Abstract: An apparatus computes first locations of a satellite for several points in time based on a first set of parameters values broadcast by the satellite for a first validity period and second locations of the satellite for these points in time based on a second set of parameter values with associated second validity period. The first or second validity period is extended by an equation of motion, which includes forces acting on the satellite. The apparatus computes a value of an error component for points in time by comparing first with second locations and fits parameter values of a model to the values of the error component to obtain a model of a time-evolution of values of the error component. The apparatus provides the model of the time-evolution as a basis for a correction of locations of the satellite that are computed based on the first set of parameter values.

Abstract: A wide-lane ambiguity and a respective satellite wide-lane bias are determined for the collected phase measurements for each satellite for assistance in narrow-lane ambiguity resolution. Satellite correction data is determined for each satellite in an orbit solution based on the collected raw phase and code measurements and determined orbital narrow-lane ambiguity and respective orbital satellite narrow-lane bias. A slow satellite clock correction is determined based on the satellite orbital correction data, the collected raw phase and code measurements, and clock narrow-lane ambiguity and respective satellite narrow-lane bias.

Abstract: A satellite corrections generation system receives reference receiver measurement information from a plurality of reference receivers at established locations. In accordance with the received reference receiver measurement information, and established locations of the reference receivers, the system determines wide-lane navigation solutions for the plurality of reference receivers. The system also determines clusters of single-difference (SD) wide-lane ambiguity values, each cluster comprising pairs of SD wide-lane floating ambiguities for respective pairs of satellites. A satellite wide-lane bias value for each satellite of a plurality of satellites is initially determined in accordance with fractional portions of the SD wide-lane floating ambiguities in the clusters, and then periodically updated by applying SD wide-lane integer constraints in a Kalman filter.

Abstract: A satellite corrections generation system receives reference receiver measurement information from a plurality of reference receivers at established locations. In accordance with the received reference receiver measurement information, and established locations of the reference receivers, the system determines narrow-lane navigation solutions for the plurality of reference receivers. The system also determines clusters of single-difference (SD) narrow-lane floating ambiguities, each cluster comprising pairs of SD narrow-lane floating ambiguities for respective pairs of satellites. A satellite narrow-lane bias value for each satellite of a plurality of satellites is initially determined in accordance with fractional portions of the SD narrow-lane floating ambiguities in the clusters, and then periodically updated by a Kalman filter.

Abstract: A satellite corrections generation system receives reference receiver measurement information from a plurality of reference receivers at established locations. In accordance with the received reference receiver measurement information, and established locations of the reference receivers, the system determines wide-lane navigation solutions for the plurality of reference receivers. The system also determines clusters of single-difference (SD) wide-lane floating ambiguities. A satellite wide-lane bias value for each satellite of a plurality of satellites is initially determined in accordance with fractional portions of the SD wide-lane floating ambiguities in the clusters and over-range adjustment criteria. A set of navigation satellite corrections for each satellite, including the satellite wide-lane bias value for each satellite, is generated and transmitted to navigation receivers for use in determining locations of the navigation receivers.

Abstract: A satellite corrections generation system receives reference receiver measurement information from a plurality of reference receivers at established locations. In accordance with the received reference receiver measurement information, and established locations of the reference receivers, the system determines narrow-lane navigation solutions for the plurality of reference receivers. The system also determines, in accordance with the narrow-lane navigation solutions, at a first update rate, an orbit correction for each satellite of a plurality of satellites; at a second update rate, a clock correction for each such satellite; and at a third update rate that is faster than the second update rate, an update to the clock correction for each such satellite. Further, the system generates navigation satellite corrections for each such satellite, including the orbit correction updated at the first update rate, and the clock correction that is updated at the third update rate.

