Abstract: A combustion system includes a perforated flame holder, an oxidant source, and an adjustable fuel nozzle. The oxidant source outputs oxidant. The adjustable fuel nozzle outputs fuel onto the perforated flame holder. The perforated flame holder supports a combustion reaction of the fuel and oxidant within the perforated flame holder. The position of the adjustable nozzle relative to the perforated flame holder can be adjusted to achieve selected characteristics of the combustion reaction within the perforated flame holder.

Abstract: A radiant heating assembly includes a fuel valve, a blower, a controller configured to control the fuel valve and the blower, and a heat exchanger or burner tube configured to limit external surface temperature through the use of a liner tube and a temperature limiting device. The liner tube can be installed internally into the walls of a heat exchanger or burner tube to decrease the surface temperature of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for removing heat from a building, the device having: a first tubular member defining a first cavity; a second tubular member defining a second cavity, whereby said second tubular member resides within the first cavity and is coaxial to the first tubular member; and a double conic body coaxially residing in the first cavity and coaxially positioned with the second tubular member. Also provided is a method for removing heat from a building, the method having the steps of: directing heat-containing exhaust emanating from a flue, defining a first diameter, to a passageway received by the flue, whereby the passageway defines a longitudinal axis and a periphery circumscribing the axis; forming the directed exhaust into a slipstream, wherein the slipstream generally travels along the longitudinal axis; and routing precipitation entering the passageway to the periphery.

Abstract: The nozzle for injecting a reagent into a combustor has a body with a cavity, an occlusion for the cavity, a slit for injecting the reagent, at least one intermediate disc between the body and the occlusion, the at least one intermediate disc having at least one opening for the passage of the reagent, wherein the nozzle further has a first slit between the body and the at least one intermediate disc, a second slit between the occlusion and the at least one intermediate disc (56), and/or at least one slit having at least one corrugated border defining a variable size slit between a minimum size and a maximum size.

Abstract: The arrangement of a combustor and a device for selective non-catalytic reduction includes a nozzle for injecting a reagent, a control system for controlling the flow from the nozzle, the control system being arranged for generating a pulsed flow from the nozzle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of capturing a sintered product after sintering a waste gas in a semiconductor manufacturing process and its capturing device. The method comprises providing aerosolised water molecules to be entered into a reaction chamber of a waste gas treatment tank; and capturing a product generated after a sintering reaction of the waste gas by diffusion distributing of the aerosolised water molecules, wherein, the aerosolised water molecules are diffusion distributed between a bottom edge of a waste gas reaction end in the reaction chamber and a tank wall surrounding the reaction chamber. The present invention further provides a device for capturing a sintered product for implementing the method.

Abstract: A heating system can include a supply piping assembly configured to supply either a first fuel or a second fuel to at least one main burner, a first pilot burner and a second pilot burner. First and second electromagnetic valves can be operatively connected to an electrical power supply and at least one of the thermocouples. The first and second electromagnetic valves can be configured to permit and prevent the fuel from reaching at least one of the first pilot burner, the second pilot burner and the at least one main burner depending upon thermoelectric potential received from the at least one of the thermocouples.

Abstract: A liquid gas system for mobile applications comprises at least one remote gas switch that is mountable to a bottle of liquid gas and a gas pressure regulator. The high-pressure input of the gas pressure regulator is connected to the remote gas switch. A distribution block is provided, the input of which is connected to the low-pressure output of the gas pressure regulator. A filter unit is arranged between the low-pressure output of the gas pressure regulator and the distribution block. Further, an electronic controller is provided which is connected to the remote gas switch.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are examples of gas turbine engines and assemblies of combustors and turbine nozzles for such gas turbine engines. The combustor wall includes an inner wall, an outer wall, and an upstream dome. The combustor outer wall and/or inner wall may comprise of a plurality of combustor cassettes. A turbine nozzle is defined by an inner nozzle shroud and an outer nozzle shroud. An inner edge of a ring mount is coupled to both of the downstream end of the outer wall and the nozzle upstream end of the outer nozzle shroud, and an outer edge of the ring mount is coupled to the outer casing, such as, for example, by a mounting stake.

