Abstract: A wellbore is internally sealed using nanoparticles. Permeability properties are determined for a particular formation, along with its pore throat size distribution. A wellbore internal sealant (nanoparticle treatment fluid) is designed based on the determined permeability properties and pore throat size distribution. The nanoparticle treatment fluid is introduced into the formation. Pore throats within the formation are plugged by nanoparticles in the nanoparticle treatment fluid. Internal sealing reduces leak-off from filtercake damage, and also eliminates build-up of surface filtercake. Sealing the pore-structure of a particular wellbore zone alleviates the need for additional lost circulation material, resulting in a very thin filtercake and significantly reducing the chance of differential sticking. Oil-based muds can be replaced with water-based equivalents.

Abstract: A method of treating a subterranean formation includes introducing cement composition into a wellbore, the cement composition including a pumpable slurry of cement comprising a copolymer capable of swelling in a gaseous environment. A composition includes a pumpable slurry of cement comprising a copolymer capable of swelling in a gaseous environment.

Abstract: Methods comprising providing a sealant composition comprising an aqueous base fluid and a crosslinkable polymer composition, wherein the crosslinkable polymer composition comprises a crosslinkable organic polymer and a crosslinker; introducing an elastic gellable composition into the sealant composition, wherein the elastic gellable composition is an aqueous emulsion comprising an aqueous continuous phase and a dispersed phase comprising elastomeric polymers; introducing the sealant composition into a subterranean formation; and crosslinking the sealant composition into a gel to form a seal in the subterranean formation, thereby forming an elastic gelled sealant composition, wherein the elastic gellable composition reduces the brittleness of the elastic gelled sealant composition as compared to the sealant composition without the elastic gellable composition.

Abstract: Provided is a method for cementing. The method comprises providing a glass bead suspension comprising water, a synthetic hectorite, and glass beads. The method further comprises mixing the glass bead suspension with components comprising cement and additional water to form a cement composition. The method additionally comprises allowing the cement composition to set.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a compressible grout mix for filling an annular gap between a tunnel rock wall surface and a tunnel liner of a tunnel in a rock formation subject to time dependent deformation after excavation and a method of filling the annular gap between a tunnel rock wall surface and a tunnel liner of a tunnel in a rock formation subject to time dependent deformation after excavation utilizing the compressible grout mix for resilient absorption of forces in the hardened state of the compressible grout mix exerted by the time dependent deformation of the rock wall surface into the tunnel opening. The method includes: a. providing the compressible grout mix comprising hydraulic binding agent, bentonite clay, polymer foam particles, water-reducing admixture, water and air, b. placing the compressible grout mix in the annular gap between the tunnel wall rock surface and the tunnel liner, and c.

Abstract: A wellbore fluid comprising an aqueous base fluid and a plurality of particles of a polyhydroxyalkanoate latex polymer having the formula: [—O—CHR—(CH2)m—CO—]n, wherein m is a value ranging from 1 to 10 and n is a value equal to or less than 20000.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for loss circulation materials, methods of making loss circulation materials, methods treating oil and gas well fractures using loss circulation materials, and the like.

Abstract: The implementations described herein relate to imidazoline quaternary ammonium based compositions, processes for the preparation thereof and to the use of imidazoline quaternary ammonium based compositions as anti-agglomerants. In some implementations, the anti-agglomerant compositions described herein are able to handle greater than 10° C. subcooling in a sour system up to 40,000 ppm H2S and also without the need for a hydrocarbon phase. It is believed that some of the anti-agglomerants described herein can function without a hydrocarbon phase in sour conditions.

Abstract: A converter-dissolver composition in an aqueous solution of carbonate or bicarbonate, chelating agents, hydroxide base, and surfactant wetting agent. A mixture of the chelating agents and carbonate or bicarbonate is diluted with deionized water. The mixture reacts for five minutes. The hydroxide base is added to the mixture to form an in-situ reaction with the carbonate or bicarbonate and reacted for another five minutes. The solution pH is adjusted with the chelating agent. The surfactant wetting agent is added. The aqueous solution is heated to 70-230° C. and applied to a surface of oil or gas well and pipeline equipment with metal sulfate scales in a ratio of 3.78 liters of the aqueous solution per 0.45 kilograms of the metal sulfate scales. The aqueous solution reacts for 0.25-1.5 hours to dissolve the metal sulfate scales. The aqueous solution and dissolved metal sulfate scales are flushed from the surface.

