Abstract: A method for determining a temperature of a diaphragm of a pump, the pump pumping a fluid out of a tank to a dispersion point by way of a movement of the diaphragm, the pump being fastened to the tank, the temperature of the diaphragm being estimated in a manner which is at least dependent on the temperature of the fluid in the tank.

Abstract: A mix box for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, the mix box being used to incorporate additives into an exhaust gas flow and including at least one inlet tube, at least one outlet tube and a housing for accommodating the inlet tube and the outlet tube, wherein: the housing delimits a volume of the mix box in relation to the surroundings; the inlet tube has an inflow section located inside the housing, which inflow section is provided with at least one inflow opening for introducing the exhaust gas into the housing; the outlet tube has a metering device designed as an injection nozzle at the end of the outlet tube and has an outflow section located inside the housing, which outflow section has a length (La) and is provided with at least one outflow opening for discharging the exhaust gas from the housing; a flow zone is provided between the inlet tube and the outlet tube and the flow zone, over at least 30% of its length (La), is free of flow guiding elements which deflect the flow in a circu

Abstract: A exhaust gas purifier includes a case having a flat transverse section including a pair of facing short sides and a pair of facing long sides, and configured to house a catalytic converter, and an inlet cone including a conical portion, and configured to connect an outlet of the turbine to an inlet of the case. The conical portion includes an inclined wall inclined from a mainstream of the exhaust gas to increase the transverse section of a path of the exhaust gas. A recess recessed inward is formed in a portion corresponding to each of the long sides of the inclined wall of the conical portion.

Abstract: Provided is an EGR device that allows an EGR valve to be removed with ease even when the EGR valve is provided adjacent to a turbocharger. The EGR device includes a first connecting pipe portion (41b) extending from a compressor of the turbocharger and having a first annular shoulder surface (41c) at a base end thereof, an EGR valve (65) fixedly attached to a part of the engine, a joint member (71) including a flange (71a) attached to the EGR valve (65) and a second connecting pipe portion (71b), and opposing the first connecting pipe portion in a coaxial relationship, the second connecting pipe portion being provided with a second annular shoulder surface (71c) at a base end thereof, and a flexible pipe member (72) having a first end fitted onto the first connecting pipe portion and a second end fitted onto the second connecting pipe portion. A distance (L2) between the two annular shoulder surfaces is greater than a length (L1) of the flexible pipe member by a prescribed distance.

Abstract: A compensator, having a first corrugated bellows section, a second corrugated bellows section, an intermediate pipe section positioned between the first corrugated bellows section and the second corrugated bellows section, a first attachment flange, and a second attachment flange. The first corrugated bellows section engages the first attachment flange and intermediate pipe section. The second corrugated bellows section engages the second attachment flange and intermediate pipe section. An intermediate flange is positioned between the first attachment flange and the second attachment flange and surrounds the intermediate pipe section at the outside without a a rigid connection to the intermediate pipe section. The intermediate flange is connected by first tension rods to the first attachment flange and by second tension rods to the second attachment flange.

Abstract: A straddle-type vehicle comprises a radiator through which air flowing from a front flows in a forward and rearward direction of a vehicle body; an engine which generates driving power for allowing the straddle-type vehicle to travel, the engine being disposed rearward of the radiator; and a cover unit covering from above a space formed between the radiator and the engine, and the engine, wherein the cover unit includes: a hard cover which is located at a front side of the cover unit, extends rearward from the radiator, and covers the space formed between the radiator and the engine; and a soft cover which is located at a rear side of the cover unit, extends rearward from the hard cover, and covers the engine.

Abstract: A straddle-type vehicle includes a radiator; an engine; and a passage which is provided inside the cylinder block and the cylinder head, flows a coolant from the cylinder head toward the cylinder block, and is provided with an inlet located on a rear side of the cylinder head; a pipe which flows the coolant from the radiator toward the passage, and flows the coolant from an outlet toward the radiator; and a thermostat which limits a flow of the coolant inside the pipe in a case where a temperature of the coolant is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, and permits the flow of the coolant in a case where the temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature, wherein the outlet is provided on a front side of the cylinder block and the thermostat is attached on a front portion of the engine.

