Abstract: A method for non-invasive assessment of intracranial pressure includes providing an image recording device, recording at least one image of a retina part of an eye of a person using said image recording device, identifying, in said at least one image, at least one artery and at least one vein associated with said artery, determining, in said image, a first characteristic diameter value for said identified artery, determining, in said image, a second characteristic diameter value for said identified vein, calculating an arteriovenous ratio, A/V ratio, based on said first and second characteristic diameter values, and comparing said arteriovenous ratio with a threshold value to estimate intracranial pressure.

Abstract: A power-optimized eco-system for tracking a user's health comprises: one or more wearable remote sensors, each wirelessly communicating only with one wearable central sensor; a portable device readily accessible to the user; and a cloud platform. Each sensor is configured to measure data indicative of one or more physiological parameters. The central sensor is configured to receive and subsequently process data measured by each remote sensor, to process data measured by the central sensor, and to generate corresponding instructions. The portable device comprises: a receiver wirelessly receiving the processed data and instructions from the central sensor; a processor running a mobile application handling the processed data and instructions; and a transmitter. The cloud platform is configured to: receive the processed data from the transmitter; analyze the received processed data; and transmit the results of the analysis to at least one of the portable device and an authorized healthcare entity.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an ECG monitoring system includes two or more electrodes configured to record cardiac potentials from a patient, at least one processor, and a rapid acquisition module executable on the at least one processor to: determine that an impedance of each electrode is less than an impedance threshold; record initial ECG lead data based on the cardiac potentials; determine that a noise level in each ECG lead of the initial ECG data is less than a noise threshold; start a recording timer once the noise level is below the noise threshold; record an ECG dataset while the noise level is maintained below the noise threshold until the recording timer reaches a predetermined test duration; store the ECG dataset and provide a completion alert.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for identifying areas of the heart of a patient able to be involved in the perpetuation of atrial fibrillation. This method takes into account the reference cycle of the arrhythmia and has two variants: a local variant in which the areas of the heart are each analysed separately and a regional variant in which several areas of the heart are analysed together. The invention also concerns device for implementing said method a program and the medium thereof.

Abstract: A cardiac monitoring device includes: at least one sensing electrode for obtaining an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal from a patient; a processing unit comprising at least one processor operatively coupled to the at least one sensing electrode; and at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the cardiac monitoring device to: obtain the ECG signal from the at least one sensing electrode; determine a transformed ECG signal based on the ECG signal; extract at least one value representing at least one feature of the transformed ECG signal; provide the at least one value to determine a score associated with the ECG signal, thereby providing an ECG-derived score; compare the ECG-derived score to a predetermined threshold score determined by machine learning; and provide an indication of a cardiac event if the ECG-derived score is one of above or below the predetermined threshold score determined by the machine learning

Abstract: Catheters, systems, and related methods for optimized for mapping, minimizing, and treating cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate, wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal, wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the quantitative determination of an individual's risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) is described. Risk stratification is accomplished (and may have a sensitivity and specificity of greater than about 90%) by determining the presence in any individual being tested for SCD risk of sequences identified herein to correlate quantitatively with SCD risk. Both the number of such sequences present and their alignment scores (similarity) with the SCD risk sequence ensemble are used to calculate quantitative SCD risk.

Abstract: A method of reconstruction of the standard 12-lead surface EKG given values of the electrical potential from an implanted medical device is described. This implanted device can be oriented in an arbitrary fashion and reconstruction technique is obtained through physical measurement of the orientation of the implanted device or correlation with a standard 12-lead EKG obtained from the patient.

Abstract: A rehabilitation system using an artificially intelligent horseback-riding apparatus for hippotherapy, the system comprising: an artificially intelligent horseback-riding apparatus which is ridable; a smartphone which can communicate with a cloud server and has installed an application for controlling the operation state of the artificially intelligent horseback-riding apparatus and operating the horseback-riding apparatus; a diagnostic device which is for diagnosing the state of a patient by means of a brain wave signal of the patient; an operating unit which is for operating the artificially intelligent horseback-riding apparatus; and a cloud server which is for storing, in the smartphone, treatment program and data, necessary for a patient treatment, and for transmitting same.

