Abstract: A device for dispensing fluid from a flexible bag includes a casing containing a tray for receiving a fluid-filled bag and a pressure applicator movable by an actuator. Movement of the actuator pushes the pressure applicator against the tray by translation or by rotation to compress the bag between the tray and the casing.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present invention relate to an image processing apparatus. The apparatus may include a processor and memory storing instructions that when executed on the processor cause the processor to perform the operations of detecting a deep region of a duct in an image and extracting a plurality of contour edges of an inner wall of the duct in the image. The apparatus then may identify a plurality of convex regions among the plurality of contour edges, analyze a respective curvature of each of the plurality of convex regions to identify a convex direction for each of the plurality of convex regions, and detect, as an abnormal region, a convex region having a convex direction directed toward the deep region.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes a silicon layer, a rewiring layer including low-permittivity insulating bodies having a permittivity that is lower than a permittivity of silicon oxide, and a cover glass, and a cutout portion is provided in the silicon layer, wirings are provided on the cutout portion, the wirings do not cover at least a part of the low-permittivity insulating bodies in the rewiring layer, the low-permittivity insulating body being exposed at the cutout portion, and the cutout portion is covered by a second protection film including a metal material via a first protection film including an insulating material.

Abstract: Provided is an endoscope, in which an image sensor is attached to a transducer probe such that the diameter of the transducer probe is reduced so as to decrease the feeling of irritation and prevent injuries of internal organs, and one or more light sources are attached to a leading end of the transducer probe so as to obtain images, which are clear and appropriate for purposes.

Abstract: An endoscope includes in a distal end portion of an insertion portion, an image pickup apparatus which includes an image pickup device including a semiconductor substrate in which an image pickup section is formed on a first principal surface, the semiconductor substrate including a bonding terminal on a second principal surface, and a wiring layer that is placed on the first principal surface of the semiconductor substrate and includes a conductor layer stacked via insulating layers, and a cover glass that is bonded in such a manner as to cover an entire side of the first principal surface of the image pickup device, the endoscope including a protection section that covers at least a side surface of the wiring layer of the image pickup device, the protection section including a resin in which blocking particles are dispersed, the blocking particles having lower moisture permeability than moisture permeability of the resin.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an image pickup device configured such that a plurality of electrode pads are disposed in a row on an inclined surface; a wiring board configured such that a plurality of first bonded electrodes that are bonded to the plurality of electrode pads via first solder bumps, respectively, are disposed in a row on a first end portion, and a plurality of second bonded electrodes are disposed in a row on a second end portion; and a signal cable configured to be bonded to the plurality of second bonded electrodes via second solder bumps, respectively. The wiring board includes a first protective film which covers the first end portion, and a second protective film which covers the second end portion, and is of a thickness that is greater than a thickness of the first protective film and less than a height of the second solder bumps.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: unit pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix form, each unit pixel having photoelectric converters for converting received light into imaging signals; and filters having different transmission spectra and disposed on light receiving surfaces of the photoelectric converters. The image sensor is configured to: switch between signal processing units with respect to transfer destination of the imaging signals transferred from second transfer lines to a switching unit, based on types of the filters; and output the imaging signals from a single row of the unit pixels to the sample-and-hold units, in a predetermined number of times during one horizontal scanning period by dividing the unit pixels into pixel units each time the imaging signals are output so as to output the imaging signals from the photoelectric converters having the light receiving surfaces on which the filters of different types are disposed in each pixel unit.

Abstract: An endoscope cleaning/disinfecting apparatus includes an endoscope connection section, a liquid supply conduit, a gas feeding conduit, a first gas feeding section, a first exhaust section, and a control section that performs a step of filling the gas feeding conduit with a cleaning liquid, a step of opening the first exhaust section, a step of allowing a gas to flow from the first gas feeding section to the endoscope connection section and feeding a two-phase gas-liquid fluid with which the gas feeding conduit is filled into the conduit of the endoscope and a step of closing the first exhaust section a predetermined time after allowing the gas to flow.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to vision preservation systems for medical devices, such as cryospray devices for use with endoscopes. Exemplary embodiments provide a distal attachment in the form of a shroud or cap that mounts to the end of a flexible endoscope. A purging fluid supply mechanism is provided along the length of the endoscope, providing a channel for purging fluid, such as gas, to communicate between the endoscope tip and an external gas supply. The cap or shroud assembly incorporates a lens clearing flow field adjustment mechanism, such as nozzles, designed to direct warm (room temperature or higher) purging fluid across a lens at the scope tip. Another flow deflection mechanism, such as a guide or nozzle, may be included with the cap to direct purging fluid at an angle away from the lens. Gas, as an example, directed across and toward the lens purges moisture to avoid condensation on the lens and shears debris and bodily fluids away from the field of view.