Abstract: In a subterranean formation, complexation of metal ions can often be desirable in order to mitigate reactivity of the metal ions. However, many chelating agents used for this purpose are commercially manufactured in an alkali metal salt form that may not be entirely suitable for use downhole. The working pH range of some types of chelating agents may also be limiting. Accordingly, methods for treating a subterranean formation can comprise: providing an acidic treatment fluid comprising a sulfonated iminodiacetic acid; introducing the acidic treatment fluid into a subterranean formation; and at least partially dissolving an acid-reactive substance in the subterranean formation while complexing one or more metal ions with the sulfonated iminodiacetic acid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using gellable gravel packing fluids that may comprise polysaccharide gelling agents and gel stabilizers to extend the working temperature range for the polysaccharide gelling agents. A method for placing a gravel pack in a subterranean formation comprising: providing a gravel packing fluid in the form of a linear gel and comprising an aqueous base fluid, a polysaccharide gelling agent, a thermal stabilizer, and a gravel; placing the gravel packing fluid into the subterranean formation; and allowing the gravel packing fluid to form a gravel pack in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A method of recovering a hydrocarbon material from a subterranean formation comprises forming a working fluid comprising substantially solid particles and an at least partially gaseous base material, the substantially solid particles exhibiting a greater heat capacity than the at least partially gaseous base material. The working fluid is introduced into a subterranean formation containing a hydrocarbon material to heat and remove the hydrocarbon material from the subterranean formation. An additional method of recovering a hydrocarbon material from a subterranean formation, and a working fluid are also described.

Abstract: The present invention includes a foam-forming composition for use in enhanced oil recovery, and a method of using said foam-forming composition for recovering oil. The foam-forming composition of the present invention comprises a nonionic surfactant, in particular an alcohol-alkoxylate, and an anionic surfactant, in particular an alkyl diphenyloxide (di)sulfonate, where the foam-forming composition promotes a formation of a stable foam formed of a CO2 and water.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes proppant materials encapsulated with a polymer encapsulation layer. Proppant particles are formed with a core having relatively larger inner pores and a shell having relatively smaller shell pores. The shell pores and/or inner pores can be loaded with a treatment product, such as a methanogenic microbial consortium capable of converting coal into methane. The polymer encapsulation layer surrounds the shell and provides for sustained time-release of the treatment product when the proppant material has been delivered to a subterranean formation.

Abstract: A glass-coated light-accumulating material having excellent water resistance and having excellent luminescence properties for a long time period, and an efficient method for producing such a glass-coated light-accumulating material are provided. Disclosed are a glass-coated light-accumulating material formed by incorporating a metal aluminate salt as a light-accumulating material into a glass component including a zinc phosphate glass as a main component; and a method for producing such a glass-coated light-accumulating material, in which the zinc phosphate glass includes P2O5, ZnO, and R2O (wherein R?Na or K) as main components, and the melting point of the zinc phosphate glass is adjusted to a value within the range of 600° C. to 900° C.

Abstract: A light-emitting polymer comprising a light-emitting repeat unit in a backbone of the polymer, wherein the polymer has an anisotropy of no more than 0.8 and wherein a transition dipole moment of the light-emitting repeat unit is aligned with the polymer backbone.

Abstract: Provided herein are organic-inorganic hybrid-perovskites, including metal halide perovskites having a 1D crystal structure. The metal halide perovskites may be luminescent. The metal halide perovskites may include a dopant, including an emitter dopant. Methods of forming metal halide perovskites, and devices including the metal halide perovskites also are provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a composite film and a fabrication method thereof, a photoelectric element and a photoelectric apparatus. The fabrication method of the composite film includes: preparing a polyfluorene-based compound solution, wherein the polyfluorene-based compound solution includes polyfluorene or polyfluorene derivatives; preparing a quantum dot solution; mixing the polyfluorene-based compound solution and the quantum dot solution together to prepare a mixed solution; removing a solvent in the mixed solution to prepare the composite film.

Abstract: An overcoating inorganic quantum dot and a method for preparing the same are provided. The overcoating inorganic quantum dot includes at least one perovskite quantum dot with an oxide overcoat. The method includes forming the perovskite quantum dots, and overcoating an oxide overcoat on the perovskite quantum dots.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of improving germination rates of plants/crops, as well as preventing or arresting water evaporation loss from targeted soil areas, which allows for improved water usage efficiency by crops, plants, grasses, vegetation, etc.

