Abstract: An imaging lens includes a first lens group and a second lens group arranged in this order from an object side to an image plane side. The first lens group includes a first lens having positive refractive power, a second lens having negative refractive power, and a third lens, arranged with a space in between. The second lens group includes a front side lens group having negative refractive power and a rear side lens group having positive refractive power. The front side lens group includes a fourth lens and a fifth lens arranged with a space in between. The rear side lens group includes a sixth lens and a seventh lens arranged with a space in between. The fourth lens is formed in a shape so that a surface thereof on the object side has a specific curvature radius so that a specific conditional expression is satisfied.

Abstract: A fixed-focus projection lens, in order from an image side to an image source side along an optical axis, includes a first lens with negative refractive power, a second lens with positive refractive power, a third lens with negative refractive power, a fourth lens with positive refractive power, a fifth lens with positive refractive power, and a sixth lens with positive refractive power. The second lens is a biconvex lens. While projecting, a light enters the fixed-focus projection lens from the image source side, and passes through the fixed-focus projection lens. Further more, at least one surface of the first lens is aspherical, a refractive index of the second lens is greater than 1.8, and a refractive index of the fifth lens is greater than 1.7. Such arrangement helps to lower a spherical aberration of spherical lens, shortening the optical system, and effectively lower the distortion.

Abstract: Provided are an electronic component mounting package and an electronic device capable of making heat distribution of a curved electronic component mounting portion uniform. The electronic component mounting package (1) includes: a substrate (2) including a first main surface and a second main surface, and one of a recessed portion (2d) and a convex portion (2e) that is arc-shaped in a vertical cross-sectional view and that is provided in the first main surface; and a curved electronic component mounting portion (11), which is provided in the one of the recessed portion (2d) and the convex portion (2e) and on which the bent curved electronic component (10) is mounted. The substrate (2) has a notch (4) in the second main surface such that the notch (4) overlaps with the curved electronic component mounting portion (11) when the substrate (2) is viewed in a plane perspective from the first main surface side.

Abstract: A projection system that can be incorporated in a projector includes a first lens unit that makes a screen (enlargement-side image formation plane), which is located on the enlargement-side, conjugate with an intermediate image and a second lens unit that makes the intermediate image conjugate with a reduction-side image formation plane, which is located on the reduction side. The first lens unit has positive power, and the second lens unit has negative power. A second-lens-unit intermediate-image-side first lens, which is provided in the second lens unit and closest to the intermediate image, has positive power. The following expression is satisfied: ?0.3?fU1/fU2<0 where fU1 denotes the focal length of the first lens unit, and fU2 denotes the focal length of the second lens unit.

Abstract: A scanning microscope includes an objective and a scanning element that is adjustable for a time-variable deflection to guide a focused illumination beam across the sample in a scanning movement. A detection beam is guided across sensor elements of an image sensor in a movement which corresponds to the scanning movement of the focused illumination beam. A dispersive element of a predetermined dispersive effect arranged upstream of the image sensor spatially separates different spectral components of the detection beam from one another on the image sensor. A controller detects the time-variable adjustment of the scanning element, assigns the spatially separated spectral components of the detection beam to the sensor elements of the image sensor based on the detected time-variable adjustment, while taking into account the predetermined dispersive effect of the dispersive element, and individually reads out the sensor elements assigned to the spectral components.

Abstract: A lightweight 3D stereoscopic surgical microscope has a body, a robot set, an image set, and an operating set. The body has a wheel seat, a housing mounted on the wheel seat, and a host computer mounted in the housing. The robot set is connected to the body and has a base mounted on the housing, a transversal lever mounted on the base, a lifting arm connected to the transversal lever, and a rotating arm connected to the lifting arm. The image set is connected to the robot set and has an outer casing connected to the rotating arm, at least one objective lens mounted in the outer casing, a main display screen mounted on the outer casing, an auxiliary display screen mounted beside the body. The operating set is connected to the robot set, is connected to the body and the image set and has two operating bars.

Abstract: A method for adjusting an intensity of a light beam in an optical arrangement includes passing the light beam through an acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF). The intensity of the light beam is adjusted as a function of frequency and/or amplitude of a sound wave with which the AOTF is operated. The amplitude of the sound wave at a specified sound wave frequency is selected such that the amplitude is larger than would be required to achieve a first maximum diffraction efficiency for a specified wavelength or for a specified wavelength spectrum of the light beam. The amplitude of the sound wave is also selected such that a value of an integral of a product of the transmission function of the AOTF and the wavelength spectrum of the light beam is larger than at a value of the amplitude to be selected to achieve the first maximum.