Abstract: An engine cooling system (2) includes a first passage (11) communicating a radiator (8) with a jacket inlet (7) of a water jacket of an engine, a second passage (13) communicating a jacket outlet (12) of the water jacket with the radiator, and a third passage (16) communicating a part of the second passage with a part of the first passage located between the radiator and the water pump. To allow the cooling water temperature circulating in a water jacket of an engine to be detected accurately, a water temperature sensor (72) is provided in a part of the second passage intermediate between the part of the second passage where the third passage branches off and the jacket outlet.

Abstract: A valve is disclosed that has an inlet and an outlet in fluid connection in a first position. When the valve is in a second position fluid enters the first inlet and exits the second outlet and enters in a second inlet and out the first outlet. The valve can be used for example to add a fluid circuit to a preexisting circuit.

Abstract: A coupling mechanism for a tie bar and a side sheet of an aftercooler is provided. The coupling mechanism includes a male portion of a mechanical joint. The male portion is coupled with a tail end of the tie bar. The coupling mechanism also includes a female portion of the mechanical joint defined within the side sheet. The male portion is adapted to mate with the female portion for coupling the tie bar with the side sheet.

Abstract: A compound engine assembly including a common air conduit having an inlet in fluid communication with ambient air, a compressor, at least one internal combustion engine having an inlet in fluid communication with an outlet of the compressor, a turbine section having an inlet in fluid communication with an outlet of the at least one internal combustion engine, the turbine section configured to compound power with the at least one internal combustion engine, and at least one heat exchanger in fluid communication with the common air conduit, each of the at least one heat exchanger configured to circulate a fluid of the engine assembly in heat exchange relationship with an airflow from the common air conduit circulating therethrough. The compressor has an inlet in fluid communication with the common air conduit upstream of the at least one heat exchanger. The internal combustion engine may be a reciprocating engine.

Abstract: Provided is a control device of an internal combustion engine for suppressing variation in the internal EGR amount among cylinders and improving the merchantability. A control device 1 of an internal combustion engine 3 has an ECU 2, wherein the internal combustion engine 3 includes an electric turbocharger 5 and first to fourth cylinders #1 to #4. The ECU 2 sets a target rotation change amount DN#i for a turbine 5b of the electric turbocharger 5 corresponding to each cylinder according to the operation state of the internal combustion engine 3 (Step 35), and controls a TC motor 5c of the electric turbocharger 5 in a control period, which includes an exhaust stroke in one combustion cycle of each cylinder, to match the target rotation change amount DN#i (Step 23).

Abstract: A lubrication system and method for an engine are provided. In some embodiments, the lubrication method comprises driving a lube pump with a gearbox in a power drive housing, the gearbox including an expander shaft of an expander of a waste heat recovery system; suctioning lubrication fluid, with the lube pump, from a lube sump in the power drive housing; lubricating, with the lubrication fluid, an expander shaft bearing supporting the expander; and after lubricating the expander shaft bearing, transferring the lubrication fluid to the lube sump.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes first and second common rails each having a metering or pressure regulating valve, with the valves settable at different pressure values from one another. Rotors are each sealingly and rotationally received within a respective cavity to define at least one combustion chamber of variable volume. The engine includes for each of the rotors a pilot subchamber in communication with the respective cavity, a pilot fuel injector in communication with the pilot subchamber, an ignition element positioned to ignite fuel within the pilot subchamber, and a main fuel injector in communication with the respective cavity at a location spaced apart from the pilot subchamber. Each main fuel injector is in fluid communication with the first common rail and each pilot fuel injector is in fluid communication with the second common rail. A method of combusting fuel in an internal combustion engine is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multi-shaft power source unmanned flight equipment, and belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles. The multi-shaft power source unmanned flight equipment comprises a frame (1), a plurality of rotor sets (2) and a power device (3). The plurality of rotor sets (2) are rotatably fixed on the frame (1), and the power device (3) is correspondingly movably connected with each rotor set (2) respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a balancer device for an internal combustion engine capable of effectively decreasing gear rattle between gears of a drive mechanism. A balancer drive gear and a balancer driven gear are arranged on a second end side of a drive-side balancer shaft and a second end side of a driven-side balancer shaft, respectively, and an oil pump is arranged on a first end side of the driven-side balancer shaft via the drive mechanism.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a drive device includes a first piston reciprocatively along a first direction within a first mount plane, a first crankshaft orthogonal to the first mount plane, a first XY separation crank mechanism between the first piston and the first crankshaft, which converts reciprocating motion of the first piston and rotary motion of the first crankshaft into each other, a second piston reciprocatively along a second direction symmetrical to the first direction within a second mount plane symmetrical to the first mount plane about a central reference plane, a second crankshaft orthogonal to the second mount plane, a second XY separation crank mechanism between the second piston and the second crankshaft, which converts reciprocating motion of the second piston and rotary motion of the second crankshaft into each other, and a coupler-synchronizing mechanism which rotates the first and second crankshafts in synchronous with each other.