Abstract: Example methods disclosed herein include accessing carrier phase measurements and code measurements obtained for a plurality of satellite signals of a global navigation satellite system. Disclosed example methods also include determining an initial set of floating-point ambiguities based on the measurements, the initial set of floating-point ambiguities including inter-frequency bias (IFB). Disclosed example methods further include performing a least squares search process based on the initial set of floating-point ambiguities to determine a set of integer ambiguities and an estimate of the IFB. In some examples, an additional (e.g., wide-lane) filter is used to realize a combination of carrier phase and code IFB. In some examples, IFB estimation is further realized by determining a median of IFB estimates over a window time. In some examples, the resulting IFB estimate and the set of integer ambiguities are used to estimate a position of a receiver, determine a satellite correction signal, etc.

Abstract: A satellite navigation receiver and associated methods are described that can provide improved integer ambiguity resolution and more accurate positioning information. A modified BIE process may be utilized to enable the receiver to perform the integer ambiguity resolution more optimally. The output of the modified BIE process may be time-domain smoothed to provide a solution which is smoother in ambiguity space, and therefore also provide a position solution that is smoother in time. Transitions between an ambiguity-determined solution to a float solution, when necessary, may be smoothed in time. A weighting scheme may dynamically blend the ambiguity-determined solution and the float solution to leverage the advantages of both solutions, such as faster pull-in, higher accuracy, and more stable and smooth performance.

Abstract: A satellite navigation receiver and associated methods are described that can provide improved integer ambiguity resolution and more accurate positioning information. A modified BIE process may be utilized to enable the receiver to perform the integer ambiguity resolution more optimally. The output of the modified BIE process may be time-domain smoothed to provide a solution which is smoother in ambiguity space, and therefore also provide a position solution that is smoother in time. Transitions between an ambiguity-determined solution to a float solution, when necessary, may be smoothed in time. A weighting scheme may dynamically blend the ambiguity-determined solution and the float solution to leverage the advantages of both solutions, such as faster pull-in, higher accuracy, and more stable and smooth performance.

Abstract: A satellite navigation receiver and associated methods are described that can provide improved integer ambiguity resolution and more accurate positioning information. A modified BIE process may be utilized to enable the receiver to perform the integer ambiguity resolution more optimally. The output of the modified BIE process may be time-domain smoothed to provide a solution which is smoother in ambiguity space, and therefore also provide a position solution that is smoother in time. Transitions between an ambiguity-determined solution to a float solution, when necessary, may be smoothed in time. A weighting scheme may dynamically blend the ambiguity-determined solution and the float solution to leverage the advantages of both solutions, such as faster pull-in, higher accuracy, and more stable and smooth performance.

Abstract: A real-time kinematic (RTK) filter uses the backup data to estimate a relative position vector between the mobile receiver at the first measurement time and the mobile receiver at the second measurement time and to provide recovery data associated with a satellite-differenced double-difference estimation for the mobile receiver between the first measurement time and the second measurement time. A navigation positioning estimator can apply the relative position vector, the backup data, the recovery data from the RTK filter, and received correction data with precise clock and orbit information on the satellite signals, as inputs, constraints, or both for convergence or resolution of wide-lane and narrow-lane ambiguities, and determination of a precise position, in accordance with a precise positioning algorithm.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for measuring a position. The method for measuring a position includes: determining a GPS satellite visible area and a GPS satellite invisible area depending on whether or not an area is an area in which a predetermined number or more of GPS satellites are observable; measuring a position of a moving object on the basis of a first position measuring scheme using GPS satellites in the case in which the moving object enters the GPS satellite visible area; and measuring the position of the moving object on the basis of at least one of the first position measuring scheme and a second position measuring scheme other than the first position measuring scheme in the case in which the moving object enters the GPS satellite invisible area.