Abstract: A laser scanning microscope includes: an objective that irradiates a specimen with a laser beam; a detection lens that condenses the laser beam that passes through the specimen, the detection lens being arranged so as to face the objective; an optical element that is removably arranged between an image plane on which the detection lens forms an image of the specimen and a first surface that is a lens surface closest to the specimen of the detection lens, the optical element converting the laser beam made incident on the optical element into diffused light or deflecting a portion of the laser beam made incident on the optical element; and a photodetector that detects detection light emitted from the optical element arranged between the image plane and the first surface to the image plane.

Abstract: An adjustable light source device for a stereoscopic surgical microscope has a circuit board and multiple light sources. The circuit board is mounted in an outer casing of the stereoscopic surgical microscope and is electrically connected to a host computer of the stereoscopic surgical microscope. The light sources are electrically mounted on the circuit board at spaced intervals around two objective lenses of the stereoscopic surgical microscope and extend out of the outer casing. Each one of the light sources has a wavelength different from wavelengths of the other light sources and is controlled to emit light by an operating set of the stereoscopic surgical microscope via a program processing interface of the host computer sending signals to the circuit board. The adjustable light source device can emit lights with different wavelengths to enable the stereoscopic surgical microscope to capture clearer images for various surgical divisions.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and associated apparatus for efficiently exciting and detecting fluorescence. In a disclosed preferred embodiment, excitation lamp modules with multiple solid-state light sources shone at different oblique angles, such that multiple-beams converge in a single plane, are combined with appropriate emission filters that block the excitation light wavelengths while passing the emission wavelengths. A multitude of such modules are combined on a slider that can be accurately positioned in front of an observation point, such as a microscope's objective lens, external to the microscope, via a novel magnetic detent system, allowing for the rapid switching between the analysis of different fluorophores.

Abstract: A laser microscope 1 includes: a filter unit 18, which is a fluorescence-splitting mechanism that splits the fluorescence generated by the specimen S and the excitation light according to a wavelength, and that changes a wavelength at which light is split; a diffraction grating 22 that disperses the fluorescence split by the filter unit 18; a mirror 23 that changes a wavelength of fluorescence that is detected by a PMT 26 and that is dispersed by the diffraction grating 22; and a control unit 30 that controls the filter unit 18. The control unit 30 performs control to change a wavelength at which the filter unit 18 splits light in accordance with a change in the wavelength of the fluorescence that is detected by the PMT 26 and that is dispersed by the diffraction grating 22, the change being performed by the mirror 23.

Abstract: An adjustable dual-lens device for 3D stereoscopic surgical microscopes has an outer casing, an image set, and an adjusting set. The image set is mounted in the outer casing and has two lenses. The lenses are pivotally mounted in the outer casing at a spaced interval. The adjusting set is mounted in the outer casing and has two adjusting units. Each adjusting unit has a driving motor, a cam, and a limiting element. The driving motor is mounted in the outer casing adjacent to one of the lenses and has a driving shaft. The cam is eccentrically mounted around the driving shaft and is pressed against the lens that is adjacent to the driving motor. The limiting element is connected to the outer casing and the corresponding lens to enable the corresponding lens to press against the cam.

Abstract: A surgical microscope system includes a surgical microscope. In the surgical microscope, variable power optical systems are arranged horizontally to fold optical paths, thereby reducing a vertical size between eyepieces of the surgical microscope and a lower end of the same and expanding a working space under the surgical microscope. A camera is attached to an upper part of the surgical microscope to free a side face of the surgical microscope so that an accessory such as a fluorescent camera is attached to the side face.