Abstract: Provided is an insertion aid for assisting in insertion of an insertion member having a rigid distal end part into a paranasal sinus or an opening leading to the paranasal sinus. The insertion aid includes a guiding portion having an elongated and curved one end part and configured to guide an insertion route of the insertion member, a guided portion configured to hold the insertion member and movable along the guiding portion, and a support portion supporting the other end part of the guiding portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides computing device implemented methods, apparatuses, and computing device readable media for confocal imaging using astigmatism. Confocal imaging can include receiving an image of a portion of an object captured by a confocal imaging device having a particular astigmatic character, determining an image pattern associated with the image, and determining a distance between a focus plane of the confocal imaging device and the portion of the object based, at least in part, on information regarding the image pattern. Confocal imaging can also include receiving data representing an image pattern associated with an image of an object captured by a confocal imaging device having a particular astigmatic character and having an image sensor with a plurality of pixels, and determining a positional relationship between the object and a focus plane of the confocal imaging device based on a distribution of the diffraction pattern over a portion of the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A method of performing medical procedure includes inserting a working channel into a bodily cavity, the working channel having an elongated shaft with a first lumen and a second lumen and an inflatable balloon positioned at a distal end of the shaft and having a mesh disposed an outer wall thereof, wherein the mesh creates a textured surface that prevents slippage of the balloon on surrounding tissue, advancing the working channel through the bodily cavity until the inflatable balloon reaches an anchoring position, anchoring the working channel at the anchoring position by supplying fluid via a pump until the balloon is inflated and the textured surface grips the surrounding tissue, inserting at least one medical instrument through the second lumen and performing the medical procedure, withdrawing the medical instrument from the second lumen, deflating the inflatable balloon, and withdrawing the working channel from the bodily cavity.

Abstract: A system for eyesight diagnosis may include a vision test unit and a controller. The vision test unit may include at least one eye movement tracking unit configured to track the movement of a portion of the eye, at least one screen for visual stimulation and a shuttering unit configured to controllably block the field of view (FOV) of each eye separately. The controller may be configured to: display to a patient a first visual stimulation on the at least one screen, cause the shuttering unit to block the FOV of a first eye of the patient while unblocking the FOV of a second eye, receive a first signal indicative of the second eye movement of the patient from the at least one eye movement tracking unit and diagnose the patient's eyesight based on the received first signal.

Abstract: When displaying visual targets on a planar display element and performing vision examinations, the size of the visual target visible to the subject changes according to the position at which the visual target is displayed. This vision examination device includes: a planar display element that displays visual targets to a subject of a vision examination; and a display optical system provided upon an optical axis between an eyeball position at which an eyeball of the subject is arranged and a display screen of the planar display element. The display optical system includes an f-? optical system having a proportional relationship between an image height on the display screen of the planar display element and the angle of incidence ? for the main light rays when the subject views the visual target through the display optical system from the eyeball position.

Abstract: An ophthalmic imaging apparatus that captures a tomographic image of an subject's eye based on light obtained by combining a return light with a reference light, the return light being from the subject's eye when irradiated with a measurement light, the reference light corresponding to the measurement light includes a first optical fiber disposed in an optical path of the reference light and including a light guide portion for guiding the reference light, and a second optical fiber disposed in an optical path of the measurement light and including a light guide portion for guiding the measurement light, wherein a diameter of each of the light guide portions of ejection ends of the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber is larger than a diameter of a light guide portion in a position different from a position of each of the ejection ends.

Abstract: An instrument for imaging the eye and performing ophthalmic diagnostic tests is disclosed that obtain images of the structures of the eye using imaging technology such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). To assist with such imaging and/or provide additional diagnostics, the ophthalmic diagnostic instrument may additionally include a display for presenting images to the subject whose eyes and vision are being evaluated. This display system may comprise a MEMS (microelectromechanical system) scanning mirror.