Abstract: Methods and mobile devices with electric vehicle transportation detection are provided. A representative method includes: determining whether GPS locations, based on GPS signals from the GPS receiver, are indicative of the mobile device moving; determining, based on a set of the magnetism signals from the magnetic sensor, whether the sensed magnetism corresponds to a predetermined magnetism threshold, if the GPS locations are not indicative of moving; and if the sensed magnetism corresponds to the predetermined magnetism threshold, setting a status of the mobile device to an in-moving-electric-vehicle status, and turning off the GPS receiver and the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: There is provided a method for at least partly determining the orientation of an edge-on x-ray detector with respect to the direction of x-rays from an x-ray source. The method includes obtaining (S1) information from measurements, performed by the x-ray detector, representing the intensity of the x-rays at a minimum of two different relative positions of a phantom in relation to the x-ray detector and the x-ray source, the phantom being situated between the x-ray source and the x-ray detector and designed to embed directional information in the x-ray field when exposed to x-rays. The method also includes determining (S2) at least one parameter associated with the orientation of the x-ray detector with respect to the direction of x-rays based on the obtained information from measurements and a geometrical model of the spatial configuration of the x-ray detector, x-ray source and phantom.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus comprises a planar radiation detecting panel in which a plurality of detecting units are arranged in a two-dimensional array; an output circuit that drives driving signal lines for driving the detecting units; a readout circuit that reads, via image signal lines, a signal from the detecting units; a conductive layer arranged close to the radiation detecting panel; a first connecting member that connects the ground of the readout circuit and the conductive layer; and a second connecting member that connects the conductive layer and wiring for providing a drive-off bias to the driving signal lines. The first connecting member is connected to the radiation detecting panel in a position between ¼ and ¾ of a length of a side of the radiation detecting panel to which the readout circuit is connected.

Abstract: A detector apparatus includes a scattered radiation grid; a scintillator unit for converting X-rays into a light quantity; an evaluation unit for converting the light quantity into electric signals; and a module-receiving appliance. The scintillator unit and the scattered radiation grid are mechanically connected to the module-receiving appliance via a first connection and the evaluation unit is mechanically connected to the module-receiving appliance via a second connection, independent of the first connection. The evaluation unit, the scintillator unit and the scattered radiation grid are aligned with respect to one another such that light quantity, when emitted from sub-regions of the scintillator unit, is registered by sub-regions of the evaluation unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus suitable for detecting X-ray, the apparatus comprising: a first substrate comprising a plurality of first electric contacts; a first chip layer comprising a plurality of first chips, wherein each of the first chips comprises a first electrode and is bonded to the first substrate such that the first electrode is electrically connected to at least one of the first electrical contacts; a second substrate comprising a plurality of second electric contacts; and a second chip layer comprising a plurality of second chips, wherein each of the second chips comprises a second electrode and is bonded to the second substrate such that the second electrode is electrically connected to at least one of the second electrical contacts, wherein the first chip layer and the second chip layer are bonded to each other such that at least two second chips are bonded to a same first chip.

Abstract: There is provided a detector module (1) for a modular x-ray detector, wherein the detector module (1) includes multiple x-ray detector substrates (10) and associated anti-scatter collimators (20). Each x-ray detector substrate (10) has a number of detector diodes, and each x-ray detector substrate has an associated anti-scatter collimator (20). Each x-ray detector substrate (10) has an integrated circuit (30) for collecting x-ray signals from the diodes attached to the x-ray detector substrate at the bottom of the x-ray detector substrate assuming the top is where the x-rays enter, and the associated anti-scatter collimator (20) is placed above the integrated circuit (30).

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a block of a material capable of interacting with ionizing radiation to produce charge carriers, an inductor positioned adjacent to the block and having an inductance that depends on a number of the charge carriers in the block, and a sensing circuit coupled to sense a change in the inductance and detect the ionizing radiation base on the change. The sensing circuit may particularly contain an RF synthesizer that drives the inductance, e.g., an LC circuit containing the inductance, and an analyzer that detects changes in the response of the inductance.

Abstract: A radiation detector assembly is provided that includes a semiconductor detector having a surface, plural pixelated anodes, and at least one processor. The pixelated anodes are disposed on the surface. Each pixelated anode is configured to generate a primary signal responsive to reception of a photon by the pixelated anode and to generate at least one secondary signal responsive to an induced charge caused by reception of a photon by at least one adjacent anode. The at least one processor is operably coupled to the pixelated anodes. The at least one processor configured to define sub-pixels for each pixelated anode; acquire signals corresponding to acquisition events from the pixelated anodes; determine sub-pixel locations for the acquisition events using the signals; and apply at least one calibration parameter on a per sub-pixel basis for the acquisition events based on the determined sub-pixel locations.

