Abstract: A composition comprises a nonaqeuous, liquid carrier, an inhibitor compound, and a colorant composition comprising an azo colorant. A method for making the composition is also provided. A method for making a fertilizer composition using the disclosed composition is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plant and a process for producing propylene at least one oxygenate, comprising a reactor for converting the reactant mixture into a product mixture which comprises propylene and also aliphatic and aromatic C5+ hydrocarbons, at least one distillation column for removing a C5+ stream, the C5+ stream comprising at least 90 wt % of the aliphatic and aromatic C5+ hydrocarbons of the product mixture, an extractive distillation column for separating the C5+ stream into an aromatics stream and an aliphatics stream, the aliphatics stream comprising at least 90 wt % of the aliphatics of the C5+ stream, and the aromatics stream comprising at least 90 wt % of the aromatics of the C5+ stream, and an aliphatics recycle line for at least partial recycling of the aliphatics stream to the reactor. According to the invention, an aromatics recycle line is provided which returns the aromatics stream at least partially as extractant into the extractive distillation column.

Abstract: A method of producing a purified mixed xylene comprising: introducing toluene and methanol to an alkylation reactor; reacting the toluene and the methanol in the alkylation reactor to form a hydrocarbon stream comprising a first mixed xylene, wherein the alkylation reactor comprises an alkylation catalyst; separating the hydrocarbon stream into a toluene stream and a separated C8+ stream; introducing the toluene stream to a transalkylation reactor with a transalkylation catalyst to produce a transalkylated stream comprising a second mixed xylene; adding the transalkylated stream to the hydrocarbon stream; and separating a C8 product stream comprising the purified mixed xylene from the separated C8+ stream.

Abstract: A process for producing xylenes, in particular para-xylene that is less energy intensive than conventional processes is provided. In an embodiment the process comprises contacting a feed mixture in an isomerization zone with a catalyst at isomerization conditions and producing an isomerized product comprising a higher proportion of p-xylene than in the feed mixture, wherein the catalyst comprises an acidic sulfonated catalytic membrane. Xylene isomerization can also be coupled with a p-xylene extraction process, where the raffinate (p-xylene deprived stream) from the extraction process is fed to an isomerization reactor to produce p-xylene.

Abstract: A process for extracting isoprene from a pyrolysis gas mixture or a C5 fraction wherein isoprene is purified by plural extractive distillations in the presence of a polar solvent and cyclopentadiene is effectively removed and recycled as a feedstock without being converted into its dimer, dicyclopentadiene. The isoprene recovered from the process described is more than 99.5% pure.

Abstract: Ethylene glycol is prepared from a carbohydrate source in a process, wherein hydrogen, the carbohydrate source, a liquid diluent and a catalyst system are introduced as reactants into a reaction zone; wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound and ruthenium as hydrogenolysis metal and further at least one promoter metal, selected from transition and post-transition metals; wherein the carbohydrate source is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst system to yield a product mixture comprising ethylene glycol and butylene glycol. Butylene glycol may selectively be removed from the product mixture by azeotropic distillation using an entraining agent.

Abstract: Ethylene glycol is prepared from a carbohydrate source in a process, wherein hydrogen, the carbohydrate source, a liquid diluent and a catalyst system are provided as reactants into a reaction zone; wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound and at least one hydrogenolysis metal selected from the noble metals Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir and combinations thereof; wherein the carbohydrate source is introduced into the reaction zone such that in the reaction zone the concentration of the carbohydrate source in the diluent is at least 4% wt, calculated as weight of carbohydrate source per weight of diluent; wherein the amount of the at least one hydrogenolysis metal selected from the noble metals Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir and combinations thereof ranges from 0.2 to 1.

Abstract: A method for producing high-efficiency methanol capable of reducing emission of carbon dioxide. The method includes: a first step of preparing mixed gas by using steam and natural gas as raw materials and converting C2+ hydrocarbon contained in the natural gas into methane on a catalyst; a second step of preparing a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen by reforming the mixed gas in a reformer filled with a reforming catalyst; and a third step of preparing methanol by using the synthesis gas as the raw material and reacting the synthesis gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stripping method capable of recovering, by an environmentally friendly method, a high-purity ester-based compound without concern over the oxidation of an ester-based compound from a mixture containing the ester-based compound. The stripping method has advantages of generating no wastewater, enabling equipment costs to be reduced by simplifying the process, removing concern over the oxidation of an ester-based compound during the process, and enabling the reuse of the components recovered in the process.