Abstract: The present invention relates a novel system and method to diagnose and predict systemic disorders including brain disorders and mental states in early stage and more accurately. More particularly, this invention relates to a novel method of EEG recording and processing through which multiple output data streams are taken together from a system like brain and the structure of their correlation matrix is studied through its eigenvector, eigendirection and eigenspaces and other signal processing techniques including compression sensing, wavelet transform, fast fourier transform etc.

Abstract: An electrode module is positioned inside an intracranial portion of a human head. Then, it captures brain images of the human head so multiples two dimensional (2D) cross-sectional images are obtained. The electrodes can be seen in one or more 2D cross-sectional images. A brain functional map adjusting portion is provided to obtain the 2D cross-sectional images and then to conduct a proportional deformation process for the images in the brain functional map database. By combining the processed images in the brain functional map database and the 2D cross-sectional images, multiple combined cross-sectional images can be obtained for display. So, the effects of intracranial electrodes are better than the traditional way. In addition, the brain structure information of a patient contains the precise positions of the electrodes and the corresponding brain functional areas.

Abstract: Physiological monitoring can be provided through an actigraphy sensor imbedded into an electrocardiography monitor, which correlates movement and electrocardiographic data. Physiological monitoring can be provided through a wearable monitor that includes two components, a flexible extended wear electrode patch and a removable reusable monitor recorder. The wearable monitor sits centrally on the patient's chest along the sternum. The patient can place an electrode patch anywhere within the general region of the sternum. The occurrence of actigraphy events are monitored by the monitor recorder through an actigraphy sensor. Actigraphy becomes a recordable actigraphy event occurrence when the movement of the wearable monitor and, therefore, the patient, exceeds a certain criteria threshold of acceleration or deceleration as detected by the actigraphy sensor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described for qualifying peaks included among a collected EMG signal and include methods where various test groupings of peaks may be constructed from among a group of peaks. Methods and apparatuses herein may facilitate identification of patterns of abnormal motor manifestation, initiation of alarms if those patterns are identified, and the organization of data for inclusion in a searchable medical database.

Abstract: A method of analyzing hydrocarbon-related data is disclosed. Data representative of a hydrocarbon entity is presented. A physiological response of a viewer of the data is sensed. The physiological response is associated with the data. The data and a representation of the associated physiological response is outputted.

Abstract: Reference data relating to a portion of a patient anatomy during patient motion can be acquired from a magnetic resonance imaging system (MRI) to develop a patient motion library. During a time of interest, tracking data is acquired that can be related to the reference data. Partial volumetric data is acquired during the time of interest and at approximately the same time as the acquisition of the tracking data. A volumetric image of patient anatomy that represents a particular motion state can be constructed from the acquired partial volumetric data and acquired tracking data.

Abstract: A detection device for detecting and characterizing biological energy fields emitted by biological specimens is configured to collect and analyze an electromagnetic signal that includes millimeter-length waves generated by the interaction of atmospheric plasma with torsion waves of the biological energy field. The device performs spectral analysis on the millimeter waves to determine characteristics of the corresponding torsion waves that generated them. An array of several hundred non-thermal plasma plumes are placed directly in front of a circular horn. A switchable circular polarizer is used to select left hand circular, linear or right hand circular polarization. A low noise frequency converter allows a noise temperature of less than 1150 K. A frequency scan and averaging algorithm is developed to characterize noise temperature versus frequency, comparing signal and noise levels between plasma on and plasma off, and switching polarization sense.

Abstract: Electrode array for monitoring of physiological parameters and devices including or utilizing same, the electrode array including an active electrode configured to provide an electrical signal and at least two inactive electrodes configured to collect the electrical signal transferred from the active electrode, wherein each of the at least two inactive electrodes are positioned at a different predetermined distance from the active electrode.