Abstract: Whole eye optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging systems and related methods are disclosed. According to an aspect, an OCT imaging system includes a source having an associated source arm path. Further, the OCT imaging system includes a reference arm coupled to the source arm. Further, the OCT imaging system includes a sample arm having an associated sample arm path and coupled to the source arm. The sample arm includes at least one optical component configured to simultaneously scan both an anterior and posterior portion of an eye of a subject.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention generally relate to systems and methods for wavefront interactive refraction display and more particularly to systems and methods for capturing and displaying eye wavefront interactive refraction data based on the desired refractive state of the patient's eye.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are disclosed which may be used to detect and determine the extent of brain trauma, mental impairment, physical disability, or other brain dysfunction by tracking one or more ocular responses.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a non-mydriatic fundus image is disclosed. The apparatus can include a processor and memory, as well as an illumination component and a camera with a variable focus lens. The apparatus can be configured to adjust the focus of the lens to a plurality of different diopter ranges and capture at least one image at each of the plurality of different diopter ranges. Using the captured images, three-dimensional maps of the fundus may be generated. Three-dimensional maps of the fundus may be used to screen or diagnose various diseases.

Abstract: A non-sliding, non-sutured hands-free contact lens assembly for ophthalmic procedures utilizes a number of microstructures strategically placed on the bottom of either the contact lens or the bottom of a contact lens holder ring. After the contact lens, or the contact lens assembled with the contact lens holder ring, is placed on the cornea of the eye and centered, a surgeon applies downward pressure either on the contact lens itself or on the lens holder ring. This secures the lens assembly to the cornea due to increased friction between the microstructures and the tissues of the eye when the microstructures penetrate through the tear film and, optionally, viscous solution film and into the contact with superficial layer of cornea or other parts of the eye, thus temporarily anchoring the contact lens, or lens holder, to the desired surgical site.

Abstract: A connecting device for establishing a data link between a docking device provided at a part of a magnetic resonance scanner, and a patient support, with at least one slot for a local coil, which can be docked to the docking device, has a first data transmission device on the patient support side, which interacts with a second data transmission device on the docking device side in order to establish the data link in the docked state. The data transmission devices each have at least one communication device designed for wireless near field communication.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention provides a method including: obtaining neural activity data for a first subject and a second subject during verbal interaction between the first subject and the second subject; and calculating coherence between the neural activity data for the first subject and the neural activity data for the second subject. Another aspect of the invention provides a non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable program instructions for implementing the one or more of the methods described herein.

Abstract: A diffuse acoustic confocal imager device for use with a data analyzer for providing a three dimensional and state information on an object based on an at least one phase image, the device comprising a coherent acoustic source for producing an acoustic confocal beam ranging from about 0.5 megahertz to about 100 megahertz, an acoustic coherent beam focuser for focusing the acoustic coherent beam to a virtual source, an acoustic detector for detecting an at least one diffusely scattered beam from the virtual source and a vector network analyzer, which is for measuring a phase of the acoustic confocal beam and a phase of the at least one diffusely scattered beam to provide the at least one phase image, the vector network analyzer in electronic communication with each of the coherent acoustic source and the acoustic detector. A method of detecting and treating diseases such as prostate cancer and ovarian cancer is also provided.

Abstract: Multispectral images, including ultraviolet light and its interactions with ultraviolet light-interactive compounds, can be captured, processed, and represented to a user. Ultraviolet-light related information can be conveniently provided to a user to allow the user to have awareness of UV characteristics and the user's risk to UV exposure.