Abstract: Components and methods for forming components are provided. For example, a method for forming a component includes laying up a plurality of plies to form a component preform that defines an axis of symmetry and a circumferential direction. Laying up the plurality of plies includes overlapping ends of the plurality of plies to define overlap regions and offsetting the overlap regions along the circumferential direction such that any radial line drawn from the axis of symmetry through the plies passes through only one overlap region. In another embodiment, a component includes a body that is symmetric about an axis of symmetry and that defines a circumferential direction and a radial direction. The body is formed from a plurality of plies and has a substantially uniform thickness. Ends of the plurality of plies are overlapped to define a plurality of overlap regions, which are offset along the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine has a transition duct supporter that is able to support and accommodate the operation of the gas turbine engine. The transition duct supporter is located between a metallic integrated exit piece and a transition duct that is made of ceramic matrix composites.

Abstract: A combustor assembly for a gas turbine engine comprises a vane support ring; an annular combustor extending around a central axis and being located radially inwards of the vane support ring, the annular combustor including an aft end, a forward end with at least one opening through which at least one fuel nozzle is received, and an annular outer shell and an annular inner shell that define an annular combustion chamber there between, the annular outer shell including a radially-outwardly extending flange including at least one scallop cut; and a stop member integrally formed with the vane support ring.

Abstract: A fire place enhancer is provided for combusting fuel and for placement into a fireplace within a wall of a room, wherein the fireplace has a chimney. The fire place enhancer includes: a main air shield having a main exhaust port, a main access port an air ingestion port and an air supply port; an inner surface disposed with the main air shield so as to provide a combustion area for combusting the fuel, the inner surface having a rear surface and two side surfaces; and a heat manifold disposed above the combustion area, the heat manifold having a first end and a second end, the heat manifold being operable to pass gasses from the combustion area to the chimney.

Abstract: A gas hearth including a combustion chamber, a gas supplier for supplying combustible gas into the combustion chamber to a firebed simulator disposed in the combustion chamber, an ignitor for igniting the combustible gas in the combustion chamber, a flue-gas discharge duct connected to the combustion chamber for discharging combustion flue gases from the combustion chamber, and a metering means disposed in the combustion chamber for metering a pyrotechnical additive into the flames of the burning combustible gas during operation.

Abstract: A gas cooking appliance includes a valve and a first pipe configured to transport gas to the valve. The appliance also includes a burner and a second pipe configured to transport gas from the valve to the burner. The appliance further includes a console and a knob. The console includes a cutout having an edge defining a shape of the cutout, and the knob includes a handle and a bezel. The knob is configured to control a state of the valve. The bezel has a rear face and a protrusion extending rearward from the rear face through the cutout, the protrusion contacting the edge of the cutout. The appliance additionally includes a bracket coupling the knob to the valve. The bracket includes a leg mating with the protrusion.

Abstract: A heating power control device includes a storage in which first information is stored, the first information being on a cooking process being executed using a cooking appliance, a receiver that receives second information indicating an absence of a user of the cooking appliance or a presence of the user, and a controller that determines whether or not the user is absent for a predetermined period of time based on the second information, determines, based on the first information, whether or not the cooking process is a heating process when the user is determined to be absent for the predetermined period of time, determines, based on the first information, a control method of controlling heating power of the cooking appliance when the cooking process is determined to be a heating process, and controls the heating power of the cooking appliance by the control method.

Abstract: A cooktop appliance and method of operation is provided. The cooktop appliance may include a user interface, a power source, a burner, a thyristor, and a relay switch. The power source may be operably connected to the user interface. The burner may include a first radiant heat element and a second radiant heat element electrically coupled in parallel to the power source. The thyristor may be operably connected to the user interface and electrically coupled in series between the power source and the first radiant heat element to control activation of the first radiant heat element. The relay switch may be operably connected to the user interface and electrically coupled in series between the power source and the second radiant heat element to control activation of the second radiant heat element.

Abstract: A horizontal hinge for a cooking appliance door includes a hinge housing having a front face and a rear face. A rotatable hinge arm protrudes from the front face of the hinge housing for retaining the cooking appliance door. Protruding from the rear face of the hinge housing is a lifting rod which is coupled to the hinge arm and pivotable when the hinge arm is caused to rotate. Placed over the lifting rod outside the hinge housing is a compression spring which is held under compressive stress between the hinge housing and a bearing portion of the lifting rod. A tilting element tiltably bears against the hinge housing between the compression spring and the hinge housing.