Abstract: A process of purifying 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) from a fermentation broth including separating solid materials, salts and water, and subjecting the resulting material to a two, three or four column distillation system, that can include a wiped film evaporator to produce a purified 1,4-butanediol.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the separation of MEG from a glycol stream comprising MEG and 1,2-BDO, said process comprising the steps of: (a) providing the glycol stream and an azeotrope-forming agent to a distillation column, (b) subjecting the glycol stream and the azeotrope-forming agent to distillation at a distillation temperature and a distillation pressure; (c) obtaining a first overhead stream comprising an azeotrope of MEG and the azeotrope-forming agent and a first bottoms stream comprising 1,2-BDO; and (d) subjecting the first overhead stream to phase separation in the presence of water to obtain an MEG-rich aqueous stream and an azeotrope-forming agent rich stream, wherein the azeotrope-forming agent is an organic solvent that forms a homogeneous azeotrope with MEG and does not form an azeotrope with 1,2-BDO at the distillation temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A method of producing an alcohol, comprises reducing an aldehyde or a ketone with a hydridosilatrane. The reducing is carried out with an activator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I) to cosmetic compositions comprising same, and also to the use thereof for preventing and/or cosmetically treating the signs of aging of the skin.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) by oxidative cleavage of a compound of formula (II), which is a bicyclic tetrasubstituted olefin compound, using hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A method for producing ketones includes a) providing a feedstock of biological origin having fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less; b) subjecting the feedstock to a catalytic ketonization reaction in the presence of aK2O/TiO2-catalyst; and c) obtaining from the ketonization reaction a product stream having ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in the feedstock, wherein step b) is carried out directly on the feedstock and in the presence of the K2O/TiO2-catalyst as the sole catalyst applied in the ketonization reaction.

Abstract: Methods of preparing unsaturated compounds or analogs through dehydrogenation of corresponding saturated compounds and/or hydrogenation of aromatic compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: A process is described for making acrylic acid from dextrose, which comprises fermenting dextrose; removing solids from the resulting fermentation broth; removing lactic acid from the clarified broth by extraction into an organic solvent; separating out the lactic acid-loaded organic solvent while recycling at least a portion of the remainder back to the fermentation step; reacting the lactic acid with ammonia to provide a dehydration feed comprising ammonium lactate while preferably recycling the organic solvent; carrying out a vapor phase dehydration of the ammonium lactate to produce a crude acrylic acid product; and purifying the crude acrylic acid by distillation followed by melt crystallization, chromatography or both melt crystallization and chromatography.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing succinic acid crystals, comprising double crystallisation and the use of at least one surfactant during the first crystallisation step. The invention also relates to the succinic acid crystals obtained from a fermentation medium, characterised in that they have a colour index b, measured in the reference system L, a, b, that is less than or equal to 1.00, preferably less than or equal to 0.90, and, better still, less than or equal to 0.80.

Abstract: Processes for the purification of bio-based acrylic acid to crude and glacial acrylic acid are provided. The bio-based acrylic acid is produced from hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. The purification includes some or all of the following processes: extraction, drying, distillation, and melt crystallization. The produced glacial or crude acrylic acid contains hydroxypropionic, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof as an impurity.

Abstract: A method for crystallizing succinic acid includes agitating a succinic acid reaction solution with a jet-flow agitator that is rotated at low speed and has a low volume power density; compared with the conventional agitators, the jet-flow agitator helps increase the uniformity of succinic acid particles, shorten the time required for crystallizing succinic acid, and raise the yield of the crystallized succinic acid as well as purity of crystallized succinic acid having a purity of 99.8-99.9%.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid, comprising: reacting 4-phenyl-1-butanol with sodium chlorite, a nitroxyl radical catalyst and sodium hypochlorite in an organic solvent and a phosphate buffer; and quenching the reaction with sodium sulfite to produce 4-phenyl-1-butyric. Also provided is 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid prepared by such a process.

Abstract: Subject-matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of a key intermediate in the synthesis of indacaterol. Subject-matter of the invention are also new synthesis intermediates.

Abstract: A mild and efficient synthesis of primary amines and amides from aldehydes or ketones using a heterogeneous metal catalyst and amine donor is disclosed. The initial heterogeneous metal-catalyzed reaction between the carbonyl and the amine donor components is followed by the addition of a suitable acylating agent component in one-pot, thus providing a catalytic one-pot three-component synthesis of amides. Integration of enzyme catalysis allows for eco-friendly one-pot co-catalytic synthesis of amides from aldehyde and ketone substrates, respectively. The process can be applied to asymmetric synthesis or to the co-catalytic one-pot three-component synthesis of capsaicin and its analogues from vanillin or vanillyl alcohol. A co-catalytic reductive amination/dynamic kinetic resolution (dkr) relay sequence for the asymmetric synthesis of optically active amides from ketones is disclosed.

