Abstract: A method comprises forming an etch stop layer, a first titanium layer, a magnetic core, a second titanium layer, and patterning the first and second titanium layers. The etch stop layer is formed above a substrate. The first titanium layer is formed on the etch stop layer. The magnetic core is formed on the first titanium layer. The second titanium layer has a first portion encapsulating the magnetic core with the first titanium layer, and a second portion interfacing with the first titanium layer beyond the magnetic core. The patterning of the first and second titanium layers includes forming a mask over a magnetic core region and etching the first and second titanium layers exposed by the mask using a titanium etchant and a titanium oxide etchant.

Abstract: Among other things, hydrogen is released from water at a first location using energy from a first energy source; the released hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride slurry; and the metal hydride slurry is transported to a second location remote from the first location.

Abstract: Problem to be Solved A catalyst for obtaining hydrogen gas by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon-containing gas in the presence of steam active metals supported on an ?-alumina carrier. The active metals include 0.1 to 0.3 parts by weight of rhodium (Rh) based on the content of the metal, relative to 100 parts by weight of the ?-alumina carrier, and 0.01 to 0.3 parts by weight of platinum (Pt) based on the content of the metal, relative to 100 parts by weight of the ?-alumina carrier. The ?-alumina carrier is a carrier modified with a promoter including 1 to 10 parts by weight of cerium (Ce) based on the content of the metal, relative to 100 parts by weight of the ?-alumina carrier.

Abstract: The GTLpetrol Process for Maximum H2 Production. The GTLpetrol process uses a proprietary combination of two stage pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification plus a C02 condensation removal step to give H2 recoveries in the range of 95% to 98% based on H2+CO from synthesis gas generation.

Abstract: In an ozone generation apparatus, a discharge cell includes a first electrode part, a second electrode part, and a dielectric partition plate. The first electrode part and the second electrode part face each other, and the dielectric partition plate is provided between the first and second electrode parts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for forming conductive patterns and a resin structure having a conductive pattern, capable of forming a conductive micropattern on various polymer resin products or resin layers using a simplified process and exhibiting excellent heat dissipation characteristics. The composition for forming conductive patterns comprises: a polymer resin; a non-conductive metal compound represented by a specific chemical formula; and a heat-dissipating material, wherein a metal nucleus is formed from the non-conductive metal compound by the irradiation of electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: Disclosed are a transition metal dichalcogenide alloy and a method of manufacturing the same. A method of manufacturing a transition metal dichalcogenide alloy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a step of depositing transition metal dichalcogenide on a substrate using atomic layer deposition (ALD); and a step of forming a transition metal dichalcogenide alloy by thermally treating the transition metal dichalcogenide with a sulfur compound.

Abstract: Provided is a novel imidic acid compound having a divalent anion useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate, an agrochemical intermediate, an acid catalyst, a battery electrolyte or an antistatic agent. The imidic acid compound is a divalent imidic acid compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2). [In formulae (1) and (2), R1 to R3 represent a fluorine atom or an organic groups selected from a linear or branched C1-10 alkoxy group, a C2-10 alkenyloxy group, a C2-10 alkynyloxy group, a C3-10 cycloalkoxy group, a C3-10 cycloalkenyloxy group and a C6-10 aryloxy group, and wherein a fluorine atom, an oxygen atom or an unsaturated bond may also be present in the organic group. M1 and M2 represent protons, metal cations or onium cations.

Abstract: APs are made by binary condensation via base-to-acid or acid-to-base routes. In the base-to-acid route, an aluminum hydroxide slurry is added to phosphoric acid that reacts to produce an aluminum phosphate condensate. In the acid-to-base route, phosphoric acid is added to an aluminum hydroxide slurry that reacts to produce an aluminum phosphate condensate. In an alternative base-to-acid route, an acidic aluminum phosphate is first made by adding phosphoric acid to a first amount of aluminum hydroxide slurry, and such acidic aluminum phosphate is added to a remaining amount of aluminum hydroxide slurry to react and produce an aluminum phosphate condensate. The reactions can be controlled to form an in-situ layered aluminum phosphate. So-formed APs can be amorphous, crystalline, or a combination thereof, and have low oil absorption and surface area, making them particularly useful in such end-use applications as extender pigments in coating compositions, replacing up to 70 wt % of TiO2.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite product is provided. The method includes providing a fluidized bed of carbon-based particles in a fluidized bed reactor, providing a catalyst or catalyst precursor in the fluidized bed reactor, providing a carbon source in the fluidized bed reactor for growing carbon nanotubes, growing carbon nanotubes in a carbon nanotube growth zone of the fluidized bed reactor, and collecting a composite product comprising carbon-based particles and carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Methods of forming carbon nanotubes and structures and devices including carbon nanotubes are disclosed. Methods of forming the carbon nanotubes include patterning a surface of a substrate with polymeric material, removing portions of the polymeric material to form exposed substrate surface sections, and forming the carbon nanotubes on the exposed substrate sections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing coated carbon nanotubes, the method comprising the steps of: functionalizing the carbon nanotubes in a solvent comprising a silane polymer; coating the carbon nanotubes with a SiO2 layer; depositing metal catalyst particles on the SiO2 layer of the carbon nanotubes; and performing electroless plating to form an Ag coating on the SiO2 layer of the carbon nanotubes. The invention also relates Ag-coated CNTs, and to the use of Ag-coated CNTs as interconnects in a flexible electronic film.

