Abstract: A laminated type optical sheet 22 used in a liquid crystal display device 10 that is configured to display an image based on display pixels 11PX that are arranged in a matrix. The laminated type optical sheet 22 includes a prism sheet 23, a micro lens sheet 24, and spacers 25. The micro lens sheet 24 is disposed on a light entering side relative to the prism sheet 23 with a gap between the prism sheet 23 and the micro lens sheet 24 to overlap the prism sheet 23. The spacers 25 are provided between the prism sheet 23 and the micro lens sheet 24 to hold the gap between the prism sheet 23 and the micro lens sheet 24 to form an air layer 25AR. The spacers 25 are formed in linear shapes along a plate surface of the micro lens sheet 24. The spacers 25 are oriented with axes 25AX of the spacers 25 are tilted relative to an arrangement direction of the display pixels 11PX.

Abstract: A laminate includes a substrate; an atomic layer deposition film that is disposed on at least one surface of the substrate, and is made of an inorganic material; and a protective film that is bonded to and covers the atomic layer deposition film, and has an adhesive layer that is in contact with the atomic layer deposition film.

Abstract: A transparent gas barrier laminate film in which a gas barrier layer including an inorganic thin film layer is formed on at least one surface of a first transparent plastic film substrate, and the surface of the first transparent plastic film substrate on which the gas barrier layer is formed and one surface of a second transparent plastic film substrate are bonded to each other with a first adhesive layer interposed therebetween, and a seal layer is formed on the other surface of the first transparent plastic film substrate or the second transparent plastic film substrate.

Abstract: A structure for a turbine, the structure comprising a body having a multi-layer construction including an interior layer with substantially uniform concentrations throughout of facultative anaerobic organisms (FAO) that have gene sets capable of producing the enzyme urease and/or the proteins purloin, lustre A and perlustrin, along with glucose, and non-uniform concentrations throughout of a structural composition, the structural composition including a chitin-based component with silk fibronectin and water; an exterior layer of urea, water, calcium ions and facultative anaerobic organisms (FAOs) including urease, aragonite; and a binding layer of conchiolin protein intermediate the interior layer and the exterior layer. The facultative anaeorobic organisms (FAOs) are organisms classified in one of the Saccharomyces, Escherichia and Bacillus genuses.

Abstract: A heat diffusion sheet includes a graphite sheet having a thickness of from 20 ?m to 80 ?m, an acrylic adhesive layer having a thickness within a range of from 5 ?m to 15 ?m and not containing a thermally conductive material, a polyester film having a thickness within a range of from 5 ?m to 30 ?m, and a silicone adhesive layer thinner than the polyester film, having a thickness within a range of from 2 ?m to 25 ?m, not containing a thermally conductive material and having a peeling strength of from 0.005 N/cm to 1.0 N/cm, sequentially laminated from the graphite sheet. Heat generated by the object to which the silicone adhesive layer is to be adhered is easily transferred to the graphite sheet and the heat diffusion sheet can be peeled off and reused easily.

Abstract: A laminate film which exhibits excellent gas barrier properties and lamination strength even after a severe retort treatment or which is small deterioration of gas barrier properties and hardly cause interlayer peeling can be provided. The laminate film comprises a coating layer, a metal oxide layer and a protective layer, with another intervening layer or without any intervening layer, laminated in this order on at least one surface of a polyester substrate film, wherein the coating layer comprises an oxazoline group-containing resin (A) and a polyurethane resin (B), wherein the metal oxide layer comprises a composite oxide composed of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, and wherein the protective layer comprises a polyurethane resin (D), the polyurethane resin (D) contains a metaxylylene group in an amount of 20 to 33% by mass and a silanol group in an amount of 700 to 1700 mg per kg of a resin constituting the polyurethane resin (D), as a Si element amount contained in the silanol group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive structure and an electronic device comprising same. The conductive structure comprises a first hafnium oxide layer, a metal layer, a second hafnium oxide layer and satisfies mathematical formula 1.

Abstract: The present specification provides a conductive structure body and an electronic device comprising the same.