Abstract: A cooking appliance includes an oven cavity and a door for selectively opening and closing the oven cavity. The door includes an interior space and a latch opening defining a hole into the interior space. A spill receptacle is provided within the door and is aligned with the latch opening. The receptacle defines a compartment that is isolated from the interior space of the door and oriented to capture foreign items that penetrate the latch opening. In one example, a door latch is provided latch for locking the door in a closed position. The latch includes a hook member receivable through the latch opening when the door is in the closed position.

Abstract: A drawer assembly for an oven appliance is provided. The drawer assembly includes two slide assemblies mounted within a cooking chamber of the oven appliance for supporting a door and a rack assembly. The rack assembly includes a wire support frame for supporting a cooking tray and two support brackets for mounting the wire support frame to the slide assemblies. In this manner, a user may slide the rack assembly and cooking tray out of the cooking chamber by pulling on the door. The wire support frame may be formed from metal using computer numerically controlled machining and may be welded to the support brackets. In this manner, the rack assembly provides a simple, rigid construction that requires a minimal number of parts and is easy to manufacture.

Abstract: A universal tile installation mat is described for use in the construction of tiled floors and walls and wherein the mat is secured on a sub-floor surface formed of wood or concrete or a wall surface. The tile installation mat uncouples the mortar and the tiles set therein and disposed over the mat to prevent cracking of the mortar, the tiles and the grouted joints due to displacements in the support surfaces. The tile installation mat is formed from flexible plastics materials and has three different types of support formations integrally formed therein to anchor mortar and to retain heating wires captive in different patterns as desired to form a heated tiled floor or wall. The support formations facilitates ease of installation of heated wires and provides counter acting forces against a heating wire from escaping from anchoring passages formed by the support formations.

Abstract: A diffuser plate for diffusing a fluid flow in a fluid storage vessel, comprising: a plate having a plurality of holes for the fluid flow to pass through; and at least one wall that extends away from a surface of the plate.

Abstract: A multi-split system includes an outdoor unit, a distribution device, and a plurality of indoor units. The distribution device includes a gas-liquid separator, a first heat exchange assembly, a first electronic expansion valve, a second heat exchange assembly, a second electronic expansion valve, a third electronic expansion valve connected in parallel with the second electronic expansion valve. When the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the first electronic expansion valve is greater than a first preset value, the distribution device is configured to calculate a value of superheat degree according to the outlet temperature of the indoor heat exchanger of each cooling indoor unit and the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the second heat exchange assembly, and to perform a PI control over the second electronic expansion valve and the third electronic expansion valve according to the value of superheat degree.

Abstract: A method and system for an air conditioning system, wherein the air conditioning system uses both a dry ambient air cooling system and a mechanical refrigeration system.

Abstract: A smart ventilation fan device includes a fan, a light-emitting module, a sensor set, a wireless module and a control circuit. The fan includes a motor. The sensor set is for sensing environment information. The wireless module is for receiving a command signal from an electronic device and for transmitting the environment information and ventilation fan device information to the electronic device. The control circuit includes a micro-controller which is for generating a control signal according to the command signal received from the wireless module, so as to control the motor of the fan to rotate, and the micro-controller processes the environment information sensed by the sensor set and/or the ventilation fan information. The micro-controller of the control circuit transmits the environment information and/or the ventilation fan information to the electronic device through the wireless module. The invention further includes a smart ventilation fan system.

Abstract: An HVAC controller may be configured to control any of a variety of different types of HVAC systems that may include any of a variety of different HVAC components. The HVAC controller may be configured to solicit inputs from an installer or other user that enables the HVAC controller to help prioritize installer setup parameter settings for the HVAC controller to properly control the particular HVAC equipment that is present at the installation.

