Abstract: A method and an apparatus for acquiring a signal of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are provided. The method includes: performing a first satellite signal acquiring operation based on an initially set Doppler frequency search start value and an initially set Doppler frequency search interval value; and changing the initially set Doppler frequency search start value and performing a second satellite signal acquiring operation when a satellite signal is not found through the first satellite signal acquiring operation.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and/or articles of manufacture, which may be employed in a mobile device and/or in a location server, enable acquisition assistance at the mobile device. In at least one implementation, which is not intended to limit claimed subject matter, acquisition assistance may include expected Doppler frequency shift and expected code phase in the case of a particular Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellite vehicle, as well as a search window for each of these, and a confidence value. The confidence value may indicate the likelihood of detecting signals from the satellite vehicle at the current expected location of the mobile device and within the given search windows and may enable one or more of faster location estimation, reduced battery consumption, and detection of weaker satellite signals.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to assist a global positioning system (GPS) module to determine GPS position estimates for a wireless communication device is disclosed. Processing circuitry in the wireless communication device determines a potential or an actual inaccuracy in a GPS position estimate obtained from a GPS module. The processing circuitry obtains a set of map vector data stored in or associated with the wireless communication device. The processing circuitry determines a location estimate of the wireless communication device based on at least a portion of the set of map vector data. The processing circuitry provides the location estimate to the GPS module and obtains an updated GPS position estimate from the GPS module, the updated GPS position estimate based at least in part on the location estimate provided to the GPS module.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying a person in a geographic area of interest, who shares the identity of friendly participants with a user if certain criteria are met. In one form, the identity of a participant in the area and meeting certain criteria is displayed to a user or other friendly participants. The identity is displayed to friendly participants on, for example, a GPS-equipped cell phone or head-mounted glasses. Other information can be shared among friendly participants, including social information, photographs, gender, status, and location.

Abstract: Method of detecting interference in a satellite radio-navigation signal, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: determining a first temporal position for which the correlation between the said signal and a local spreading code, offset by the said position, is maximum; determining a plurality of measurements of correlation between the said signal and a local spreading code offset by a plurality of secondary temporal positions, the said plurality of secondary temporal positions and the said first temporal position being regularly spaced; determining, for a plurality of correlation measurement pairs formed by two measurements at two consecutive temporal positions, the phase difference between the two correlation measurements of the said pair; calculating an item of information representative of the standard deviation of the said phase difference; and comparing the said item of information with a detection threshold configured at least as a function of the ratio of the powers of the signal and

Abstract: A satellite signal receiving device having a receiver circuit that receives a satellite signal transmitted from a positioning information satellite further includes a solar cell that converts light energy to electrical energy; a generating state detection circuit that detects a generating state of the solar cell to obtain a detection value, which is a power generating evaluation time, which is a time during which the solar cell output is continuously in a high illuminance state; and a control circuit that controls the receiver circuit and the generating state detection circuit, sets a threshold value for the power generating evaluation time, and compares the detection value with the threshold value and operates the receiver circuit when the detection value is greater than or equal to the threshold value. The control circuit changes the threshold value for the power generating evaluation time when satellite signal reception failed.

Abstract: A method of predicting the orbit of a satellite of a satellite positioning system, including: associating first and second types of satellites with first and second models of celestial mechanics forces, respectively; storing first ephemerides data of a satellite, associated to first time intervals and second ephemerides data associated to second time intervals. Further, the method comprises: calculating reference satellite positions based on the first ephemerides data; estimating first and second satellite positions in the first time intervals by using the second ephemerides data and the first and second forces models, respectively; determining first and second estimate errors by comparing the reference positions with the first and second positions, respectively; and detecting the type of satellite between the first and second types by an analysis of the first and second errors.

Abstract: A present invention relates to a positioning processing apparatus including: an orbit information receiving unit that receives Ephemeris relating to an orbit of a GPS satellite from the GPS satellite; a predicted orbit information receiving unit that receives a predicted value of the Ephemeris via a network from a server in which the Ephemeris is accumulated in advance; a power feeding unit that performs control relating to electric power supply; a first determination unit that determines a state of electric power supply; a selection unit that selects the orbit information receiving unit or the predicted orbit information receiving unit based on the state of electric power supply determined; and a positioning unit that performs positioning based on the Ephemeris or a predicted value of the Ephemeris received by the orbit information receiving unit or the predicted orbit information receiving unit selected by the selection unit.