Abstract: A technique includes towing at least one seismic source in connection with a survey of a structure; and operating the seismic source(s) to fire shots, where each shot is associated with a frequency sweep. The technique includes varying phases of the frequency sweeps from shot to shot according to a predetermined phase sequence to allow noise in an energy sensed by seismic sensors to be attenuated.

Abstract: Oilfield and wellbore data may include geophone data (seismic) and airborne surveys such as microseep data, as well as fiber optic measurements collected utilizing a distributed sensing system. Continuous monitoring of various oilfield and wellbore properties, such as temperature, pressure, Bragg gradient, acoustic, and strain, and the like, may generate a large volume of data, possibly spanning into several terabytes. Embodiments of the present invention provide techniques for visualizing a large volume of such measurements taken in an oilfield or wellbore without down-sampling measurement data.

Abstract: A method including selecting a forward model based on a modeled well structure and including a single modeled acoustic source located in a modeled wellbore and a plurality of modeled acoustic sensors located in a modeled source area, simulating an acoustic signal generated by the single modeled acoustic source and received by each modeled acoustic sensor, calculating phases of the simulated acoustic signals received at each modeled acoustic sensor, obtaining with a principle of reciprocity a plurality of modeled acoustic sources in the modeled source area and a single modeled acoustic sensor in the modeled wellbore, calculating phase delays of the simulated acoustic signals between each modeled acoustic source and the single modeled acoustic sensor, detecting acoustic signals generated by a flow of fluid using acoustic sensors in a wellbore, and processing the acoustic signals using the phase delays to generate a flow likelihood map.

Abstract: A method for estimating a fluid pressure required to stimulate a subsurface formation includes using seismic signals detected by a plurality of seismic sensors disposed proximate the subsurface formation. Spatial positions and times of origin (“hypocenters”) of each of a plurality of microseismic events induced by pumping fluid into the subsurface formation are estimated. Magnitudes and directions of principal stresses are estimated from the hypocenters and from amplitude and phase of the detected seismic signals for each of the microseismic events. Shear and normal stresses of induced fractures are from the estimated principal stresses. A fluid pressure required to cause formation failure on each fracture is estimated using the estimated shear and normal stresses.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to methods and systems to evaluate noise contend of seismic data received during a marine survey. The seismic data includes pressure and particle motion data generated by collocated pressure and particle motion sensors of a seismic data acquisition system. The pressure and particle motion data are cross ghosted and temporal and spatial wavelet transforms are applied to the cross-ghosted pressure and particle motion data in order to compute pressure energies and particle motion energies in temporal and spatial scales of a temporal and spatial scale domain. The pressure and particle motion energies may be compared to evaluate noise content in the pressure and particle motion data, evaluate changes in the noise content during the marine survey, and adjust marine survey parameters to reduce the noise content.

Abstract: A method for obtaining zero-offset and near zero offset seismic data from a marine survey, with separation of direct arrival information and reflectivity information, the method including: modeling a direct arrival estimate at a passive near-field hydrophone array by using a notional source separation on active near-field hydrophone data; generating reflection data for the passive near-field hydrophone array by subtraction of the modeled direct wave from data recorded by the passive near-field hydrophone array; generating near zero-offset reflectivity traces by stacking the reflection data for the passive near-field hydrophone array on a string-by-string basis or on a combination of strings basis; generating reflectivity information at the active near-field hydrophone array by subtracting the direct arrival estimate modeled using the notional source separation from the active near-field hydrophone data; and generating an estimate of zero-offset reflectivity traces by calculating a cross-correlation between th

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing data acquired using a variable-depth streamer, obtain up-going and down-going wavefields at a predetermined datum, and use them to identify multiples included in the up-going wavefield. An image of a geological formation under the seabed is then generated using the data from which the multiples have been removed, and/or the multiples.