Abstract: In a laminate film 1 including a substrate 2, a polyurethane layer 3 formed on the substrate 2, and a metal vapor deposition layer 4 formed on the polyurethane layer 3, a coating liquid is applied on the substrate 2 and dried to produce the polyurethane layer 3. The coating liquid contains a water dispersible polyisocyanate and a polyurethane dispersion containing polyurethane resin produced by reaction of an isocyanate group-terminated prepolymer with a chain extender. The isocyanate group-terminated prepolymer is produced by reaction of a polyisocyanate component including xylylene diisocyanate and/or hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate and a polyol component including diol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and an active hydrogen group-containing compound containing a hydrophilic group.

Abstract: A vehicle antenna pane for separating a vehicle interior from external surroundings is presented. The pane has features that include an inner pane, an outer pane, at least one intermediate layer that connects an internal surface of the outer pane areally to an external surface of the inner pane, a planar antenna structure that is arranged between the inner pane and the outer pane, and a base plate that is arranged on an interior side in relation to the antenna structure. A dielectric is arranged between the antenna structure and the base plate, the dielectric being provided by means of the inner pane and the intermediate layer. A base of the antenna structure has a ratio of a length to a width of 1:1 to 10:1.

Abstract: An antenna pane is presented. The antenna pane has features that include an inner pane having an internal surface, an antenna structure made of an electrically conductive paste that is printed and fired into the internal surface of the inner pane, and a dielectric carrier element that is connected to the internal surface of the inner pane via an external surface of the dielectric carrier element. In one aspect, an internal surface of the dielectric carrier element has an electrically conductive base plate that is arranged in a region of an orthogonal projection of the antenna structure relative to the inner panel.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an interlayer film for a laminated glass which is easily peelable without autohesion even after storage in a stacked state, and a laminated glass prepared using the interlayer film for a laminated glass. The present invention relates to an interlayer film for a laminated glass, having a large number of protrusions on at least one surface, the surface having an arrangement density of the protrusions of 3 protrusions/mm2 or more, and the protrusions having an area ratio of 15 to 75% to the surface.

Abstract: Wood derived multilayer glued or laminated product having an integrated electric circuit, comprising a paper layer and conducting elements of conductive ink deposited on said paper layer, said elements being suitable for forming an electric circuit and said paper layer has a rugosity inferior to 60 ?m. The paper layer may be of kraft paper. The product may comprise one or more additional kraft paper layers, in particular having a hole for receiving electric components such that the top surface of product remains flat. The product may include a fibreboard substrate of MDF. The paper layer may be a decorative paper layer glued with the circuit facing the substrate. The manufacture process comprises depositing conductive ink elements on a paper layer having rugosity inferior to 60 ?m for forming an electric circuit; and incorporating, by gluing or laminating, said paper layer into the multilayer product.

Abstract: A composite film including at least one backing film made of a backing material, at least one barrier layer made of a barrier film and at least one laminating adhesive layer therebetween. On the side of the barrier layer away from the backing layer, the composite film has a raised pattern, and in the area of the raised pattern, the barrier layer has stretched stretching regions relative to the non-stretched barrier film. In the area of the raised pattern, the barrier layer has on the side facing the backing layer surfaces that are not joined to the backing layer.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite panel is described. The method includes the steps of (a) placing a veneer in a mold, (b) dispensing an expandable foam onto the veneer in the mold; (c) placing a cover over the expandable foam in the mold, wherein the cover is placed over the expandable foam prior to the foam expanding; and (d) allowing the foam to expand in the mold. The expansion of the foam is restricted by the closed mold to produce a composite panel containing expanded foam layer having a density of at least 6 pounds/ft3.

Abstract: An object is to provide a transfer film that can impart sufficient durability performance to a transfer object surface and can also have excellent peeling stability without causing any transfer failures such as tailing and burr. A transfer film including at least a substrate, a release layer provided on the substrate, an intermediate layer provided on the release layer, and a protective layer provided on the intermediate layer, in which the intermediate layer includes a wax component and a rubber component, and the protective layer includes an active light curing resin.