Abstract: The polymerizable composition prevents precipitation and the like of crystals and has high storage stability. A polymer compound is added to the polymerizable composition. In a case where a film-shaped polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable composition is prepared, a tilt angle formed with an air interface is small, and glances of reflected light when a circularly polarizing plate is obtained by combining the polymer with a polarizing plate are removed. In addition, there is provided a polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable composition, and an optically anisotropic body using the polymer. The polymerizable composition includes a reverse dispersible compound represented by General Formula (I), and a compound represented by General Formula (II).

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition comprises a compound of general formula I serving as a first component; a compound of general formula II-1 and/or general formula II-2 serving as a second component; a compound of general formula III serving as a third component; a compound of general formula IV serving as a fourth component; a compound of general formula V serving as a fifth component; and a compound of general formula VI serving as a sixth component. The liquid crystal composition has at least one characteristic among the characteristics of a large dielectric anisotropy, a large optical anisotropy, a high voltage holding ratio and a low threshold voltage and the like, and is suitable to be used in a liquid crystal display device. Additionally, a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal composition is also provided.

Abstract: The problem that the present invention is to solve is to provide an optical film that has less alignment defects and is less liable to cause variation in the optical characteristics when placed in a high temperature state. The present invention provides an optical film containing a structural unit derived from a specific compound, that is, an optical film containing a structural unit derived from a compound represented by the general formula (I), which has less alignment defects and is less liable to cause variation in the optical characteristics when placed in a high temperature state, and also provides a display device including the optical film.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula I, liquid-crystalline media comprising the compounds of formula I, and the use of these liquid-crystalline media in liquid-crystal displays.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention relates to a furnace having a heated portion arranged adjacent to an unheated portion. A plurality of straight tubes are formed of a first material and are at least partially disposed in the heated portion. A plurality of return bends are operatively coupled to the plurality of straight tubes. The plurality of return bends are formed of a second material and are at least partially disposed in the unheated portion. The first material exhibits a maximum temperature greater than the second material thereby facilitating increased run time of the furnace. The second material exhibits wear-resistance properties greater than the first material thereby facilitating wear-resistance of the furnace.

Abstract: A pyrolysis apparatus having a heating system adapted to heat a first gas enclosure, wherein a gas path within the heated enclosure is helical or spherical. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in a gaseous mixture.

Abstract: There is provided a fuel hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus, including a water treatment tank configured to create activated water; a plurality of quartz tubes configured to contain titanium oxide coated ceramics; a plurality of UV lamp; a water tank configured to receive activated water from the water treatment tank; an oil tank configured to contain original oil; a inline mixer configured to break down water and oil into very small clusters and mix together to form an emulsified mixture; a emulsion tank; a reactor tank configured to produce new oil; a water-oil separator configured to divide new oil from remaining water; and a return conduit configured to supply new oil back to the oil tank.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to improved catalysts that provide for reduced product contaminants, related methods and improved reaction products. It more specifically relates to improved direct fuel production and redox catalysts that provide for reduced levels of certain oxygenated contaminants, methods related to the use of those catalysts, and hydrocarbon fuel or fuel-related products that have improved characteristics. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into one or more hydrocarbon liquid fuels. The method includes the steps of: converting the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas; and, converting the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons (including liquid fuels) and a water fraction. The water fraction comprises less than 500 ppm of one or more carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of a feed comprising a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to hydrocarbons, the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the feed being present in a ratio of from 1:9 to 9:1 by volume, the process comprising the steps of: pre-treating a catalyst composition comprising titanium dioxide support and oxidic cobalt or a cobalt compound decomposable thereto, for a period of from 1 to 50 hours, with a hydrogen gas-containing stream comprising less than 10% carbon monoxide gas by volume of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas, to form a reductively-activated catalyst; and contacting the feed at elevated temperature and atmospheric or elevated pressure with the reductively-activated catalyst; wherein the step of pre-treating the catalyst composition is conducted within a temperature range of from 200° C. to less than 300° C., preferably from 220° C. to 280° C., more preferably from 250° C. to 270° C.