Abstract: A first plurality of differences (first differences or second differences) of carrier phase measurements of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals corresponding to a first measurement epoch is received. A plurality of differences of carrier phase ambiguities of the first plurality of differences of carrier phase measurements is resolved. A first fixed position of the rover is computed. A first plurality of sub-corrections is computed based at least in part on the first fixed position of the rover, a position of the base, a position of each specific GNSS satellite, and the first plurality of differences of carrier phase measurements. The first plurality of sub-corrections is then used to reduce the processing time for ambiguity resolution of carrier phase measurements in subsequent measurement epochs. The sub-corrections can be smoothed, aged, or smoothed and aged.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to beam stops. In one aspect, a device comprises a luminescent material, a beam stop plate, and an optical fiber. The luminescent material is a parallelepiped having a first side and a second side that are squares and having a third side that is a rectangle or a square. The first side and the second side are perpendicular to the third side. The beam stop plate is attached to the first side of the luminescent material. The optical fiber has a first end and a second end, with the first end of the optical fiber attached to the third side of the luminescent material.

Abstract: An X-ray detector may include a plurality of pixels on a substrate, a first insulating layer configured to cover the plurality of pixels, an electrode block configured to penetrate the first insulating layer and be in contact with the plurality of pixels, a second insulating layer on the electrode block, and a metal wire configured to penetrate the second insulating layer and be in contact with the electrode block. Each of the plurality of pixels may include a first electrode on the substrate, a photoelectronic conversion device on the first electrode, and a second electrode on the photoelectronic conversion device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for performing cathode calibration in a detector assembly. In one embodiment, a method comprises adjusting a cathode bias of a detector based on a total number of events occurring in the detector during a time period while maintaining an anode bias at a desired value, the events corresponding to photon energy detected by the detector. In this way, an automated cathode calibration procedure may be applied to calibrate the detector assembly.

Abstract: A method for calibration of TOF-PET detectors comprising polymeric scintillator strips and photoelectric converters, wherein cosmic radiation is used as a source of radiation, the method comprising the steps of: recording times of reactions of particles of cosmic radiation with the scintillator strips (101, 411, 421, 511, 521); determining spectra (301) of distribution of differences in the times at which pulses are recorded at ends of the scintillator strips (101, 411, 421, 511, 521) connected to photoelectric converters (102, 103, 412, 413, 422, 423, 512, 513, 522, 523); using the determined spectra (301) to determine timing synchronization constants of the photoelectric converters (102, 103, 412, 413, 422, 423, 512, 513, 522, 523), the constants being related to: delays within the electronics; speed of light propagation within the scintillator strip of the detection module; and resolution of the difference in times of the signals recorded at the ends of the module.

Abstract: Methods for selecting a receiver line orientation for a seismic data acquisition array and methods for performing a seismic survey using the selected receiver line orientation are provided herein. A method of selecting a 3D seismic data acquisition array comprising: selecting a survey area, determining the location of a plurality of source lines in the survey area, pre-planning a plurality of receiver line grids with differing orientations, assigning a cell grid to each receiver line grid, generating a fold level for each cell in each receiver line grid, determining a fold variation for each receiver line grid, and selecting a receiver line grid from the plurality of receiver line grids with the lowest fold variation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, apparatus, and method for optical fiber well deployment in seismic optical surveying. Embodiments of this disclosure may include methods of deploying a spooled optical fiber distributed sensor into the wellbore integrated in a ballast or weight for a seismic optic tool, to achieve deployment of a lightweight disposable fiber optic cable against the wellbore walls via gravity. The method may further include unspooling the spooled optical fiber distributed sensor and using the optical fiber as a distributed seismic receiver. Once the fiber optic distributed sensor is deployed according to methods of the present disclosure, surveys may be obtained and processed by various methods.