Abstract: A beam-shaping optical system includes a sheath defining a central cavity having an inner wall, an optical fiber positioned within the cavity and engaged with the inner wall of the sheath, and a beam-shaping insert positioned within the sheath and engaged with the inner wall of the sheath. The beam-shaping insert includes a beam-shaping element with a reflective element aligned with an optical axis of the optical fiber. The optical fiber is configured to emit an electromagnetic beam toward the beam-shaping element and the beam-shaping element is configured to reflect the electromagnetic beam externally to the beam-shaping insert.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems for detecting biomarkers are disclosed. A sensing apparatus for detecting the presence of at least one biomarker in subcutaneous tissue is disclosed, the sensing apparatus including a probe comprising a shaft, and a biomarker detection material coated on at least a portion of the shaft of the probe. The sensing apparatus further includes a sensor communicatively coupled to the biomarker detection material, the sensor configured to detect a change in at least one of an electrical property and an optical property of the biomarker detection material. When a change in the at least one of an electrical property and optical property of the biomarker detection material is detected, the change is indicative of the presence of at least one biomarker.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic imaging system is provided for use in combination with an ultrasound imaging system for imaging features of tissue, the ultrasound imaging system including an ultrasound imaging probe including a transmit-receive transducer array with a plurality of transmit-receive array elements. The thermoacoustic imaging system includes a receive-only transducer array with a plurality of receive-only array elements, registered with the plurality of transmit-receive array elements. The transmit-receive transducer array is housed in an ultrasound imaging probe, and the receive-only transducer array is housed in a thermoacoustic imaging probe. The thermoacoustic imaging probe is mechanically joined to the ultrasound imaging probe, e.g., as a sleeve fitted to the ultrasound imaging probe.

Abstract: An ultrasound system includes an ultrasound transducer, an ultrasound controller structured to communicate with the ultrasound transducer, and a signal processing system structured to communicate with the ultrasound transducer. The ultrasound controller is structured to provide control signals to the ultrasound transducer to transmit a plurality of at least three non-coplanar A-line signals and to receive corresponding at least three non-coplanar A-line signals, and the signal processing system is structured to receive the at least three non-coplanar A-line signals from the ultrasound transducer and to form a generalized B-mode image based on the at least three non-coplanar A-line signals.

Abstract: An object information acquiring apparatus is used, which has: a region setter setting a first region and a second region inside an object; a plurality of probes each receiving an acoustic wave propagated from the object to which light is radiated and outputting an electrical signal; a sound speed determiner setting a plurality of sound speeds for the first region and the second region respectively; an imaging processor acquiring an image using an electrical signal for each sound speed of the first region and acquiring an image using an electrical signal for each sound speed of the second region; a characteristic amount acquirer acquiring a comparison characteristic amount in a common region of the first region and the second region for each sound speed.

Abstract: To suppress variation of a distribution of radiated light depending on a position of a radiating unit in an information acquisition apparatus that uses an articulated arm as a waveguide unit. A waveguide unit (103) includes a plurality of first waveguides (103c), (103g), and (103k) that guide light in a direction parallel to a radiating direction in which the light is radiated from a radiating unit (105) to an object (123), at least one of second waveguides (103a), (103e), and (103i) that guides the light in an in-plane direction perpendicular to the radiating direction, and a plurality of articulations that each include therein a mirror disposed so as to substantially perpendicularly bend a wave guiding direction. The light is guided through the plurality of first waveguides (103c), (103g), and (103k) in the same wave guiding direction.

Abstract: A device for measuring body temperature comprising: a first surface for thermal engagement with a body; a second surface substantially opposed to the first surface such that, in use when the first surface is engaged with a body, the second surface is exposed to a thermal environment of the body; first and second temperature sensors encapsulated within a first material; and a second material located between the first and second temperature sensors and intersecting a first axis passing substantially through the first and second sensors and the first and second surfaces; the device being configured such that the net thermal conductivity across the device is greatest along the first axis; and the second material having a volumetric heat capacity which substantially exceeds that of the first material.

Abstract: A medical image processing method performed by a computer, for measuring the spatial location of a point on the surface of a patient's body including: acquiring at least two two-dimensional image datasets, wherein each two-dimensional image dataset represents a two-dimensional image of at least a part of the surface which comprises the point, and wherein the two-dimensional images are taken from different and known viewing directions; determining the pixels in the two-dimensional image datasets which show the point on the surface of the body; and calculating the spatial location of the point from the locations of the determined pixels in the two-dimensional image datasets and the viewing directions of the two-dimensional images; wherein the two-dimensional images are thermographic images.

Abstract: An air circuit structure comprises the air circuit box, an air charging pump, a cuff air nozzle, air discharging valves and an air pressure examination sensor. The air circuit box comprises a shell with a cavity formed inside. The shell is provided with an access port, an air charging port and an air inlet port spaced apart, and the access port, the air charging port and the air inlet port are all connected to the cavity.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a heart rate detection method and a heart rate detection apparatus, the method includes: acquiring a heart rate signal; extracting a heart rate characteristic from a waveform corresponding to the heart rate signal; judging whether the heart rate characteristic satisfies a predetermined condition; and outputting a corresponding heart rate value according to the heart rate signal when it is judged that the heart rate characteristic satisfies the predetermined condition. In the technical solution of this embodiment, the feature based on the waveform of heart rate signal may judge whether detection of the heart rate is in a normal condition, which is favorable to rapidly calculating a heart rate value, and capable of preventing an error for the reason that a correct heart rate value is obtained by calculating the heart rate value based on the heart rate signal in the normal condition.