Abstract: According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for controlling temperature in a control zone within a building is provided. According to some embodiments, the method includes receiving measured wind condition data external to the building and measured tracer gas concentration data in the control zone for a sample time interval and calculating an air flow characteristic for the sample time interval based on the measured tracer gas concentration data. The method further includes using the air flow characteristic in a temperature control loop for the control zone. According to some embodiments, the air flow characteristic is an air change rate (ACR) that may be used in determining a preheat time interval.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) and/or Economizer system that is capable of drawing outside air into an HVAC air stream. In some instances, the DCV and/or Economizer system may be configured to help perform one or more system checks to help verify that the system is functioning properly. In some instances, the DCV and/or Economizer system may provide some level of manual control over certain hardware (e.g. dampers) to help commission the system. The DCV and/or Economizer system may store one or more settings and or parameters used during the commissioning process (either in the factory or in the field), so that these settings and/or parameters may be later accessed to verify that the DCV and/or Economizer system was commissioned and commissioned properly.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a system includes at least one of a cooling system and a heating system, an automation controller, a sensor, and a switch. The automation controller provides a first input indicating a first temperature set point. The sensor detects a temperature of a second space proximate the sensor and provides a second input indicating the temperature of the second space and a second temperature set point. The switch activates at least one of the cooling system and the heating system based on the second temperature set point in response to a determination that the second input overrides the first input.

Abstract: Systems, assemblies, and methods include features for selecting a fan speed priority setting to facilitate dehumidification of a space while maintaining a comfortable temperature in the building across a range of cooling loads. In one example, an electronic assembly may operate a multi-speed fan at a lower fan speed or higher fan speed based, at least in part, on a current cooling load on the cooling system of the building and a dehumidification high fan speed priority setting entered by a user.

Abstract: A monitored heat exchanger system that includes a heat exchanger unit in operable engagement with a heat generating device, with an at least one service fluid being transferable therebetween, and a monitoring module coupled to the heat exchanger unit. The monitoring module includes a primary microcontroller in operable communication with an at least one sensor assembly. The at least one sensor assembly includes a mounting frame; a support platform; a circuit board; an inner sensor housing configured to extend out and around the circuit board and the support platform; a first magnet coupled to an underside of the inner sensor housing; and a rotating member comprising a plurality of blades, the rotating member being disposed on top of the inner sensor housing.

Abstract: A controller of an indoor unit included in an air-conditioning system includes a power applied time error determination unit that, when a communication error occurs in communication with an outdoor unit, determines whether or not the communication error is a power applied time error peculiar to a power applied time when electric power is fed from a commercial power supply to the outdoor unit, a connection establishment error determination unit that, when the power applied time error determination unit determines that the communication error is not the power applied time error, determines whether or not the communication error is a connection establishment error that occurs at a time of establishing a connection with the outdoor unit, to detect power failure in the outdoor unit, and a fan control unit that, when the connection establishment error determination unit determines that the communication error is the connection establishment error, drives a fan by electric power fed from an emergency power supply.

Abstract: A vent screening system includes a building that has at least one gable. A vent extends through the at least one gable to pass air through the at least one gable. Thus, an attic of the building is vented. The vent has a plurality of louvers and each of the louvers is horizontally oriented in the vent. The louvers are spaced apart from each other and distributed on the vent. A plurality of screens is provided. Each of the screens is removably positioned in the vent to inhibit an animal from passing through the vent. Each of the screens is structured to frictionally engage an associated one of the louvers.

Abstract: An indoor unit for an air conditioner is provided. The indoor unit includes a housing, and the housing including an upper base plate provided with an air inlet, a lower base plate detachably mounted to the upper base plate and provided with an air outlet, and a front cover detachably mounted to the upper base plate; a heat exchanger mounted to the upper base plate; a fan detachably mounted to the lower base plate; and a guide assembly configured to guide the lower base plate when mounting and dismounting the lower base plate.

Abstract: An air handling unit has an interior wall configured to selectively retain a removable component of the air handling unit. An air handling unit has an interior wall configured as a drain pan. An air handling unit has an outer skin joined to the interior wall, an insulator disposed between the interior wall and the outer skin, and the interior wall has a mounting channel configured to selectively retain a removable component of the air handling unit.

Abstract: An indoor unit for an air-conditioning apparatus includes a plurality of axial-flow fans arranged side by side in a horizontal direction below an air inlet. Further, the indoor unit includes a plurality of filters provided to the air inlet so as to be arranged side by side. A cleaning mechanism and a dust box are further provided to the air inlet. Further, the dust box is arranged at a position between adjacent filters and adjacent axial-flow fans.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for generating a hot air flow comprises a single fan, a burner heating element and a resistance heating element. In this respect, an air passage that conducts air to be heated and a combustion air passage that leads to a burner adjoin the fan downstream, wherein a combustion air flow in the combustion air passage can be controlled by a control element associated with the combustion air passage.