Abstract: A seismic detection line includes one or more identified element(s) arranged in a string, and a telemetry link connecting the element(s) along the string to convey seismic data from at least one of the element(s) to a data recorder and identification data to a topology controller. Each of the element(s) includes a respective first identification unit connected to the telemetry link to provide a respective first identifier to the topology controller. A seismic detection system also includes a processor that queries the identified element(s) for their respective identifiers, determines an arrangement of the seismic detection line using the received identifiers, and presents an indication of the determined arrangement. A method of operating a seismic detection line includes transmitting a query along the telemetry link, detecting whether the respective identifier of one of the element(s) was received or not, repeating until termination, and determining and indicating the arrangement.

Abstract: Presented are methods and systems for regularizing content of multi-component seismic data. The method includes a step of receiving the seismic data, wherein the seismic data includes pressure and particle motion measurements and a step of regularizing and frequency optimizing the seismic data to desired positions based on Fresnel zones selected at various depths in a subsurface to obtain a regularized seismic dataset.

Abstract: Provided is elastic reverse-time migration system and method using an absolute value function for improving the quality of subsurface structure images, and more particularly, elastic reverse-time migration system and method using an absolute value function for improving the quality of subsurface structure images capable of minimizing waveform changing by separating wavefields using stress-displacement relationships and improving accuracy of the subsurface structure images by applying the absolute value function to migration images.

Abstract: Method for automated and quantitative assessment of multiple direct hydrocarbon indicators (“DHI's”) extracted from seismic data. DHI's are defined in a quantitative way (33), making possible a method of geophysical prospecting based on quantification of DHI anomalies. Instead of working in a particular spatial region of seismic data pre-defined as a hydrocarbon opportunity, the present invention works on entire data volumes derived from the measured seismic data (31), and identifies opportunities based on quantified DHI responses. In some embodiments, a series of algorithms utilizes the geophysical responses that cause DHI's to arise in seismic data to search entire data sets and identify hydrocarbon leads based on the presence of individual and/or combinations of DHI's (34).

Abstract: The instant invention is designed to provide an adaptive approach to removing short-period time/phase distortions within a downward-continuation process that is a key component of seismic migration algorithms. Using techniques analogous to residual statics corrections that are used in standard seismic processing, one inventive approach estimates and removes the effects of short wavelength velocity disruptions, thereby creating clearer seismic images of the subsurface of the earth. Additionally, the instant method will provide an updated velocity model that can be used to obtain further image improvement.

Abstract: A sensor streamer stretch section. At least some of the example embodiments are methods including measuring at least one parameter related to noise while towing the sensor streamer through a body of water with a towing vessel, and adjusting at least one of a spring constant and a damping coefficient of a stretch section disposed proximate the sensor streamer such that the measured parameter is minimized.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring subsea equipment are described herein. In one embodiment, such a system can include a plurality of acoustic sensor arrays that each include at least two acoustic sensors, wherein at least a first acoustic sensor array is mounted on an outer surface of subsea equipment being monitored and at least a second acoustic sensor array is positioned remote from the subsea equipment. The system can also include a digital data processor in communication with the plurality of acoustic sensor arrays, the digital data processor can be configured to process data from selected sensors of the plurality of acoustic sensor arrays to both selectively focus on a portion of the subsea equipment and to determine a point of origin of an acoustic signal. The system can be particularly useful in detecting leaks and other events in subsea drilling equipment.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring a formation property in a wellbore is disclosed. In the method, an acoustic measurement tool is introduced into a wellbore. The acoustic measurement tool may include a transmitter and a plurality of sensors. At least one of the plurality of sensors may be positioned in a non-uniform spacing configuration. The transmitter may transmit energy into the formation. The plurality of sensors may measure energy received from the formation. Additionally, a time semblance of the formation may be determined using at least one time semblance algorithm generalized for non-uniform sensor spacing.