Abstract: A system for providing body metric measurements is provided, the system comprising: a light source providing a red light and an infrared light; an optical detector configured to receive reflected optical signals; force sensor, wherein the force sensor is integrated into a wearable device; and one or more processor configured to automatically transform signals indicative of the reflected optical signals and the force into body metric measurements.

Abstract: Improvements in a heart rate playback machine to initially monitor heart rate of a person performs cardiovascular exercise. The heart rate is generally monitored by a chest strap that is placed around the chest of a user that transmits either the beats or the calculated heart rate. The heart rate can be received by a monitoring device, like a wrist or waist mounted device. The heart rate is recorded while the person is exercising. The machine then convert the heart rate into estimated loads of resistance, speed, elevation or other changes to simulate duplication of the heart rate. The machine uses a reverse algorithm to increase the resistance, speed or elevation prior to the recorded heart rate changes. The recorded heart rate, or the result of the algorithm, is then transportable or playable on the piece of exercise equipment. The exercise can be scaled to accommodate athletes of a different age or fitness level.

Abstract: The system and method of the present application includes a physiological sensor and a motion sensor connected to a patient. The physiological sensor detects patient connection to the sensor and collects a physiological signal while connected. When the physiological sensor is disconnected, the motion sensor data is analyzed. Patterns of sensor connection and patient movement typical for nurse initiated removal compared to accidental or patient initiated removals are created. The alarm protocol may be modified if the disconnection is due to patient movement. The detected movement patterns may include movement measurements that are close to the sensor that detects how the actual disconnection happens, or general movement information for the patient such as whether the patient has been still or has moved before the sensor gets disconnected. By using this information to classify the reason of the sensor removal, a more relevant alarm may be generated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for revascularization assessment. The methods can in some cases include one or more of the steps of measuring blood perfusion as a function of time to obtain time series data, mathematically transforming the time series data into a power spectrum, calculating at least one parameter of the power spectrum within a specific frequency range, and using the at least one calculated parameter as a discriminator for the first population and the second population.

Abstract: Physiological parameter detecting apparatuses and methods of detecting the physiological parameters are provided. A physiological parameter detecting apparatus includes: a light source configured to emit a light onto a region of an object; an optical path converter configured to receive the light returning from the object and convert an optical path of the received light; an optical detector configured to detect the light that has the converted optical path; and a controller configured to extract physiological information of the object from the detected light.

Abstract: A method is provided that determines velocity encoding direction of volumetric image data sets comprising three-directional velocity information (V0, V1, V2) of a target volume, which involves: a) defining a coordinate system (X, Y, Z); b) determining all the possible arrangements of the three velocity components (V0, V1, V2) along the three coordinate axes (X, Y, Z); c) determining reference point or points in the target volume either automatically or upon user input; d) determining streamlines for each point for all possible combinations of velocity components as determined in b); and e) considering as velocity encoding direction the arrangement of the three velocity components corresponding to the streamlines having the longest length or a length above a threshold. A corresponding apparatus and computer program are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method of generating an aggregated stability map of one or more rotational sources associated with a heart rhythm disorder. In accordance therewith, a plurality of rotational area profile maps is accessed for a plurality of analysis intervals. Each of the rotational area profile maps includes rotation intensity values for a plurality of locations associated with rotation of the one or more rotational sources. Thereafter, an aggregated stability map is generated map based on the plurality of rotational area profile maps, wherein the aggregated stability map includes a plurality of locations. Each location includes a rotation intensity value based at least on a filter level of highest rotation intensity values for that location from corresponding locations of the plurality of rotational area profile maps.