Abstract: Process for preparing isophoronediamine, characterized in that A) isophoronenitrile is subjected directly in one stage to aminating hydrogenation to give isophoronediamine in the presence of ammonia, hydrogen, a hydrogenation catalyst and possibly further additions, and in the presence or absence of organic solvents; or B) isophoronenitrile is first converted fully or partly in at least two or more than two stages to isophoronenitrile imine, and this isophoronenitrile imine is subjected to aminating hydrogenation to give isophoronediamine as a pure substance or in a mixture with other components and/or isophoronenitrile, in the presence of at least ammonia, hydrogen and a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyetheramine by reacting a polyether alcohol, previously synthesized in the presence of a basic potassium or sodium compound as catalyst, with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst in one reactor or a plurality of reactors, wherein the employed polyether alcohol when previously synthesized in the presence of a basic potassium compound as catalyst has a content of potassium ions of less than 50 wppm and when previously synthesized in the presence of a basic sodium compound as catalyst has a content of sodium ions of less than 50 wppm.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds which are especially suitable for use as writing monomers in holographic media. The invention further provides a photopolymer and a holographic medium comprising the inventive compounds, and an optical display, a security document and a holographic optical element comprising an inventive holographic medium.

Abstract: ?-Substituted ?-amino acids, ?-substituted ?-amino acid derivatives, and ?-substituted ?-amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and their use as chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The ?-substituted ?-amino acid derivatives and ?-substituted ?-amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres are selective LAT1/4F2hc substrates and exhibit rapid uptake and retention in tumors expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter. Methods of synthesizing the ?-substituted ?-amino acid derivatives and ?-substituted ?-amino acid analogs and methods of using the compounds for treating cancer are also disclosed. The ?-substituted ?-amino acid derivatives and ?-substituted ?-amino acid analogs exhibit selective uptake in tumor cells expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter and accumulate in cancerous cells when administered to a subject in vivo. The ?-substituted ?-amino acid derivatives and ?-substituted ?-amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit cytotoxicity toward several tumor types.

Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and method of using the MOFs to catalyze reactions involving epoxide ring-opening mechanisms are provided. The structure of the MOFs can be represented by the formula: M6(?3-ligand)8(OHx)8(TBAPy)2, where M is Zr or Hf, the ligands are selected from hydroxo-, oxo- and aquo-ligands, and x is independently selected from 1 or 2.

Abstract: Method for preparation of 5-alkylsalicylaldoximes with formula 1, where R is a C6-C16 alkyl group, consisting in that into a water-alcohol solvent system, p-alkylphenol, sodium hydroxide, chloroform and hydroxylamine are introduced, while in relation to the alkylphenol used, sodium hydroxide and chloroform are used in amounts from the stoichiometric amount to a 100% excess, and hydroxylamine is used in amounts from the stoichiometric amount to a 60% excess, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-75° C. for 1.5-4 h, and then, at a temperature of 20-30° C., the post-reaction mixture is acidified till the pH of the aqueous phase <7.0 is obtained, and next, an alcohol-water azeotrope is distilled off with an admixture of unreacted chloroform, the residue is mixed with a neutral C5-C10 hydrocarbon solvent, the layers are separated, and the solvent is distilled off from the organic phase.

Abstract: Plant for the synthesis of urea, comprising: a synthesis section comprising at least one reactor, a compressor for supplying CO2 to said synthesis section, a gas turbine for the operation of said CO2 compressor and a heat recovery steam generator; the heat source of said heat recovery steam generator consists of the exhaust gases of said gas turbine, and at least one steam flow produced by said heat recovery steam generator is used as heat source for at least one component of said urea plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compositions having anti-viral activity and in particular it relates to synergistic compositions active against Hepatitis C virus (HCV). The invention also relates to methods for retarding, reducing or otherwise inhibiting HCV growth and/or functional activity.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a compound comprising an aromatic ring, a polyelectrolyte membrane comprising the same, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane, a fuel cell comprising the membrane-electrode assembly, and a redox flow battery comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and compositions relating to the treatment of e.g., cancer, autoimmune disease, immune deficiency, and/or neurodegenerative disease. In some embodiments, the methods of treatment relate to administering a compound as described herein. In some embodiments, the subject treated according to the methods described herein is a subject determined to have an increased level of DNA damage.

Abstract: Agents, compositions, and methods for regulating cardiac rhythmicity are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a connector tongue element (1) for an electrical connector plug receptacle (4), the connector tongue element comprising: a flexible printed circuit (10) having an attachment portion (11); connector pins (12) attached and electrically connected to the flexible printed circuit at the attachment portion; and a first body (13) of polymeric material molded around at least a part of the attachment portion to form a connector base portion (14), the first body mechanically secures the attachment of the connector pins to the flexible printed circuit, wherein the connector pins extend from the connector base portion in a withdrawal direction along which an electrical connector plug is adapted to be withdrawn from the electrical connector plug receptacle; wherein the connector pins form a connector tongue portion (16) extending from the connector base portion in the withdrawal direction; and wherein the first body allow the connector pins to present connecting surfaces for connecting the