Abstract: A curable organopolysiloxane composition comprising: (A) an organopolysiloxane having at least two alkenyl groups in each molecule; (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane in an amount sufficient to provide a value of 1.1:1 to 20:1 (SiH:alkenyl group) for the molar ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in the organohydrogenpolysiloxane to the alkenyl groups in component (A), wherein component (B) consists of the following components (B1) and (B2) at a mass ratio of (B1)/(B2) in the range from 100/0 to 15/85: (B1) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least three silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in each molecule and a silicon-bonded hydrogen content [Si—H] mass % satisfying the following equation: 0<[Si—H] mass %<5/(DP)0.5 wherein the DP is in the range from 5 to 1000; (B2) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least one silicon-bonded hydrogen atom in each molecule, which is different from the component (B1); and (C) a hydrosilation reaction catalyst in a catalytic amount.

Abstract: A flame-retardant epoxy resin composition wherein (A) epoxy resin, (B) a curing agent and (C) a phosphorous-containing compound expressed by the following general formula (1) are contained; a prepreg using the same and a laminated plate using said prepreg; wherein m expresses an integer from 2 to 10, R1 and R2 each independently express an alkyl group or an aryl group, R3 expresses a hydrocarbon group that may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom, X expresses an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y expresses an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or —NR4—, and in this regard, R4 expresses a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of increasing the bending strength of a board consisting of paper, the increased bending strength being obtained without largely increasing the thickness of the board. The present invention provides a board consisting of paper, the board comprising a board-shaped structure and a paperboard layer which is adhered to the board-shaped structure. The board-shaped structure includes a core, a first paper liner layer, and a second paper liner layer, the first and second paper liner layers being adhered to the core so that the core is sandwiched and held between the first and second paper liner layers. The paperboard layer is adhered to the first paper liner layer, the thickness of the board-shaped structure is in the range of approximately 15 mm to approximately 40 mm, the thickness of each of the first paper liner layer and the second paper liner layer is in the range of approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a case for attaching a screen protector film for a mobile terminal. The case for attaching a screen protector film for a mobile terminal includes: a film housing that has a film seat for keeping a screen protector including a separation film and a screen protector film that is separated from the separation film to be attached to a screen of a mobile terminal; and a movable member that is coupled to and separated from the film housing by moving in a movement direction parallel with the longitudinal direction of the screen protector and has a terminal seat disposed perpendicular to the movement direction and corresponding to the upper end or the lower end of a mobile terminal, in which the movable member is connected to the screen protector film at a predetermined area around the terminal seat.

Abstract: A laminate includes a substrate made of an organic polymer having a functional group containing an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom, a functional layer bonded to the functional group of the organic polymer contained in the substrate and formed by an atomic layer deposition process, and an overcoat layer provided to cover the functional layer and containing transition metal atoms. Because the adhesion between the substrate and the functional layer is improved and the functional layer is protected by the overcoat layer, it is possible to achieve both improved gas barrier properties and/or improved durability against an environmental stress such as heat, humidity and the like.

Abstract: A cutting mechanism includes a cutter roll and a rotational driving mechanism for rotationally driving the cutter roll. The cutter roll has a roll body and a blade portion protruding from a peripheral surface of the roll body. The blade portion is formed at a same position on a circumference of the roll body and extends in an axial direction of the roll body. The cutter roll is arranged so that the axial direction is at a predetermined angle with respect to a pull-out direction of the reinforcing fiber material. The cutting mechanism further includes a slide mechanism that displaces cutter roll in the axial direction toward a side in the pull-out direction of the reinforcing fiber material at least when the reinforcing fiber material is cut.

Abstract: A structure includes a first substrate and a variable grain layer disposed on or formed into the first substrate. The variable grain layer includes a first grain portion having a first grain size and second grain portion having a second grain size. The first grain size is smaller than the second grain size.

Abstract: A method for producing a composite elastic tape, comprising the steps of providing an elastic material having a maximum elastic elongation (Emax), in a direction, of between 600% and 1500%, preferably between 700% and 1200%, more preferably between 800% and 1000%, elastically stretching said elastic material in said direction by an elongation value between 10% and 50%, preferably between 10% and 30% of the maximum elastic elongation (Emax), providing at least one sheet of fibrous material, attaching said elastic material, elongated by said elongation value, to said at least one sheet of fibrous material in an undeformed state.

