Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for detecting a first medium such as sludge having a relatively low dielectric constant wherein the first medium is located below a second medium such as water having a relatively high dielectric constant. The apparatus comprises a probe adapted to launch a pulse signal at a lower extremity thereof such that the pulse signal enters the first medium before being transferred or transmitted to the second medium. The first medium may be located at or near a bottom of a vessel and the second medium may be located above the first medium. A method for detecting the first medium located below the second medium is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for seal failure annunciation comprises a process connector connected to a probe used to measure a product level in a tank. A pulse generation module generates a pulse that is propagated through a voided space in the process connector and a detector module configured to receive the echo curve from the interrogation pulse. A logic module is used to evaluate the received echo curve to determine if a seal in the process connector has failed. When the logic module indicates seal failure, an alarm module initiates an alarm indicating said seal in said process connector has failed.

Abstract: A measurement information output system comprises an input unit and an output unit. The input unit is configured to input, to an arithmetic unit, a detected force value indicating the magnitude of force detected by one or more force sensors arranged so as to receive impact by motion of a measurement target and a detected acceleration value indicating the acceleration of the measurement target detected by an acceleration sensor arranged so as to detect the acceleration of the measurement target. The arithmetic unit is configured to compute the weight of the measurement target on the basis of the detected force value and the detected acceleration value. The output unit is configured to output, as a measured weight value, the weight of the measurement target computed by the arithmetic unit.

Abstract: Provided are an acoustic sensor and a home appliance system comprising the same. The acoustic sensor comprises a communication unit, a microphone to collect an acoustic signal, a memory to store a failure acoustic signal of a home appliance, and a processor, wherein in response to the acoustic signal, collected by the microphone, corresponding to the failure acoustic signal of the home appliance, the processor transmits the collected acoustic signal, or data corresponding to the collected acoustic signal, to an external server or a terminal. Accordingly, failure of the home appliance may be easily diagnosed.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus includes a light emitting unit, a first lens, an aperture unit, a second lens, a light receiving unit, and an inspection unit. The light emitting unit emits irradiation light to an object to be inspected. The first lens changes a divergence level of the irradiation light which is emitted from the light emitting unit and is transmitted through the first lens. The aperture unit has an opening which narrows the irradiation light transmitted through the first lens. The second lens condenses the irradiation light passing through the opening, toward the object. The light receiving unit is disposed between the aperture unit and the second lens. The light receiving unit includes plural light receiving elements which receives reflected light obtained by the irradiation light being emitted to the object and then being transmitted through the second lens.

Abstract: Optical computing devices may include capacitance-based nanomaterial detectors. For example, an optical computing device may include a light source that emits electromagnetic radiation into an optical train extending from the light source to a capacitance-based nanomaterial detector; a material positioned in the optical train to optically interact with the electromagnetic radiation and produce optically interacted light; and the capacitance-based nanomaterial detector comprising one or more nano-sized materials configured to have a resonantly-tuned absorption spectrum and being configured to receive the optically interacted light, apply a vector related to the characteristic of interest to the optically interacted light using the resonantly-tuned absorption spectrum, and generate an output signal indicative of the characteristic of interest.

Abstract: A spectrograph that includes camera focusing optics with a primary mirror having a concave-shaped reflective mirror surface, a secondary mirror having a convex-shaped reflective mirror surface and positioned to receive light reflected by the primary mirror, a tertiary mirror having a concave reflective mirror surface and positioned to receive light reflected by the secondary mirror, and a field correcting lens comprising a convex lens surface in combination with a concave lens surface, wherein light received by said field correcting lens from said tertiary mirror enters said convex lens surface, traverses said field correcting lens, and exits from said concave lens surface. The optional field correcting lens is positioned such that the primary mirror, secondary mirror, tertiary mirror, and the field correcting lens share the common parent vertex axis.