Abstract: A method for preparing a three-dimensional porous graphene material, including: a) constructing a CAD model corresponding to a required three-dimensional porous structure, and designing an external shape and internal structure parameters of the model; b) based on the CAD model, preparing a three-dimensional porous metal structure using a metal powder as material; c) heating the three-dimensional porous metal structure and preparing a metal template of the required three-dimensional porous structure; d) placing the metal template in a tube furnace and heating the metal template to a temperature of between 800 and 1000° C.; standing for 0.5-1 hr, introducing a carbon source to the tube furnace for continued reaction, cooling resulting products to room temperature to yield a three-dimensional graphene grown on the metal template; and e) preparing a corrosive solution, and immersing the three-dimensional graphene in the corrosive solution.

Abstract: A continuous method for manufacturing graphene films using a metal substrate, wherein a first surface of the metal substrate is heated such that a top layer of the first surface melts to form a molten metal layer, and devices for carrying out the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for readily and inexpensively producing zeolite without using an organic structure-directing agent (organic SDA). Specifically disclosed is a method whereby a gel containing a silica source, an alumina source, an alkaline source and water is reacted with zeolite seed crystals, to produce a zeolite with the same kind of skeletal structure as the zeolite. The gel used is a gel of a composition whereby, when a zeolite is synthesized from this gel only, the synthesized zeolite comprises at least one of the kinds of composite building units of the target zeolite.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for readily and inexpensively producing zeolite without using an organic structure-directing agent (organic SDA). Specifically disclosed is a method whereby a gel containing a silica source, an alumina source, an alkaline source and water is reacted with zeolite seed crystals, to produce a zeolite with the same kind of skeletal structure as the zeolite. The gel used is a gel of a composition whereby, when a zeolite is synthesized from this gel only, the synthesized zeolite comprises at least one of the kinds of composite building units of the target zeolite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a zeolitic material comprising zeolitic monocrystals, each of which has a pore system encompassing at least one micropore system and at least one macropore system, and to a method for producing a zeolitic material of said type. In said method, porous oxide particles are converted into the zeolitic material in the presence of an organic template and steam.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an integrated process for capturing CO2. The process involves desorbing gaseous CO2 from a CO2 containing aqueous solution comprising carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, carbamate, or a mixture thereof. The desorbing of gaseous CO2 is conducted in the presence of a suitable water soluble substance. If desired, the process may also at least partially recover the soluble substance using a membrane, distillation, or another technique.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to new methods for generating energy and useful nitrogen compounds from captured carbon dioxide. It involves employing an osmotic engine, draw solution, and feed solution. An osmotic gradient between the solutions assists in generating energy and a solution of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or mixture thereof. This solution may be decomposed to form ammonia, carbon dioxide, a precipitate, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to use of an amino-containing neutral phosphine extractant of Formula I in extraction and separation of thorium, and a process of extracting and separating thorium using the amino-containing neutral phosphine extractant of Formula I, wherein, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C12 alkyl, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C1-16 alkyl and hydrogen, and n is an integer of 1 to 8.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparing ultrafine titanium carbonitride powder under a relatively low temperature condition that obviates a grinding process. This method includes the steps of: a mixing step for contacting titanium dioxide (TiO2), calcium (Ca) and carbon (C) under an inert atmosphere, a synthesis step for reacting the resultant mixture by heating at a temperature of about 600-1500° C. or lower under a nitrogen atmosphere; and a washing step for removing calcium oxide by washing this mixture.