Abstract: Method for obtaining an super-resolution image (22) of an object (5), based upon an optical microscope (21) including a support plate (6) for bearing the object, an illumination source (1) for focusing an illumination beam (14) onto a target region of the support plate, a digital camera (9) including a matrix of sensors, comprising: capturing, by the digital camera, a first image of the target region; extracting, from the first image, a first block of pixel values provided by a sub-matrix (B0) of the matrix of sensors; displacing, by a sub-diffraction limited distance, the support plate by the displacement block along a displacement axis; capturing, by the digital camera, a second image of the target region; extracting, from the second image, a second block of pixel values provided by the sub-matrix (B0) of the matrix of sensors; storing said first and second blocks of pixel values as a first and second blocks of pixel values to be placed right next each other in the super-resolution image along the image axi

Abstract: An observation system includes a microscope optical system, an image pickup unit, an image pickup control unit, a detection unit, and an observation control unit. The image pickup unit is configured to take an image of a field-of-view range of the microscope optical system. The image pickup control unit is configured to cause the image pickup unit to take images of an observation sample in the field-of-view range at a plurality of focal positions and generate detection images. The detection unit is configured to detect a three-dimensional position of an observation target object in the observation sample from the detection images. The observation control unit is configured to fit the field-of-view range of the microscope optical system to the three-dimensional position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microscope and a method for producing 3D images of various transparent or semi-transparent samples, fundamentally comprising: causing a relative movement according to the detection direction between the sheet of light and the sample while maintaining a constant angle of acquisition; producing, for said angle of acquisition, a single 2D projection image formed by a representative parameter for each pixel; modifying the angle of acquisition by means of a relative rotation between the sheet of light and the sample, combined with a relative vertical translation between the sheet of light and the sample, and repeating the previous steps; and generating a 3D image of each of the samples from the set of 2D projection images that are produced.

Abstract: A phase object visualization apparatus includes: an illumination optical system 11 that illuminates a phase object; an image formation optical system 12 that forms an image from light from sample S that corresponds to the phase object; and light blocking unit 10 for blocking light, the light blocking unit 10 being disposed between the sample S and an image plane formed by the image formation optical system 12, and including an aperture at a position decentered from the optical axis of the image formation optical system 12. The position of the aperture is such that an area occupied on the aperture by 0-order diffraction light from the sample S illuminated by the illumination optical system 11 becomes smaller than the total area of the aperture.

Abstract: An angled mirror for an armored vehicle includes a housing having a lower look-in window or aperture, an upper look-out window or aperture and a one-part or multipart prism located in the housing. The prism has an outside view surface which remains permanently functional in strongly sandy surroundings due to a layer made of transparent ceramic that is disposed in the look-out window or aperture.

Abstract: A stereoscopic optical system that includes an image member that is located at a position along a center optical axis and that has a first stereoscopic image area on a first side of the optical axis for receipt of a first stereoscopic image thereon and a second, separate stereoscopic image area on a second, separate side of the optical axis for receipt of a second, separate stereoscopic image thereon. The system includes an optical arrangement extending along the center optical axis and includes a roof prism with first and second roof segments. The arrangement is configured to transmit image-forming rays passing through the first roof segment to the first stereoscopic image area along a first optical path through the arrangement and is configured to transmit image-forming rays passing through the second roof segment to the second stereoscopic image area along a second, different optical path through the arrangement.

Abstract: An adaptor including: first and second optical systems; a prism comprising a mirror region, first light flux and second light flux from the respective optical systems, being incident on the prism, the light flux passing through the prism at a portion, the second light flux being reflected by a mirror region after passing through the portion, the light flux emitted from the prism to a region; and a light-shield at the region, the light-shield shields one of the first and second light flux and is disposed proximally to the prism relative to an imaging system of the endoscope when the adaptor is attached to an endoscope; the first optical system is disposed such that the first light flux is incident in a direction parallel to an optical axis, the second optical system is disposed so that the second light flux is incident in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis.

Abstract: The invention taught herein provides a method, device and system for modulating or switching electromagnetic radiation by controlling a state of the radiation, such as a polarization state. Radiation is directed at a reflective or transmissive structure, such that the radiation is incident on the structure. The structure includes a property that can be dynamically switched between two configurations, one of which is asymmetric and is configured to modify the polarization characteristic of the radiation. The dynamically configurable structure can be combined with polarization components to achieve modulation. Embodiments suitable for mode-locking a laser and for cavity dumping a mode-locked laser are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present application discloses a deflector including a substrate portion, a movable portion, a reflective portion, a support portion, and a moving mechanism. The movable portion is supported by a first end of the support portion. A second end of the support portion is supported by the substrate portion. An end of the movable portion is capable of coming into contact with the substrate portion. The reflective portion is formed on the movable portion. The moving mechanism is capable of driving the movable portion so as to bring the movable portion into at least any one of a first state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth state.