Abstract: A process and catalyst is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products using multifunctional catalysts. Multifunctional catalysts enable use of less expensive metal by substituting expensive metals for less expensive metals with no loss or superior performance in slurry hydrocracking. Less available and expensive ISM can be replaced effectively.

Abstract: On-line detection of mesophase particles employs a laser diode light source to illuminate a target area with a pulsed laser linearly or circularly polarized probe beam. Analysis of images determines extent of presence the birefringent mesophase particles, which are precursors to coking in catalytic hydrocracking processes. The inherently polarized low-coherence, unfocused but sufficiently collimated, pulsed laser beam yield sharp imaging with high depth of field of very small mesophase particles that are present in a moving, dark reactor liquid environment.

Abstract: A method for upgrading a petroleum feedstock using a supercritical water petroleum upgrading system includes introducing the petroleum feedstock, water and an auxiliary feedstock. The method includes operating the system to combine the petroleum feedstock and the water to form a mixed petroleum feedstock and introducing separately and simultaneously into a lower portion of an upflowing supercritical water reactor. The auxiliary feedstock is introduced such that a portion of a fluid contained within the upflowing reactor located proximate to the bottom does not lack fluid momentum. An embodiment of the method includes operating the supercritical water petroleum upgrading system such that the upflowing reactor product fluid is introduced into an upper portion of a downflowing supercritical water reactor. The supercritical water petroleum upgrading system includes the upflowing supercritical water reactor and optionally a downflowing supercritical water reactor.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for production of base stocks with a viscosity index of at least 120 and/or a sulfur content of 300 wppm or less and/or a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3.0 cSt to 8.0 cSt by hydroconversion of a raffinate from aromatic extraction of a feed. The base stocks can further have a reduced content of 3+ ring naphthenes, such as 4.0 wt % or less, or 1.0 wt % or less. The base stocks can be produced by performing an elevated amount of feed conversion relative to 370° C. during hydroconversion of the raffinate, and optionally additional conversion during catalytic dewaxing of the hydroconverted raffinate. The base stocks can optionally be blended with additional base stocks and/or lubricant additives for production of lubricant compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides integrated bunker storage systems for waste streams based on the composition and characteristics of waste streams. In particular, the present invention provides a process for generating individual waste streams based on a set of material characteristics. According to the system and method of the present invention, individual waste streams from wastes stored in bunkers are mixed in a given feed ratio to generate a feed stock that will produce a desired output from a chemical conversion process, e.g., gasification. Optionally, composition data regarding the feed stock can be certified to a third party.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprises humins and at least one organic oxygenated solvent which has an apparent viscosity of at most 1.5 Pa·s at 100° C. at a shear rate of 30 s?1. Humins are produced by the dehydration of carbohydrates. The organic oxygenated solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, which may be aromatic, cycloaliphatic and aliphatic, and mixtures thereof. The fuel compositions can be used as marine fuel.

Abstract: The present invention is a fuel additive that includes adducts which have been formed in a solution of metallic ions, ethanol and water. In particular, the adducts are formed for the fuel additive when the solution is electromagnetically radiated. When formed, the adducts have relatively strong permanent dipoles that will influence the temporary dipoles of hydrocarbons in untreated fuel. Specifically, under the influence of the fuel additive, hydrocarbons in the treated fuel will exhibit permanent dipoles that more effectively interact with oxygen molecules from air when the treated fuel is atomized in air in a combustion chamber.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a fuel/oxygen solution is provided for use in the operation of any type of combustion chamber. Operationally, the fuel/oxygen solution is created by a solvent which includes a hydrocarbon based fuel that has been treated with an electromagnetically modified ethanol additive, and a solute that includes paramagnetic oxygen molecules. Chemically, the solvent additive has increased InterMolecular Forces (IMFs) and dispersion forces for hydrocarbon molecules in a treated fuel to make these respective forces effectively comparable with IMFs and dispersion forces of a solute of paramagnetic oxygen molecules. Thus, when atomized in a combustion chamber, the treated fuel acts as a more efficient solvent for dissolving oxygen from the air, to thereby create the fuel/oxygen solution for use in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method of introducing carbon to an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) used for melting steel, and a composition of matter including carbon, and made in a briquette form. The composition comprises between 45 and 96 weight percent of a carbon-containing material, between 2 and 30 weight percent of a basic oxide, and between 2 and 25 weight percent of a binder material. The method comprises mixing between 45 and 96 weight percent of a carbon-containing material, between 2 and 30 weight percent of a basic oxide, and between 2 and 25 weight percent of a binder material to form a solid material mixture; compressing individual portions of the solid material mixture into compressed briquettes; curing the compressed briquettes into solid briquettes; and adding the solid briquettes into the molten steel in the electric arc steelmaking furnace.