Abstract: A plate cylinder enables a printing plate to be attached thereto and is improved in strength. A plate cylinder is attached to a rotationally driven plate driving shaft, and is configured to mount a cylindrical printing plate attached thereon from a tip end side thereof. The plate cylinder is provided with a plate cylinder main body having a plate mounting surface to which the printing plate is attached. A flat portion is formed on a flat surface positioned further toward a radially inner side than the plate mounting surface. A plurality of hole portions is formed side by side in an axially separated state in the flat portion. A plurality of plate fixing members tightly fixes the printing plate to the plate mounting surface. The plate fixing members are fitted into the hole portions, and are provided to be movable in radially inward and outward directions of the plate cylinder.

Abstract: A printing apparatus (droplet discharge apparatus) includes a discharge portion that has a nozzle discharging ink to a medium and a control device that allows the discharge portion to discharge the ink depending on execution of a print job defining a mode for discharging the ink to the medium. Before the print job is executed, the control device calculates a discharge amount fluctuation which is a fluctuation in a discharge amount of liquid per unit time by the discharge portion based on the print job and determines whether or not maintenance for recovering ink discharge performance of the discharge portion is required at the time of executing the print job based on the discharge amount fluctuation.

Abstract: An ink jet head includes a substrate having a pressure chamber formed therein, the pressure chamber being in communication with a nozzle through which ink is to be discharged, a first plate that is deformable to change a volume of the pressure chamber, and a second plate between the first plate and the pressure chamber, that stretches in response to an electric signal applied thereto. The second plate contracts in an in-plane direction to cause the first plate to deform and thereby the volume of the pressure chamber to be enlarged, when the electric signal is applied, and the second plate returns to an original shape thereof to cause the first plate to return to an original shape thereof and thereby the volume of the pressure chamber to return to an original volume thereof, when the electric signal is no longer applied.

Abstract: A drive circuit includes an amplification unit that amplifies a signal and outputs the amplified signal toward a node; and a voltage output unit that outputs a voltage responding to the signal toward the node during a predetermined period of a part or all of a period in which a magnitude of a voltage change of the signal is less than or equal to a threshold. The amplification unit includes a differential amplifier, a selector, and transistors, and the voltage output unit includes a linear amplifier and a switch.

Abstract: An element substrate comprises: a data latch unit for latching, based on a first signal, first print data and second print data which have been received by a reception unit; a first driving unit for driving printing elements based on a timing of a second signal and a logical operation result of printing element selection data and the first print data latched by the data latch unit; a delay unit for delaying the second signal by a predetermined time; an operation result latch unit for latching, based on the delayed second signal, a result of a logical operation of the printing element selection data and the second print data latched by the data latch unit; and a second driving unit for driving the printing elements in accordance with the latched operation result and the delayed second signal.

Abstract: A discharge waveform generating device includes a timing reference generation circuit, a timing adjustment circuit, a waveform pattern generation circuit, and a timing correction circuit. The timing reference generation circuit generates a discharge timing for generating, from image data, a discharge waveform of ink to print the image data, based on a line synchronization signal for synchronizing discharge operations of discharge nozzles to discharge ink. The timing adjustment circuit sets an adjustment value of the discharge timing. The waveform pattern generation circuit generates the waveform from the image data, based on outputs of the timing reference generation circuit and the timing adjustment circuit.

Abstract: An inkjet head drive apparatus comprises a pressure chamber, an actuator, a nozzle and a drive signal output section. The pressure chamber accommodates an ink. The actuator increases or decreases volume of the pressure chamber through an applied a voltage. The nozzle is connected with the pressure chamber to eject the ink through the change in the volume of the pressure chamber. When an ejection pulse for the ejection of the ink from the nozzle is repeated for equal to or greater than three times, the drive signal output section outputs a drive signal having a driving waveform including an initial ejection pulse having a first voltage amplitude and the second ejection pulses and the pulses thereafter having a second voltage amplitude smaller than the first voltage amplitude to the actuator.