Abstract: A method of performing a cardiac electrophysiology procedure includes using a magnetically-localizable catheter to generate a cardiac model and then removing the catheter from the patient's heart. An electrophysiology catheter, such as a multi-electrode, non-contact mapping catheter, is then inserted into the heart. The electrophysiology catheter is also magnetically-localizable, and therefore can be localized within the model. The electrophysiology catheter is used to perform the electrophysiology procedure, such as electrophysiological mapping or ablation. Advantageously, because the electrophysiology catheter is magnetically-localizable, it can move during the electrophysiology procedure, either deliberately or inadvertently, without invalidating any previously-collected data or requiring recreation of the cardiac model.

Abstract: A system includes a sensor array having a plurality of sensors. Each sensor is coupled to circuitry configured to receive sensing signals from the plurality of sensors in the sensor array, where the sensing signals include a parameter indicating presence of an implantable medical device (IMD). Based on the received sensing signals, the circuitry is configured to generate display signals indicating location of the IMD.

Abstract: In a medical ventilator system, a ventilator (10) delivers ventilation to a ventilated patient (12). Sensors (24, 26) acquire airway pressure and air flow data for the ventilated patient. A probabilistic estimator module (40) estimates respiratory parameters of the ventilated patient by fitting a respiration system model (50) to a data set comprising the acquired airway pressure and air flow data using probabilistic analysis, such as Bayesian analysis, in which the respiratory parameters are represented as random variables. A display component (22) displays the estimated respiratory parameters of the ventilated patient along with confidence or uncertainty data comprising or derived from probability density functions for the random variables representing the estimated respiratory parameters.

Abstract: A side-stream respiration monitoring system that is configured to generate an alignment signal and assess information that is derived in part from the alignment signal to align in a time domain the respiration flow and composition information. The system includes an analyzer that is fluidly connected to a flow sensor that is disposed in a respiration flow path. The system includes a controller that is configured to initiate delivery of the alignment signal to the flow sensor during a portion of at least one breath cycle. The controller is configured to determine a flow rate of respiration flow and at least a portion of a composition of the respiration flow on a breath-by-breath basis and temporally associate the respiration flow value and the determined portion(s) of the composition of the respiration flow as a function of information associated with the alignment signal generated by the analyzer.

Abstract: Automation for a system and/or method detects and/or controls treatment of inspiratory flow limitation. The system may include a flow rate sensor configured to generate a signal representing a respiratory flow rate of a patient. It may include a recording device configured to record the generated respiratory flow rate signal during a diagnosis session. It may include a computing device (7040) configured to detect a degree of inspiratory flow limitation of the patient on the recorded respiratory flow rate signal. The method may include extracting an inspiratory portion of each breath during a detection and/or monitoring session from a respiratory flow rate signal of the patient, calculating a feature vector from each inspiratory flow portion, labelling each feature vector as flow limited or not flow limited, and/or computing a metric based on the labels, the metric indicating the degree of inspiratory flow limitation of the patient during the session.

Abstract: A gas concentration monitoring system (100, 600) may include a processor (110, 610) configured to detect a concentration of a selected gas in a sample gas flow obtained from a physical interface (107) to a patient (101); form a dataset including a plurality of data points, each data point corresponding to the detected concentration of the selected gas within the sample gas flow during a sampling time; group the data points according to a frequency of occurrence of the data points within the sampling time; and/or determine at least one of a signal confidence and signal quality based on relative characteristics between the groups of data points.

Abstract: A phlebostatic axis locating device for locating a phlebostatic axis of a homosapien includes a straightedge and a measuring stick. The measuring stick is slidably coupled to the straightedge proximate to a terminus of the straightedge, defining an intersection. The measuring stick extends perpendicularly from the straightedge. The straightedge is configured to position on the fourth intercostal space of a substantially supine homosapien supported on a surface, such that the straightedge is substantially parallel to the surface. The straightedge extends substantially perpendicularly from a centerline of a chest of the homosapien such that the terminus of the straightedge is positioned beyond the chest. An end of the measuring stick is configured to position on the surface, with the measuring stick substantially perpendicular to the surface. A midpoint of a distance between the intersection and the surface is determined. The midpoint corresponds to a phlebostatic axis of the homosapien.