Abstract: Provided is a method for synthesizing TiO2 nanocrystal, comprising: adjusting the pH value of a colloidal suspension of tetratitanic acid nanosheet as a precursor to 5-13; and subjecting the precursor to a hydrothermal reaction to obtain the TiO2 nanocrystal. The TiO2 nanocrystal synthesized by the method is anatase-type, and the exposed crystal facet thereof is {010} crystal facet. The method has advantages of low cost, no pollution, simple synthesizing process, strong controllability, short production period and good reproducibility, and is suitable for industrial production.

Abstract: Methods of forming transition metal dichalcogenide aerogels are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for producing iron oxide red pigments by the Penniman process using nitrate (also referred to as nitrate process or direct red process).

Abstract: A subsea system is configured to inject seawater into a subterranean formation. The system includes a sub-micron filtration module and a plurality of pumps and a plurality of other filtering devices arranged in series.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of monitoring the presence of naphthenic acids and related compounds. In particular, the invention provides a method of continuously monitoring naphthenic acids and related compounds that break through a filtration step in a wastewater treatment process.

Abstract: Implementations of this disclosure are directed to systems, devices and methods for monitoring parameters associated with a body of liquid. In one embodiment, a device includes a container configured to be partially submerged in a liquid and includes sensors disposed within a submerged portion of the container to measure parameters associated with the liquid. An electronic component disposed within an unsubmerged portion of the container transmits information related to the parameters based upon which one or more actions related to treatment of the body of liquid are suggested.

Abstract: A method to remove oil from an oily water stream includes the step of pressure controlling a release of dissolved gases from the stream as the stream passes through two or more stages of gas flotation treatment. The operating pressure of the first stage of flotation treatment is purposefully reduced relative to that of an upstream unit so that a certain controlled percent volume of dissolved gases is released. The operating pressure of the second stage of flotation treatment is then purposefully reduced relative to that of the first stage so that another controlled percent volume of dissolved gases is released. Any subsequent flotation treatment stage is at a lower operating pressure than that of the previous stage so that the subsequent treatment stage releases a controlled percent volume of dissolved gases. By controlling the operating pressure in this way, overall separation performance is improved.

Abstract: A system includes a fluid injection system. The fluid injection system includes a rotary isobaric pressure exchanger (IPX) configured to receive a first fluid, to receive a second fluid extracted from a source well, to utilize the second fluid to pressurize the first fluid for injection into an injection well, and to inject the pressurized first fluid into the injection well.

Abstract: A method for producing ultrapure water includes supplying raw water (industrial water, tap water, well water, or used ultrapure water discharged from semiconductor plants) to a pretreatment system for treating the raw water to produce water, supplying the water to a primary water purification system having a reverse osmosis membrane separation unit to produce a primarily purified water, and supplying the primarily purified water to a secondary purification system to produce ultrapure water.

Abstract: A water treatment device includes: an insulating divider which divides a space inside a water tank into two treatment vessels adjacent to each other in a horizontal direction, and includes a current carrier which is able to energize water in the two treatment vessels; a treatment unit including a pair of electrodes, a power supply, and a power supply controller; a water supplier which supplies water to each of the treatment vessels; and a draining member which drains water from each of the treatment vessels. The treatment unit includes a detector which detects a level of water in each of the treatment vessels based on an index corresponding to a current value between the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 3-dimensional porous mono-polar electrode body that includes a 3-dimensional porous parent substance, which has a 3-dimensional structure including a side and a remaining side that communicate with each other via a plurality of pores arranged in multiple layers and which is made of a metal material to have dimensional stability, and an electrode catalyst layer applied on the 3-dimensional porous parent substance. The 3-dimensional porous mono-polar electrode body is used to remove microorganisms contained in treatment water to thus minimize the consumption of power, which is required to remove the microorganisms, prevent secondary pollution, and ensure the durability of an electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing electrolyzed water composition for use in cleaning and disinfecting of an object. The method comprises preparing an electrolyte solution comprising water, at least one carbonate salt selected from: alkali metal carbonate salts, and at least one chloride salt selected from: alkali metal chloride salts and/or alkali earth metal chloride salts. The method further comprises introducing the aqueous electrolyte solution into an electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of boron-doped diamond electrodes. The method further comprises operating a power supply to apply a predetermined voltage to the electrolyte solution to produce an electrolyzed water composition comprising a plurality of active molecular and ionic species with antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described that uses a device that presents a surface of a dielectric material to a flowing or circulating fluid that results in charge being created at a boundary layer of the dielectric where it contacts the fluid by ion exchange and charging of compounds, for example insoluble dielectric particles such as colloids, and using at least one control impedance to control an impressed current in the fluid caused by the fluid flowing through the device and to cause suspended particles in the fluid to be charged, whereby the charge of the suspended particles is then neutralised causing coagulation of the particles as suspended insoluble particles.