Abstract: A passage member of the present disclosure includes a plurality of plates including openings forming a passage through which a liquid flows and stacked through an adhesive. In at least one plate, a plurality of adhesive spill holes are arranged at substantially the same distances from the opening, so as to surround the opening.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, an element substrate capable of detecting a temperature immediately below a heater with high sensitivity is provided. The element substrate has a multilayer structure, and includes a heater, a first wiring below a position where the heater is provided, and a second wiring below the first wiring. The element substrate further includes a temperature detection element formed by series-connecting a first conductive via for connecting the first wiring and the second wiring, a constant electric current source which supplies a constant electric current, and a voltage detection circuit which detects a voltage obtained by supplying the constant electric current to the temperature detection element.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a liquid ejecting head which ejects liquid from a nozzle that is disposed on a nozzle surface, and an absorption member which is able to contact the nozzle surface, in which it is possible to perform a first contact operation which causes the absorption member to contact the nozzle surface at a position which corresponds to a nozzle region that includes an opening region of the nozzle, and a second contact operation which causes the absorption member to contact the nozzle surface at a position which corresponds to a non-nozzle region that is a region outside of the nozzle region.

Abstract: A system in an inkjet printer cleans components in a printhead cleaning system. The system includes a rectangular frame, an actuator configured with a bi-directionally rotating output shaft, a shaft connected to the rotating output shaft, a rinsing member pneumatically connected to a fluid source to enable a fluid from the fluid source to flow to the member and exit through openings in the rinsing member. Cords are connected to the shaft and the member to move the rinsing member from a first position at one end of the frame to a second position at another end of the frame as the output shaft of the actuator rotates in one direction. Fluid is released through the openings in the rinsing member to clean components of a printhead cleaning system as the rinsing member moves. The actuator is reversed to return the rinsing member to the first position.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for thermal transfer printing include, in at least one aspect, a printing apparatus includes: a band capable of holding hot melt ink thereon; rollers configured and arranged to hold and transport the band with respect to a substrate; a printhead configured and arranged to thermally transfer a portion of the ink from the band to the substrate to print on the substrate; and a heating device configured and arranged to heat the band to cause ink on the band to re-melt, flow and replace at least some of the portion of the ink transferred to the substrate previously before arriving at the printhead again for a next print.

Abstract: A photothermal conversion image generating device that generates a photothermal conversion image for forming a three-dimensional image by causing a thermally expandable sheet having a thermally expandable layer on a base material to expand, the device including: a processor that allocates, based on a line width of a line forming the three-dimensional image, an image for forming the line to either a front surface of the thermally expandable sheet or a rear surface of the thermally expandable sheet.

Abstract: There is provided a printed medium manufacturing method for manufacturing a printed medium by performing printing with ink with respect to a permeable medium, which is a recording medium that permeates the ink, the method including an ink attaching process of attaching the ink to the permeable medium, a pigment fixing process of fixing a pigment in the ink to the permeable medium with a binder resin in the ink by heating the ink attached to the permeable medium in the ink attaching process, and a dye color developing process of causing the permeable medium itself to develop color with the dye in the ink by heating the ink attached to the permeable medium in the ink attaching process.

Abstract: A printer for printing information on a recording medium includes a guide that guides the recording medium being fed and includes multiple holes, a sensor for detecting the recording medium, and a board that includes multiple terminals. The sensor is mounted on at least one of the terminals such that the sensor is exposed through one of the holes.

Abstract: A thermal printer having a printhead, a printhead arm to engage and disengage the printhead, a platen roller, a user interface, and a printhead pressure adjustment mechanism is provided. The improvement consists of at least one force sensor adapted to sense the pressure between the printhead and the platen roller in real-time. The force sensor is communicatively linked to the user interface. The user interface is configured to display the pressure measured by the force sensor in real-time.

Abstract: This image recording apparatus includes recording heads and a detector for detecting a thick part of a recording medium. Before the thick part reaches a recording region, printing by means of the recording heads is stopped, and the relative position of the recording heads and the recording region is switched to a retracted position in the image recording apparatus. After the thick part passes through the recording region, the relative position of the recording heads and the recording region is switched to a printing position, and the printing of a new unit image is started from a position an integral multiple of a printing period apart from a last start position. This restrains a difference between the periods of image recording positions before and after the suspension of a printing step while restraining contact between the recording heads and the thick part.