Abstract: A machine may comprise a piston; a memory; and an electronic control module. The electronic control module may be configured to determine a temperature of a bowl rim of the piston; calculate a temperature of an oil gallery of the piston based on the temperature of the bowl rim; determine a carbon deposit growth rate of the piston based on the temperature of the oil gallery; determine an amount of time between a current time and the time when the previous carbon deposit growth was calculated; calculate a current carbon deposit growth on the piston; and take a remedial action based on the current carbon deposit growth. The current carbon deposit growth may be calculated based on: a previous carbon deposit growth on the piston, an amount of time between a current time and a time when the previous carbon deposit growth was calculated, and the carbon deposit growth rate.

Abstract: A machine may comprise a memory configured to store liner polish information; and an electronic control module. The electronic control module may be configured to: determine a load factor based on an amount of load on the engine; determine an end of injection factor associated with the engine; determine a liner polish rate based on the load factor and the end of injection factor; obtain, from the liner polish information stored in the memory, information identifying a previous amount of damage to the engine; determine an amount of time between a current time and a time when the previous amount of damage was calculated; calculate a current amount of damage to the engine based on the previous amount of liner polish, the amount of time, and the liner polish rate; and take a remedial action based on the current amount of damage.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure are directed to an inlet cap, comprising: a first lug slot located proximate a perimeter of the inlet cap, and a second lug slot located proximate the perimeter of the inlet cap and located peripherally adjacent to the first lug slot, where the first lug slot includes a first ply, the second lug slot includes a second ply that is different from the first ply, and at least a third ply is common to the first lug slot and the second lug slot.

Abstract: Assemblies and methods for providing injection air to influence flow in a flow passage defined by a fan of a gas turbine engine are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises: receiving air into an interior of a nose cone; increasing the pressure of the air in the interior of the nose cone and directing the pressurized air; and discharging the air into the flow passage defined by the fan.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine is disclosed comprising a compressor and an intake leading to the compressor, the compressor having a spinner, at least part of the spinner being adjustable to alter the size of the smallest flow area provided within the intake.

Abstract: A system includes a modularized air inlet system. The modularized air inlet system includes an air filter house section configured to receive air via an air inlet. The modularized air inlet system also includes a transition/silencer section configured to direct the air from the modularized air inlet system, via an air outlet, into an air inlet plenum coupled to a gas turbine engine enclosure. The modularized air inlet system is configured to couple directly to the air inlet plenum and the gas turbine enclosure without an expansion joint disposed between the modularized air inlet system and the air inlet plenum.

Abstract: An acoustic liner for a turbine engine, the acoustic liner includes a support layer that includes a set of partitioned cavities with open faces, a perforated sheet that includes a set of perforations with corresponding inlets, the perforated sheet supported by the support layer such that perforations are in overlying relationship with the open faces to form paired perforations and cavities that define acoustic resonator cells, and a coating applied to the perforated sheet.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a lubrication system, fuel system and thermoelectric heat exchanger adapted for selective operation in response to operational states of the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: A system and method of calculating a fuel pump life expectancy in a fuel burning engine is provided. The method includes tracking a fuel pump speed of the fuel burning engine, tracking a position value of at least one fuel actuated actuator in the fuel burning engine, and calculating a fuel pump life expectancy value based on the fuel pump speed and the position value of the at least one fuel actuated actuator.