Abstract: An optical system includes a first lens unit that has a positive refractive power; a second lens unit that is arranged to move during focusing and has a positive or negative refractive power; and a third lens unit that has a positive or negative refractive power. The first lens unit, the second lens unit, and the third lens unit are disposed in that order from an object side to an image side. During the focusing, an interval between adjacent lens units changes. In the optical system, a focal length f of the entire optical system, a distance LD along an optical axis from a lens surface of the first lens unit that is closest to the object side to an image plane, a material of positive lenses included in the first lens unit, and an arrangement of the positive lenses included in the first lens unit are appropriately set.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a head-up display device that allows a viewer to view an actual scene overlapped with a virtual image, and that is capable of creating a display image with suppressed luminance variation. A MEMS scanner scans synthesized laser light two-dimensionally in the main scanning direction H and the sub-scanning direction V substantially orthogonal to the main scanning direction H. A controller unit causes a first scan for generating a display image M on a transmissive screen by scanning in the main scanning direction H at high speed while scanning in the sub-scanning direction V, and a second scan for scanning a position displaced more toward the sub-scanning direction V than the first scan on the transmissive screen.

Abstract: An image rendering apparatus includes a light source unit, an optical scanner, a scanner control unit configured to control a frequency for the optical scanner to scan the laser light in the main scanning direction, and a light source driving unit. The scanner control unit multiplies the frequency by n and the light source driving unit changes time intervals at which pixels are rendered on scanning lines in the main scanning direction to 1/nth and controls the light source unit in such a way that the light source unit renders a plurality of pixels corresponding to one scanning line at least once during n scans in the main scanning direction and in such a way that the light source unit will not render pixels on scanning line(s) other than the scanning lines on which the pixels have been rendered.

Abstract: An object image extraction unit (110) extracts, from a photographed image of ahead of a vehicle, an extracted object image matching an extraction condition among a plurality of object images. A display allocation area specifying unit (130) specifies in the photographed image, an area that does not overlap any extracted object image and that is in contact with any extracted object image, as a display allocation area of guidance information, and identifies an adjacent extracted object image that is in contact with the display allocation area and a tangent of the adjacent extracted object image to the display allocation area. An object space coordinate calculation unit (140) calculates a three-dimensional space coordinate of an object of the adjacent extracted object image, as an object space coordinate.

Abstract: A vehicle, a head-up displaying system and a projector are provided, the projector including a displaying component (1) configured to project an image, and a three-mirror optical device positioned in an optical path of an emergent light of the displaying component (1), configured to reflect the image projected by the displaying component (1) onto a front windshield (5) such that the front windshield (5) reflects the image to eyes of a driver and including: a zoom lens assembly (2) having a zoom lens (21) for zooming in/out the image projected by the displaying component (1), and a first curvature adjusting component configured to adjust a curvature of the zoom lens (21); an image quality compensation lens assembly (3) having an image quality compensation lens (31) configured to compensate for an image quality distortion caused during a change of the curvature of the zoom lens (21), and a second curvature adjusting component configured to adjust a curvature of the image quality compensation lens (31); and a fr

Abstract: A mixed reality system may comprise a head-mounted display (HMD) device with a location sensor and a base station, mounted a predetermined offset from the location sensor, that emits an electromagnetic field (EMF). An EMF sensor affixed to an object may sense the EMF, forming a magnetic tracking system. The HMD device may determine a relative location of the EMF sensor therefrom and determine a location of the EMF sensor in space based on the relative location, the predetermined offset, and the location of the location sensor. An optical tracking system comprising a marker an optical sensor configured to capture optical data may be included to augment the magnetic tracking system based on the optical data and a location of the optical sensor or marker. The HMD device may display augmented reality images and overlay a hologram corresponding to the location of the EMF sensor over time.

Abstract: Embodiments regard fabrication of air gap regions in multicomponent lens systems. An embodiment of an apparatus includes a first lens, the first lens including a pattern of photoresist material; a second lens bonded with the first lens by the photoresist material; and an air gap region between the first lens and the second lens. The photoresist pattern defines the air gap region between the first lens and the second lens.

Abstract: A head-mounted equipment capable of displaying images includes: a head-worn member, a visor, a face-worn member and a display. The head-worn member has a front edge, and the visor is attached to the front edge of the head-worn member and is partially reflective and partially transparent. The face-worn member has a wearing surface and an opposite mounting surface, and the display is mounted on the mounting surface of the face-worn member to project an image to the visor.