Abstract: The method for the automated and assisted acquisition of anatomical surfaces includes a first acquisition of the surfaces undertaken in order to create a first numerical model and a perioperative second acquisition undertaken by scanning the surfaces in order to create a second numerical model for identifying the coordinates of the surfaces. The surfaces are supported by a robotic arm; and then the models are brought into correspondence by resetting, The scanning in the second acquisition includes making a preliminary identification of the coordinates of noteworthy points on the surfaces manually, assisted by the robotic arm, and the identifying parts a the points, in order to construct a reference frame and to determine a scanning region; creating an intermediate model from the reference frame and at least one of the points; preliminary resetting the first model with the second model; and automatically scanning the determined zone.

Abstract: A dynamic analysis system includes: an analytic value calculation unit configured to calculate an analytic value in a plurality of time phases on the basis of a dynamic image in the plurality of time phases obtained by performing dynamic photography on the chest of a subject; a ventilation state calculation unit configured to calculate, using a non-linear function, an index value representing a ventilation state of a lung field from the analytic value in the plurality of time phases; a display unit; and a control unit configured to display the index value calculated on the plurality of time phases, on the display unit.

Abstract: A kinetic analysis system includes: an analytical value calculation unit configured to divide, into a plurality of divisions, a lung field region included in kinetic images in a plurality of time phases acquired as a result of kymography of a chest of an object, and calculate analytical values of the respective divisions in the plurality of time phases based on at least one of pixel signal values and the number of pixels in the respective divisions; a ventilation state calculation unit configured to calculate index values representing ventilation states of the respective divisions from the analytical values of the respective divisions in the plurality of time phases using different functions corresponding to the respective divisions; a display unit; and a control unit configured to cause the display unit to display the index values representing the ventilation states of the respective divisions in the plurality of time phases.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the respiratory activity of a subject, which comprises two or more signal generating elements being inertial sensors, or light emitting elements, applied to the thorax of a subject, for generating signals that are indicative of displacement of the thorax of the subject throughout a predetermined time period; a receiver for receiving the generated signals during breathing motions of the subject; and one or more computing devices in data communication with the receiver, for analyzing the breathing motions. The one or more computing devices is operable to generate, by the two or more signal generating elements, signals that are indicative of displacement of the thorax of the subject, throughout the predetermined time period; calculate the current displacements and relative phases of the signal generating elements throughout the predetermined time period; and calculate, throughout the predetermined time period, the breathing volume from the displacements and the relative phases.

Abstract: A device for determining the frequency of a dominant tone of a tinnitus perceived by a patient. A tone generator plays tones, an input unit receives patient evaluations, and a controller carries out a similarity measurement and a comparison of pairs of tones. The controller controls the tone generator for the similarity measurement to generate successive tones, and, after playing a respective tone, receive patient's evaluation regarding the similarity of the tone to the dominant tone of the tinnitus. The controller also controls the tone generator for the comparison of pairs of tones to play successive pairs of tones, and, after playing a respective pair, receives the patient's evaluation as to which tone of the pair is more similar to the at least one dominant tone of the tinnitus. Using the results, the frequency most similar to the frequency of the dominant tone of the tinnitus can be determined.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for measuring an analyte in a host. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods for transcutaneous measurement of glucose in a host.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical sensor that employs multiple electrode areas that are exposed for contact with a body fluid, e.g., when the sensor is inserted subcutaneously into a patient's skin. The exposed electrode areas are arranged symmetrically, such that a symmetrical potential distribution is produced when an AC signal is applied to the sensor. The sensors in accordance with these teachings can advantageously be used with AC signals to determine characteristics of the sensor and thus improve sensor performance. These teachings also provide a biocompatible sensor with multiple reference electrode areas that are exposed for contact with body fluid.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing reliable blood oxygen (SaO2) and heart rate measurements includes a chemical energy heating source in conjunction with a harness that is adapted to secure the chemical energy heating source and a pulse oximeter probe proximate to a region of the body which is to be warmed prior to measurement. Preferably, the chemical energy heating source is in the form a mixture including a metal powder, which releases heat at a predetermined rate via oxidation of the metal powder when exposed to the atmosphere. The apparatus may be designed to be reusable or disposable and can be used in a transmission or reflectance mode, or both.