Abstract: A hyperspectral calibrator comprises a composite light source disposed within a housing and including an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) and a phosphor arranged such that a first beam generated by the UV LED is transmitted through the phosphor to produce and emit a calibration beam that is spectrally continuous over a wavelength range extending from 0.4 ?m to 0.7 ?m, the housing having an output opening and configured to direct the calibration beam emitted from the composite light source to the output opening to produce a calibration beam at the output opening.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a gas barrier laminated film having high adhesion under a high-temperature working environment.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus (2) for measuring an amount of an analyte in a mixture. In one example, the apparatus (2) has a laser source (6) for generating a frequency-modulated laser beam (22). A cavity (36) receives the frequency-modulated laser beam (22) and a photodetector (46) obtains an intensity signal indicative of an interaction between the frequency-modulated laser beam (22) and the mixture. The apparatus (2) has a first demodulator (76) for producing a first demodulation signal. A frequency locking arrangement uses the first demodulation signal to lock a carrier frequency of the frequency-modulated laser beam (22) and a mode of the cavity (36) to each other. The apparatus has a second demodulator (50) for producing a second demodulation signal and for generating, on the basis of the second demodulation signal, an output indicative of the amount of the analyte in the mixture. Other apparatus and methods are described.

Abstract: An infrared (IR) detector comprises a radio frequency (RF) resonator including a bottom electrode to provide acoustic excitation, a piezoelectric layer connected to the bottom electrode and suspended over a cavity defined within a semiconductor substrate, and a top layer comprising a mid-IR metamaterial and which is connected to the piezoelectric layer of the RF resonator. The top layer and the piezoelectric layer are sized to impedance match with a particular IR wavelength, to minimize reflection and maximize absorption of a particular IR wavelength, and thus make the top layer polarization sensitive to the particular IR wavelength.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a frequency analysis processing includes: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to execute a fast Fourier transform process that includes performing a fast Fourier transform operation on data of two groups into which sensor data sensed at a first sampling frequency by a sensor is divided, and execute a change process that includes changing, in a case where results of butterfly operations of the fast Fourier transform operation are similar between the two groups, a sampling frequency at which the sensor operates to a second sampling frequency lower than the first sampling frequency.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an overheat bleed air detector includes providing a first elongate member having an inner surface that defines a plurality of grooves that extend from the first elongate member first end towards a first elongate member second end. The method further includes providing a second elongate member made of a ceramic based material and inserting the second elongate member within the first elongate member. An outer surface of the second elongate member is spaced apart from the inner surface of the first elongate member. The method still further includes inserting a center wire within the second elongate member.

Abstract: A thermocouple assembly for measuring the temperature of a pipe, comprises a pipe clamp having a pair of dissimilar metal strips mounted therein to contact a pipe held in the pipe clamp. A thermocouple reading instrument is connected to the metal strips to indicate the temperature of the pipe.

Abstract: A heat radiation-resistant NTC temperature sensor comprises a measurement rod which is in contact with a plane of an object to be measured. A cavity for accommodating a thermistor is provided in an axial direction of the measurement rod, and the thermistor is in close contact with an upper wall of the cavity of the measurement rod. The thermistor is connected to an external detection device through a wire. The temperature sensor can be used for temperature measurement of a pan bottom, and it has an accurate temperature measurement and a high reaction speed, and it can prevent surrounding heat radiation from affecting the temperature measurement.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device, a process for manufacturing the device, and a system for measuring an impact point incorporating the device. According to one aspect, a temperature measuring device includes a thin film sheet made of magneto-metallic material such that, in use and the presence of an applied magnetic field, a change of temperature in one region of the sheet generates an electric voltage in the region, the generated electric voltage being readable through means for reading electric voltage corresponding to the region. According to another aspect, there is a process for manufacturing the device. According to yet another aspect, there is a system for measuring an impact point, of radiation or particles, incorporating the device.

Abstract: The inventive configurable chiral fiber sensor with a tip-positioned sensing element, is readily configurable for use in a variety of applications (such as applications involving pressure, temperature, and even axial twist sensing), and is particularly suitable for applications requiring highly precise and accurate sensor readings within corresponding predefined limited sensing ranges. Advantageously, the inventive configurable chiral fiber sensor with a tip-positioned sensing element, is operable to utilize a wide variety of light sources, photodetectors, and related devices for sensor interrogation.