Abstract: A method for steering a marine seismic acquisition system by determining a steering point associated with towed seismic equipment is described. Coverage boundaries for a current line in a seismic survey and for an already acquired adjacent line in the seismic survey are computed. Cross-line distances between the coverage boundary for the current line and the coverage boundary for the adjacent line are computed based on a set of specifications for the seismic survey. A steering point associated with towed seismic equipment is determined based on the computed cross-line distances. A least one steering command for a steering element in the marine seismic acquisition system is generated based on the determined steering point.

Abstract: An apparatus for acquiring seismic wave data includes a network of geophones and a seismic wave data receiving device coupled to the network and configured to receive the seismic wave data as an optical signal and process the seismic data in real time to provide locations and corresponding sizes of fractures in an earth formation. The network of geophones includes: a plurality of geophone channels, each channel having an array of geophones coupled to a field digitizer unit; an array of geophone patches having geophone channels connected in series by a metallic conductor; a plurality of geophone branches having a metallic conductor and a branch digitizer unit to connect geophone patches in series; a plurality of electrical to optical signal converters for converting signals received from branch digitizer units for transmission using an optical fiber; and a plurality of optical fiber segments for transmitting optical signals to the receiving device.

Abstract: A sensor system for use in a wellbore is provided that can include a piezoelectric transducer for transmitting an acoustic wave into a fluid medium positioned in the wellbore by repeatedly bending between two positions in response to an actuation signal. The piezoelectric transducer can include at least four piezoelectric layers stacked on top of one another. Each of the four piezoelectric layers can be coupled to an adjacent layer via a bonding material. Each of the four piezoelectric layers can include a piezoelectric material, a top electrode coupled to a top surface of the piezoelectric material, and a bottom electrode coupled to a bottom surface of the piezoelectric material. The sensor system can also include a hydrophone for detecting a reflection or a refraction of the acoustic wave off an object in the wellbore and transmitting an associated signal to a processing device.

Abstract: Provided is a power receiving device including a power receiving coil which receives power supplied by electromagnetic waves, and a measurement coil which is disposed near the power receiving coil and measures an electromagnetic field.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for evaluating an earth formation. Apparatus include an electrically conducting tubular; at least one transmitter configured to propagate an electromagnetic field in the earth formation; and at least one receiver configured to receive an electromagnetic signal resulting from interaction of an electromagnetic field with said earth formation. The at least one transmitter and at least one receiver may employ antenna assemblies comprising: a recess in the conducting tubular defined by at least one radially extending surface substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the conducting tubular and non-radially extending surfaces; an antenna in the recess; and conductive shielding, the conductive shielding having a conductivity significantly more than a conductivity of the conducting tubular and covering the whole of each of the plurality of radially extending surfaces.

Abstract: An example system includes an electrode-based tool for deployment in a downhole environment. The electrode-based tool has a plurality of current electrodes, at least one voltage monitoring electrode, at least one return electrode, and electronics to collect one or more voltage measurements from the at least one voltage monitoring electrode as current from at least one of the plurality of current electrodes is injected into the downhole environment and flows to the at least one return electrode. The system also includes at least one processor to estimate leakage current between at least one of the plurality of current electrodes and the at least one return electrode based on the collected one or more voltage measurements and a predetermined internal impedance model or table. The at least one processor is configured to derive a corrected downhole environment parameter based at least in part on the estimated leakage current.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a tool mandrel having a tool axis, and a plurality of coils are collocated about the tool mandrel and each include a plurality of windings wrapped about the tool mandrel. A soft magnetic band radially interposes the plurality of coils and the tool mandrel and includes a plurality of inserts that form two or more annular arrays axially spaced from each other and extend about the tool mandrel at an angle orthogonal to the tool axis. The inserts in each annular array are circumferentially spaced from each other.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and article of manufacture, may operate to parameterize a geological formation in terms of initial earth model parameters, and generate predicted data by simulating a tool response using earth model parameters. Further activity may include determining a difference between calibrated data and the predicted data; and simultaneously adjusting calibration parameters and the earth model parameters such that the difference between them satisfies selected convergence criteria, so that a controlled device can be operated according to at least one of updated calibration parameters, updated calibrated data, or updated earth model parameters. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatuses are provided for evaluating an image quality of an image produced by an x-ray computed tomography (CT) system.