Abstract: A sensor insertion device includes a first elastic member; a second elastic member; an elastic energy variable mechanism configured to elastically deform the first elastic member and the second elastic member to achieve an energy accumulated state; a first holding mechanism configured to hold a position of the first elastic member in the energy accumulated state; and a second holding mechanism configured to hold a position of the second elastic member in the energy accumulated state for a period of time during which, after the release of the first elastic member from the first holding mechanism in the energy accumulated state, the needle member is moved to the insertion position by the first elastic energy.

Abstract: Method and system for providing a fault tolerant data receiver unit configured with a partitioned or separate processing units, each configured to perform a predetermined and/or specific processing associated with the one or more substantially non-overlapping functions of the data monitoring and management system is provided.

Abstract: A pulse oximetry sensor includes reusable and disposable elements. To assemble the sensor, members of the reusable element are mated with assembly mechanisms of the disposable element. The assembled sensor provides independent movement between the reusable and disposable elements.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for diagnosing, assessing or quantitating drug use, drug abuse or narcosis or for differentiating drug use, drug abuse or narcosis from brain injury in a subject by tracking eye movement of at least one eye of the subject, analyzing eye movement of at least one eye of the subject, comparing eye movement of at least one eye of the subject the normal or mean eye movement; and, optionally calculating a standard deviation or p value for eye movement of at least one eye of the subject as compared to the normal or mean eye movement.

Abstract: A system for mapping user emotions includes a plurality of sensors for measuring user emotion indications and environmental data. A controller is coupled to the plurality of sensors. The controller reads the plurality of sensors to obtain at least one user emotion indication and environmental data coincident with the at least one user emotion indication. The controller further associates the environmental data with the user emotion indication.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method is provided for detecting biometric signals of a driver and classifying the driver into a normal state or a fatigued state based on the biometric signals. An apparatus may include: a biometric signal measuring part configured to measure the biometric signals including a blood flow rate of a brain of the driver using an electro-encephalography (EEG), an electro-cardiography (ECG), and a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) of the driver; a biometric signal integral part configured to integrate the measured biometric signals, to extract characteristics of the respective biometric signals from the measured biometric signals and to then integrate the extracted characteristics, or to classify the extracted characteristics of the biometric signals and to then integrate the classified characteristics; and a driver state detecting part configured to detect the state of the driver based on the integrated biometric signals.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for inline urine analysis comprising a control unit and at least one image capture unit comprising an image sensor and an optical assembly. The apparatus is configured to be coupled with an indwelling urinary catheter or conduit leading from the catheter. Embodiments of the apparatus comprise a dispenser configured to dispense inert or reactive matter into the urine stream to aid in the analysis of properties of the urine and an illumination device configured to illuminate the urine stream. Also described is a system comprising at least one of these apparatuses and at least one image analyzer unit operatively connected to it. The image analyzer unit comprises a processor and software adapted to analyze the captured images to derive information therefrom relating to identification of properties of the urine and/or objects of interest in the urine stream. Embodiments of the system may comprise other peripheral devices.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring, assessing and managing an individual's functional state to allow the individual to reach and maintain optimized functional state based on customized guidance using as few as two to three functional state tests.

Abstract: A system and associated method for computerized rotational head impulse test (crHIT) to assess the semicircular canals of the human vestibular system clinically in patients with balance disorders. The system utilizes a rotary chair combined with a head mounted VOG system with head tracking sensors. The crHIT protocol uses the same physiologic principles as the known video head impulse test (vHIT). The crHIT utilizes whole-body rotation via the chair to yield a persistent controlled, repeatable, comfortable, reliable stimulus can be delivered while recording eye movements with video-oculogaphy.

Abstract: An ingestion monitoring system (100) comprising: one or more acoustic transducers (102); an analogue to digital converter (208) arranged to convert electrical signals from the acoustic transducer to digital form; and a processor (210) arranged to process the digital signal to detect an ingestion event.

Abstract: A method for at least one of characterizing, diagnosing, and treating a condition associated with microbiome taxonomic features in at least a subject, the method comprising: receiving an aggregate set of biological samples from a population of subjects; generating at least one of a microbiome composition dataset and a microbiome functional diversity dataset for the population of subjects; generating a characterization of the condition based upon features extracted from at least one of the microbiome composition dataset and the microbiome functional diversity dataset; based upon the characterization, generating a therapy model configured to correct the condition; and at an output device associated with the subject, promoting a therapy to the subject based upon the characterization and the therapy model.