Abstract: A force sensor device for determination of a measurement value of a force and generation of an electrical signal based on the measurement value includes a force ring with a force application surface and a support surface for support of a circuit board, on which passive and active electronic components are arranged. The circuit board is mechanically or adhesively fixated on the support surface. At least one force transducer is electrically connected with the circuit board, and arranged and configured at the force ring in such a way that deformations of the force ring, as a result of an axial force applied on the force ring, are measured. A housing lid is connected with the force ring, so that the force ring and the housing lid enclose the circuit board and the force transducer. Also provided is an external connection for picking up an electrical signal.

Abstract: A present invention provides a device capable of properly measuring the capacitance of a dielectric elastomer by variably manipulating the voltage applied to the dielectric elastomer. A capacitance estimating unit 22 acquires current detection values at a plurality of sampling times in a current reduction period in which, when an output voltage of a power source 10 changes, an energizing current of a dielectric elastomer 1 increases and then gradually decreases according to the change in the output voltage, and estimates the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer 1 on the basis of a model representing a correlation between the time-dependent change of the energizing current and the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer 1 in the current reduction period, and the current detection values.

Abstract: A stress detector for detecting an in-situ stress profile of an electrode has a liquid cell, a holder configured to attach to one end of a sample electrode so that the sample electrode is cantilevered in the liquid cell, a piezo sensor comprising a piezo material in the liquid cell and having a movable end configured to contact the sample electrode and a fixed end fixedly engaged within the liquid cell and a measurement sensor in contact with the piezo sensor.

Abstract: We disclose a tactile sensing instrumented wafer, which may comprise a substrate; and at least one tactile sensor array disposed on a top surface of the substrate. The at least one tactile sensor array may comprise carbon nanotubes or a piezoelectric transducer. In further embodiments, the instrumented wafer may further comprise a power supply; a memory; a communications interface; and a controller. An instrumented wafer in accordance with embodiments herein may detect both downforce and lateral forces impinging on the wafer, and may be used in a semiconductor device manufacturing system.

Abstract: A transparent force sensor for detecting an applied force on a surface of a device. The transparent force sensor includes a transparent force-sensitive film having an array of strain-relief features oriented along a first direction. The transparent force-sensitive film is formed from a transparent piezoelectric material that exhibits a substantially reduced net charge when strained along a primary direction. The force sensor also includes a display element disposed on one side of the transparent force-sensitive film.

Abstract: A nanoparticle sensor apparatus includes a silicon-based nanoparticle having a centrosymmetric crystalline structure. A lanthanide atom embedded within the silicon-based nanoparticle provides light emission when the sensor apparatus undergoes pressure loading. This sensor apparatus may be encapsulated in a polymer matrix to form a nanoparticle sensor matrix apparatus which may be located on or in a structure. To measure the pressure on such a structure, a UV light source illuminates the sensor apparatus. An optical emission detector detects the intensity of light emitted from the sensor in response, while a processor correlates that intensity to the pressure loading.

Abstract: A method may include transmitting a narrowband signal into a formation using a transmitter located in a wellbore. The narrowband signal is modified by passage of through the formation and the formation reflects at least a portion of the narrowband signal back to the wellbore resulting in a modified narrowband signal having a first frequency. The method also includes sensing the modified narrowband signal with an optical waveguide positioned in the wellbore, transmitting a source signal along a length of the optical waveguide, and obtaining a backscattered return signal from the optical waveguide. The backscattered return signal is sampled at a second frequency that is less than the Nyquist rate of the modified narrowband signal. The method further includes processing the backscattered return signal to obtain an amplitude of the modified narrowband signal.

Abstract: The invention deals with a measuring apparatus (1) comprising a body (11) with an interior (114) and an opening for accessing the interior (114) from outside the body (11), a rigid plunger (12) having an edge (1212) being identically shaped as an edge of a opening of a target vial, and a force sensor (13). The rigid plunger (12) extends though the opening of the body (11) into the interior (114) of the body (11). The edge (1212) of the rigid plunger (12) is arranged outside the body (11). The force sensor (13) is arranged in the interior (114) of the body (11). The rigid plunger (12) is movable relative to the body (11) and is coupled to the force sensor (13). The apparatus (1) can be used for measuring a force acting on the edge of the opening of the target vial for optimizing the adjustment of a vial closure facility.

