Abstract: In a heat source apparatus in which an electric component having an electrode and an insulator is mounted on a side plate of a combustion box, in a state in which a packing is interposed between a flange portion of the insulator and the side plate, by fastening to the side plate a clamp which overlaps with an outer surface of the flange portion, the packing is prevented from getting spread when compressed, thereby securing good sealing properties. Upper and lower water tubes constituting a part of a water jacket are disposed on a side plate on upper and lower sides of the mounting position of the electrode component.

Abstract: In a heat source apparatus in which an electric component having an electrode and an insulator is mounted on a side plate of a combustion box, in a state in which a packing is interposed between a flange portion of the insulator and the side plate, by fastening a clamp which overlaps with an outer surface of the flange portion, to the side plate, the temperature rise in the clamp is restrained. Upper and lower water tubes constituting a part of a water jacket are disposed on the side plate on upper and lower sides of the position of mounting the electrode component.

Abstract: A hot water storage device having a vessel includes a first section formed from a moulded material and a second section formed from a moulded material. An open end of the first section is sealingly engaged with an opposing open end of the second section to form the vessel. The first and second sections each have a generally cylindrical body portion and a closed end, comprising a head portion. The vessel includes a water inlet aperture moulded into the first or second section and a water outlet aperture moulded into the first or second section and wherein the inlet and outlet apertures are located on the body portion proximal to a tangent line between the body portion and the head portion.

Abstract: A flue restrainer and a method is provided for restraining a secondary flue conduit of a condensing water heater wherein to prevent damage to the connections of the secondary flue conduit during transport and manipulation of the condensing water heater prior to being placed into service. The flue restrainer is an inexpensive, single molded plastics part, which is clamped or friction fitted to the secondary flue during fabrication of the water heater.

Abstract: An external concentrator is provided for use with heat collection elements (HCE's of a solar parabolic trough power plant. In one arrangement, the concentrator includes a plurality of ribs that are adapted to extend radially outward from the outside surface of an HCE and along the linear length of the HCE to help redirect stray/spilled light into the absorber tube of the HCE. In another arrangement, the concentrator includes a shield placed on or near a surface of the HCE opposite of the parabolic reflective trough. The reflective shield includes ribs or brims that are disposed adjacent to one or both lateral edges of a reflective shield applied to the outside surface of a HCE tube to increase the collection of stray light reflected by the reflective trough.

Abstract: A solar rack for supporting a solar panel, said solar rack including a pair of support frames, each support frame including a front member, a bottom member, and a rear member, wherein the front member, the bottom member, and the rear member cooperate to form a triangularly shaped structure; and a trough including two ends and a base, each end of the trough is configured to be attached to a portion of each of the support frames to form a support upon which the solar panel is disposed, the support having bottom surfaces, wherein the base of the trough is configured to be offset with respect to the bottom surfaces of the support.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle device according to the present invention includes a compressor having a first compression chamber and a second compression chamber, a condenser, a decompressor, an evaporator, an injection path configured to introduce intermediate pressure refrigerant, a communication passage configured to introduce intermediate pressure refrigerant compressed in the first compression chamber to the second compression chamber, and a switch element configured to selectively make the second compression chamber communicate with the evaporator or make the second compression chamber communicate with the communication passage. The injection path introduces the intermediate pressure refrigerant to the second compression chamber. Single-stage compressing operation is performed when the second compression chamber is communicated with the evaporator, and two-stage compressing operation is performed when the second compression chamber is communicated with the communication passage.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle device is configured to be selectively switchable between an air-cooling first refrigerant circuit that causes refrigerant to flow out of a liquid-phase refrigerant outlet of a gas-liquid separator, and an air-heating second refrigerant circuit that causes the refrigerant to flow out of a gas-phase refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator. In the refrigeration cycle device, an oil separator is disposed in a refrigerant passage that leads from a heat dissipation device to a first expansion valve. Thus, when the first refrigerant circuit is configured in the refrigeration cycle device, the refrigerant passing through the oil separator is in a single gas phase or in an almost gas phase, so that oil can be easily separated from the refrigerant. Furthermore, when the refrigerant circulates through the first refrigerant circuit, oil can be retained at a position other than the gas-liquid separator.