Abstract: Various embodiments relating to editing holograms by extending real world interfaces are disclosed. One embodiment includes a computing device configured to communicatively couple to a head mounted display device having an at least partially see-through display. The computing device includes a non-see-through display, a user input device, and a processor configured to determine whether a user focus is on an image or a hologram, if a determination is made that the user focus is on the image, map the user input to a first coordinate space of the non-see-through display, and if a determination is made that the user focus is the on the hologram, map the user input to a second coordinate space of the head mounted display device.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to modular expansion systems for use in head-worn computing systems.

Abstract: An image display device 1 includes a laser light source unit 10, a screen 12 formed of at least two diffusion members, a vibration mechanism 13 vibrating at least one diffusion member, and a scanning element 11 scanning laser light in a first direction (a y direction) on the screen and a second direction (an x direction) orthogonal to the first direction. A scanning speed of the scanning element 11 in the second direction is faster than a scanning speed in the first direction, and a diameter D of the laser light in the first direction on the screen is greater than an interval Yp in the first direction on the scanning trajectory in the second direction on the screen. Accordingly, it is possible to provide an image display device displaying an image having a low speckle with high luminance, without vibrating the diffusion member at a high speed.

Abstract: An illumination optical apparatus illuminates a pattern on a mask with illumination light. The illumination optical apparatus includes an optical integrator arranged in an optical path of the illumination light, and a polarization member made of optical material with optical rotatory power, which is arranged in the optical path on an incidence side of the optical integrator, and which changes a polarization state of the illumination light. The illumination light from the polarization member is irradiated onto the pattern through a pupil plane of the illumination optical apparatus.

Abstract: Lighting modules and lighting systems containing one or more lighting modules, and associated methods, are provided that receive light from one or more light sources for projecting it to a target surface, e.g., in a uniform, patterned, or other controlled manner. In various embodiments, the lighting modules and lighting systems can be used to mix the light generated by one or more sources.

Abstract: Tapered cavity structures disposed within a stratum may be configured as a spectral component splitters, a spectral component combiners, and various combinations thereof including a reflective mode of operation. The tapered cavities have an aperture at their wider and a tip at the narrower, and are dimensioned such that multi-spectral radiant energy admitted into the cavity via the aperture would depart the tapered cavity via its side periphery at a depth and/or direction dependent on its frequency and/or its polarization, and that a plurality of spectral components admitted to the cavities via the its peripheral side or sides will be mixed and emitted via the aperture. Reflective type structures where portions of radiant energy is selectively absorbed and other portions are reflected are also considered. Differing stratums are disclosed.

Abstract: A dynamic imaging system of an endoscope that adjusts path length differences or focal points to expand a usable depth of field. The imaging system utilizes a variable lens to adjust the focal plane of the beam or an actuated sensor to adjust the detected focal plane. The imaging system is thus capable of capturing and adjusting the focal plane of separate images captured on separate sensors. The separate light beams may be differently polarized by a variable wave plate or a polarized beam splitter to allow separate manipulation of the beams for addition of more frames. These differently focused frames are then combined using image fusion techniques.

Abstract: Optical apparatus for use with an image capture device having an optical input and an image sensor (22) defining a principal optical axis therebetween, the apparatus being configured to provide, via said input, a plurality of substantially parallel, spaced-apart optical beams to said image sensor (22), and comprising: a first optical unit (26) comprising a plurality of optical elements (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20), at least a first one of said optical elements being a first refractive element (12, 14, 18, 20) for refracting an optical beam incident thereon through substantially 90°; and a plurality of focusing lenses (lens0, lens1, lens2, lens3, lens4, lens5), each focusing lens being associated with a respective optical element and being configured to direct a respective incident optical beam thereon; wherein the focusing lens associated with said refractive element is arranged and configured to direct an incident optical beam thereon at substantially 90° to said principal optical axis, and the refractive ele

Abstract: The invention provides a thin film with integrated grating and polarizer. The thin film with integrated grating and polarizer includes a grating film and a polarizer film. The polarizer film is prepared on a light incident side of the grating film and thereby the grating film and the polarizer film are disposed integrally. By the above method, the invention can reduce film thickness and simplify manufacturing process.