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to novel forms of apremilast and pharmaceutical compositions comprising any of the novel forms of apremilast. Also provided are processes for the preparation of novel forms of apremilast.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I): (I) or a salt thereof, wherein Q, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b, R3, R4, R5a, R5b, R6a, R6c, R7a, R7b, R7c, and R7d are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

Abstract: Provided are methods and/or systems to convert sulfide intermediates to sulfilimines using a series of continuous loop reactors instead of a batch reactor. The advantages of the methods and systems provided include improved total yield, improved heat management, improved phase mixing, and/or improved volume management.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing [(3-hydroxypyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-alkanoic acids, derivatives, inter alia, 5-aryl substituted and 5-heteroaryl substituted [(3-hydroxypyridine-2-carbonyl]amino}acetic acids. Further disclosed are methods for making prodrugs of [(3-hydroxypyridine-2-carbonyl)-amino]acetic acids, for example, {(3-hydroxypyridine-2-carbonyl]amino}acetic acid esters and {[3-hydroxypyridine-2-carbonyl]amino}acetic acid amides. The disclosed compounds are useful as prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors or for treating conditions wherein prolyl hydroxylase inhibition is desired.

Abstract: Quinolines, polyquinolines, polybenzoquinolines, molecular segments of fullerenes and graphene nanoribbons, and graphene nanoribbons and processes for producing such materials are provided. The processes utilize a form of an aza-Diels-Alder (Povarov) reaction to first form quinolines and/or polyquinolines. In some such embodiments polyquinolines thus produced are used to form graphene nanoribbon precursors, and molecular segments and graphene nanoribbons. In many such embodiments the graphene nanoribbon precursors are formed from polybenzoquinolines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula (I) wherein X is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; R is a hydrogen atom or alkyl; R1 is (1) cyclopropyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms or (2) phenyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms; R2 is alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, a halogen atom, cyano, etc.; and R3 is 7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridinyl, 3-pyridyl, etc., or a salt thereof. The compound of the present invention has excellent antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile and is useful for the prevention or treatment of intestinal infection such as Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

Abstract: Chelation directed C—H activation reactions that are catalyzed by Pd(11) on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), or graphene are provided. The reactions are used to directly and regioselectively or regiospecifically functionalize specific C—H bonds, e.g. to build complexity into small molecules. Features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description of invention that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The invention will be realized and attained by the compositions and methods particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a method for identifying complementary chemical functionalities to form a desired supramolecular synthon. The subject invention also pertains to multiple-component phase compositions comprising one or more pharmaceutical entities and methods for producing such compositions.

Abstract: Pyrazolyl carboxylic acid and pyrazolyl urea derivatives have been synthesized, which are useful in the manufacture of cephalosporin antibiotic compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a class of compounds useful in cell culture, in particular, the in vitro culture of stem cells. The compounds have been found to promote the survival and/or maintenance of stem cells in (or during) culture and/or throughout passage.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses compounds capable of modulating the activity of ?-amino-?-carboxymuconic acid semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD), which are useful for the prevention and/or the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with defects in NAD+ biosynthesis, e.g., metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, kidney diseases, and diseases associated with ageing. The present application also discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds and the use of such compounds as a medicament.

Abstract: The invention relates to besylate and tosylate salts of {8-fluoro-2-[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-3-[2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl} acetic acid and solvates thereof, to the use thereof in a method of treating and/or preventing virus infections, and to the use thereof to produce drugs for use in treating and/or preventing diseases, in particular use as antiviral agents, in particular against cytomegaloviruses.

Abstract: The present invention relates compounds of the formula: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, useful as sodium channel blockers, as well as compositions containing the same, processes for the preparation of the same, and therapeutic methods of use therefore in promoting hydration of mucosal surfaces and the treatment of diseases including cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, acute and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and pneumonia.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the integrated production of urea and melamine. A urea production zone produces a urea synthesis stream comprising urea, water and ammonium carbamate. This stream is subjected to processing, preferably involving stripping, so as to separate an aqueous urea stream from residual dissociated carbamate vapor comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. The urea is fed to a melamine synthesis zone and subjected to melamine forming conditions so as to form melamine and off-gas comprising carbon dioxide and ammonia. The dissociated carbamate vapor and the melamine off-gas are subjected to combined condensation so as to form a dilute melamine off-gas condensate.

Abstract: Novel crystalline Forms of trisodium [3-((1S,3R)-1-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-1-butyl carbamoyl) propionate-(S)-3?-methyl-T-(pentanoyl{2?-(tetrazol-5-ylate)biphenyl-4?-ylmethyl}amino)butyrate] hydrate, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these new forms, and use of them for treating or delaying progression or onset of diseases or disorders related to activity of angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1) blockage and neprilysin (NEP) inhibition, such as heart failure, are disclosed.