Abstract: A medium holding device includes a large tray having a medium mounting surface; an intermediate tray having a medium mounting surface smaller than that of the large tray; a tray mounting section on which the large tray and the intermediate tray are selectively mounted; a frame body that holds a recording medium with the large tray if the large tray and the intermediate tray have separate configuration and the large tray is mounted on the tray mounting section; and a first attachment that is mounted on an inside of the frame body and holds the recording medium with the intermediate tray if the intermediate tray is mounted on the tray mounting section, and is separated from the frame body if the large tray is mounted on the tray mounting section.

Abstract: An inkjet recording device is described in which maintenance is performed by a maintenance unit upon a recording head. The maintenance unit is located on a base unit. The base unit includes a wall portion supporting a plurality of gear shafts protruding in a width direction from the wall portion.

Abstract: A printer has a carriage being movable between a first end and a second end of a reciprocating path; and a driving force transmitting path selecting mechanism provided at the second end of the reciprocating path. The selecting mechanism has: a common driving force outputting member; a plurality of force receiving members; a selecting member; and a position retainer for keeping the position of the selecting member. The selecting member connects the force outputting member to one of the plurality of force receiving members, and moves in association with the carriage when the carriage moves in a vicinity of the second end in a first direction extending from the first end to the second end. The position retainer keeps the position of the selecting member when the carriage moves in a second direction extending from the second end to the first end.

Abstract: A user's fingertip is prevented from entering a housing while a cover is closed. A printing apparatus includes: a housing containing a printing unit therein; a cover openably attached to the housing, the cover forming a discharging opening, through which a sheet is discharged from the housing, while the cover is closed; and a protective wall portion provided inside the cover for preventing a user's fingertip inserted through the discharging opening from proceeding toward the printing unit while the cover is closed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a mobile printer freefall detection and protection mechanism. Printers may be subject to vibration or free fall during printing. This is more likely to happen for a mobile printer. In such cases, the printing performance will be adversely affected a lot or a thermal printhead (TPH) in the printer could be damaged. This disclosure describes a system and method of solving this problem by measuring the G-forces at using at least one sensor to determine if it is safe to start operation again.

Abstract: A tape cartridge includes a platen roller, a winding up core, and a cartridge casing that accommodates a printing tape, an ink ribbon, the platen roller, and the winding up core. The cartridge casing includes an insertion opening in which a head cover on a cartridge installation portion is inserted when the tape cartridge is installed on the cartridge installation portion. The insertion opening includes an inner wall portion including a first inner wall that is disposed at a printing tape accommodation side of the insertion opening and a second inner wall that is disposed at a winding up core side of the insertion opening, and a facing portion that is a corner portion formed by the first inner wall and the second inner wall and faces a convex portion on one of the corners of the head cover when the tape cartridge is installed on the cartridge installation portion.

Abstract: A chamber blade system maximizes ink flow at an anilox doctor blade by including a heating element adjacent the doctor blade to heat ink adjacent the blade. The heating element may be a heat strip next to an anilox doctor blade that heats the ink adjacent the doctor blade and temporarily reduces the ink viscosity to improve the flow of ink in the vicinity of the blade. Doctoring blades with a ceramic tip coating may be configured to allow a small amount of controlled ink flow through that can wet the lands thereby reducing the hydrodynamic back pressures and friction when trying to force the ink into anilox cells.

Abstract: A laser-marked polymer workpiece is described. The workpiece has a transparent component and an opaque component applied to at least one region of the transparent component. A mark is introduced onto a surface of the opaque component facing the transparent component with at least one laser. The mark is introduced, via a laser, through the transparent component. The mark is a lightening of the surface of the opaque component on which the mark was introduced.

Abstract: A booklet includes a book block having at least two sheets stitched together. When the sheets are folded along a line parallel with stitching so each sheet defines a leaf on each side of fold line, the sheets form an innermost and outermost sheet. The stitching's obverse side is exposed on the innermost sheet's inner surface and stitching's reverse side is exposed on the outermost sheet's outer surface. A cover member has inner and outer surfaces, the inner surface defining first and second cover pages one on each side of cover fold line. The block is attached to cover member by attaching a block's leaf to first cover page defining a first end page, the block's leaf defining the first end page being selected so the block can be opened in two different configurations to reveal respectively the stitching's obverse and reverse sides without detaching the block from cover member.