Abstract: An arrangement and an associated method are described in which a boring tool is moved through the ground within a given region along a path in which region a cable is buried. The boring tool and the cable transmit a boring tool locating signal and a cable locating signal, respectively. Intensities of the boring tool locating signal and the cable locating signal are measured along with a pitch orientation of the boring tool. Using the measured intensities and established pitch orientation, a positional relationship is determined to relative scale including at least the boring tool and the cable in the region. The positional relationship is displayed to scale in one view. The positional relationship may be determined and displayed including the forward locate point in scaled relation to the boring tool and the cable. Cable depth determination techniques are described including a two-point ground depth determination method.

Abstract: Sonde devices for providing magnetic field signals for use with utility locators or other devices are disclosed. In one embodiment a sonde device includes a housing, a core comprising a plurality of core sections, and one or more support structures, which may include windings. Circuit and/or power supply elements may be disposed fully or partially within the core to control generation of predefined magnetic field frequencies and waveforms.

Abstract: An electromagnetic exploration device minimizes signal interference due to a metal body or electronic components that constitute an air vehicle by installing a transmission coil and a receiving coil in an envelope of an airship, and enables a batch arrangement of the optimized transmission coil and receiving coil in accordance with various exploration purposes using the envelope shape, thereby acquiring exploration data from one flight. The device in an airship having an envelope includes: a transmission coil along the periphery of the horizontal axial direction of the envelope, for generating a primary magnetic field; at least one receiving coil along the periphery of the envelope, for detecting a secondary magnetic field induced by the primary magnetic field; and an analyzing device for applying an electric current to the receiving coil and analyzing a measurement value of the secondary magnetic field detected by the receiving coil, thereby performing air electromagnetic exploration.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring a wellbore are disclosed herein. A pulse generator comprises a plurality of ports, wherein a first one of the plurality of ports is coupled to a first location of interest and a second one of the plurality of ports is coupled to a second location of interest. An electromagnetic pulse is generated at the first port and the second port. A reflected electromagnetic pulse is received at the first port and the second port. In another embodiment, the pulses are received at a separate pulse receiver with a plurality of receiving ports. A data storage device is coupled to the pulse generator or the pulse receiver, and data relating to the reflected magnetic pulse is stored at the data storage device.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a multi-array induction method uses user selectable zoning of a borehole to generate an updated look-up table for borehole corrections based on averaged calipers for the borehole. One example method averages caliper data, defines a good zone of the borehole substantially unaffected by corkscrew borehole effect, defines a start depth and an end depth of a zone of the borehole affected by the corkscrew borehole effect, and averages the caliper data for each coil array to generate updated resistivity outputs RO, Rt, and Rf for further drilling of the borehole.

Abstract: A method for determining a formation thermal neutron decay rate from measurements of radiation resulting from at least one burst of high energy neutrons into formations surrounding a wellbore includes determining a first apparent neutron decay rate in a time window beginning at a first selected time after an end of the at least one burst, a second apparent decay rate from a time window beginning at a second selected time after the burst and a third apparent decay rate from a third selected time after the burst. The second time is later than the first time. A thermal neutron capture cross section of fluid in the wellbore is determined. A decay rate correction factor is determined based on the first and second apparent decay rates and a parameter indicative of the wellbore capture cross-section. The correction factor is applied to the third apparent decay rate to determine the formation thermal neutron decay rate.

Abstract: A directional filter for processing full-tensor gradiometer data is described. The filter processes input data using a method comprising receiving geophysical data collected based on characteristics of geographic features in an environment, and applying a directional filter to the received geophysical data in a first instance so as to provide first filtered data. A filtering direction of the directional filter is determined based on properties in the received geophysical data. The method also includes updating the filtering direction based on properties in the first filtered data, applying the directional filter to the received geophysical data in a subsequent instance using the updated filtering direction so as to provide subsequent filtered data, and based on the updated filtering direction having a subsequent update less than a threshold, outputting directionally filtered data. The subsequent update is determined due to properties in the subsequent filtered data output from the subsequent instance.