Abstract: A water heater defines a vertical direction and includes a tank for holding water. The water heater further includes a shroud positioned over the tank along the vertical direction. The shroud defines a chamber over the tank, and includes a partition wall that divides the chamber into first and second chamber portions. The water heater includes an evaporator disposed within the first chamber portion, and a compressor disposed within the second chamber portion. The partition wall is positioned between the evaporator and compressor within the chamber of the shroud. Further, the shroud defines a vent extending through the shroud to the chamber of the shroud. In one embodiment, the vent is contiguous with the first chamber portion.

Abstract: The invention discloses a water outlet pipe assembly comprising: a pipe body provided with a mounting end capable of being connected with the liner and a free end capable of extending into the liner, wherein a first water inlet is provided at a position of the pipe body close to a lower portion of the liner and enables the water in the lower portion of the liner to enter the pipe body, and a second water inlet is provided at a position of the pipe body close to an upper portion of the liner and enables the water in the upper portion of the liner to enter the pipe body;a blocking element movably provided on the pipe body and a first thermosensitive element provided on the pipe body, the first thermosensitive element can drive the blocking element to move at a preset temperature so as to regulate an opening of the first water inlet and/or the second water inlet; andan elastic returning element provided on the pipe body, the elastic returning element can apply a force to the blocking element for returning the bl

Abstract: A foldable parabolic solar collector includes a first panel having a semi-parabolic reflective inner surface, a central tube to which the first panel is fixed, and a second panel having a semi-parabolic reflective inner surface. The second panel is pivotably mounted to the central tube with the reflective inner surface of the second panel facing the reflective inner surface of the first panel. A receiver tube carries a heat transfer fluid. A tracking motor rotates the central tube. A torque sensor lies in between the tracking motor and the central tube and is configured to measure torque between the tracking motor and the central tube. A servomotor pivots the second panel about the central tube between an open position and a closed position when it is determined by a controller that the torque between the tracking motor and the central tube exceeds a predetermined torque threshold.

Abstract: A solar heat collection tube 1 of the present invention has: a tube 3 in which a heat medium 2 can flow; an infrared reflective layer 4 formed on an outer surface of the tube 3; a sunlight-to-heat conversion layer 5 formed on the infrared reflective layer 4 and containing manganese silicide; and an anti-reflection layer 6 formed on the sunlight-to-heat conversion layer 5. Preferably, the manganese silicide used in the sunlight-to-heat conversion layer 5 is a semiconductor. The solar heat collection tube 1 of the present invention allows sunlight to be converted into heat efficiently.

Abstract: Provided are metal-ceramic coatings for heat exchanger tubes of a central solar receiver and methods of preparing the same. The metal-ceramic coatings comprise at least one ceramic phase dispersed in a metal matrix and are disposed along the heat exchanger tubes to improve heat transfer and reduce oxidation of the heat exchanger tubes. Methods of preparing the metal-ceramic coatings and systems for using the same are provided.

Abstract: Inverter for an electric compressor comprising an auxiliary voltage supply that supplies a control electronics of the inverter with a DC voltage. The auxiliary voltage supply comprises a series circuit of a linear voltage regulator and a linear pre-regulator. The linear pre-regulator comprises a transistor and is connected to the input terminal of the linear voltage regulator. The linear pre-regulator and/or the linear voltage regulator are advantageously actively cooled by a refrigerant utilized in the electric compressor.

Abstract: Disclosed are cascade refrigerant systems for providing cooling of air located in an enclosure that is occupied by or which will be exposed to humans or other animals during normal use, wherein systems includes; (1) a first, relatively low temperature heat transfer circuit having a first evaporator located within the enclosure and a first heat transfer fluid in the low temperature heat transfer circuit; (2) a second heat transfer circuit located substantially outside the enclosure comprising a second heat transfer fluid; (3) a heat exchanger which serves as the condenser in the low temperature circuit thermally coupled with the high temperature circuit by virtue of rejecting heat into the second heat transfer fluid; and (4) in the high temperature loop of a heat exchanger which transfers heat from the second heat transfer fluid exiting from a high temperature condenser to the portion of the second heat transfer fluid which is traveling to the suction side of the compressor.