Abstract: A system controls a multi-zone vapor compression system (MZ-VCS). The system includes a controller to control a vapor compression cycle of the MZ-VCS using a set of control inputs determined by optimizing a cost function including a set of control parameters. The optimizing is subject to constraints, and wherein the cost function is optimized over a prediction horizon. The system also includes a memory to store an optimization function parameterized by a configuration of the MZ-VCS defining active or inactive modes of each heat exchanger, the optimization function modifies, according to a current configuration, values of the control parameters of the cost function determined for a full configuration that includes all heat exchangers in the active mode. The system also includes a processor to determine the current configuration of the MZ-VCS and to update the cost function by submitting the current configuration to the optimization function.

Abstract: A sublimator includes a porous plate having a first surface comprising a low pressure side and a second surface comprising a high pressure side such that refrigerant is configured to move through the porous plate from the high pressure side to the low pressure side. The second surface defines a primary heat transfer surface. The porous plate further includes a plurality of secondary heat transfer surfaces integrally formed on the primary heat transfer surface to facilitate flow and evenly distribute refrigerant across the high pressure side of the porous plate.

Abstract: An ammonia plant system upgrade utilizing both a direct and indirect multistage chilling system in the ammonia plant air compression train to increase process air flow to the secondary ammonia reformer of an ammonia plant as well as upgrades to provide more pre-heating along with increased process air flow.

Abstract: An ammonia plant system upgrade utilizing both a direct and indirect multistage chilling system in the ammonia plant air compression train to increase process air flow to the secondary ammonia reformer of an ammonia plant as well as upgrades to provide more pre-heating along with increased process air flow.

Abstract: An air handling system that includes at least one earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly that further includes a first pipe section having an inner diameter and an outer diameter; a second pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the first pipe section, wherein the second pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first pipe section and the inner diameter of the second pipe section define a space therebetween, and wherein the space between the first pipe section and the second pipe section is evacuated to form an insulating vacuum therein; and a third pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the second pipe section, wherein the third pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and wherein the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section define a passageway therebetween.

Abstract: A cooling device including a freezing cycle including a compressor, a condenser, a pressure reducing means, and an evaporator is provided. In the cooling device, the condenser includes a first condenser and a second condenser independent from each other, the second condenser being positioned at a downstream side of the first condenser in a refrigerant channel, and the first condenser and the second condenser are connected to each other through a dew condensation preventing pipe.

Abstract: The pressure reducing device (4) for a cooling system according to the present invention is equipped with: a pressure reducing valve (5) that is disposed in a stage subsequent to a condenser for a refrigerant (40); and a microscopic bubble formation unit (20) that is disposed within the flow path for the refrigerant from the condenser to a heat exchanger so as to form the vapor phase (41) of the refrigerant (40) into microscopic bubbles (41a) and disperse the microscopic bubbles into the liquid phase (42) of the refrigerant.

Abstract: A liquefied gas cooling apparatus includes: a gas flow path for carrying a liquefied gas that is liquefied by cooling; and a refrigeration unit including a refrigerating cycle formed by an evaporator for cooling the liquefied gas flowing through the gas flow path, a compressor, a condenser, and a throttle expansion unit. The refrigeration unit includes: an inlet-side open/close valve and an outlet-side open/close valve provided in an inlet path and an outlet path of the compressor, respectively; and a service open/close valve in a refrigerant path between the inlet-side open/close valve and the outlet-side open/close valve.