Abstract: A method for at least one of characterizing, diagnosing, and treating a condition associated with microbiome taxonomic features in at least a subject, the method comprising: receiving an aggregate set of biological samples from a population of subjects; generating at least one of a microbiome composition dataset and a microbiome functional diversity dataset for the population of subjects; generating a characterization of the condition based upon features extracted from at least one of the microbiome composition dataset and the microbiome functional diversity dataset; based upon the characterization, generating a therapy model configured to correct the condition; and at an output device associated with the subject, promoting a therapy to the subject based upon the characterization and the therapy model.

Abstract: Systems, kits and methods are provided, which analyze the large intestine content and utilize acoustic signals detected during delivery of water into the large intestine and drained large intestine contents to derive large intestine characteristics such as microbiotal analysis. Systems may include a water delivery unit including a water supply and a nozzle connected thereto, configured to introduce water controllably into a patient's large intestine, and an analysis unit that provides information about the drained contents using optical examination or biological assays. The information may be related to acoustic analysis of signals from acoustic sensors that are attachable to a patient's abdomen. A variety of sensor configurations, positioning options, analysis strategies and large intestine characteristics are presented.

Abstract: In the present invention, a system and associated method is provided for monitoring fetal vital parameters. The system includes a base unit, a monitoring hub including a digital signal processor/controller and operably connected to the base unit by a single channel digital signal protocol cable, e.g., a USB cable, and a number of fetal monitoring sensors operably connected to the monitoring hub. The controller processes the signals from the sensors into a single USB protocol which can be sent along a single cable to the base unit. The USB cable allows power to be supplied to the hub in order to charge a battery used to operate the hub and the sensors connected to the hub when disconnected from the base unit to allow the patient using the hub to move freely about the base unit, with all sensor signals from the hub being wirelessly transmitted to the base unit.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for setting rehabilitation goals for a patient, measuring patient movements, storing the movement data for later transfer to a computer, displaying progress indicators and inspirational messages based on progress towards goals, reporting movement, skin temperature and swelling data to a caregiver so that they monitor compliance and be aware of potential infection. The invention consolidates data from motion, temperature and swelling sensors placed on the patient with data received directly from the patient in response to questions displayed on a tablet computer screen, to create one or more representative values indicating the patient's current status. These representative values may include the patient's degree of compliance with their prescribed exercise and icing regimen; their degree of wellness based on their self-reported pain scale and sensed temperature and limb swelling; and their current level of physical activity as detected by the motion sensors.

Abstract: Minimally-invasive spinal inventions are often performed using fluoroscopic imaging methods, which can give a real-time impression of the location of a surgical instrument, at the expense of a small field of view. When operating on a spinal column, a small field of view can be a problem, because a medical professional is left with no reference vertebra in the fluoroscopy image, from which to identify a vertebra, which is the subject of the intervention. Identifying contiguous vertebrae is difficult because such contiguous vertebrae are similar in shape. However, characteristic features, which differentiate one vertebra from other vertebra, and which are visible in the fluoroscopic view, may be used to provide a reference.

Abstract: Treatment controllers and methods are provided that can be integrated with treatment systems, such as peritoneal dialysis systems, hemodialysis systems, and nocturnal treatment systems, to manage execution of treatment operations or a course of treatment based on timing information and/or patient sleep state.

Abstract: A method of determining wear of an artificial knee assembly (AKA) includes acquiring a first set of computed tomography (CT) data about the AKA in vivo. A first volumetric file is generated based on the first set of CT data. A first point cloud data set is generated based on the first volumetric AKA file. A first dimensional analysis of the AKA is performed using the first point cloud data set. A second volumetric file is generated based on a second set of acquired CT data before implantation or from a model. A second point cloud data set is generated based on the second volumetric AKA file. A second dimensional analysis is performed using the second point cloud data set. The first dimensional analysis is compared to the second dimensional analysis and a determination is made if they are different from each other.