Abstract: A scrubber wastewater treatment method, according to one possible embodiment, includes obtaining a measurement of a turbidity or of a suspended substance concentration of scrubber wastewater and, upon determining that measurement of turbidity or suspended substance concentration is within a certain range, performing treatment. A scrubber wastewater treatment device, according to one possible embodiment, includes a magnetic powder adding device controllable to add a magnetic powder to be added to scrubber wastewater having been generated by treating combustion exhaust gas in a scrubber, and a controller configured to control an amount of the magnetic powder added by the magnetic powder adding device in accordance with a measurement value obtained by a sensor.

Abstract: A method of treating wastewater including calcium ions and radium ions includes charging the wastewater into a container via an inlet in the container, precipitating a portion of the calcium ions in the wastewater within the container as calcium carbonate, removing an outflow via an outlet in the container, and recycling a portion of calcium carbonate precipitates formed in the container and removed in the outflow back into the container to achieve requisite removal of NORM present in the flowback water and produce limited volume of sludge that can be easily disposed in Class II disposal wells.

Abstract: A process for the in-situ treatment of tailings in a containment area having a tailings layer comprising fine solids and water, is provided comprising: adding a flocculant, a coagulant, a hydrophobicity modifying agent, or any combination thereof, into a portion of the tailings layer; mixing the portion of the tailings layer and flocculant, coagulant, collector, or combinations thereof, to form in-situ treated tailings; and allowing the in-situ treated tailings to dewater and/or consolidate in-situ in the tailings containment area.

Abstract: Techniques are described that relate to enhancing flocculation and dewatering of thick fine tailings, for example by reducing process oscillations. One example method includes dispersing a flocculant into thick fine tailings having a turbulent flow regime to produce turbulent flocculating tailings; subjecting the turbulent flocculating tailings to shear to build up flocs and increase yield stress, to produce a flocculated material having a non-turbulent flow regime; and shear conditioning the flocculated material to decrease the yield stress and produce conditioned flocculated tailings within a water release zone; and dewatering the conditioned flocculated tailings, for example by employing sub-aerial deposition. The thick fine tailings may have a Bingham Reynolds Number of at least 40,000 upon flocculant addition.

Abstract: A system and method for the treatment of wastewater. In one aspect, the invention can be a method of treating wastewater comprising: a) introducing wastewater having a first turbidity level into a wastewater treatment system; b) injecting an aqueous polymer mixture into the wastewater to flocculate suspended solids within the wastewater; and c) removing the flocculated suspended solids from the wastewater to form a treated water having a second turbidity, the second turbidity being lower than the first turbidity.

Abstract: Tablets for treating and disinfecting water, particularly for water of swimming pools and spas comprising a halogenated derivative of isocyanuric acid together with a volatile additive, chemically incompatible with the latter, encapsulated in a microporous or mesoporous material which has a certain pore size, pore volume and a specific surface. The tablets are chemically stable, while maintaining the expected activity of both the halogenated derivative of isocyanuric acid and the additive.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing iron from waste water employ one or more oxidizers, one or more treatment tanks having one or more self-generating and self-sustaining active sludge layers, and one or more spray-atomizing devices. A mixture of flowback fracturing water, or produced water, and the one or more oxidizers is spray-atomized by the spray-atomizing device inside the one or more treatment tanks. The atomized mixture settles in the one or more treatment tanks resulting in one or more self-generating and self-sustaining active sludge layers and one or more treated solutions. Additional mixtures of the flowback fracturing water, or produced water, and the one or more oxidizers may be continually spray-atomized into the one or more treatment tanks and filtered by the one or more sludge layer(s) so as to remove precipitated iron species from accumulated distillates and produce additional treated solutions for collection in one or more finish tanks.

Abstract: A process of growing a culture of cyanobacteria or algae using chitin or chitosan as a source of nitrogen for photosynthetic growth is described. This process can be used to remove pollutants from nitrogen-deficient natural waters or wastewaters including buchu mercaptan production wastewater. Biomass that results from photosynthetic growth on chitin can be used, either as whole cells or the isolated components of the cells, for a large variety of commercial purposes.