Abstract: The invention provides a device (100) for screening one or more items (101,1806) of freight or baggage for one or more types of target material, the device comprising: a source (200, 201,1800) of incident radiation (204,206,1804) configured to irradiate the one or more items (101,1806); a plurality of detectors (202,209,1807, 301) adapted to detect packets of radiation (205,207,1700) emanating from within or passing through the one or more items (101, 1806) as a result of the irradiation by the incident radiation (204, 206, 1804), each detector being configured to produce an electrical pulse (312) caused by the detected packets having a characteristic size or shape dependent on an energy of the packets; one or more digital processors (203, 210, 303, 304, 306, 305) configured to process each electrical pulse to determine the characteristic size or shape and to thereby generate a detector energy spectrum for each detector of the energies of the packets detected, and characterise a material associated with the o

Abstract: In one possible implementation, a computer-readable tangible medium includes instructions that direct a processor to access one or more wellbore properties and a plurality of well fluid properties. Instructions are also present that direct the processor to access a distance between a proposed location of an inlet to a multiphase production logging tool and an emulsion generation location in a wellbore. Further instructions instruct the processor to predict a drop size distribution of emulsified water in the well fluid at the proposed location of the inlet to the multiphase production logging tool. Additional instructions instruct the processor to compute an estimated error in water holdup detected by the multiphase production logging tool based on the drop size distribution, and recommend deployment of a pulsed neutron logging tool in the wellbore when the estimated error in the water holdup is above a preset threshold.

Abstract: An example formation fluid analysis tool includes an optical element and a detector configured to receive light passed through the optical element. The optical element is configured to receive light from a fluid sample and comprises a substrate, an integrated computational element (ICE) fabricated on a first side of the substrate, and an optical filter fabricated on a second side of the substrate opposite the first side.

Abstract: A method may include collecting measurement data using a first operational sensor and a second operational sensor of a downhole tool, standardizing optical responses of each operational sensor to a master sensor in a tool parameter space to obtain a standardized master sensor response, transforming the standardized master sensor response to a synthetic parameter space response of the master sensor, applying a fluid model with the synthetic parameter space response of the master sensor to predict a fluid characteristic, comparing a first prediction obtained with the fluid model from the first operational sensor with a second prediction obtained with the fluid model from the second operational sensor, determining a fluid characteristic from the first prediction and the second prediction, and optimizing a well testing and sampling operation according to the fluid characteristic.

Abstract: System and methods for defining non-linear petrofacies for a reservoir simulation model are provided. A cross-plot visualization of selected petrophysical properties from a three-dimensional (3D) geocellular grid array of petrophysical properties representing a reservoir rock formation is presented to a user via a display of a computing device. Upon receiving user input for defining a non-linear petrofacies region of the 3D geocellular grid within the presented cross-plot visualization, data points in the cross-plot visualization that are within the boundaries of the petrofacies region are identified. The identified data points are associated with the petrofacies region. Hydraulic rock properties are assigned to one or more cells of the 3D geocellular grid based on the data points associated with the petrofacies region.

Abstract: Consolidated porous media samples and methods for their manufacture are described herein. An assembly has an outer tube having a first softening temperature and a sintered glass construct formed from plurality of beads of multiple sizes. The sintered glass construct defines pores and at least one fracture or channel. The assembly is formed by suspending at least one sheet or wire of dissolvable material in the outer tube, packing beads of different sizes around the sheet or wire, sintering the beads with the sheet or wire located therein at a temperature below the softening temperature of the tube, and dissolving the sheet or wire to generate a sintered construct defining at least one fracture or channel.