Abstract: Since a wall part of a combustor of a gas turbine engine includes a cylindrical flange projecting integrally from an outer periphery of a spark plug fitting hole, and a spark plug support device covering an extremity of a spark plug is welded or brazed to the flange, a welded or brazed site of the device is above the flange lower in temperature than the wall part, and it is possible to suppress decrease in strength at the welded or brazed site and to improve durability, and also to reduce cost since a shape of the device may be coincided with a simple shape of the flange and machining of the device becomes easy. Since the flange is formed integrally with the wall part, compared with a case where the flange is formed from a separate member, the number of components and machining steps is decreased, enabling further cost reduction.

Abstract: An air turbine starter (ATS) includes a support structure and a turbine. The ATS additionally includes a gear train that is configured for receiving torque input from the turbine. The gears include an integrated input gear. The ATS further includes an output member. The output member is operably coupled to the gear train and a main engine input member. The output member is configured to transfer torque from the gear train to the main engine input member. Additionally, the ATS includes a motor system that is supported by the support structure. The motor system includes a motor and a motor output gear. The motor output gear is configured to engage the integrated input gear for selectively delivering motor torque from the motor to the integrated input gear such that the motor torque transfers to the main engine input member to selectively dry motor the main engine at a predetermined speed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas turbine engine comprising: a low pressure spool having a low pressure compressor and a low pressure turbine connected by a low pressure shaft; a reduction gear train having a sun gear, a carrier having a plurality of planet gears attached thereto, and a ring gear, wherein the sun gear is driveably connected to the low pressure shaft, and either of carrier and ring gear provides an output drive connected to a propulsive fan; wherein the connection between the low pressure shaft and the sun gear includes a flexible drive shaft having serially connected concentrically nested first and second input shafts between the low pressure shaft and sun gear.

Abstract: Electrical power systems, including generating capacity of a gas turbine are provided, where additional electrical power is generated utilizing a separate engine and auxiliary air injection system. The gas turbine and separate engine can operate on different fuel types.

Abstract: A method for improving partial load efficiency in a gas turbine engine including a compressor, burners, a high pressure turbine and a low pressure turbine; including the step of operating the gas turbine engine by regulating at least: air mass flow rate and flame temperature; regulation is carried out by controlling at least: the air mass flow rate supplied to the combustion chamber from the compressor, and the number of operating burners, and the change in enthalpy drop between the high and low pressure turbine to control the air mass flow rate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for regulating fuel flow to a gas turbine engine are provided. Power for the engine is governed using a control structure having an inner control loop and an outer control loop, the outer control loop comprising a feedback controller that outputs a feedback command based on a power error determined as a function of a shaft horsepower, the feedback command used to determine a gas generator speed error, the gas generator speed error used by the inner control loop for outputting a fuel flow command. The shaft horsepower is determined from a torque measurement of the engine using a torque pressure transducer. When a momentary loss of the torque measurement from the torque pressure transducer is detected, power fluctuations due to the loss of torque measurement are limited by maintaining the feedback command from the feedback controller constant during the momentary loss of torque measurement.

Abstract: A priming system for an engine system having a throttle valve configured to regulate a flow of air and fuel into an intake manifold of an engine is disclosed. The priming system may include a first sensor configured to generate a first sensor signal indicative of a value of an engine parameter, an auxiliary fuel line configured to direct fuel from a fuel source to a primed cylinder subset of the plurality of cylinders, an auxiliary fuel valve disposed in the auxiliary fuel line, and a controller in communication with the first sensor and the auxiliary fuel valve. The controller may be configured determine the value of the engine parameter from the first sensor signal and cease directing fuel from the auxiliary fuel line to the primed cylinder subset when the engine parameter value is greater than or equal to a threshold engine parameter value.

Abstract: To improve accuracy in misfire determination, a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine that controls an internal combustion engine having a variable compression ratio mechanism capable of changing the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine includes a controller configured to: determine that a misfire occurs if the magnitude of rotational fluctuation of the internal combustion engine is equal to or larger than a misfire criterion value and to make the misfire criterion value larger during the time in which changing of the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine is in progress than during the time in which the compression ratio is not being changed.