Abstract: A climate-control system includes a variable-capacity compressor unit operable in a first capacity mode and in a second capacity mode that is higher than the first capacity mode and a control module configured to (i) switch the variable-capacity compressor unit between the first capacity mode and the second capacity mode based on a demand signal, a current outdoor air temperature, and an outdoor-air-temperature slope, (ii) select a region based on a first comparison of at least one outdoor-air-temperature value with a predetermined outdoor-air-temperature range and a second comparison of at least one outdoor-relative-humidity value with a predetermined outdoor-relative-humidity range, and (iii) set at least one system operating parameter based on the selected region, the at least one system operating parameter including at least one of a high-capacity runtime of the variable-capacity compressor unit, a low-capacity runtime of the variable-capacity compressor unit, and a fan speed.

Abstract: A refrigerator that has a fresh food compartment, a freezer compartment, and a door that provides access to the fresh food compartment is disclosed. An icemaker is mounted remotely from the freezer compartment. The icemaker includes an ice mold. A thermoelectric device is provided and includes a warm side and an opposite cold side. A fluid pathway is connected in communication between the cold side of the thermoelectric device and the icemaker. A pump moves fluid from the cold side of the thermoelectric device to the icemaker. Cold fluid or air may be taken from the freezer compartment to dissipate heat from the warm side of the thermoelectric device for providing cold fluid to and for cooling the ice mold or cool/warm fluid to other cooling or warming applications in the refrigerator compartment or on the refrigerator compartment door.

Abstract: Delivering items to users by a delivery organization comprises a delivery container suitable to deliver items that require storage at a specific temperature range for the duration of the delivery. The delivery container may be a cube or a rectangular prism constructed of an insulating material. The delivery organization may position a panel in the delivery container to separate a chilled compartment from a compartment with a coolant. The panel between the compartments includes a pressure relief valve that opens when the pressure difference between the compartments reaches a set point. The open valve allows the chilled compartment to exchange air with the compartment with the coolant until the drop in the pressure difference allows the valve to close. The temperature in the chilled compartment is maintained in the desired range by the opening and closing of the valve.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor refrigerator, which comprises: a liner; at least one semiconductor cooler; and a plurality of cold end heat exchanging devices, each of which is configured to allow the refrigerant to flow therein and undergo phase-change heat exchange to transfer cold from the cold end of the semiconductor cooler to the storage compartment of the liner. Each of the cold end heat exchanging devices has three refrigerant pipelines, each refrigerant pipeline having an evaporation section which is downwardly bent and extends in a vertical plane and has a closed tail end, the evaporation sections of the three refrigerant pipelines of each of the cold end heat exchanging devices being thermally connected to the rear wall and two side walls of the liner respectively. Energy efficiency of the semiconductor refrigerator is improved significantly.

Abstract: Disclosed are a refrigerator and a folding guide device provided therein. The refrigerator includes a body including a storage compartment, a door that opens and closes the storage compartment, a support provided to be changeable in position to an unfolded position to be unfolded outward from the storage compartment and a folded position to be folded in the storage compartment, a folding guide device interlinked with an opening and closing operation of the door to apply a rotational force for changing the position of the support to the support. Here, the folding guide device includes a slider pressurized by the door and linearly moved, and a conversion outputter provided to connect the slider with the support and configured to convert a linear force input by the slider that linearly moves into a rotational force for changing the position of the support and output the rotational force.

Abstract: The present invention includes a body having a storage compartment defined therein, a door for opening and closing the storage compartment, a lifting member, which includes a handle and a first gear extending in a vertical direction and which is disposed at the door in a manner of being movable upward and downward, a second gear, which is disposed at the door so as to engage with the first gear, a third gear, which is disposed at the door so as to engage with the second gear, and a pushing member, which is disposed at the door so as to be movable in forward and rearward directions and which includes a fourth gear engaging with the third gear, the pushing member exerting external force on the body when the lifting member is lowered, thereby offering an advantage in that a user such as a child, who is short, can easily open the door.