Abstract: In a downhole environment, utilizing one or more ICE modules, in response to detecting light by one or more channels of a light to voltage converter, the detected light is converted into one or more voltages. The light has previously interacted with a downhole substance and has been processed by an integrated computational element. The one or more voltages are converted into one or more analog frequencies. The one or more analog frequencies are converted into one or more digital frequencies. One or more intensities are determined from one or more digital frequencies. One or more components of the substance are determined in response to the determined one or more intensities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for synchronizing the optical units of a photoelectric barrier and to such a photoelectric barrier. The synchronization method comprises the steps of transmitting radiation forming a synchronization signal from a first optical sender of the first optical unit; controlling a plurality of the optical receivers of the at least one second optical unit to monitor whether the synchronization signal has been received and performing a synchronization step if the synchronization signal has been received. The method further performs the step of defining at least one of said plurality of optoelectronic components to be used for the synchronization step.

Abstract: A light curtain controller is provided that serially tunes or optimizes the operating margin of each channel during an initialization sequence. The controller measures and adjusts the operating margin for each emitter-receiver pair individually, such that the margin for each channel satisfies a defined optimization criterion. In this way, the light curtain's unique environmental and installation conditions are taken into account when tuning each channel. By individually tuning each emitter-receiver pair, the operating margin of each channel is set sufficiently high to ensure accurate object detection, while excessive margin is limited to prevent signal processing errors, such as those associated with adjacent-channel signal bleed-through, susceptibility to internal and external noise, etc.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software can be used to simulate a fracture treatment. In some aspects, a common solution vector for multiple distinct subsystem models is defined. Each subsystem model represents a distinct subsystem of an injection treatment system. Parameters of the subsystem models are updated based on the solution vector according to predefined relationships between the solution vector and the parameters of the subsystem models. The subsystem models are operated based on the solution vector and the updated parameters.

Abstract: Provided is an optical fiber which has exceptional heat resistance and is highly safe. This optical fiber has a core, and a sheath of a least one layer around the outside circumference of the core, the sheath including a polymer that contains a repeating unit (A) derived from a fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylate having a specific structure.

Abstract: There is provided an organic nonlinear optical material including a polymer binder and a compound represented by the following Formula (I): wherein, in Formula (I), R1 and R2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; and L represents a divalent linking group connecting a nitrogen atom and an oxopyrroline ring having a dicyanomethylidene group in a ?-conjugated system containing an azo group (—N?N—).

Abstract: An antireflection film, comprising a film including: hollow particles; and a binder bonding the particles, wherein: the binder contains voids; and the binder contains 10 or less voids each having a cross-sectional area of 1,000 nm2 or more with respect to 1 ?m2 of a cross-sectional area of the binder. A method of producing the film, comprising: forming a paint into a film by applying the paint onto a substrate, the paint containing hollow particles, a binder, and a solvent, in which a content of the particles is 50-85 wt % and a content of the binder is 15-40 wt % with respect to a total weight of a solid content of the paint, and the paint has a viscosity of 1.3-2 mPa·s at its film-forming temperature; and drying the film.

Abstract: A lens plate includes a transparent substrate wafer, and a plurality of lenses and spacers that are formed of a single portion of material on the transparent substrate wafer. An assembly includes a first lens plate that includes a first transparent substrate wafer, a plurality of first lenses and a plurality of spacers, the first lenses and spacers being formed of a single portion of material on said first transparent substrate wafer. The assembly also includes a second lens plate that includes a second transparent substrate wafer and a plurality of second lenses formed thereon, each of the plurality of second lenses corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of first lenses. The lens plates are aligned such that each of the plurality of first lenses aligns with the respective one of the plurality of second lenses, and the lens plates are bonded to one another.

Abstract: A device (1) for applying light (4) to an inner surface (2) of a cylinder (3), comprising a homogenizer (14), into which light (4) can enter and from which the light (4) can exit, wherein the homogenizer (14) has a cylindrical internal surface (15), on which the light (4) can be reflected after entering and before exiting, and also comprising ways for introducing light (4) into the homogenizing means (14), and focusing arrangements, which can focus light (4) exiting from the homogenizer (14) onto the inner surface (2) of the cylinder (3) to which light (4) is to be applied.