Abstract: A negative hydrogen ion intelligent filtration system includes a housing; a filtering mechanism disposed in the housing and comprising a first filter, a second filter connected to the first filter, a third filter connected to second filter, a fourth filter connected to the third filter, a fifth filter connected to the fourth filter, a sixth filter connected to the fifth filter, a seventh filter connected to the sixth filter, an eighth filter connected to the seventh filter, a ninth filter connected to the eighth filter, a tenth filter connected to the ninth filter, a eleventh filter connected to the tenth filter and a twelfth filter connected to the eleventh filter; an inflow port connected to the first filter and extending out of the housing; an outflow port connected to the twelfth filter and extending out of the housing; and a flow rate control mechanism disposed in the housing, located between the first filter and the inflow port and connecting the first filter and the inflow port.

Abstract: A method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage, the method including: 1) introducing sewage to a secondary sedimentation tank and precipitating sediments; 2) collecting a supernatant from the secondary sedimentation tank, adding a NaOH solution or a perchloric acid solution to regulate the pH; adding an H2O2 solution to the supernatant to adjust a ratio of a molar concentration of H2O2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener in the resulting mixed solution to be between 1:1 and 30:1; transferring the resulting mixed solution to a photoreactor, irradiating the mixed solution by ultraviolet light, and stirring the mixed solution for between 5 and 30 min; and adding a 1.5% w/w aqueous NaNO2 solution to the mixed solution; and 3) collecting and analyzing an effluent obtained from 2), contacting the effluent with ClO2 for reaction in a disinfecting tank, and discharging the product.

Abstract: A near-zero-release treatment system and method for high concentrated organic wastewater is in the chemical engineering and environment protection field, whose core technology is SCWO. The wastewater and sludge are grinded by the homogeneous pump, pressurized by high-pressure plunger pump, transported to successive pipeline for preheating and mixing with the oxygen and undergoes SCWO reaction in the reactor. After pressure release in the pressure relief device, the reacted fluid passes through the self-cleaning filter and gas liquid separator for insoluble solid and gas separation; then enters the MVR for crystallization of the soluble salts to realize near-zero-release of the feeding. The regular water treatment technology (coagulation sedimentation, membrane biotechnology, membrane technology, etc.) is adopted to complement SCWO, which lowers the operating parameters of the reactor and cuts the operating cost by treating the remaining COD with regular water treatment technology.

Abstract: A machine is for the manufacture of a hollow glass article that includes at least one thin side wall. The machine includes at least one molten glass parison distributor, a blank mold including a cavity designed to successively receive at least one parison of molten glass, and components that form a blank of the article in the blank mold, transfer the blank into a cavity of the finishing mold, and form the article in the finishing mold. The cavity of the finishing mold includes at least one side part provided with a concave cavity to form, on the side wall of the article, a convex bulge directed towards the exterior of the article. The machine further includes a component that removes the bulge to give the side wall of the article a substantially constant thickness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for bending and tempering a glass sheet, the method comprising: heating a flat glass sheet in a furnace for the purpose of bending and tempering; feeding a flat glass sheet by a transfer conveyor from the furnace onto a bending conveyor, when the bending conveyor is straightened; bending the bending conveyor and the glass sheet to the desired curvature; cooling the glass sheet by air blasts, when the bending conveyor and the glass sheet are at the desired curvature. The transfer conveyor transfers the glass sheet away from the furnace to the bending conveyor in the longitudinal direction of the rollers of the furnace, which is the transverse direction in relation to the direction of movement of the glass sheet in the furnace during heating. The invention also relates to a device applying the method.

Abstract: High energy density multi-layer capacitors comprise inner electrodes buried within thin layers of alkali-free glass. The multi-layer glass capacitor can be fabricated by heating a plurality of capacitor layers above the annealing temperature of the glass to thermal bond the layers together. The edge margin of the buried electrodes can be selected to provide an adequate protection level from high-voltage flashover of the multi-layer glass capacitor. For example, an edge margin of 0.125? can hold off about 10 kV in air.

Abstract: A method of producing bi-modal particles includes the steps of igniting a first precursor gas using a primary burner thereby producing a first plurality of particles of a first size, fluidly transporting the first plurality of particles down a particle tube, igniting a second precursor gas using a secondary burner thereby producing a second plurality of particles of a second size, flowing the second plurality of particles into the first plurality of particles, and capturing the first and second plurality of particles.

Abstract: A method for forming a laminated glass article may include flowing a molten first glass composition having a first R2O concentration and a first fining agent with a first fining agent concentration. The method may also include flowing a molten second glass composition having a second R2O concentration less than the first R2O concentration of the first glass composition and a second fining agent with a second fining agent concentration that is greater than or equal to the first fining agent concentration of the first glass composition. The molten first glass composition may be contacted with the molten second glass composition to form an interface between the molten first glass composition and the molten second glass composition.