Abstract: A multi-layered display system (e.g., a display including multiple display panels) includes at least first and second displays (e.g., display panels or display layers) arranged substantially parallel to each other in order to display three-dimensional (3D) features to a viewer(s). A refractive element is arranged on a top surface of the first display layer or between the first and second display layers. Index matching material may be provided between the first and second displays.

Abstract: A method of creating an apparent three-dimensional image of an object includes determining a first position of a user, creating a first two-dimensional image of the object, determining a second position of the user that is different from the first position, creating a second two-dimensional image of the object that is different from the first two-dimensional image, presenting the first two-dimensional image to the user only when the user is disposed in the first position, and presenting the second two-dimensional image to the user only when the user is disposed in the second position to thereby create the apparent three-dimensional image. A display system is also disclosed.

Abstract: Liquid crystal devices are described that maintain performance of polarization/amplitude modulation under high irradiance conditions. Configurations that isolate polarizing elements under high thermal load are discussed which allow other elements, such as glass, which may be sensitive to stress birefringence to remain near optimum thermal conditions.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to beamsplitters useful in color combiners, and in particular color combiners useful in small size format projectors such as pocket projectors. The disclosed beamsplitters and color combiners include a tilted dichroic reflective polarizer plate having at least two dichroic reflective polarizers tilted at different angles relative to incident light beams, with light collection optics to combine at least two colors of light.

Abstract: An optical collimating unit is provided that comprises a laser unit, and a lens having three optical surfaces, being a first refractive surface, a second reflective surface and a third refractive surface. Also provided is a light projection device comprising an optical collimating unit that comprises a laser unit, a lens and an optical component configured to shape laser beams being emitted into respective desired light patterns.

Abstract: Electromagnetic wave focusing devices and optical apparatuses including the same are provided. An electromagnetic wave focusing device may include a plurality of material members located at different distances from a reference point. The intervals and/or widths of the material members may vary with distance from the reference point. For example, the intervals and/or widths of the material members may increase or decrease with distance from the reference point. The intervals and/or widths of the material members may be controlled to satisfy a spatial coherence condition with the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: An assembly method of a SMA assembly, includes disposing a lens holder unit on a SMA unit, the lens holder unit being provided with a first spring, a lens holder and a coil that are mounted on the first spring, with the first spring pressed against a mounting surface of the SMA unit; and bonding the first spring of the lens holder unit with the mounting surface of the SMA unit. The assembly process is simplified, the coating and soldering space become big to facilitate the bonding process, and the joining force between the SMA unit and the lens holder unit is enhanced.

Abstract: Provided is an optical system including, in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens unit having a positive refractive power; an aperture stop; and a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, the second lens unit including: a focusing lens sub-unit which is moved on an optical axis during focusing; and an image stabilizing lens sub-unit, which is arranged between the focusing lens sub-unit and an image plane, and is moved in a direction having a component orthogonal to the optical axis during image stabilization, in which the configuration of the first lens unit, a focal length of the entire system, and a distance between the first lens unit and the second lens unit on the optical axis when focused at infinity are each appropriately set.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for comparing first and second ophthalmic lenses, including: —a first optical function providing step, during which a first optical function of a first ophthalmic lens LI is provided, the first optical function including at least a first set of values of an optical parameter Gj, the values of the first set of values corresponding to the values of the optical parameter of the first ophthalmic lens in a set of gaze directions, —a similar second optical function providing step directed to a second ophthalmic lens L2, —a subsets determining step, during which at least a first and a second subset of gaze directions are selected, —a comparison step for each subset of gaze directions, —an assignment step, during which a subset status is assigned to each subset of gaze directions, the subset status being selected among at least three levels.

Abstract: A contact lens (1) comprises an optical zone (5) extending with a first diameter (A) about an optical axis (X) of the lens, and is provided with a first dioptric power and a central region (6), extending about the optical axis (X) with a second diameter (B), smaller than the first diameter, inside which is provided an optically inactive zone (7) with a diameter smaller than 0.5 mm.

Abstract: A technology concerns a spectacle lens to suppress unnecessary convergence. In the spectacle lens, when an inner horizontal direction of the spectacle lens is a direction toward the nose of a user who wears the spectacle lens, and an outer horizontal direction of the spectacle lens is a direction toward an ear of the user, a shape of a base in prism is formed in a portion in which power continuously changes and through which a main line of sight, influenced by convergence of the user of the spectacle lens, passes such that at least a part of a base out prism, which may be generated in the portion, is cancelled.