Abstract: A high-energy water-resistant pellet of at least 75% biomass material such as torrefied wood, whole-tree (white) wood, agricultural waste, flax and the like. and the remainder a binder comprising from about 2% to about 20% by total weight of the pellet. The binder is a two-component system—a plasticizer, such as tall oil pitch, rosin, fatty acid, vegetable oils, animal oils, corn protein and glycerin—preferably from 3% to about 20% of the binder, and lignin from about 80-97% of the binder.

Abstract: The invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising as a base oil at least one oxygen-containing oil having a carbon/oxygen molar ratio of 2.5 or more and 5.8 or less, and being used in combination with a (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene refrigerant.

Abstract: The current invention a eco-friendly lubricant. The components of the lubricant are as follows, CANOLA OIL, PALM OIL, SOY WAX, SWEET ORANGE OIL which is adjusted for fragrance and Vitamin E to extend the shelf life of products by preventing oxidation and by slowing the growth of certain bacteria. The lubricant will be semi-solid. To use it is heat to bring semi-solid to liquid and squeeze the semi-solid out of tube to area, then apply heat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for advancing the spark timing of a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, the method comprising lubricating the spark-ignited internal combustion engine with a lubricating composition comprising base oil and an anti-knock additive, wherein the anti-knock additive is an aromatic amine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a polymer, employing the steps of: (1) contacting a free radical initiator; a chain transfer agent containing a thiocarbonyl thio group and a free radical leaving group; and a radically polymerisable monomer, to form a polymer chain; and (2) contacting the polymer chain of step (1) with at least one of a polyvalent coupling agent, a polymerisation inhibitor, a grafting acylating agent, an amine and an oil of lubricating viscosity. The invention further provides compositions and uses for the polymer.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention provide a lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating oil base stock and a compound of formula (I): or a salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 have any of the values defined in the specification, as well as methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Provided are lubricating engine oils including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component having a base oil viscosity at 100 deg. C. ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 cSt, and a carboxylic functionalized polymer dispersant with aromatic amine functionality, as a minor component, wherein the lubricating engine oils have a cold crank simulator viscosity at ?30 deg. C. of less than 8500 mPa·s. The lubricating engine oils may provide improved engine wear protection at equivalent fuel efficiency or improved fuel efficiency at equivalent engine wear protection compared to a lubricating engine oil containing a dispersant as a minor component other than the carboxylic functionalized polymer with aromatic amine functionality. Methods of making the lubricating engine oil are also provided. The lubricating engine oils are useful in internal combustion engines including direct injection, gasoline and diesel engines.

Abstract: A grease of the invention contains a base oil and a thickener, where, when the volumetric-based arithmetic mean particle size of particles contained in the grease measured using laser diffraction/scattering method is A (unit: ?m), a formula A?3 (1) is satisfied.

Abstract: The present application relates to perfume raw materials, perfume delivery systems and consumer products comprising such perfume raw materials and/or such perfume delivery systems, as well as processes for making and using such perfume raw materials, perfume delivery systems and consumer products. Such perfume raw materials and compositions, including the delivery systems, disclosed herein expand the perfume communities' options as such perfume raw materials can provide variations on character and such compositions can provide desired odor profiles.

Abstract: The present application relates to the use of neopentyl glycol diacetate (CAS 13431-57-7) as a flavor and fragrance ingredient.

Abstract: A method for extracting resins and oils from a plant includes: 1) tumbling, inside a container at a temperature of at most 50 degrees Fahrenheit with a tumbler, plant fibers having one or more portions that contain resins and/or oils; 2) colliding the tumbler with the plant fibers to release the one or more portions that contain resins and/or oils from the remainder of the plant fibers; and 3) segregating the one or more portions that contain resins and/or oils from the remainder of the plant fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a candle comprising a wick, a fuel and a candle dish and also to a candle dish to be used in candles. The invention further relates to a fastening device comprising a candle comprising a candle dish and fastening material.