such as polycrystalline diamond (PCD), attached by sintering. In one embodiment, the ceramic antiballistic plate is made from a mixture of silicon carbide and superhard protective strike face comprising a material selected from the group consisting of polycrystalline diamond (PCD), polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN), thermally stable polycrystalline diamond and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A structurally reinforced and water resistant, soft armor ballistic panel for use in body armor garments includes: a plurality of ballistic fabric layers, a liquid-resistant binding tape, and a binding thread. The plurality of ballistic fabric layers includes either a plurality of woven fabric layers, a plurality of unwoven fabric layers, or a combination thereof. The liquid-resistant binding tape perimetrically encompasses the plurality of ballistic fabric layers, wherein the liquid-resistant binding tape is retained in position by the binding thread; the binding thread being stitched through the liquid-resistant binding tape and the plurality of ballistic fabric layers. Together, the liquid-resistant binding tape and the binding thread retain the plurality of ballistic fabric layers in a structurally flat formation and prevent liquid or moisture from seeping into a raw cut edge of each of the plurality of ballistic fabric layers.

Abstract: A ballistic barrier is provided which is relatively easy and inexpensive to install and implement. The ballistic barrier may include a plurality of panels, each panel having a plurality of slats arranged downwardly at an angle with respect to horizontal. When an incoming bullet strikes a slat, its energy is redirected and the bullet is deflected downward toward the ground. Various thicknesses, materials, and dimensions of slats can be used. In addition, the slats can be arranged at an angle somewhere between 0 and 90 degrees, depending on the desired application. All of the slats may be arranged at substantially the same angle, or they may arranged at different angles. Backer plates may further be included to prevent bullets from travelling any appreciable distance beyond the fence. The backer plates may be constructed and attached in a manner that permits airflow between adjacent backer plates. A facing may be included to prevent people from climbing the fence slats.

Abstract: A landmine-neutralization system has a vehicle including a water supply tank and an electrical power supply and an electro-discharge apparatus. The electro-discharge apparatus includes one or more electro-discharge nozzles each having a discharge chamber that has an inlet for receiving water from the water supply tank and an outlet, a first electrode extending into the discharge chamber and being electrically connected to one or more high-voltage capacitors that are connected to, and chargeable by, the electrical power supply, a second electrode proximate to the first electrode to define a gap between the first and second electrodes and a switch to cause the one or more capacitors to discharge across the gap between the electrodes to create a plasma bubble which expands to form a shockwave that escapes through one or more exit orifices of the one or more nozzles ahead of the plasma bubble to thereby neutralize a landmine.

Abstract: A conducted electrical weapon (“CEW”) launches wire-tethered electrodes from multiple cartridges to provide a current through a human or animal target to impede locomotion of the target. The CEW may detect when the electrodes launched from the cartridges may provide the current through more than one target. The CEW may detect when electrodes launched from the cartridges may provide the current through the same target. The CEW may set the pulse rate of the current based on detecting the launch of electrodes from more than one cartridge, detecting that electrodes may provide the current through two or more targets, and/or detecting that two or more pairs of electrodes may deliver the current through the same target.

Abstract: A conducted electrical weapon (“CEW”) launches wire-tethered electrodes from multiple cartridges to provide a current through a human or animal target to impede locomotion of the target. The CEW may detect when the electrodes launched from the cartridges may provide the current through more than one target. The CEW may detect when electrodes launched from the cartridges may provide the current through the same target. The CEW may set the pulse rate of the current based on detecting the launch of electrodes from more than one cartridge, detecting that electrodes may provide the current through two or more targets, and/or detecting that two or more pairs of electrodes may deliver the current through the same target.

Abstract: A conducted electrical weapon (“CEW”) launches wire-tethered electrodes from multiple cartridges to provide a current through a human or animal target to impede locomotion of the target. The CEW may detect when the electrodes launched from the cartridges may provide the current through more than one target. The CEW may detect when electrodes launched from the cartridges may provide the current through the same target. The CEW may set the pulse rate of the current based on detecting the launch of electrodes from more than one cartridge, detecting that electrodes may provide the current through two or more targets, and/or detecting that two or more pairs of electrodes may deliver the current through the same target.

Abstract: A system that provides control of the output shockwave properties of energetic material wherein the system includes an energetic material having a first portion and a second portion. An additive manufacturing system combines the first portion and the second portion of the energetic material wherein the first portion and the second portion are positioned relative to each other to provide control of the output shockwave properties of the energetic material.