Abstract: A system and method for diamond based multilayer antireflective coating for optical windows are provided. An antireflective coatings for optical windows may include an optical grade silicon substrate; a plurality of polycrystalline diamond films, a plurality of germanium films, and a plurality of fused silica films. A method of fabricating a diamond based multilayer antireflective coating may include the steps of cleaning and seeding an optical substrate, forming a plurality of diamond layers above the optical substrate, forming a plurality of germanium layers above the optical substrate; and forming a plurality of fused silica layers above the optical substrate, wherein the reflectance of the antireflective coating is between 0.1 and 3.0 percent for infrared spectrum wavelengths between 1800 and 5000 nanometers.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical member includes a step of applying a dispersion liquid containing particles and a dispersion medium on a substrate, a step of applying a solution containing a component to form a binder after the step of applying the dispersion liquid, and causing the solution to permeate a portion between the particles contained in the dispersion liquid applied in advance to form a single layer in which the portion between the particles is filled with the binder, and a step of drying the layer to prepare an antireflection film. The solution contains a silane-alkoxy condensate having an average particle diameter of 8 nm or more and 60 nm or less, and the solution contains a solvent having solubility of water of 10% by weight or less in an amount of 70% by mass or more.

Abstract: An optical element based on a graphite substrate is provided. The optical element may be a reflective element and may include a finishing layer, adhesion layer, and/or galvanic compatibility layer. Finishing layers include Ni and Si and provide a surface that can be processed to a low finish to support a reflective layer or reflective stack. Graphite substrates are light weight, are amenable to diamond turning and can be machined to near net shape, have low coefficients of thermal expansion to enable operation over wide temperature ranges, and have high chemical stability.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure pertain to articles that exhibit scratch-resistance and improved optical properties. In some examples, the article exhibits a color shift of about 2 or less, when viewed at an incident illumination angle in the range from about 0 degrees to about 60 degrees from normal under an illuminant. In one or more embodiments, the articles include a substrate, and an optical film disposed on the substrate. The optical film includes a scratch-resistant layer and a refractive index gradient. In one or more embodiments, the refractive index includes a refractive index that increases from a first surface at the interface between the substrate and the optical film to a second surface. The refractive index gradient may be formed from a compositional gradient and/or a porosity gradient.

Abstract: A tunable plasmon resonator, comprising a plasmon resonance layer made of graphene, a crystalline group-IV-semiconductor material or a crystalline group-III-V semiconductor material, and arranged on a carrier substrate, the plasmon resonance layer having a plasmon resonance region that is exposed to a sensing volume and a tuning device that is integrated into the plasmon resonator and arranged and configured to modify a density of free charge carriers in the plasmon resonance region or to modify an effective mass amount of the free charge carriers in the plasmon resonance region by applying of a control voltage to tuning control electrode(s) of the tuning device, thereby setting a plasmon frequency of plasmon polaritons in the plasmon resonance region to a desired plasmon frequency value within a plasmon frequency tuning interval, for resonance excitation of plasmon polaritons by incident electromagnetic waves of a frequency corresponding to the set plasmon frequency value.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical assembly. The optical assembly comprises: a first optical film having a first surface; an adhesive disposed on the first surface of the first optical film, wherein the adhesive comprises a photo-curable portion and a thermally-curable portion; and a second optical film comprising a photo-curable material bonded to the photo-curable portion of the adhesive, wherein the photo-curable portion of the adhesive is being bonded to the photo-curable material of the second optical film when the photo-curable portion of the adhesive is being cured and the thermally-curable portion of the adhesive has been cured.

Abstract: A laser optical device is provided with a plurality of laser light sources, a collimating lens that has an optical axis that intersects a line connecting the plurality of laser light sources in a plan view viewed from a direction perpendicular to both this line and the optical axis and collimates lights respectively emitted from the plurality of laser light sources, and a deflecting element that deflects a plurality of lights emitted from the collimating lens so output lights where the lights respectively emitted from the plurality of laser light sources are optically processed make contact.

Abstract: A coloring composition includes Color Index Pigment Red 264, a graft resin having an acid group, a photopolymerizable compound, and a photopolymerization initiator.