Abstract: A modular component fixing system for an appliance including a refrigerating appliance having an inner liner defining a plurality of modular attachment slots, each having an upturned flange defining an angular recess. Each modular attachment slots includes a downwardly angled channel in communication with the angular recess. Each of a plurality of modular components includes an abutment surface and a supporting flange extending from the abutment surface at a predetermined angle, the predetermined angle of the supporting flange being substantially similar to a recess angle define by the angular recess, wherein each modular component is configured to be removably engaged with any one of the plurality of modular attachment slots by inserting the supporting flange into a corresponding angular recess of the one of the plurality of modular attachment slots such that the abutment surface is substantially flush with an interior surface of the inner liner.

Abstract: A water valve, in which a water film is formed when the water valve connected to a water tank provided at a refrigerator door is opened and then closed and thus water film sealing is established downstream of an opening/closing surface of the water valve, thereby preventing dripping of water remaining in the water valve, enabling a clean use, and a refrigerator using the water valve. A valve body structure, in which a tube for guiding a flow of water toward a portion where a water film is to be formed between a nozzle and a valve is provided at the valve and an opening for releasing a water pressure even when the flow of water excessively concentrates, and thus, the water flowing through the opening may join a mainstream of the water discharged through a water passing hole.

Abstract: An installation structure of an external filter case for a refrigerator is provided. The filter case may include a main body that provides an inner space in which an internal line may be installed and water filters may be installed, and a cover that covers the inner space of the main body and is detachably coupled with the main body. The main body may have an open front side and may include bosses that protrude from its bottom face. The cover may include insertion holes into which the bosses may be inserted. A lower portion of the main body may be coupled with a lower portion of the cover. Magnets may be installed in upper portions of the main body and the cover, respectively, such that the main body and the cover may be coupled with each other by a magnetic force.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerator which enhances convenience in user identification and retrieval of items and the efficiency of storage and cooling thereof.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a cabinet, a door and a hinge assembly connecting the door and the cabinet. A sensor detects an opening angle of the door. The sensor includes: a first component and a second component, where one of the first component and the second component is a magnetic element, and the other one is a magnetic sensing element. The first component is provided at the hinge assembly, and the second component is provided at the door. This enables the magnetic sensing element to accurately sense a magnetic field of the magnetic element, and simplify a structure of the cabinet.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a cabinet and a door connected to the cabinet. The door includes a door sheet body, a side cover connected to an end portion of the door sheet body and a controller fixed to the side cover. The side cover is provided with an installation hole which faces away from an opening at a side of the door sheet body, and a cover member configured to seal the opening. The controller is located in the installation hole. The controller is installed in the side cover, so as not to be damaged by being immersed in a foaming liquid, thereby enabling a simpler assembly process.

Abstract: A beverage chiller assembly has a bottom vessel portion and a top portion comprising a plurality of extruded tubes arranged in an array. The bottom and top portions fit together to receive and expeditiously chill a beverage, such as an individual portion of hot coffee, to produce ice coffee, or a bottle of white wine, or a serving of another beverage. The tubes are pre-cooled and extend vertically down into the beverage or fluid volume, and are arranged and dimensioned to provide effective, fast and substantially uniform cooling of the intended beverage volume to a specified serving temperature. Embodiments quickly convert hot coffee to iced coffee, or chill white wine to a proper temperature for serving. Specific embodiments may attain a stable final temperature and also function as serving vessels at table.

Abstract: A process for producing liquefied natural gas and liquid carbon dioxide from a natural gas feed gas comprising at least the following steps: Separation of a natural gas feed gas into a CO2-enriched gas stream and a natural gas stream; Cooling of said natural gas in a heat exchanger; Purification of the in step 1 from compounds containing at least six carbon atoms; At least partial condensation of said gas stream resulting from step 3 to form a two-phase stream; Separation of said two-phase stream resulting from step 4 to form a gas stream and a liquid stream; Condensation of the gas stream resulting from step 5 to form a liquefied gas containing less than 5 ppm by volume of compounds containing at least six carbon atoms; Liquefaction of the CO2-enriched gas stream resulting from step 1 with a portion of the liquid stream resulting from step 5.