Abstract: A reformer system may include a reformer device having a fuel inlet, an air inlet and a gas outlet, a first valve set coupled to the fuel inlet and configured to selectively supply a reformer fuel flow from an engine fuel flow to the fuel inlet, a second valve set coupled to the air inlet and configured to selectively supply a reformer air flow from a compressor outlet air flow to the air inlet, and a controller in electrical communication with the first valve set and the second valve set. The controller may determine a target reformer fuel flow based on a target gas flow, determine a target reformer air flow based on the reformer fuel flow and a target air-to-fuel ratio, adjust the reformer fuel flow according to the target reformer fuel flow, and adjust the reformer air flow according to the target reformer air flow.

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing engine vacuum production and catalyst heating of a hybrid powertrain are described. In one example, a motor/generator rotates an engine at idle speed while the engine combusts air and fuel without providing torque sufficient to rotate the engine so that spark timing may be advanced or retarded from minimum spark timing for best torque to heat a catalyst and generate vacuum for vacuum consumers.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine includes an in-cylinder pressure sensor, a crank angle sensor, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to calculate a correlation index value showing a degree of a correlation between a actually measured data of a combustion mass ratio and reference data of the combustion mass ratio based on an operating condition of the internal combustion engine. The electronic control unit is configured to, in a case where the correlation index value is lower than a determination value, prohibit the actually measured value of the specific ratio combustion point pertaining to a combustion cycle in which the correlation index value is calculated from being reflected in the engine control or reduce a degree of the reflection in the engine control compared to a case where the correlation index value is equal to or higher than the determination value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting an inclination, relative to the ground, of a wheel of a motor vehicle which includes: —measuring two accelerations by using two accelerometers mounted on the wheel and suitable for measuring the acceleration of the wheel along a first axis and along a second axis, respectively, the first axis and the second axis being in the plane of the wheel and orthogonal, and —calculating the components of a gravity vector in a reference frame formed by the first axis and the second axis from the measurements of acceleration, —determining a modulus of the gravity vector from the calculated components, and —determining a position of inclination of the wheel relative to the ground by comparing the value of the modulus of the gravity vector with a predetermined value.

Abstract: An exhaust purification system includes: an NOx reduction type catalyst; an MAF sensor; an SOx purge control unit that uses an air system control having an intake air amount feedback-controlled based on a target intake air amount and an injection system control for a target injection increase amount set based on the target intake air amount, and a fuel injection amount feedback-controlled based on the target injection increase amount; an SOx purge prohibition processing unit that prohibits an SOx purge control; and a warming mode control unit that open-loop controls an air system when the SOx purge control is prohibited, controls the fuel injection amount, and maintains the exhaust gas at a temperature. The SOx purge control unit executes the injection system control by switching the target intake air amount into an actual intake air amount when starting the SOx purge control after a warming mode control is ended.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided for controlling a magnetic valve which has a coil and an armature which is displaceable by magnetic force, by means of which armature a closure element is displaceable for the purposes of injecting fuel into a combustion chamber, the method includes the steps of: energizing the coil with a voltage in accordance with a first voltage profile in order to generate a first electrical current through the coil; determining a first profile as a function of a first magnetic flux and the first current; identifying, in the first profile, a first characteristic of at least one first start of displacement at which the armature begins to displace the closure element, generating a second voltage profile and energizing the coil in accordance with the second voltage profile, such that, in a second profile, as a function of a second magnetic flux and a second current, a second characteristic of a second start of displacement is more similar to a reference characteristic than the first charact

Abstract: A machine may comprise a piston; a memory; and an electronic control module. The electronic control module may be configured to obtain information identifying a previous amount of wear of the piston pin bore and information identifying a wear limit; determine a base piston pin bore wear rate; calculate an effective piston pin bore wear rate based on the base piston pin bore wear rate; determine an amount of time between a current time and a time when the previous amount of wear of the piston pin bore was calculated; and calculate a current amount of wear of the piston pin bore based on the previous amount of wear, the amount of time, and the effective piston pin bore wear rate. The electronic control module may further be configured to calculate an amount of damage to the piston pin bore based on the current amount of wear and the wear limit.