Abstract: A plastic lens element includes an effective optical portion and a peripheral portion in order from an optical axis to an edge thereof. The peripheral portion includes a plurality of rib structures, wherein each of the rib structures has a strip shape in a radial direction of the optical axis, and the rib structures are arranged around the effective optical portion and indirectly connected to the effective optical portion.

Abstract: A substrate with a multilayer reflective film capable of facilitating the discovery of contaminants, scratches and other critical defects by inhibiting the detection of pseudo defects attributable to surface roughness of a substrate or film in a defect inspection using a highly sensitive defect inspection apparatus. The substrate with a multilayer reflective film has a multilayer reflective film obtained by alternately laminating a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer on a main surface of a mask blank substrate used in lithography, wherein an integrated value I of the power spectrum density (PSD) at a spatial frequency of 1 ?m?1 to 10 ?m?1 of the surface of the substrate with a multilayer reflective film, obtained by measuring a region measuring 3 ?m×3 ?m with an atomic force microscope, is not more than 180×10?3 nm3, and the maximum value of the power spectrum density (PSD) at a spatial frequency of 1 ?m?1 to 10 ?m?1 is not more than 50 nm4.

Abstract: An improved mount for, and method of mounting, an optical structure having a grooved/relieved protruding member is provided. The mount may have the grooved/relieved protruding member extending from a surface of the optical structure, a base element for mounting the mount to another structure and an upper element extending from the base element having a first opening extending therethrough for receipt therein of at least a portion of the grooved/relieved member. The first opening defines first and second arms, each of the arms comprising a head portion and each of the head portions ending at an end.

Abstract: A hollow-structure metal grating is provided. The hollow-structure metal grating includes a substrate, a number of connecting metal layers, and a number of hollow metal protrusions spaced and located on a surface of the substrate. A space is defined between each of the number of hollow metal protrusions and the substrate.

Abstract: A mask plate, a color filter substrate and a method for fabricating the same, a display panel and display device are disclosed. The mask plate includes a light transmitting region having at least two light transmittance levels, wherein the light transmittance level of the light transmitting region corresponding to a black matrix is configured to be increased from a central region of the mask plate to a peripheral region of the mask plate.

Abstract: An illustrative example camera assembly includes a sensor. An infrared cut filter is situated to filter radiation as the radiation approaches the sensor. A plurality of lens elements is situated between the sensor and the infrared cut filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optically variable element as well as a method for the production thereof. In a first area the optically variable element has at least one first color region which in the event of illumination generates a color dependent on the angle of observation and/or angle of illumination. The first color region has two or more zones (41 to 47) arranged next to each other. The two or more zones arranged next to each other have in each case a width and/or length dimension of less than 300 ?m. In at least one first zone (41) of the zones (41 to 47) of the first color region a thin-film interference filter (15) is provided with at least one interference layer (17). The interference layer (17) of the thin-film interference filter (15) has a first average thickness (d1) in the first zone (41).

Abstract: The present application is relates to a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition. The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition of the present application may form a pressure-sensitive adhesive having excellent durability and reliability, stress relaxation and reworkability. In addition, when the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is used collaterally, for example, a coating process may be efficiently performed even when a coating solid content is high, thereby maintaining excellent productivity and forming a pressure-sensitive adhesive having excellent uniformity in thickness. The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition may be used for an optical film such as a polarizing plate.

Abstract: A composition for a polarization film including: a transparent resin having a boiling point of greater than or equal to 130° C.

Abstract: Structures and methods of making wire grid polarizers having multiple regions, including side bars, strips, and/or side ribs along sides of a central region. The central region can include a single region or multiple regions. Each region can have a different function for improving polarizer performance. The various regions can support each other for improved wire grid polarizer durability.

Abstract: A grid polarizing element has a structure that can prevent deteriorations due to an oxidization gas. The grid polarizing element is preferably used to polarize light in a ultraviolet light region. The grid polarizing element includes a transparent substrate and a grid layer disposed on the transparent substrate. The grid layer has a plurality of linear portions, and is shaped like a stripe. The grid layer is covered with a gas blocking layer to block the oxidization gas generated by the ultraviolet light such as ozone and active oxygen species. The gas blocking layer is transparent at a wavelength of the light to be polarized.