Abstract: A process for producing liquefied natural gas (14) and liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) (15) comprising at least the following steps: Step a): separating a natural gas feed gas (1), containing hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide in a treatment unit (2), into a CO2-enriched gas stream (4) and a CO2-depleted natural gas stream (3); step b): liquefying the CO2-depleted natural gas stream (3) resulting from step a) in a natural gas liquefaction unit (5) comprising at least a main heat exchanger (8) and a system (9) for producing frigories; step c): simultaneous liquefying of the CO2-enriched gas stream (4) resulting from step a) in a CO2 liquefaction unit (6); characterized in that all of the refrigeration necessary for the liquefaction of the CO2-enriched gas stream (4) and for the liquefaction of the natural gas is supplied by said frigorie-producing system (9) of the natural gas liquefaction unit (5).

Abstract: A process for producing liquefied natural gas and liquid carbon dioxide comprising: Step a): separating a natural gas feed gas into a CO2-enriched gas stream and a CO2-depleted natural gas stream; Step b): liquefying the CO2-depleted natural gas stream in a liquefaction unit comprising at least a main heat exchanger and a system for producing frigories, said liquefaction unit comprising at least one refrigeration cycle fed by a refrigerant stream; Step c): simultaneous liquefying of the CO2-enriched gas stream resulting from step a) in a CO2 liquefaction unit; wherein the refrigeration necessary for the liquefaction of the CO2-enriched gas stream and for the liquefaction of the natural gas is supplied by said frigorie-producing system of the liquefaction unit and in that the refrigeration necessary for the liquefaction of the CO2-enriched gas stream originates from a portion of said refrigerant stream supplying the refrigeration cycle of said liquefaction unit.

Abstract: A liquefied gas cooling apparatus including: a gas flow path for carrying a liquefied gas that is liquefied by cooling; and a refrigeration unit including a refrigerating cycle formed by an evaporator for cooling the liquefied gas flowing through the gas flow path, a compressor, a condenser, and a throttle expansion unit. The compressor is driven through an electric motor contained in a sealed housing together with a compressor mechanism.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide capture system includes a first heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between an exhaust stream and a lean carbon dioxide effluent stream. The carbon dioxide capture system also includes a first turboexpander including a first compressor driven by a first turbine. The first compressor is coupled in flow communication with the first heat exchanger. The first turbine is coupled in flow communication with the first heat exchanger and configured to expand the lean carbon dioxide effluent stream. The carbon dioxide capture system further includes a carbon dioxide membrane unit coupled in flow communication with the first compressor. The carbon dioxide membrane unit is configured to separate the exhaust stream into the lean carbon dioxide effluent stream and a rich carbon dioxide effluent stream. The carbon dioxide membrane unit is further configured to channel the lean carbon dioxide effluent stream to the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) laundry dryer includes, amongst other things, an RF generator and a drying surface. The drying surface on which textiles are supported further includes an RF applicator having an anode and cathode coupled to the RF generator. At least a portion of the cathode substantially encompasses the anode to electrically shield the anode ensuring the formation of an e-field between the anode and cathode instead of the anode and the Faraday cage upon energizing the RF generator.