Abstract: A machine may comprise a piston; a memory; and an electronic control module. The electronic control module may be configured to obtain information identifying a previous amount of wear of the piston ring and information identifying an initial dimension of a coating of the piston ring; determine a piston ring wear rate based on a cylinder pressure associated with the piston; determine an amount of time between a current time and a time when the previous wear of the piston ring was calculated; calculate a current amount of wear of the piston ring based on the previous amount of wear of the piston ring, the amount of time, and the piston ring wear rate; calculate an amount of damage to the piston ring based on the current amount of wear and the initial dimension; and take a remedial action when the amount of damage exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine with at least one three-way catalytic converter, at least one four-way catalytic converter and at least one binary lambda sensor, wherein during the testing of the functional operability of the at least one binary lambda sensor and/or of at least one four-way catalytic converter on the basis of a lambda change with a changeover of the internal combustion engine from a lean operation to a rich operation following a thrust operation clearing out at least one three-way catalytic converter occurs.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for controlling fuel rail pressure in a common rail fuel injection system. A desired rail pressure value is determined based on signals produced by one or more sensors, a feedback PCV control signal is determined based on a difference between the desired rail pressure value and a fuel rail pressure signal, a feedforward PCV signal is determined based on the desired rail pressure value, and a PCV control signal for controlling a pressure control valve fluidly coupled to the fuel rail is determined based on the feedback PCV control signal and the feedforward PCV control signal. The pressure control valve signal is correlated with the temperature of fuel exiting the pressure control valve such that operation of the pressure control valve in response to the PCV control signal results in a valve outlet orifice size which controls the temperature exiting fuel.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel feed pump, the fuel feed pump having a pump system and an electrically commutated electric motor, the pump system being drivable by the electric motor, includes: detecting fluctuation in circular motion of the pump system over a rotational speed of the pump system to obtain a value of the fluctuation; standardizing the detected value of the fluctuation to obtain a standardized valise; and in a case in which a predefinable limit is exceeded by the standardized value, limiting a gradient of change in the rotational speed of the pump system.

Abstract: A method for operating a spark-ignition direct-injection internal combustion engine coupled to an exhaust aftertreatment system including a catalytic converter includes monitoring an operating state of the catalytic converter. The method further includes determining if a piston of the engine is entering an intake stroke. The method further includes injecting a first quantity of fuel into a cylinder in which the piston of the engine is entering the intake stroke, and injecting a second quantity of fuel into the cylinder in which the piston of the engine is entering the intake stroke.

Abstract: A fuel injection control device divides an amount of fuel corresponding to an injection amount required for a single combustion into portions corresponding to multiple fuel injections, causes the direct injector to inject the fuel in the multiple times, and causes the direct injector to execute a partial-lift injection as a final fuel injection. The device includes a total injection amount calculation section, an individual injection amount calculation section, and an injection amount changing section. The injection amount changing section executes, as a first changing process, a process for increasing the injection amount at the final fuel injection to a value between a partial-lift injection lower limit value and a partial-lift injection upper limit value and reducing the injection amount at a fuel injection other than the final fuel injection by the increased amount of the injection amount at the final fuel injection.

Abstract: An engine cylinder head includes an internal metal structure formed from a metal material, at least a portion of which includes a thermal coating and an external polymer composite structure formed from a polymer composite material, wherein the external polymer composite structure at least partially surrounds the internal metal structure.

Abstract: A piston for a premixed spark-ignited or premixed dual fuel internal combustion engine is disclosed. The piston may be configured to reciprocate along a longitudinal axis of a combustion chamber defined by a cylinder of the engine. The piston may comprise a piston head, a top annular groove configured to receive a top annular ring, and a skirt having a pin bore extending along a pin bore axis that is configured to receive a wrist pin for connecting the piston to a connecting rod. The piston may further comprise a top land formed in the piston head that is chamfered in a direction perpendicular to the pin bore axis such that the top land does not contact an inner wall of the cylinder when the piston rocks about the pin bore axis. The top land may be non-chamfered in a direction parallel to the pin bore axis.

Abstract: Engine assemblies and methods of heating and/or cooling the engine assemblies are provided. The engine assembly has a metal liner defining a cylindrical region for receiving a piston, a polymeric composite housing disposed around at least a portion of the exterior surface of the metal liner, and a metal cylinder head. The polymeric composite housing comprises a polymer and a plurality of reinforcing fibers and at least one of: a plurality of microchannels for receiving a heat transfer fluid for heating and/or cooling the engine assembly; and at least one wire for heating the engine assembly.