Abstract: A capacitive force sensor includes a base body, a diaphragm body, two spacers arranged between the base body and the diaphragm body, the two spacers supporting the diaphragm body on the base body, a free end formed by the diaphragm body projecting beyond one of the two spacers, a cavity formed between the diaphragm body and the base body in a region between the two spacers so that the diaphragm body bends when a force acts on the diaphragm body in the region between the two spacers, a first electrode arranged at the free end, a second electrode arranged on the base body, and an electrical contact device which makes an electrical contact with the first and second electrode. The first and second electrode define a precision capacitance meter with a measuring capacitance which changes with an action of the force.

Abstract: A 2-stage force measuring system particularly useful for a high capacity press. A first stage load cell provides a high force range for measurements over 1,000 lbs. A second stage load cell is for measurements below 1,000 lbs. The assembly improves sensitivity and reduces noise by a factor of 16 (16,000 pounds/1,000 pounds) when pressing less than 1,000 pounds. If a press cycle exceeds 1,000 pounds, the force monitor will automatically and seamlessly transition from the low range load cell to the high range load cell. If the force required is less than 1,000 pounds, only the low range load cell will detect the load, providing a dramatic improvement in force resolution and accuracy.

Abstract: A system for analysing an energy efficiency of a vehicle having at least one drive device which is configured to generate mechanical drive force by converting energy, wherein the system has a first device, in particular a sensor, configured for detecting a first data record of at least one first parameter which is suitable for characterizing energy which is consumed by the vehicle, a second device, in particular a sensor, configured for detecting a second data record of at least one second parameter which is suitable for characterizing a driving resistance which the vehicle overcomes, a third device, in particular a sensor, configured for detecting a third data record of at least one third parameter which is suitable for characterizing at least one driving state of the vehicle, a first comparison device, which is in particular part of a data processing device, configured for comparing the values of the third data record with predefined parameter ranges which correspond to at least one driving state, an assign

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes an elongate body which deforms in response to an applied pressure having a cavity formed therein. An isolation diaphragm seals the cavity from a process fluid and is configured to deflect in response to applied process pressure from the process fluid. An isolation fill fluid in the cavity applies pressure to the elongate body in response to deflection of the isolation diaphragm thereby causing deflection of the elongate body. A deformation sensor is coupled to the elongate body and provides a sensor output in response to deformation of the elongate body which is indicative of the process pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the internal pressure of a pipe or container is disclosed. The apparatus includes an acoustical transmitter (Tx1) mounted on a wall (1) of said pipe or container and a signal generator (2) connected to said transmitter and which is adapted to provide a signal to the transmitter. The signal from the transmitter is detected by two receivers (Rx1, Rx2) mounted on said pipe or container in a distance from said transmitter (Tx1). A processing unit (3) is connected to said transmitter and receivers, the processing unit being adapted to measure the travel time of an acoustical signal propagating between two receivers in the wall (i) and determine the pressure inside the pipe or container from said travel time.

Abstract: A thermal type vacuum gauge is disclosed herein and includes a first floating structure, a second floating structure, a first cavity and a second cavity. The first floating structure is formed by the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer, and the first sensing resistor. The second floating structure is formed by the second insulating layer, and the second sensing resistor. The first cavity and the second cavity are respectively formed below the first floating structure and the second floating structure. The thermal type vacuum gauge is implemented in a measurement circuit having a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor. The first sensing resistor and the second sensing resistor are respectively implemented to be as at least two of the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor and the fourth resistor of the measurement circuit.

Abstract: There is provided a pressure measuring device including: a first pressure gauge connected to a processing chamber configured to process a process target and configured to measure an internal pressure of the processing chamber when the process target is being processed; a second pressure gauge connected to the processing chamber; and a first switching valve configured to disconnect the second pressure gauge from the processing chamber when the process target is being processed inside the processing chamber.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for estimating the center of gravity of a walking rehabilitation robot, the system being provided with: a sensor module for estimating the point of the center of gravity, and provided with: a sensor unit mounted on a footplate to sense the pressure when a person walks; output means for outputting a voltage value corresponding to preset conditions according to a pressure signal sensed by the sensor module; and estimating means for calculating an angle value corresponding to the voltage value outputted by the output means, and estimating the center of gravity, wherein a body center can be estimated by obtaining an accurate detection using a small-sized system that has a relatively low-cost sensor module installed therein.