Abstract: In a drier for industrial articles, in particular for painted motor vehicle bodies, comprising at least one booth for the industrial articles and for drying tools, the booth of the drier is formed by walls arranged at a distance from components near the outside of the booth and other than the support feet of the booth. This drier can keep the heat introduced into the booth longer, preventing radiation losses, in particular.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus (1) for cooling a fluid by means of surface water comprises a plurality of tubes (10) for containing and transporting the fluid to be cooled in their interior, the tubes (10) being intended to be at least partially exposed to the surface water during operation of the cooling apparatus (1). Furthermore, the cooling apparatus (1) comprises a plurality of light sources (21, 22) for producing light that hinders fouling of the exterior of the tubes (10), the light sources (21, 22) being dimensioned and positioned with respect to the tubes (10) so as to cast anti-fouling light over the exterior of the tubes (10), wherein the light sources (21, 22) have a generally elongated shape, and wherein the light sources (21, 22) are arranged in at least two mutually different orientations in the cooling apparatus (1).

Abstract: Disclosed is a barrel-shaped component and a container and an electric motor housing based thereon. The barrel-shaped component comprises a hollow metal pipe (11), wherein two ends of the hollow metal pipe (11) are respectively provided with an inlet (12) and an outlet (13). The hollow metal pipe (11) continuously spirals around an axis to form a plurality of annular components (14) arranged in parallel, wherein the annular components (14) are welded and fixed to each other. A component of any shape and size can be processed by using a simple elbow mould, thereby improving the cooling effect, lowering the processing cost and the material cost, and increasing the rigidity of the whole component where the barrel has the same wall thickness.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heat exchange between at least two fluids includes a plurality of heat exchange elements each having at least one fluid-guiding path for conducting at least one of the fluids through. The heat exchanger has a cylindrical shape or substantially cylindrical shape with a cylinder axis around which the heat exchange elements are adjacently arranged. At lease a region of each of the heat exchange elements forms an outline structure at least substantially like one of a triangular cylinder, a trapezoidal cylinder, a circle-sector cylinder, and an annulus-sector cylinder. As a result of adjacent arrangement of the heat exchange elements, the heat exchanger or at least a region of the heat exchanger has an outline structure at least substantially like one of a polygonal cylinder, a polygonal hollow cylinder, a circular cylinder, and annular cylinder. The cylindrical shape of the heat exchanger may alternatively be a cone frustum. The heat exchanger may be incorporated into an air device.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a casing having a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet, and a second outlet, and a plate assembly positioned between the first inlet and the first outlet and between the second inlet and the second outlet and at least partially in the casing, the plate assembly is being configured to transfer heat between a first fluid and a second fluid. The heat exchanger also includes a first plenum connecting a first side of the plate assembly and configured to direct the first fluid from first inlet to the plate assembly, and a second plenum connecting a second side of the plate assembly and configured to direct the first fluid from the plate assembly to the first outlet. An exterior of the second plenum is in contact with the second fluid, and the second plenum is configured to resiliently deflect in response to thermal expansion.

Abstract: A heat spreader with a liquid-vapor separation structure includes a first panel, a second panel bonded with the first panel and defining therebetween an enclosed accommodation chamber, multiple spacer members arranged spaced apart from one another in the accommodation chamber and abutted between the first panel and the second panel and defining multiple vapor passages and liquid passages therebetween and dividing the accommodation chamber into a heat-absorbing zone and a condensing zone that are disposed in communication with each other through the vapor passages and the liquid passages, a first wick material partially disposed in the liquid passages and partially disposed in the heat-absorbing zone and the condensing zone, and a working fluid filled in the accommodation chamber.

Abstract: A pumped heat energy storage system is provided. The pumped heat energy storage system may include a charging assembly configured to compress a working fluid and generate thermal energy. The pumped heat energy storage system may also include a thermal storage assembly operably coupled with the charging assembly and configured to store the thermal energy generated from the charging assembly. The pumped heat energy storage system may further include a discharging assembly operably coupled with the thermal storage assembly and configured to extract the thermal energy from the thermal storage assembly and convert the thermal energy to electrical energy.