Abstract: A cooling/heating switching unit is provided that is capable of simply and reliably detecting leak of refrigerant. The switching unit includes: first and second fittings having a high/low-pressure-gas main pipe and a low-pressure-gas main pipe connected thereto, respectively, wherein the main pipes are linked to an outdoor unit; a third fitting having an indoor-unit connection pipe connected thereto, wherein the connection pipe is linked to indoor units; an expansion valve for high/low-pressure-gas pipe, an expansion valve for low-pressure-gas pipe, and expansion-valve driving sections that selectively connect the first or second fitting with the third fitting via a refrigerant pipe to control a flow direction of refrigerant; a housing that houses the refrigerant pipe; a heat insulating material that fills inside of the housing to insulate the refrigerant pipe arranged inside of the housing from heat; and a refrigerant leak detection sensor installed outside of the housing to detect leaked refrigerant.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an air-cooled ammonia refrigeration system comprises: an air-cooled condenser comprising a heat exchanger and at least one axial fan; an evaporator coupled to the air-cooled condenser; a subcooler positioned between the air-cooled condenser and the evaporator; a compressor coupled to the evaporator; an oil cooler coupled to the compressor; a water system coupled to the air-cooled condenser, the water system comprising a water source, a water pump, and a plurality of spray nozzles positioned below the air-cooled condenser; and a control circuit coupled to the air-cooled condenser and the water system, the control circuit configured to pulse atomized water through the plurality of spray nozzles to a surface of the air-cooled condenser when a head pressure of the air-cooled condenser is higher than a predetermined value.

Abstract: Air conditioning device (1) with transcritical operating cycle, the device comprising a circuit (4) conveying a refrigerant (5) and successively connecting: the outlet (6) of a compressor (7); a gas cooler (8); the cold circuit (9) of an intermediate cooler (10); an expansion valve (11); a second exchanger (12) having a volume (31, 71) for the circulation of a coolant (21) in a heat-exchange relationship with the refrigerant (5); the inlet (13) of the hot circuit (14) of the intermediate cooler (10); the air conditioning device (1) being characterized in that the second exchanger of type (12) comprises an expansion volume for the coolant (21).

Abstract: An electric motor for a vapor compression system is disclosed. The electric motor is provided with a working fluid. The electric motor includes a housing forming cavity therein. The housing includes a rotor, a stator, and a shaft. The rotor is secured to the shaft and the stator surrounds at least a portion of the rotor. An airgap is formed between the rotor and the stator. An inlet of the housing receives the working fluid and is in fluid communication with the airgap. An outlet of the housing is in fluid communication with the airgap and receives the working fluid from the airgap. The electric motor further includes an impeller that induces flow of the working fluid between the inlet and the outlet.

Abstract: An inlet member having a refrigerant inflow passage which is open at opposite ends is joined to a condensation section inlet header of a condenser. An opening at one end of the refrigerant inflow passage serves as an inflow opening into which externally supplied refrigerant flows, and an opening at the other end serves as an outflow opening from which refrigerant flows out to the condensation section inlet header. The condensation section inlet header has an opening at a position offset from the longitudinal center toward the one end thereof. The inlet member has an insert portion which is inserted into the condensation section inlet header through the opening. The outflow opening of the refrigerant inflow passage is open to a single upward facing flat surface of the insert portion, and is oriented such that the refrigerant flows toward the longitudinal center of the condensation section inlet header.

Abstract: A receiver drier comprises a housing and a filter unit. The housing includes a moisture absorbing chamber and a longitudinally spaced filter chamber. The filter chamber includes an inlet formed adjacent a first portion of an inner circumferential surface thereof and an outlet formed adjacent a second portion of the inner circumferential surface. The filter unit is received within the filter chamber and includes a main body defining a first filter compartment therein. A first surface of the first filter compartment is defined by a first screen element fluidly coupling an interior of the first filter compartment to an exterior thereof. The flow of the refrigerant enters and exits the first filter compartment while flowing in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the receiver drier.