Abstract: A method includes emitting optical energy, detecting a feature, emitting optical energy, and determining a physiological parameter. The method includes emitting optical energy having spectral content in a first range. The first range includes green light or infrared light. The optical energy is directed at tissue using a wearable module. The method includes detecting a feature in a photoplethysmogram signal. The feature has spectral content corresponding to optical energy in the first range. In response to detecting the feature, the method includes emitting optical energy having spectral content in a second range. The second range is different from the first range. The method includes determining a physiological parameter using the optical energy in the second range.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring vital sign parameters in a biological entity is disclosed. In an embodiment, the apparatus includes at least one light source for transmitting light through the biological entity and at least one photodetector for receiving light transmitted through the biological entity. At least one light source and at least one photodetector are configured to be positioned proximate the biological entity in a manner that does not significantly impede blood flow through the biological entity. A signal is generated in response to the transmittance or reflectance of light through the biological entity. The signal corresponds to at least one characteristic of the generally unimpeded blood flow through the biological entity. The apparatus also includes a control system configured to analyze the signal to determine vital sign parameters in the biological entity. A method for monitoring vital sign parameters in a biological entity is also provided.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a data processing method comprises obtaining one or more first photoplethysmography (PPG) signals based on one or more first light sources that are configured to emit light having a first light wavelength corresponding to a green light wavelength; obtaining one or more second PPG signals based on one or more second light sources that are configured to emit light having a second light wavelength corresponding to a red light wavelength, one or more of the first light sources and one or more of the second light sources being co-located; generating an estimated heart rate value based on one or more of the first PPG signals and the second PPG signals; and causing the estimated heart rate value to be displayed via a user interface on a client device.

Abstract: A sensor unit, a biological information detection device, an electronic apparatus, a biological information detection method, and the like, capable of acquiring highly accurate pulse wave information on the basis of a plurality of signals having different characteristics. The sensor unit includes a first light emitting portion that emits light toward a subject, a second light emitting portion that emits light toward the subject, and a light receiving portion that receives light from the subject, in which, in a case where a height of a contact position or a contact region with the subject in a position or a region corresponding to the first light emitting portion is indicated by H1, and a height of a contact position or a contact region with the subject in a position or a region corresponding to the second light emitting portion is indicated by H2, a relationship of H1>H2 is satisfied.

Abstract: Neural interfaces with the peripheral nervous system have been developed to provide a direct communication pathway between peripheral nerves and prosthetic limbs. Described herein is a microchannel integrated neural network device and system which can control the reinnervated muscles and interpret neurological signals. The acquired bioelectrical signals can be used for the interpretation of mind and create a neural map.

Abstract: It is recognized that, because of its unique properties, graphene can serve as an interface with biological cells that communicate by an electrical impulse, or action potential. Responding to a sensed signal can be accomplished by coupling a graphene sensor to a low power digital electronic switch that is activatable by the sensed low power electrical signals. It is further recognized that low power devices such as tunneling diodes and TFETs are suitable for use in such biological applications in conjunction with graphene sensors. While tunneling diodes can be used in diagnostic applications, TFETs, which are three-terminal devices, further permit controlling the voltage on one cell according to signals received by other cells. Thus, by the use of a biological sensor system that includes graphene nanowire sensors coupled to a TFET, charge can be redistributed among different biological cells, potentially with therapeutic effects.

Abstract: A method of constructing an electrophysiology catheter having a flex circuit electrode assembly includes: providing a flex circuit having a substrate, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer; removing the first conductive layer to expose a first surface of the substrate; forming the wiring electrode in the second conductive layer with one exclusion zone; forming a first through-hole in the substrate to provide one conductive via and forming a second through-hole to provide an irrigation aperture in alignment with the exclusion zone; forming the contact electrode on first surface of the substrate; placing conductive material into the first through-hole to form the conductive via, the conductive via extending through the substrate and electrically coupling the wiring electrode and the contact electrode; and coupling a first conductor and a second conductor to the wiring electrode to form a thermocouple.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for processing ECG data may include: receiving ECG data representing a plurality of heartbeats; analyzing the ECG data to determine whether each of the plurality of heartbeats is a normal heartbeat or an abnormal heartbeat; associating each of the abnormal heartbeats with an existing template or a new template; receiving input related to each new template, wherein the input includes either: a) a confirmation that the new template represents an abnormal heartbeat, or b) a reclassification of the new template as representing a normal heartbeat or a different abnormal heartbeat; and in response to the user input, updating a label of each of the heartbeats associated with each confirmed new template and each of the heartbeats associated with each reclassified new template.