Abstract: The waste heat recovery and dissipation apparatus incorporates a heat storage/dissipation material containing a new titanium oxide. When a pressure received by the heat storage/dissipation material from a coolant flowing through a flow channel is increased to a predetermined pressure PHR (about 60 MPa) or higher in a state where the crystal structure of the new titanium oxide is a ?-phase, the heat stored in the heat storage/dissipation material is released to the coolant. When a temperature of the heat storage/dissipation material is increased to a predetermined temperature THS (about 460 K) or higher by the heat of exhaust gas flowing a gas flow channel in a state where the crystal structure of the new titanium oxide is ?-phase, the heat of the exhaust gas is stored in the heat storage/dissipation material.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a manifold for a parallel flow heat exchanger and a heat exchanger incorporating that manifold. The manifold comprising a first plurality of channels each having a first opening facing a first direction and a second opening facing a second direction different from the first direction. The manifold further comprises a second plurality of channels interleaved with the first plurality of channels, the second plurality of channels having a third opening facing a third direction and a fourth opening facing the first direction, wherein the third direction is different from the first direction and the second direction.

Abstract: A header plate includes slots to receive heat exchange tubes of a heat exchanger. Each slot includes a lip extending in a direction of the tubes. Each slot has straight sides and corners. At least two tabs extend from each lip. One tab is on one side of each lip, and another tab is on an opposite side of each lip. Tabs are absent from the corners of the lip. Each tab is turned out from the lip so that the tabs on the lip act as a lead in for a tube entering the slot. Each slot has two long sides opposite one another. At least one tab is on each long side of the lip.

Abstract: A heat transfer device for transferring heat energy to or from a gas or fluid flowing radially across a plurality of posts or tubes includes a plate having a plate surface. A plurality of posts or tubes are disposed on and protrude substantially perpendicular to the plate surface. At least about 50% of the plurality of posts or tubes are disposed according to a phyllotaxis layout. Each arc of a plurality of phyllotaxis spiral arcs of the phyllotaxis layout terminates at different locations along an arc radius on the plate at a phyllotaxis arc termination radius less than a perimeter radius.

Abstract: A composite material for passive radiative cooling including a base layer, and at least one emissive layer located adjacent to a surface of the base layer, wherein the at least one emissive layer is affixed to the surface of the base layer via a binding agent. Also disclosed are methods of applying passive coolers to articles and surfaces to be adapted for passive radiative cooling.

Abstract: A firearm includes a bolt mechanism with a bolt configured to receive a firing pin assembly and a bolt head assembly. The bolt head assembly includes a pivoting bolt head and an extractor. The extractor is positioned relative to the bolt such that substantially all forces applied by the extractor to the bolt mechanism are reacted within the bolt head assembly. A biasing member or element can urge a claw portion of extractor towards a distal end of the bolt head.

Abstract: An unfinished firearm frame having a top adapted to receive a slide. Where rear restriction protrusions extend from the top of the frame near a rear of the frame which restricts addition of the slide to the frame and front restriction protrusions extend from the top of the frame and forward of the at least one rear restriction protrusion which restricts addition of the slide to the frame. Where there is a recoil assembly block adapted to prevent a recoil assembly from being assembled into the frame. A jig having a right side and a left side to receive and clamp the frame. The jig including three pin hole guides, a removal guide edge for each of the at least one rear restriction protrusion and the at least one front restriction protrusion and a recoil assembly cutout to allow a tool to pass to the recoil assembly block.

Abstract: A magazine device for a firearm is disclosed herein. The magazine device comprises a generally curved elongate casing, a spring-loaded follower frame, a lighting element, and a multiple transparent windows. The follower frame is configured to traverse from a lower end of the casing to an upper end of the casing in predetermined positions according to the depletion of ammunition positioned on each follower frame. The lighting element is housed proximal to a rear section of the follower frame, where the lighting element is configured to illuminate the vicinity of the follower frame. The transparent windows are positioned on the casing, in alignment with the predetermined positions of the follower frame, where the transparent windows are configured to display the level and number of ammunition left in the follower frame after a firing process.