Abstract: A robust pipeline leak detection system allows the operator to take timely corrective action to the problem, minimizing leakage of the fluids contained in the pipeline to the environment. The wireless sensor network system disclosed in this invention detects the presence of a leak by various sensors including acoustic sensors distributed along a pipeline system. The sensors are connected to the wireless sensor network. An advantage of this system is that it is possible to deploy the leak detection system on existing buried pipelines without significant excavation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method of using same for testing the airtightness of surfaces, the apparatus having an air pump in fluid communication with an input port and an output port, so as to induce an airflow from said input port to said output port, said airflow driven by a differential air pressure generated by said air pump, a gaseous suspension source disposed within said air pressure generator so as to entrain a gaseous suspension in said airflow so as to create an entrained suspension, and a conduit in fluid communication with said output port configured to constrain a flow of said entrained suspension therethrough so as to deliver said entrained suspension under pressure through an applicator port distal to said output port.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring pressure differences in different premises of a building, in which the pressure difference is measured by means of one or more sensors (2) that measure absolute pressure. The measurement results obtained from the sensors (2) are combined with information on the efficiency of the ventilation of the building, and the pressure difference caused by ventilation is mathematically separated from the measurement result by making use of information on the ventilation efficiency at any one time.

Abstract: A method for performing a leak-tightness test on a test object (16) in a foil chamber (10) which has at least one flexible wall region (12, 14), having the steps: using a gas or gas constituent contained in the test object as test gas for the leak-tightness test, introducing the test object into the foil chamber, evacuating the foil chamber to a pressure lower than the test gas pressure within the test object and than atmospheric pressure, introducing a carrier gas into the foil chamber into the region outside the test object, and measuring the test gas concentration of the gas mixture that forms in the foil chamber in the region outside the test object.

Abstract: An article under test, such as a wing or other aerodynamic component of an aircraft, is load tested by applying a desired load at a desired angle. When a change in attitude of the article under test is determined, a position of a load mechanism that provides the load to the article under test is changed in real time to maintain the desired angle. The load may also be dynamically adjusted according to the position of the article under test.

Abstract: Light output from a light source is distributed to intensity modulators that are associated with different spatial modes and that have different modulation conditions. An operation for receiving modulated light from each of the intensity modulators is performed for SDM fibers of different lengths while the light source is in operation, and pieces of optical power information are determined for respective spatial modes to be measured, from difference information regarding the lengths and the received optical powers.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method and a computer program for assessing the condition of rotating machinery connected to an electric motor, where the motor (MM) and the rotating machine (RM) comprise a drive train electrically powered from a three phase motor and motor is connected with a computing device. The invention is characterized in that is comprises the step of classifying the condition of rotating machine (RM) connected to the electric motor (MM) of a drive train with unknown condition, by analyzing all the extracted representative features obtained from the electric signals acquired from the electric motor (MM) of said drive train, by using a, trained neural network whose twining was conducted by analyzing the extracted features from N different drive trains of N conditions, where said trained neural network data is stored in unit (3.5) of the computing device (CD, CD?) and next generating an output vector (Z=[Z1, . . .

Abstract: A target reaching rotational speed set during a torque phase is set to a value higher than an actual engine rotational speed, the value being higher as one of a vehicle acceleration and an engine rotational speed gradient is larger. That is, as the acceleration is steeper, the target reaching rotational speed is set to a value closer to an upper limit rotational speed or rotational speeds proximate thereto. Thus, a display rotational speed displayed on a tachometer at the end of the torque phase becomes high rotational speed. Accordingly, there is provided a display control device for a vehicle that enables a driver to feel the use of engine performance to the limit.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a system is presented. The system includes a casing, a combustor disposed within the casing, and a sensing device located on the casing and configured to sense a plurality of acoustic emission waves and generate an electrical signal based on the sensed plurality of acoustic emission waves. The system further includes a processing subsystem operationally coupled to the sensing device and configured to determine one or more features based on the electrical signal, and determine a presence or an absence of fretting wear in the combustor based at least on the one or more features.

Abstract: A field deployable, portable structured light measurement (SLM) apparatus, together with a structured light measurement process to manage part to part variation in production and in the field, to support both rotor airfoil mistuning and rotor airfoil repair limits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aerosol sampling system operating at a high temperature and pressure, and in particular to a system which is able to sample and analyze an aerosol. The present invention aims to provide a system which is able to carry out measurements, for example, a sampling, an analysis, etc. at a high temperature and pressure, which was unavailable in the past since there is not any aerosol measuring system to sample and analyze at a high temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A sampling apparatus includes a pressure-reducing safety unit, which includes a device accommodation chamber that accommodates safety devices and a cylinder connection chamber, and a cylinder unit. The cylinder unit removably accommodates a cylinder, excluding an exposed portion where a front end portion of the cylinder, a mouthpiece, and a cylinder on-off valve are exposed, in an openable/closable casing. The exposed portion of the cylinder is formed so as to be insertable from the open surface portion of the cylinder connection chamber into the cylinder connection chamber, the mouthpiece of the cylinder and a hydrogen outlet of a supply pipe of the device accommodation chamber are connected by using a flexible hose, and thereby a sample of hydrogen gas is taken into the cylinder.

Abstract: Microfluidic devices and methods for investigating crystallization and/or for controlling a reaction or a phase transition are disclosed. In one embodiment, the microfluidic device includes a reservoir layer; a membrane disposed on the reservoir layer; a wetting control layer disposed on the membrane; and a storage layer disposed on the wetting control layer, wherein the wetting control layer and the storage layer define a microfluidic channel comprising an upstream portion, a downstream portion, a first fluid path in communication with the upstream and the downstream portions, and a storage well positioned within the first fluid path, wherein the wetting control layer includes a fluid passageway in communication with the storage well and the membrane, and wherein the wetting control layer wets a first fluid introduced into the microfluidic channel, the first fluid comprising a hydrophilic, lipophilic, fluorophilic or gas phase as the continuous phase in the microfluidic channel.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and kits directed towards collecting and preparing cells using a separable sample collection layer may be configured to collect or treat cells from a liquid sample with mechanisms for easy transfer of the cells prior to analysis or imaging. The separable sample collection layer may comprise a porous membrane that cells may be collected on, and one or more support layers comprising tape with one or more adhesive coatings and release liner. The devices, methods and kits may be configured with support layers comprising cutouts that form vertically or horizontally oriented microchannels for efficiently removing undesirable liquid. Following collection and/or treatment, cells collected onto the porous membrane may be adhered to another surface for further processing or analysis.

Abstract: A method for capturing rare cells in blood allows for the preparation of a sample containing the capture of rare cells in blood suitable for a downstream. A method for capturing rare cells in blood includes isolating rare cells in blood from blood, the method including a step of removing white blood cells from the blood after blood filtration using a filter.

Abstract: A cryogenic tissue sample embedding storage system belongs to the field of cryopreservation of biological tissue samples, which in particular, relates to a cryogenic tissue sample embedding storage system. The present invention provides a cryogenic tissue sample embedding storage system that can avoid the confusion of samples, prevent damage to identifier information in the cutting process, and has high embedding efficiency. The present invention comprises an embedded label, a label cover, and an embedding base, and in terms of its structure, the embedding base is provided with a groove structure for placing and limiting the position of the embedded label, and an embedding enclosure wall flexibly connected to the embedding base is disposed above the groove structure.

Abstract: A method for determining material parameters includes applying a character grid over a planar sample, clamping the planar sample in a frame in accordance with directions of orthotropy of the planar sample; collecting a first set of data that describes a first position of the character grid; applying predetermined normal and shear stresses to the planar sample thereby bringing the planar sample into a deformed state and changing the position of the character grid; collecting a second set of data that describes a second position of the character grid, determining a relative position change of the character grid by correlating the collected first set of data and the second set of data; determining a relative displacement and a current distortion state of the planar sample; determining a deformation equilibrium of the deformed state of the planar sample; and calculating the material parameters from the deformation equilibrium.